Class 6

Haryana State Board HBSE 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Electricity and Circuits Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Electricity and Circuits

HBSE 6th Class Science Electricity and Circuits Textbook Questions and Answers

Exercises

Question 1.
Fill in the blanks:
(a) A device that is used to break an electric circuit is called ………… .
(b) An electric cell has …………. terminals.
Answer:
(a) switch
(b) two.

Question 2.
Make ‘true’ or ‘false’ for following statements:
(a) Electric current can flow through metals.
(b) Instead of metal wires, a jute string can be used to make a circuit.
(c) Electric current can pass through thermocol.
Answer:
(a) True
(b) False
(c) False.

Question 3.
Explain why the bulb not glow in the arrangement shown in Fig. 12.1.
Answer:
The bulb would not glow in the arrangement shown in figure because the one end of tester/screw driver is made up of plastic which does not allow the electric current of flow through it.

Question 4.
Complete the drawing in Fig 12.2. to indicate where the tree ends of the two wires should be joined to make the bulbs glow.

Question 5.
What is the purpose of using an electric switch? Name some electrical gadgets that have switches built into them.
Answer:
An electrical switch is used to open the circuit or to close the circuit due to which electrical gadgets start or stop. Electrical switch is used in many electrical gadgets such as: Television, Washing machine, Electrical mixy, Toaster, Heaters, Press, Tube-light, Electrical bulb, Torch, etc.

Question 6.
Would the bulb glow after completing the circuit shown in Fig. 12.13 if instead of safety pin we use an eraser?
Answer:
No, since eraser is an insulator so it does not allow the current to pass. Hence, the bulb will not glow.

Question 7.
Would the bulbs glow in the circuit in Fig. 12.5.

Answer:
No, the bulb will not light up. Because on one terminal, woolen thread is used instead of metal wires. Woollen thread is insulator in which no current flows. So the bulb will not light up.

Question 8.
Using your “conduction tester” on an object is was found that the bulb begins to glow is that a conductor or an insulator? Explain.
Answer:

The bulb lights up, when we use “conductor tester”, because the material we use is conductor. The material is made up of metals which are conductors of electricity. Therefore the bulb lights up. The circuit completes due to flow of electricity through metal materials. (See Fig. 12.6.)

Question 9.
Why should an electrician use rubber gloves while repairing an electric switch at your home? Explain.
Answer:
Our body is good conductor of electricity and rubber in insulator. During repairing work if the body comes in contact with current carrying wire then there will not be any accident as rubber does not allow the passage of current though it. Hence electrician uses rubber gloves while repairing an electric switch.

Question 10.
The handles of the tools like screwdrivers and pliers used by electricians for the repair work usually have plastic or rubber covers on them. Can you explain why?
Answer:
Plastic or rubber is an insulator which does not allow electric current to pass through it. The handles of the tools like screwdrivers and pliers used by electricians have covering of plastic or rubber, so that electric current may not pass through these tools to the body of the electrician to harm him.

HBSE 6th Class Science Electricity and Circuits Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Define electricity.
Answer:
Electricity is one of the most useful forms of energy.

Question 2.
Name two devices which work on electricity?
Answer:
(i) Toaster
(ii) Television.

Question 3.
From where is electricity supplied to our home?
Answer:
Electricity is supplied to our home from power station.

Question 4.
When electricity supply fails at night, from where do we get electricity?
Answer:
When electric supply fails at night, we get electricity from torch.

Question 5.
What supplies electricity to torch bulb?
Answer:
Electric cell supplies electricity to torch bulb.

Question 6.
What is an electric cell?
Answer:
It is a source of electricity.

Question 7.
Name two devices in which we use electric cell?
Answer:
(i) Alarm clock
(ii) Camera.

Question 8.
What type of terminals does an electric cell contain?
Answer:
Two types of terminals:
(i) Positive terminals (+) and (ii) Negative terminals (-).

Question 9.
Define battery.
Answer:
When two or more cells are joined together, we call it a battery.

Question 10.
How does an electric cell produce electricity?
Answer:
An electric cell produces electricity from chemicals stored inside it.

Question 11.
When does the electric bulb light up?
Answer:
Electric bulb lights up when the bulb and the connecting wire form a complete path which starts from one terminal of the electric cell and ends at the other terminal.

Question 12.
If there is any gap in the path, will the bulb light up?
Answer:
The bulb will not light up.

Question 13.
Define an electric circuit.
Answer:
The complete path from one terminal of the electric cell through the bulb and back to the other terminal of electric cell is called, a circuit.

Question 14.
In which direction does electric current flow in a circuit?
Answer:
Electric current flows in a circuit from positive terminal to negative terminal.

Question 15.
What is a fused bulb?
Answer:
When the filament is broken in a bulb, it is called the fused bulb.

Question 16.
What is an electric switch?
Answer:
A switch is a simple device that either breaks or completes the circuit.

Question 17.
Define an open circuit.
Answer:
When there is a gap between two terminals, it is called open circuit.

Question 18.
What is a closed circuit?
Answer:
A circuit where there is no gap between two terminals is called a closed circuit.

Question 19.
Define conductors.
Answer:
The materials through which electric current can flow are called conductors.

Question 20.
What are insulators?
Answer:
The materials through which the electric current cannot flow are called insulators.

Question 21.
Name two materials which are condutors.
Answer:
(i) Aluminium
(ii) Copper.

Question 22.
Name two insulators.
Answer:
(i) Rubber
(ii) Plastics.

Question 23.
Can we use rubber/jute instead of metal wires to connect circuit?
Answer:
No, we cannot use rubber/jute to connect circuit wires.

Question 24.
Name two metals which can be used to connect wires.
Answer:
(i) Copper
(ii) Aluminium.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Classify the following into conductors and insulators:
Metal, Rubber, Plastic, Wood, Glass, Iron nail, Gold foil.
Answer:
(a) Conductors: Metals, iron nails, gold foil.
(b) Insulators: Rubber, plastic, wood, glass.

Question 2.
Why are copper and aluminium metals used for making wires?
Answer:
Copper and aluminium are metals. They are good conductors of electricity and electric current can flow through them. So they are used for making electric wires.

Question 3.
Name two insulators and two conductors.
Answer:
Insulators:
(i) Plastic
(ii) Rubber.

Conductors:
(i) Iron
(ii) Copper.

Question 4.
Name some devices in which electric cell is used.
Answer:
We use electric cell in many devices; such as alarm clock, wrist-watch, transistor, calculator, camera, lighter etc.

Question 5.
Define an electric cell.
Answer:
An electric cell contains a cylindrical pot covered by a thick paper sheet. Inside the a pot, there are some chemicals stored and a carbon rod in the middle covered by metal cap at its top. There are two terminals: (+) positive and (-) negative terminals in the cell. The (-) negative mark is negative terminal of the cell. Both terminals are on the same side. (See Fig. 12.7.)

Question 6.
Define a battery.
Answer:
When two or more electric cells are joined in such a way that positive terminal of one cell is joined by negative terminal of another cell, we call it a battery. (See Fig. 12.8.)

Question 7.
How does an electric cell produce electricity?
Answer:
Electricity is-produced by electric cell from chemicals stored inside it. When the chemicals of the cell are used up, it stops producing electricity.

Question 8.
What is an electric bulb? Explain.
Answer:
An electric bUlb contains tiny wire inside a glass cover, called filament. The filament is supported by two thick wires. One of the thick wires is connected to the metal case around the base of the bulb and other is connected to the metal tip of the base. The base and metal tip are two terminals of the bulb. The two terminals do not touch each other. (See Fig. 12.9.)

Question 9.
When does the bulb light up?
Answer:
The bulb light up only when the bulb and the wire complete, the path which starts at one terminal of the electric cell and ends at the other terminal. If there is any gap in the path, the bulb does not light up. It also does not light up if the path starts and returns to the same terminal of the electric cell. (See Fig. 12.10.)

Question 10.
Define an electric circuit.
Answer:
The complete path from one terminal of the electric cell through the bulb and back to the other terminal of the electric cell is called a circuit. As soon as the path from one terminal of the electric cell to the other terminal is complete, an electric current starts flowing through the circuit and the bulb starts glowing.

Question 11.
How does electric current flow in an electric cell?
Answer:
The electric current flows from the positive terminal of the electric cell to its negative terminal as shown in the figure below:
In the bulb, the current enters through one of its terminals, flows through the filament inside the bulb and comes out through the other terminal of the bulb. The bulb lights up.

Question 12.
What is a fused bulb?
Answer:
If the filament is broken, the circuit is not complete and hence the current cannot flow. The bulb with broken filament is called a fused bulb.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Draw a labelled sketch of a torch. Give its various parts and working.
Answer:
Parts of a torch:
(a) A metallic or plastic casing
(b) Torch bulb
(c) Glass reflector
(d) Metal switch contacts
(e), Slide switch
(f) Two or three dry dells according to size of the cell
(g) Metal spring attached to slide switch
(h) Lamp contact.

Working of torch:
Electric current flows in the closed circuit. When slide switch is slided forward, cell contact is complete with the bulb, circuit is now closed. Electric current starts from one terminal of the electric cell and comes back to the other terminal of the electric cell. Bulb glows and starts emitting light.

Question 2.
Describe an electric bulb.
Answer:
It consists of a tiny coiled wire, supported by two thick wires making a V-shape. This tiny coiled wire is called filament. The’ two thick wires making this v-shape are called supporting wires. The lower end of one of these wires is connected to the metal casing at the side of the bulb. The lower end of the second wire is connected to the metal top at the base and the metal casting at its lower end act as terminals of the bulb. The space in between the terminals of the bulb is filled with sealing wax. This prevents the terminals from making contact with one another.

Where the electric current passes through the filament of the bulb through the terminals, it gets white hot and produce light

(a) Torch bulb
(b) Inside a torch bulb

Question 3.
What is electric circuit? How many types of electric circuit are there? Define them. Draw a diagram to show the closed Circuit for switch, bulb and dry cell.
Answer:
Electric circuit:
The complete path of flow of electricity from one terminal of the cell to its other terminal through various electrical components is called an electric circuit.

There are two types of electric circuit: (a) Open electric circuit, (b) Closed electric circuit.

(a) Open electric circuit:
The circuit in which electrical contact at any point is broken is called open electric circuit.

(b) Closed electric circuit:
The circuit in which electric current flows from one terminal of a cell or battery to the other is called a closed circuit.

Question 4.
Does supply of electricity have two-way path?
Answer:
Yes . There are always two wires coming from the electric power house. One of the wires brings the current and is called live wire. The current coming through live wire passes through an electric appliance (such as a bulb, fan, etc.) and then flows out through another wire to power house. The wire which carries away the current to power house is called neutral wire.

These days there is a third wire, which is commonly called earth wire. This wire is attached to the metallic bodies of the electric appliances. It is a kind of safety wire which protects us from electric shocks and electric fires.

Electricity and Circuits Class 6  HBSE Notes

• Electricity is the most useful forms of energy. We use many devices which work on electricity such as heater, washing machine, T.V., tube-light, etc.
• Electric cell is a source of electricity. It has two terminals: (i) Positive terminal and negative terminal.
• Electric cell produces electricity from the chemicals stored inside it.
• A bulb has two terminals. The complete path from one terminal of the electric cell through the bulb and back to the other terminal of electric cell is called a circuit.
• When there is a complete circuit from one terminal of the electric cell to the other, electric current flows through the circuit.
• The electric current flows from the positive terminal of the electric cell to its negative terminal.
• Switch is a simple device that either breaks the circuit or completes it to stop or start the flow of current.
• Materials through which the electric current can flow are called conductors;
• Materials through which the electric current cannot flow are called insulators.
• Electric cells are used in many devices such as an alarm clock, wrist-watch, transistor and camera etc.
• When two electric cells are jointed together, we call it a battery.
• In an electric bulb there is a thin wire, called filament and two thick wires.
• Electric circuit: The complete path from one terminal of the electric cell through the bulb and back to other terminal of electric cell, is called a circuit.
• Electric switch: A switch is a simple device that either breaks the circuit or completes it.
• Conductors and insulators are equally important for us.
• Our body is a good conductor of electricity. Therefore be careful when you handle an electrical appliance.

Haryana State Board HBSE 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 2 Components of Food Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 2 Components of Food

HBSE 6th Class Science Components of Food Textbook Questions and Answers

Exercises

Question 1.
Name the major nutrients in our food.
Answer:
The major nutrients in our food are:

• Carbohydrates
• Proteins
• Fats
• Vitamins
• Minerals
• Dietary fibres and water.

Question 2.
Name the following :
(a) The nutrients which mainly gives energy to our body.
(b) The nutrients that are needed for the growth and maintenance of our body.
(c) A vitamin required for maintaining good eye sight.
(d) A mineral that is required for keeping our bones healthy.
Answer:
(a) Carbohydrates and fats,
(b) Proteins
(c) Vitamins ‘A’
(d) Calcium.

Question 3.
Name two food each rich in :
(a) Fats
(b) Starch
(c) Dietary fibre
(d) Proteins.
Answer:
(a) (i) Butter, (ii) Ghee, (iii) Soyabean.
(b) (i) Rice (cooked), (ii) Dal (cooked), (iii) Peanuts.
(c) Whole grains and pulses. Fresh fruits.
(d) Milk, fish, cheese and eggs.

Question 4.
Tick (✓) the statements that are correct.
(a) By eating rice alone, we can fulfill nutritional requirement of our body. ( )
(b) Deficiency diseases can be prevented by eating a balanced diet. ( )
(c) Balance diet for the body should contain a variety of food items. ( )
(d) Meat alone is sufficient to provide all nutrients to the body. ( )
Answer:
(a) Not correct
(b) correct
(c) correct
(d) not correct.

Question 5.
Fill in the blanks :
(a) _________ is caused by deficiency of vitamin D.
(b) Deficiency of _________ causes a disease known as beri-beri.
(c) Deficiency of vitamin C causes a disease known as _________.
(d) Night blindness is caused due to deficiency of _________ in our food.
Answer:
(a) Rickets
(b) Vitamin B
(c) Scurvy
(d) Vitamin ‘A’.

HBSE 6th Class Science Components of Food Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are the essential nutrients for our body?
Answer:
Carbohydrates, proteins and fats, vitamins and minerals are essential nutrients.

Question 2.
Name any three sources of carbohydrates.
Answer:
Cereals – Sugar and sweet potato.

Question 3.
Name the disease caused due to lack of vitamin A.
Answer:
Night blindness.

Question 4.
Name two sources of animal proteins.
Answer:
Egg and milk.

Question 5.
Write two sources of plant protein.
Answer:
Pulses and beans.

Question 6.
Same mass of which nutrient gives more energy – Fats or carbohydrate?
Answer:
Fats.

Question 7.
Name two foods rich in dietary fibres.
Answer:

• cabbage
• spinach.

Question 8.
Name three foods rich in oil and fats.
Answer:
Butter, ghee, vegetable oils.

Question 9.
Name two protein-rich foods.
Answer:
Meat and milk.

Question 10.
Which food is needed for strong bones and teeth?
Answer:
Milk, fish, oils and eggs.

Question 11.
Which food is needed to prevent constipation?
Answer:
Juicy fruits and fresh vegetables.

Question 12.
Name the type of food which makes a balanced diet?
Answer:

• Energy-providing
• Growth- promoting
• protective food.

Question 13.
What are protective foods?
Answer:
Foods which help in protection of body from disease like – minerals and vitamins.

Question 14.
Name three sources of fats.
Answer:
Coconut, ghee and groundnut.

Question 15.
What is the importance of proper food selection?
Answer:
By selecting food properly, we can have nutritious diet in less price.

Question 16.
What are the sources of vitamin ‘D’?
Answer:
Milk, butter, egg and fish liver.

Question 17.
What is the causal factor of scurvy?
Answer:
It is caused by the deficiency of vitamin C.

Question 18.
What is the main cause of obesity?
Answer:
Excess eating of fried food is the main cause of obesity.

Question 19.
What are harmful effects of obesity?
Answer:
It causes heart disease, high blood pressure and diabetes.

Question 20.
Name four important minerals present in our body.
Answer:
Calcium, sodium, potassium and iron.
Calcium and phosphorus.

Question 21.
Name the disease caused by the deficiency of proteins and carbohydrates in children.
Answer:
Kwashiorkar and Marasmus.

Question 22.
Which disease is caused by the deficiency of vitamin B2?
Answer:
Retarded growth, Pellegra.

Question 23.
Name the disease caused by the deficiency of iron.
Answer:
Anaemia.

Question 24.
Name the disease caused by the deficiency of phosphorus.
Answer:
Body weakness and bad bones and teeth.

Question 25.
Chapatis of wheat flour or maida?
Answer:
Chapatis of wheat flour give us more nutrients.

Question 26.
Vegetables and fruits with peels or without peels?
Answer:
Vegetables and fruits with peels give us more nutrients.

Question 27.
Dalia or noodles?
Answer:
Dalia gives us more nutrients.

Question 28.
Fruit juice or created spot drinks?
Answer:
Fruits juice gives us more nutrients.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are the symptoms of vitamin ‘C’ deficiency?
Answer:
Symptoms of vitamin ‘C’ deficiency are :
(i) Skin on the gums begins to crack and bleed.
(ii) Wounds in the body take a longer time to heal.
(iii) Cough and cold are caused due to its deficiency.

Question 2.
What is the difference between vitamins and minerals?
Answer:
Difference between vitamins and minerals :

Question 3.
What is a balanced diet?
Answer:
A diet containing all the essential requirements in right proportion, necessary for the growth and development of the body. These are carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins and minerals. Sufficient amount of water and roughage should also be present.

Question 4.
What are protective foods? Give two examples.
Answer:
Those foods which help in the protection of body against diseases like vitamins and minerals.

Question 5.
Name the different components of food.
Answer:
The main components of foods are : Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins and minerals. Roughage and water are also needed in proper quantity.

Question 6.
List the functions of food.
Answer:
Functions of foods are:

• To provide energy to do work.
• To help in repairing of injured body part and growth.
• To protect the body from infections and disease.

Question 7.
What is the importance of fats in our body?
Answer:
Fats are important for our body in the following ways:

• They are used as fuels in the absence of carbohydrates.
• Fats protect the internal organs from the external shocks.

Question 8.
Why is water essential for our life?
Answer:
Water is very essential for our body in the following ways :

• It acts as medium for body reactions and functions.
• It helps in transport of substances in the different parts of the body.
• It helps in digestion of food.
• It helps in removal of waste from the begins.
• It helps in maintaining the body tempture constant.

Question 9.
Why are vitamins and minerals called protective food?
Answer:
Minerals are chemical compounds needed in small quantities for proper growth and function of the body. Vitamins are also very important for proper functioning of the body organs. They protect our body from many diseases and infections. So they are called protective foods.

Question 10.
What is roughage? How is it important for the body?
Answer:
The part of food containing cellulose which is undigestible in nature acts as roughage. It helps in removing all the undigested food, stored in the digestive tracts, outside the body.

Question 11.
What is malnutrition? What are its harmful effects?
Answer:
Malnutrition is caused by deficiency of one or more nutrients in our diet. Protein deficiency causes kwashiorkar in which swelling in body occurs. Protein and carbohydrate deficiency cause marasmus in which leaves body parts leaning and person becomes thin.

Question 12.
What are the causal factors for scurvy and rickets?
Answer:
Scurvy is caused by the deficiency of vitamin ‘C’. In this disease, gums and nose start bleeding. The body bleeds inside. Rickets is caused by the deficiency of vitamin D. In this disease, bones become soft and bend.

Question 13.
Explain the following with suitable examples:
(i) Obesity, (ii) Hypervitaminosis, (iii) Anaemia.
Answer:
(i) Obesity : It is caused by excess eating of fried foods. Fats and carbohydrates are stored in our body and cause obesity. In it too much fats are deposited in the body which is very harmful.

(ii) Hypervitaminosis : It is caused due to excess of vitamin ‘D’. In hypervita-minosis the foot becomes like elephant and becomes very thick.

(iii) Anaemia : It is caused by the deficiency of iron. It is needed for the formation of red-blood cells in our blood. Therefore by the deficiency of iron our body becomes yellow. In this disease, there is a loss of appetite, nails becomes white, swelling appears on our hands and feet and other body parts.

Question 14.
What is the importance of carbohydrates in our body?
Answer:
Carbohydrates act as fuels in our body. It is the only nutrient which combusts frequently and produce energy. Our body use this energy in performing various body functions.

Question 15.
What is meant by P.E.M.? Name the disease caused by P.E.M.
Answer:
The elaborated form of P.E.M. is protein energy malnutrition. The diseases caused by P.E.M. are: (i) Kwashiorkar and (ii) Marasmus.

Question 16.
Explain the importance of proteins in the human body.
Answer:
Protein contains sufficient quantity of amino-acids to maintain a normal functioning of our body. It is required for growth and repairs in our body. It helps in building the new tissues. They also account for the tough fibrous nature of hair and nails. They are parts of our body and help in proper functioning of our body. It can also burn to provide energy in the time of emergency.

Question 17.
How would you test the presence of the following in the given food?
(a) Starch (b) Vitamin C.
Answer:
(a) Test for starch : The material is dissolved in water. To this solution, add some drops of iodine solution. If it turns blue, it shows the presence of starch.

(b) Test for vitamin C : The material is dissolved in water and add some drops of iodine solution in it. Now with the help of a dropper put drop by drop into the blue coloured iodine solution. If the blue colour disappears and brown colour appears, it shows the presence of vitamin C.

Question 18.
What happens when we eat lots of fried food?
Answer:
Fried foods such as noodles, pizza, burgers, potato wafers, chocolate, candies, ice-creams and soft drinks all are harmful to us if we take these in excess and regularly. These fast foods lack in minerals and vitamins. They cause obesity. They increase body weight.

Question 19.
Why do we have to drink lots of water?
Answer:
Water is required to perform several different functions. Our blood is mostly water. In dehydration, blood becomes thicker. Water helps in digestion. It dissolves waste products of the body and these could be removed through urine.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are vitamins? Write the sources of vitamin A, B, C and D. Name the disease caused due to the deficiency of these vitamins.
Answer:
Vitamins are a special group of compounds which are needed by our body only in very small quantities. They do not provide any energy to us, but they are essential components of our diet as they perform specific functions in our body. Some vitamins are water-soluble and some are fat-soluble. Vitamin ‘A’ is a fat-soluble vitamin. Its good sources are fish oil, milk, milk products and carrots. Its deficiency causes night blindness.

Vitamin ‘B’ is water-soluble. It is found in wheat, rice, yeast extract, liver and kidney. Lack of vitamin ‘B’ causes beri-beri.

Vitamin ‘C’ is water-soluble. It is found in citrus fruits, (orange, lemon, lime) and in many fresh vegetables. Lack of vitamin C causes scurvy.

Vitamin ‘D’ is fat soluble. It is found in fish oil, eggs, milk and milk products. Its deficiency causes rickets.

Question 2.
What are the sources and importance of the following minerals:
(a) Calcium, (b) Magnesium, (c) Potassium, (d) Zinc.
Answer:
(a) The main sources of calcium minerals are : Milk, cheese, eggs and green vegetables. It is also found in flour and breads. It helps in formation of bone, teeth and blood clotting. It also helps in muscles activity.

(b) Magnesium is found in cheese and green vegetables. It is found in whole meal bread, milk and fish. It helps in energy transfer and muscles activity. Magnesium is also helpful in bone and teeth formation. It works with calcium and vitamin C.

(c) Potassium is found in meats, fruits and vegetables. It is also found in milk, eggs, cheese, beef and potatoes. Its main function is to maintain balance in blood and tissues fluid. It also helps in nerve impulse conduction.

(d) Zinc is mainly found in onions, liver and green vegetables. Its importance in our diet is that it is an important part of hormone insulin.

Components of Food Class 6 HBSE Notes

1. We get energy from the food we eat. It gives us energy to work and play. It helps us to grow.

2. Food helps us in repairing or replacing damaged cells and tissues. It also protects our body from diseases and infections.

3. Food is an absolute necessity for sustaining body functions.

4. Food has many components; such as carbohydrate, fats, proteins, minerals and vitamins. All these are called nutrients.

5. Water and roughage are also necessary for our diet. They play a vital role in our diet.

6. On the basis of functions, they perform, the components of food may be classified as:

• Energy-giving food: carbohydrates and fats.
• Body-building food : proteins.
• Protective food: vitamins and minerals.
• Roughage and water: roughage helps in digestive system and water’ is essential for the body.

7. Carbohydrate is the main source of energy in our body. Proteins help in repairing of tissues, body building and many other functions.

8. Minerals and vitamins are very essential for our body. They are required in minor quantities for proper growth and body functions.

9. Vitamins are protective foods which are necessary for the well being of the body. They are needed in small quantities for carrying out various biological functions.

10. We should take a balanced diet means which contains all nutrients, such as carbohydrate, fats, proteins, vitamins and minerals in proper proportion. No single food can provide all the nutrients.

11. Over eating is also not good for a person, as he becomes fat and obese. Obesity may cause many diseases.

12. Sources of carbohydrates in our diet are; cereals grains such as corn and sorgham, peas, beans, sugarcane, sugar beet and many fruits such as banana, mango, melons and vegetables.

13. Many processed foods are rich in carbohydrates including breads. Pizzas, burgers, jams and jelleys, dried fruits, sugar and jaggery are also carbohy-drates.

14. Fats are obtained either from animals or from plants. Butter and ghee are obtained from animals. Groundnut oil, soyabean oil and mustard oil are derived from plants. Fats give more energy than carbohydrates.

15. Protein is obtained from animals and from plants both. Milk, fish, meat, ghee and eggs are main sources of animal proteins. Pulses and beans are sources of plant proteins.

16. Children suffering from protein—deficiency have light brown hair, oldman like face, always hungry and have distended stomach.

17. Proper amount of vitamins helps our body to function normally. Lack of vitamin A causes deficiency disease such as night blindness. Deficiency of vitamin B causes beri-beri and deficiency of vitamin ‘C’ causes scurvy.

18. Fibres and roughage is mainly given by plant foods: grains flour, cereals, potatoes, fresh fruits and raw and cooked vegetables provide roughages in our food.

19. If a person does not get adequate food or his/ her diet does not contain all the nutrients, he becomes weak and said to be suffering from malnutrition. Enough food without enough protein causes rickets.

20. Food may be vegetarian/non-vegetarian, balanced or unbalanced, simple or spicy, nourishing or junk food. Deep-fried and roasted foods usually loose their nutritive value.

Haryana State Board HBSE 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 1 Food: Where does it Come From Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 1 Food: Where does it Come From

HBSE 6th Class Science Food: Where does it Come From Textbook Questions and Answers

Exercises

Question 1.
Do you find that all living beings need the same kind of food?
Answer:
No, we know that different organisms eat different kinds of food. For example: animals such as buffallow and cow eat grass, oil cake, hay, grain and leaf. Rat eats grains and leftovers. Lion and tiger eat other animals. Human being eats bread, rice, fruits and vegetables. House lizards eat small insects and crow eats meat and other food items. In this way we can say that different organisms eat different kinds of food.

Question 2.
Name five plants and their parts that we eat.
Answer:

Question 3.
Match the items given in column ‘A’ with that in column ‘B’.

Answer:

• Milk, curd, paneer, ghee : are all animal products.
• Spinach, cauliflower carrot : are vegetables.
• Lions and tigers : eat other animals.
• Herbovorous : eat plants and plant products.

Question 4.
Fill up the blanks with the words given:
Herbivore, plant, milk, sugarcane, carnivore
(a) Tiger is a ________ because it eats only meat.
(b) Deer eats only plant products and so, is called ________.
(c) Parrot eats only ________ products.
(d) The ________ that we drink usually comes from cows, buffaloes and goats is an animal products.
(e) We get sugar from ________.
Answer:
(a) Carnivore
(b) herbivore
(c) plant
(d) milk
(e) sugarcane.

Things To Think About

Question 1.
Answer the following questions:
(a) Does every one around us get enough food to eat? Why?
(b) Write three ways how to avoid wastage of food?
Answer:
(a) Everyone around us does not get enough food to eat, because in our country many people are very poor. Due to lack of money, they do not get sufficient food to eat. High population growth is another factor and our country does not produce enough food for large number of people.

(b) Wastage of food can be prevented by the following methods :

• Food should be kept in close containers to protect it from germs, flies and insects.
• Fruits and vegetables should be washed properly before preparing food or before eating.
• Heating prevents food from spoiling. Many food items can be preserved simply by drying them in the sun.
• Food should be kept in ice box or refrigerators to prevent them from bacterial attack.
• Fruits and vegetables are made into jams and jelleys and pickels.

HBSE 6th Class Science Food: Where does it Come From Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
If a person does not get food, how does he feel?
Answer:
If a person does not get food, he feels weak and tired.

Question 2.
Why do all living beings need food?
Answer:
All living beings need food for getting energy for doing physical work.

Question 3.
If we do not eat food for one day, what will happen?
Answer:
Our ability for doing physical work will go down.

Question 4.
Do all living beings eat same type of food?
Answer:
No, all living beings eat different types of foods.

Question 5.
Which types of foods are eaten by buffalo and cow?
Answer:
They eat grass, oil cake, hay, grain and leaf.

Question 6.
Name three animals which eat only plants.
Answer:

• Cow
• Deer
• Goat.

Question 7.
Name three animals which eat both plants and animals.
Answer:

• Man
• Dog
• Crow.

Question 8.
Name three animals which eat only other animals.
Answer:

• Tiger
• King-fisher
• Vulture.

Question 9.
What is the food of a house lizard?
Answer:
A house lizard eats houseflies, mosquitoes and other insects.

Question 10.
What is the food of a cat?
Answer:
A cat eats small animals, birds, milk, fish and rat etc.

Question 11.
What are those animals called which eat plants and their products only?
Answer:
They are called herbivorous.

Question 12.
Which food items provide us energy?
Answer:
Carbohydrate and fats.

Question 13.
Name two body-building foods.
Answer:

• Milk
• Pulses.

Question 14.
What do carnivorous animals eat?
Answer:
Carnivorous animals eat other animals.

Question 15.
Name three food products we obtain from animals.
Answer:

• Milk
• egg
• meat.

Question 16.
Name three animals that provide us food.
Answer:

• Cow
• buffalo
• goat.

Question 17.
Where do we get honey?
Answer:
We get honey from honey-bees, which is collected from juice of flowers.

Question 18.
Which animals provide us milk and eggs?
Answer:

• Cow and buffalo
• hen.

Question 19.
Write down the names of some edible parts of the plants.
Answer:
Stem, roots and leaves.

Question 20.
Why do we take cooked food?
Answer:
Cooked food can easily be consumed and absorbed by our body.

Question 21.
Name two plants which provide us grains.
Answer:

• Rice
• wheat

Question 22.
Name two oil-yielding plants.
Answer:

• Mustard
• sunflower.

Question 23.
Name three fruit plants.
Answer:

• Mango tree
• papaya
• grapes.

Question 24.
Which type of food eaten by Tamilnadu people?
Answer:
Idli, dosa, sambar and coconut oil.

Question 25.
Which type of food eaten by U.P. people?
Answer:
Chapati, pulses, rice, parantha and vegetables and fruits.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are the different food products obtained from animals?
Answer:
Different food products obtained from animals are milk, egg, honey eat butter, honey, ghee, etc.

Question 2.
Name the animals which provide us milk, egg, meat, honey and fats.
Answer:
We get milk from cow, buffalo, goat and sheep. Eggs are provided to us from hens. Honey is obtained from honey-bees. Meat provided to us from cock, hen, deer, rabbit and buffalo etc. They also provide us fats such as pigs.

Question 3.
From which plants we obtained grains, pulses, oils and fruits? Name two each plants.
Answer:

• Grains : We obtain from rice, wheat and maize, etc.
• Pulses : We get from urad, moong, masoor and gram. etc.
• Oils: Oil yielding plants are mustard, sunflower etc.
• Fruits: Mango, orange, lichi and guava etc.

Question 4.
Name the plants from which we obtained vegetables?
Answer:
We obtain vegetables from carrot, radish, cauliflower, brinjal, cabbage and mustard plants. We obtained vegetables from their roots, stems leaves and fruits.

Question 5.
How is ghee prepared from cow milk?
Answer:
Cow milk is heated and curd is mixed in it. It is then centrifuged to obtain cream. Cream is converted to butter and after heating and filtering we obtain ghee.

Question 6.
Name six plant products which are useful to man.
Answer:
The products of plants which are useful to man are food : such as grains, pulses, oils, fruits and vegetables. We also get different type of spices from plants. We get wood, wax, lakh, silk and fibres from plants. There are so many products which are useful to mankind.

Question 7.
Name some animal products which are useful to man.
Answer:
We obtain many products from , animals. We obtain milk, eggs and meat from different animals. Many animals provide skin and ^ bones which we use in making shoes and fertilizers. Animal wastes are used as manures for improving ‘ soil fertility. They also provide us wool.

Question 8.
Why does our body need nutritious food?
Answer:
The nutritious food protects our body from many diseases and helps in building our body parts. It also helps in digestion and keep our body healthy.

Question 9.
What are the essential nutrients of our body?
Answer:
The essential nutrients of our body are:

• Carbohydrates
• Proteins
• fats
• vitamins
• minerals.

Question 10.
Why do we need carbohydrate?
Answer:
Carbohydrates such as wheat, rice, sugar and potato give us energy. We need energy for doing physical work. This energy is obtained . from carbohydrates. So it is necessary to take carbohydrates in our diet.

Question 11.
Which important mineral does milk give us? Why is it useful?
Answer:
Milk provides us an important mineral; proteins. It is necessary for the building of our ‘ body. Children’s growth and development depends upon proteins. Proteins also help in digestion. Protein also helps in the repairing of our body parts.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write five steps to avoid wastage of food.
Answer:
Steps to avoid wastage of food :

• All concerned must ensure that at every stage of food production, it does not get wasted, spoiled or eaten away by birds, rats and insects.
• During storage it must be protected from spoilage or from being eaten away by rodents and insects.
• While taking our meals ensure that we take only that much quantity of food which we can eat. Nothing should be left in the plate.
• We should eat only that much food which is good for us. Excess intake of food causes obesity.
• We should eat food which is easily available in the region and is seasonal.

Question 2.
What food materials come from animals?
Answer:
Food obtained from animals includes meat, fish, milk, eggs and honey.

• Meat: We get meat from animals such as goat (mutton) and chicken.
• Fish: Many kinds of fish are eaten. Fishes may be fresh water or sea water fish. The quality of food of both types of fish is good.
• Milk : We get milk from animals such as cow, goat and buffalo. Milk is used to make products such as cottage cheese (paneer), cheese, butter, cufds and ghee.
• Eggs : We get eggs from birds such as hen, goose and duck.
• Honey : We get honey from the hive of. honey bees. Honey bees prepare honey using nectar from flowers.

Food: Where does it Come From Class 6 HBSE Notes

1. Food : All living things need energy to do work; they get this energy from the food they eat.

2. Food produces energy which is required to perform various functions to sustain life. It helps us in repairing or replacing damaged cells and tissues.

3. It makes necessary materials for growth and development and reproduction. It also protects our body from disease and infections.

4. Nutrients: All the elements of food such as carbohydrate, fats, proteins, minerals and water and vitamins are essential for maintaining the life process in human
beings, so they are also called nutrients. The amount of various nutrients are different in different foods.

5. Foods are classified on the basis of their action:

• Energy-giving foods (Carbohydrates and fats): Wheat, rice, sugar, potato, oil, ghee, butter, etc.
• Body-building food : (Proteins) : It provides to the body which helps in growth, development, repair and maintenance; milk, pulses, eggs, meat.
• Protective food: This kind of food protects us from some diseases. We get these from fruits, green vegetables and other vegetables.

6. (a) Carbohydrate-rich food : Wheat, rice, potato, sugar, etc.
(b) Protein-rich food: Egg, milk, meat, fish, pulses etc.
(c) Fat-rich food : Oil, ghee, butter, groundnut etc.
(d) Vitamin-containing food: Fruits, green leafy vegetables.
(e) Mineral-containing food: Meat, fish, egg, pulses, etc.

7. On the basis of food habits, animals are divided into three major divisions :
(a) Herbivorous animals : Animals which eat plants or plant products only are called herbivorous animals. Example : Buffalo, cow etc. .

(b) Carnivorous animals : Animals which eat animals that eat plants. Example: Lizard, tiger, frog, vulture etc.

(c) Omnivorous animals : Animals which eat both animals and plants are called omnivorous. Example : Man, crow, dog, cat, etc.

8. There is a variety in the kind of food consumed even within a state.

9. We should grow more food.

10. All of us should use easily and cheaply available food in the region.

11. The food that we produce should not get spoiled or eaten away by animals.

12. Meat, egg, and milk are obtained from animals. There are many such animals that provide us with food.

13. Plants prepare their own food through the process of photosynthesis and all animals depend on their food directly or indirectly from plants.

14. Water constitutes 70% of our body weight and is an important constituent of all body cells.

15. Roughage: Fibrous indigestible materials present in food are termed roughage.

Haryana Board HBSE 6th Class Science Solutions

HBSE 6th Class Science Solutions in English Medium

• Chapter 1 Food: Where does it Come From
• Chapter 2 Components of Food
• Chapter 3 Fibre to Fabric
• Chapter 4 Sorting Materials into Groups
• Chapter 5 Separation of Substances
• Chapter 6 Changes Around Us
• Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants
• Chapter 8 Body Movements
• Chapter 9 The Living Organisms and their Surroundings
• Chapter 10 Motion and Measurement of Distances
• Chapter 11 Light Shadows and Reflection
• Chapter 12 Electricity and Circuits
• Chapter 13 Fun with Magnets
• Chapter 14 Water
• Chapter 15 Air around us
• Chapter 16 Garbage In Garbage Out

HBSE 6th Class Science Solutions in Hindi Medium

• Chapter 1 भोजन: यह कहाँ से आता है?
• Chapter 2 भोजन के घातक
• Chapter 3 तंतु से वस्त्र तक
• Chapter 4 वस्तुओं के समूह बनाना
• Chapter 5 पदार्थों का पृथक्करण
• Chapter 6 हमारे चारों ओर के परिवर्तन
• Chapter 7 पौधों को जानिए
• Chapter 8 शरीर में गति
• Chapter 9 सजीव: विशेषताएँ एवं आवास
• Chapter 10 गति एवं दूरियों का मापन
• Chapter 11 प्रकाश: छायाएँ एवं परावर्तन
• Chapter 12 विद्युत तथा परिपथ
• Chapter 13 चुंबकों द्वारा मनोरंजन
• Chapter 14 जल
• Chapter 15 हमारे चारों ओर वायु
• Chapter 16 कचरा: संग्रहण एवं निपटान

Haryana State Board HBSE 6th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 11 New Empires and Kingdoms Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 6th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 11 New Empires and Kingdoms

HBSE 6th Class History New Empires and Kingdoms Textbook Questions and Answers

Let’s Recall

Question 1.
State whether true or false :

1. Harishena composed a prashasti in praise of Gautamiputra Shri Satakarni.
2. The rulers of Aryavarta brought tribute for Samudragupta.
3. There were twelve rulers in Dakshinapatha.
4. Taxila and Madurai are important centres under the control of the Gupta rulers.
5. Aihole was the capital ofPallavas.
6. The local assemblies functioned for several centuries in South India.

Answer:

1. False
2. True
3. True
4. False
5. False
6. True.

Question 2.
Mention three authors who wrote about Harshvardhana.
Answer:

• Banabhatta (court poet of Harshvardhana).
• Xuan Zang.
• Harshvardhan himself.

Question 3.
What changes do you find in the army at this time?
Answer:
Kings of this time had a large and well maintained army. Except this regular army there were some military leaders who provided king with troops whenever they required. These military leaders were not paid salaries. They collect revenue from the land granted by the king and used collected revenue for maintaining gQod army. Thus during these days the military leaders who provided army to kings were known as ‘Samantas’. At this time ‘Smantas system’ became the important part of army.

Question 4.
What were the new administrative arrangements during this period?
Answer:
New administrative arrangements came into existence during this period. Although the village remained the basic emit of administration, some new developments emerged. Kings adopted several steps to get the support of powerful and influential persons.
→ Some important administrative posts were now hereditary. This means that son succeeded fathers to these posts. For example, the poet Harishena got the post of maha-danda-nayaka or chief judicial officer from his father.

→ Sometimes, one person handled the responsibility of many offices. For example, Harishena was not only a maha-danda-nayaka, but also a kumar- amatya, meaning an important minister and a Sandhi-Vigrahika, meaning a minister of war and peace.

→ Some influential persons like nagara- shreshthi or chief banker or merchant of the city, the Sartharaha or leader of the merchant a caravans, the prathamakulika or the chief craftsman and the head of the kayasthas or scribes had a say in the local administration.

Let’s Discuss

Question 5.
What do you think Arvind would have to do if he was acting as Samudragupta?
Answer:
If Arvind was acting as Samudragupta, he would do what is written on the Ashokan pillar at Allahabad. He would dress up like a warrior. Sometimes, he would sit on the throne in Raj Darbar and would seem busy doing his administrative jobs.

Question 6.
Do you think ordinary people would have read and understand the Prashastis ? Give reasons for your answer.
Answer:
“Prashasti” is a Sanskrit word which means ‘in praise of. Hence, the prashastis are composed in praise of contemporary kings (rulers). They were written by either royal poet or written by the visitors who visited India during this time.

We think ordinary people must read these k prashastis because they can know the glimpse of their recent past and know what was the economic, social and political condition of the state that time.

Let’s Do

Question 7.
If you had to make a genealogy for l yourself, who are the people you would include in it? How many generations would like to show? Make a chart and fill l it. t
Answer:
The word ‘genealogy’ means to make the list of ancestors. Make the list of persons to whom you know 1 very well as with whom your blood relation. The I people I would like to include in my genealogy:

• My father.
• My grandfather.
• The old-grandfather (grandfather of my I father).

At least two generations we would like to include. Related to the above genealogy try to make the chart with the help of your teacher.

Question 8.
How do you think wars affect the lives of ordinary people today?
Answer:
The wars affect the lives of the ordinary people today in the following ways:

• The war causes tremendous loss of life and property.
• Number of people lose their lives during war.
• Daily routine of the life gets affected.
• It gives birth to number of diseases.
• It increases the rate of poverty.

HBSE 6th Class History New Empires and Kingdoms Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Mention the expedition led by Harsha.
Answer:
Harsha conquered both Magadha and Bengal. He tried to cross the Narmada to march into Deccan but was stopped by Pulakesin II, the ruler of the Chalukya dynasty.

Question 2.
What is prashasti?
Answer:
A prashasti is a special kind of inscription written in praise of a ruler or a king.

Question 3.
What happened to the rulers of Aryavarata under Samudragupta’s empire?
Answer:
The nine rulers of Aryavarata were uprooted and their kingdoms were made a part of Samudragupta’s empire.

Question 4.
When did the Arabs conquer Sind?
Answer:
The Arabs conquered Sind (in present Pakistan) about 1300 years ago.

Question 5.
What information we get in the biography of Harshacharita?
Answer:
In the biography of Harshacharita, we came to know about the genealogy of King Harsha and ends with his becoming king.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What do we know about Pulakeshin II from his prashasti?
Answer:

• Pulakeshin II’s prashasti tells us about his ancestors who are traced back through four generations from father to son.
• Pulakeshin evidently got the kingdom from his uncle.
• He led expeditions along both the west and the east coasts.
• He checked the advance of Harsha.

Question 2.
What do you know about Allahabad Pillar Inscription?
OR
State the military achievement of Samudragupta as given in the Allahabad inscription.
Answer:
The most authentic source of information about Samudragupta’s conquests are given in Allahabad Pillar inscription, composed by his poet Harisena. It tells us that Samudragupta was not only a conqueror but also an able administrator. It also tells us detailed about the rulers against whom he waged campaigns.

Question 3.
Why did Harsha change (shift) his capital?
Answer:
When Harshavardhana ascended the throne his kingdom was threatened by the rulers of Bengal and Gujarat. After the accession his first task was to rescue his sister Rajyashri. Then he united the kingdoms of Thanesar and Kannauj. Thereafter, he change his capital from Thanesar to Kannauj. Harsha then strengthened his position and then set out on a long campaign of conquests in north-India.

Question 4.
What were the kinds of‘Assemblies in the Southern Kingdom’?
Answer:

• The Sabha: The inscriptions of the Pallavas mention a number of local assemblies. Sabha was an assembly of Brahmin land owners. The sub-committees of Sabha looked after irrigation, agricultural operations, making roads, local temples, etc.
• The Ur: The ‘Ur’ was a village assembly found in areas where the land owners were not Brahmins.
• Nagram : ‘Nagram’ was an organisation of merchants. These assemblies were probably controlled by rich and powerful landowners and merchants.

Question 5.
How did the Gupta administration differ from that of the Mauryan administration?
Answer:
The governors of the provinces were more independent than they had been in Mauryan times. The provinces were divided into districts and the people of the districts were asked to the help in the administration. There were district councils to advise the governor, and these councils consisted not only of the officers out also of citizens from the towns. Paying the salaries of the officers by land grants instead of money which meant that the king did not have much control over the officers as had the Maurya Kings.

Question 6.
Describe the achievement of Gupta period in the Held of science.
Answer:
The Gupta contributed significantly towards the development of science. Aryabhatta, the famous astronomer and mathematician lived during this period. He wrote the Aiyabhatta and Surya’s Siddhanta which describes the details of solar and lunar eclipses. He reaffirmed that the earth revolves round the sun and rotates on its axis.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
The Pallavas and the Chalukya were the most important ruling dynasties in India during Harsha’s period. Explain the statement.
Answer:
Indeed, the Pallavas and the Chalukyas were the most important ruling dynasties in South India during Harsha’s period.
1. The kingdom of Pallavas spread from the region around their capital, Kanchipuram to the Kaveri delta, while that of the Chalukyas was centered around the Raichur Doab, between the rivers Krishna and Tungabhadra.

2. The Pallavas and Chalukyas frequently attacked one another’s areas, particularly they attacked the capital cities, which were prosperous towns.

3. Aihole, the capital of the Chalukyas, was an important trading and commercial centre. Initially this town developed as a religious centre, with a number of temples.

4. During the days of Pulakeshin II the Chalukyas defeated Harsha of Kanauj and Thanesar. But this victory was short lived.

5. Ultimately, both the Pallavas and the Chalukyas gave way to new rulers belonging to Rashtrakuta and Chola dynasties.

Question 2.
What is written about Harshvardhana by Banabhatta and Xu an Zang?
Answer:
Banabhatta wrote about Harshvar-dhana in Harshacharita in Sanskrit. He wrote about the genealogy of Harsha till he became king.
Xuan Zang also spent a lot of time at Harsha’s court and wrote in detail about him.
We come to know that:

• Harsha was not the eldest son of his father, but became the king of Thanesar after both his father and elder brother died.
• Harsha attacked the ruler of Bengal as he had killed his brother who was the ruler of Kanauj.
• Harsha was successful in the east and conquered both Magadha and Bengal.
• Harsha was, however, not successful elsewhere.
• Harsha tried to cross the Narmada to march into Deccan, but was stopped by a ruler belonging to the Chalukya dynasty, Pulakeshin II.

Question 3.
Discuss the life of the ordinary people in Harsha’s period.
Answer:
We come to know about the life of the ordinary people in Harsh’s period through literary sources.
(a) The plays written by Kalidasa depict the life of people in court. The ruler and the Brahmins are shown as speaking Sanskrit while women and men other than ruler and Brahmin use Prakrit.

(b) The most famous play of Kalidasa Abhijanans Shakuntalam, is the story of love between the king named Dushyanta and a young woman named Shakuntala. We find an interesting and impressive description of the plight (condition) of a poor fisherman in this play. This character of the play (i.e., the fisherman) found a costly ring, which the king (Dushyanta) had given to Shakuntala, but which had been accidently swallowed by a fish. When he went to the palace with that ring, the gateman (of the palace) accused him of theft and the chief police officer was rather rude. However, the king was happy when he saw the ring and sent a reward for the fisherman. Then the police officer and the gateman decided to take a share of the reward, and went along with the fisherman to have a drink.

(c) During the reign of Chandragupta II, the Chinese pilgrim Fa Xian noticed the plight of those who were treated as untouchables by the high and mightly people of the Indian society of those days. They were expected to live on the outskirts of the city (capital city-Pataliputra was referred by Fa Xian). He writes, “If such a man enters a town or a market place, he strikes a piece of wood, in order to keep himself separate, people, hearing his sound, know what it means and avoid touching him or brushing against him.”

New Empires and Kingdoms Class 6 HBSE Notes

• The Hunas : The foreign tribe from Central Asia attacked India in the fifth century A.D.
• Murals : The wall paintings in the Ajanta caves.
• Nayannars : The devotees of Shiva.
• Zend Avesta : The sacred book of the ZoroastriAnswer:
• Brahmi: A script used in ancient times in India.
• Maharajadhiraja : The king of kings.
• Sculptures: A work of art that is solid figure or object made by cutting and shaping woods, stones, clay, metal, etc.
• Devadasis : The women employed to serve the deities in the temple.
• Prashasti : It is a Sanskrit word which means ‘in praise of . These were composed in praise of kings.
• Tribute : Cash paid/gift paid/payment made by one ruler to another in lieu of protection against any other king.
• Land-grants: Land allotted to some powerful men from where he can collect land revenue and render his military services to the king.
• Vishyapati : Head of the district during Gupta empire.
• Kumaramatyas : These were the official incharge at provincial level during Vardhan age.

Haryana State Board HBSE 6th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 12 Buildings, Paintings, and Books Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 6th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 12 Buildings, Paintings, and Books

HBSE 6th Class History Buildings, Paintings, and Books Textbook Questions and Answers

Let’s Recall:

Question 1.
Match the following :

Answer:

Question 2.
Fill in the blanks :

1. ________ was a great astronomer.
2. Stories about the gods and goddesses are found in the ________.
3. ________ is recognised as the author of the Sanskrit Ramayana.
4. ________ and ________ are two Tamil epics.

Answer:

1. Aryabhatta
2. Puranas
3. Valmiki
4. Silappadikaram, Manimekalai.

Let’s Discuss:

Question 3.
Make a list of the chapters in working. What are the metals which you find mention of metals objects mentioned or shown in those chapters?
Answer:
List of the chapters in which we find mention of metal working :

• In the earliest cities..
• What Books and Burials Tell us.
• Kingdoms, Kings and An Early Republic.
• Vital Villages, Thriving Towns.
• Traders, Kings and Pilgrims.

Question 4.
Read the story on page 130. In what ‘ ways is the monkey king similar to or different from the kings you read about in Chapter 6 and 11?
Answer:
The monkey king had similar powers as other kings. He is intelligent, diplomatic and brave. He has the ability to take right decisions. When he observes the situation of the attack on his community by the King’s men, he makes a quick plan to save his army. First, he let all of them cross the river. As he is the last, he gets tired and exhausted. He falls down and is dead. This way, he proves himself to be a great protector and saviour of his army and kingdom. He has all the good qualities that a good human king possesses.

Question 5.
Find out more and tell a story from one of the epics.
Answer:
The epics like Ramayana and Mahabharata teach us a lot from their stories.

One of the stories of Mahabharata runs like this: Yudhishtra, the victor in the Kurukshetra war, ruled the Kuru kingdom wisely. After sometime, his brothers and Draupadi decided to retire to the forest to lead an austere life. On the day, they were leaving, two Brahmins approached Yudhishtra. Brahmin A told him that he had bought a piece of land from Brahmin B for building a house, and having paid the money, he had legally registered the dead. When he started to dig the land for laying the foundation he had discovered a pot of gold.

Brahmin B came to know about this and was claiming the gold as it was his ancestors who had obtained the title for the land, whatever was found in the land automatically belonged to him. Yudhishtra heard the two Brahmins and turned to Bhima who was nearby. He wanted to know what Bhima thought of the dispute. Bhima told his brother, “Respected elder brother, yesterday these two Brahmins came to me with the same problem.

Brahmin A, the new owner of the land, said that he had only bought the land and hence had no claim over the treasure. But Brahmin B would have nothing of it. The treasure came from the land which now belonged to Brahmin A, he said. In fact, they are telling just the opposite of what they are presenting today. This means that from today Dwaparayuga is over and Kaliyuga is bom.” In Kaliyuga, where we live, morals are : completely dead.

Let’s Do:

Question 6.
List some steps that can be taken to make buildings and monuments accessible to differently abled people.
Answer:
Round, tall, big and small buildings and monuments are accessible to differently abled people. In these buildings bodily remains of abled can be kept. Their teeth,, bones, ashes, clothes can also be placed there.

Question 7.
Try and list as many uses of paper you can.
Answer:
Uses of paper:

• It is used for printing books.
• It is used for making note-books on which we write.
• It is used for making post-cards, inland post-cards and acrogroms through which we can convey message from one part to another.
• Paper is also used for making postal stamps and revenue stamps.
• Our currency is also made up of paper.

Question 8.
If you could visit any one of the places described in this chapter which one would you choose and why?
Answer:
If we visited Delhi, definitely we would like to visit Mehrauli. The Iron Pillar situated at Mehrauli is the one of the finest example of the skill of Indian crafts persons. It is made of Iron and weighted over three tonnes. The height of the pillar is about 7.2 m and it was made 1500 years ago. On this pillar the date of Chandragupta (ruler of Gupta empire) was clearly mentioned. Even today this pillar look like so as it was 1500 years ago.

We visited there because at this place we can get the glimpse of‘Golden Age’ of Indian History. We can get exact date about the Gupta Dynasty and their extent of empire.

HBSE 6th Class History Buildings, Paintings, and Books Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question 1.
How do we come to know that Iron Pillar at Mehrauli was made about 1500 years ago?
Answer:
We came to know about the date of Iron Pillar because there is an inscription on the pillar mentioning a ruler named Chandra, who probably belonged to the Gupta dynasty.

Question 2.
What are epics?
Answer:
Epics are grand, long compositions about heroic men and women, and include stories about gods.

Question 3.
What is a pradakshina patha? Why was it built.
Answer:
Pradakshina patha was laid around the stupa. Devotees walked on this path to pay their

Short Answer Type Questions:

Question 1.
How were stupas and temples built?
Answer:
Building stupas and temples was not an ordinary job. It needed huge,wealth which only kings or queens could afford.

There were several stages in building a stupa or temple. Firstly, good quality stone had to be found, quarried and transported to the place that was often carefully selected for the new building. Secondly, these rough blocks of stone had to be shaped and covered into pillars, and panels for walls, floors and ceilings. Thirdly, these had to be placed in precisely the right position. Kings and queens spend money from their treasury to pay the crafts persons.

Question 2.
Describe the paintings at Ajanta.
Answer:

• Most of the paintings inside the dark caves were done in the light of torches.
• The colours of the paintings are vivid even after 1500 years.
• The colours were made of plants and minerals.
• The artists who created these splendid works of art remain unknown.

Question 3.
Give a brief description of the iron Pillar at Mehrauli.
Answer:
The Iron Pillar at Mehrauli is a remarkable example of the skill of the Indian artisans and craftspersons. It is made of iron, is 7.2 m high and weighs about 3 tonnes. It was made about 1500 years ago and has not rusted in all these years. It was probably made by a ruler of the Gupta dynasty.

Question 4.
In your own words, write the story about the Tamil epic ‘Silappadikaram’.
Answer:
The Tamil epic Silappadikaram was composed by a poet named Ilango. It is a story of a merchant named Kovalan, who lived in Puhar, and fell in love with the court girl Madhavi. Kovalan neglected his wife Kannagi. Later Kovalan and Kannagi left Puhar and went to Madurai. Kovalan was wrongly accused of theft by the court jeweller of the Pandya king. The king sentenced Kovalan to death. Kannagi’ destroyed the entire city of Madurai. She was full of grief and anger.

Long Answer Type Questions:

Question 1.
Write the salient features of earliest Hindu temples.
Answer:
Some Hindu temples were also built during this period. The deities worshipped in these shrines were Vishnu, Shiva and Durga. The most important part of the temple was the garbhagriha which was a room where the image of the chief deity was placed. It was at this place that priests performed religious rituals and devotees offered worship to the deity.

The garbhagriha had a tower known as the shikhara built on its top. This marked the place as a sacred one. Building shikharas require careful planning. Most temples also had a mandapa. This was a hall like structure meant for common people to assemble.

Mahabalipuram and Aihole in south India were famous for their temples. These were stone temples. The monolithic temples of Mahabalipuram were very beautiful. Each of these temples was carved out of a huge, single piece of stone. It is therefore known as monoliths. The Durga temple at Aihole was built about 1400 years ago.

Question 2.
Describe the development of architecture under Satavahanas.
Answer:
Architecture : Marked progress was made in the field of architecture. The Satavahana rulers took interest in building caves, viharas and monasteries. Chaityas or large halls with a number of columns and stupas. Most of the rock caves in the Deccan were cut during this period. The caves, monasteries, chaityas and stupas of Orissa, Nasik, Karle and Bhuj are fine specimen of contemporary architecture and decoration.

Chaitya was a large hall with a number of columns. The vihara had a central hall. The Chaitya of Karle was most famous. It is 40 metres long, 15 metres wide and 15 metres high. It has rows of 15 columns on each side. Each of these columns is built on a stair like square plinth. Each pillar has a capital figure of an elephant, a horse of a rider on the top. The viharas were meant as places of residence for the monks. At Nasik there are three viharas carrying the inscriptions of Gautamiputra and Nahapana.

The most famous of these monuments are the stupas. Among them the Amaravati Stupa and Nagarjunakonda Stupa are most famous. The stupa was a large round structure built over some relic of the Buddha. The Amaravati Stupa measures 162 metres across the base and its height is 100 ft. Both these stupas are full of sculptures.

Question 3.
How were stupas and temples built?
Answer:
(i) Good quality stone was found, quarried and transported to the place that was often carefully chose for the new building.

(ii) Rough blocks of stones were shaped and carved into pillars and panels for walls, floors and ceilings.

(iii) They were often placed in precisely the right position.

(iv) The money for the temples and stupas was got from:

• Kings and queens spent money from their treasury to pay the crafts persons.
• The gifts from devotees were used to decorate the buildings.

(v) Merchants, farmers, garland makers, perfumers, smiths and hundreds of men and women also paid for decorations and their names we re inscribed on pillars, railings and walls.

Buildings, Paintings, and Books Class 6 HBSE Notes

• Puranas : The puranas are 18 in number. The Puranas are valuable to historians and antiquarians as a source of political history on account of the genealogies even though they can be used with great caution and care.
• Gandhara School of Art: A form of art that flourished and developed around Gandhara and had a Greek influence.
• Mathura School of Art: A form of art that developed and flourished around Mathura and was totally in Indian style.
• Stupa: the dome-shaped semi-spherical building is known as a stupa which contains the relics of Buddha.
• Chaityas : The halls in which Buddhist monks offer their prayer.
• Viharas : Monasteries for Buddhist monks are known as Viharas.
• Shikhara : It means a very high square and storeyed tower.
• Mandapa: A gathering place for the people, the temple campus, or a place in the temple where people could assemble.
• Garbhagriha : A place or room in a temple where the images of the chief deities were placed.
• Silappadikaram : Silappadikaram was the oldest Tamil epic composed by Ilango 1800 years ago.
• Manimekalai : Manimekalai is another well-known epic of Tamil literature composed by Sattanar around 1400 years ago.

Haryana State Board HBSE 6th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 1 What, Where, How and When? Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 6th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 1 What, Where, How and When?

HBSE 6th Class History What, Where, How and When? Textbook Questions and Answers

LET’S RECALL

Question 1.
Match the following :

Answer:

Question 2.
List one major difference between manuscripts and inscriptions.
Answer:
Manuscripts are the hand written account of contemporary event. These were written by the few learned people of their age in different languages and scripts, while inscriptions are engraved either on a stone surface or on metal or bricks.

LET’S DISCUSS

Question 3.
Return to Rasheeda’s questions. Can you think of some answers to it ?
Answer:
One can know what happened so many years ago through :
(a) Manuscripts
(b) Inscriptions
(c) Old objects recovered from excavations

Question 4.
Make a list of all the objects that archaeologists may find. Which of these could be made of stone ?
Answer:
Archaeologists study the remains of buildings made of stones and bricks that have

survived, paintings and sculptures. They find tools, weapons, pots, pans, ornaments and coins. The objects which were made of stone were :
(i) Tools
(ii) Weapons

Question 5.
Why do you think ordinary men and women did not generally keep records of what they did ?
Answer:
We think ordinary men and women did not generally keep records of what they did. This is due to following reasons :
(i) They lacked writing potential and historical sense.
(ii) Some of them were not literate even after the knowledge of the script.
(iii) They did not know the importance of keeping records of the events.

Question 6.
Describe at least two ways in which you think the lives of kings would have been different from those of the farmers.
Answer:
The lives of kings would have been different from those of the farmers in the following two ways :
(i) The kings set-up large kingdoms and lived in big palaces; the farmers used to live in huts or in very small houses.
(ii) The kings kept records of their daily life and victories. The farmers did not keep any such records.

LET’S DO

Question 7.
Find the word crafts persons on page 1 (Textbook). List at least live different crafts that you know about today. Are the crafts persons:
(a) men
(b) women
(c) both men and women ?
Answer:
Crafts Persons:
A craft person is a person who is perfect in his occupation. Today, we came to know about different crafts, and craftsmen. Following are the name of some perfect craft persons :
(i) Architecture
(ii) Scientists
(iii) Musicians
(iv) Artists
(v) Businessmen/women.
Today both men and women are craft persons, because in the sphere of globalisation each and every one has equal rights to excel well (or to deliver his best).

Question 8.
What were the subjects on which books were written in the past ? Which of these would you like to read ?
Answer:
In the past a number of books dealt with all kinds of subject were written i.e., religious beliefs and religious practices, medicine, science and the lives of the kings. Except these books, epics, poems and plays were also written.

HBSE 6th Class History What, Where, How And When? Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Who were skilled gatherers ?
Answer:
Skilled gatherers were people who gathered their foods from one place to another.

Question 2.
Where was rice first grown ?
Answer:
Rice was first grown to the north of the Vindhyas mountains.

Question 3.
Name the two words which we use for our country.
Answer:
The two words we use for our country are India and Bharat.

Question 4.
What are tributaries ?
Answer:
Tributaries are small rivers that mixed into a large river.

Question 5.
Why did people move from place to place ?
Answer:
People moved from place to place in search of their livelihood also to escape from natural disasters like floods or droughts.

Question 6.
What forms the natural frontiers of the subcontinent ?
Answer:
Hills, mountains and seas together forms the natural frontiers of the subcontinent.

Question 7.
How did the movements of people enrich our culture traditions ?
Answer:
People share new techniques of carving stone, composing music, and even cooking food to enrich our cultural traditions.

Question 8.
Why were manuscripts called so ?
Answer:
Manuscripts were called so because they were written by hand on palm leaf.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Who are archaeologist ? What do they do ?
Answer:
People who study the objects of the past are archaeologists. They study the remains of the buildings, made of stone and brick, as well as paintings and sculptures. They also use tools, weapons, pots, pans, ornaments and coins for further enquiry. They even look for bones of animals, birds and fishes to find out what they ate in the past.

Question 2.
What are the advantages of writing on a hard surface ? What could have been the difficulties ?
Answer:
The advantages of writing on a hard surface like stone or metal is that it cannot be destroyed by pests. The stones and rocks could be easily handled over long distances. It would have been difficult to write on hard material.

Question 3.
How were the dates counted in the past ?
Answer:
In the past dates were usually counted from the date which is generally assigned to the birth of Jesus Christ, the founder of Christianity. So if we say 2000 it means 2000 years after the birth of Christ. All dates before the birth of Christ are counted backwards and usually have the letters B.C. (Before Christ) added on.

Question 4.
What are inscriptions ? What did they contain ?
Answer:
Inscriptions are writings on hard material, such as stone or metal. Sometimes the kings got their orders inscribed, so that people could read and obey them. There were other kind of inscriptions as well, where men and women (including kings and queens).

Question 5.
How does the study of ancient Indian history help us to understand the present ?
Answer:
The study of ancient Indian history help us to understand the present day problems and find out solution to those problems. We never opted for an autocratic regime. In India, we had ‘democracy’ where the ministers carried out the administration according to the code of rules. We also had monarchies where the kings always remain anxious to promote the welfare of their subjects. From the given extract of Ashoka’s edict the present day ministers or the rulers of the country or province, etc., should learn how Ashoka cared for his subjects.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Describe the movements of people from one part of the subcontinent to another.
Answer:
The movements of people from one part of the subcontinent to another could be discussed under the following heads :
(a) Purpose :
(i) Men and women moved in search of livelihood.
(ii) They moved to escape from natural disasters like floods or droughts.
(iii) Sometimes men marched in armies, conquering others’ lands.
(iv) Merchants travelled with caravans or ships, carrying valuable goods from place to place.
(v) Religious teachers travelled from one place to another giving instructions and advice.
(vi) Some people travelled by a spirit of adventure.

(b) Difficulties encountered:
The journeys of the travellers was made difficult by the hills and high mountains including the Himalayas, deserts, rivers and seas.

Question 2.
How did India’ get so many names ?
Answer:
(a) Two of the words we generally used for our country are India and Bharat. The word India comes from the Indus called Sindhu in Sanskrit.

(b) The Iranians and the Greeks who came through the northwest about 2500 years ago, were familiar with the Indus, called it the Hindos or the Indos. The land to the east of the river (i.e., the Indus) called India.

(c) The name Bharat was used by a group of people who lived in the northwest, and who are mentioned in Rigveda, the earliest composition in Sanskrit (dated to about 3500 years ago). Later, it was used for the country.

Question 3.
Where did the early cities develop in India ?
Answer:
About 4700 years ago, some of the earliest cities (Harappa, Mohenjodaro, Lothal, Chun-ho-daro, Rupar, Banwali, Kalibangan, Surkotada, etc.) flourished on the banks of the Indus and its tributaries. And other early cities developed on the banks of the Ganga and its tributaries and along the coasts about 2500 years ago.

Question 4.
Why do we use the word ‘pasts’ (in plural) instead of word ‘past’ (in singular) ?
Answer:
We use the word ‘pasts’ in plural to draw attention to the fact that the past was different for different groups of people. For example :

• People followed different practices and customs in different parts of the country.
• The lives of herders or farmers was different from those of kings and queens.

Question 5.
Who are archaeologists ? What do they do ?
Answer:
Archaeologists are the persons who study the objects that were made and used in the past.

• They study the remains of the buildings made of stone and brick, paintings and sculpture.
• They also explore and excavate (dig under the surface of the earth) to find tools, weapons, pots, pans, ornaments and coins.
• Archaeologists study bones of animals, birds and fish to find out what people ate in the past.

What, Where, How and When? Class 6 HBSE Notes

• Manuscript: Hand written account of contemporary event is called Manuscript.
• Inscription : Inscriptions are the writing engraved on stones, rocks and pillars.
• Archaeology: Archaeology is the study of remains of past.
• History: The period for which we have written records is called History.
• Pre-history: The period for which we have no written records is called Pre-history.
• Historian: A person who deals with the study of history is called a Historian.
• Archaeologist: A person who studies the early history and culture of human civilization from their material is known as Archaeologist.
• Script: The form in which a language is written is called the Script.
• Epigraphy: Study of inscriptions is called Epigraphy.

Haryana Board HBSE 6th Class Social Science Solutions

Haryana Board HBSE 6th Class Social Science Solutions Geography: The Earth: Our Habitat

• Chapter 1 The Earth in the Solar System
• Chapter 2 Globe: Latitudes and Longitudes
• Chapter 3 Motions of the Earth
• Chapter 4 Maps
• Chapter 5 Major Domains of the Earth
• Chapter 6 Major Landforms of the Earth
• Chapter 7 Our Country India
• Chapter 8 India: Climate Vegetation and Wildlife

Haryana Board HBSE 6th Class Social Science Solutions History: Our Pasts – I

• Chapter 1 What, Where, How and When?
• Chapter 2 On The Trail of the Earliest People
• Chapter 3 From Gathering to Growing Food
• Chapter 4 In the Earliest Cities
• Chapter 5 What Books and Burials Tell Us
• Chapter 6 Kingdoms, Kings and An Early Republic
• Chapter 7 New Questions and Ideas
• Chapter 8 Ashoka, The Emperor Who Gave Up War
• Chapter 9 Vital Villages, Thriving Towns
• Chapter 10 Traders, Kings and Pilgrims
• Chapter 11 New Empires and Kingdoms
• Chapter 12 Buildings, Paintings, and Books

Haryana Board HBSE 6th Class Social Science Solutions Civics: Social and Political Life – I

• Chapter 1 Understanding Diversity
• Chapter 2 Diversity and Discrimination
• Chapter 3 What is Government
• Chapter 4 Key Elements of a Democratic Government
• Chapter 5 Panchayati Raj
• Chapter 6 Rural Administration
• Chapter 7 Urban Administration
• Chapter 8 Rural Livelihoods
• Chapter 9 Urban Livelihoods