Bhagya

Haryana State Board HBSE 10th Class English Solutions Letter Writing Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 10th Class English Letter Writing

Letter Writing

A. Letters Making Orders

1. Write a letter to M/s Azad Hind Book Stores, Court Road, Bengaluru, placing an order for some books you urgently need. You may sign yourself as Rajeshwari of 151, Kachi Guda Crossing, Hyderabad.

151, Kachi Guda Crossing
Hyderabad
Sept. 18, 20…….
M/s Azad Hind Book Stores,
Court Road,
Bengaluru

Subject: Order for books.

Dear Sirs,
I need some books of 10th class. Your goodself is requested to send me the following books as per V.P.P. as early as possible.
1. Deepak English Guide for X class                  4 copies
2. Deepak Science Guide for X class                 4 copies
3. Deepak Hindi Guide for X class                     4 copies
4. Deepak Guess Papers-cum-Model Test Papers, X class
(English, Hindi, Maths, Science)                         2 copies each
Please pack the books properly and send these at an early date.
Thanking you,

Yours faithfully
Rajeshwari

2. You are Kamal Verma of 77, Exchange Road, Kanpur. Write a letter to the Manager, Indian Bakery, ordering some items of your choice suitable for a picnic party of ten friends.

77, Exchange Road
Kanpur
November 28, 20…….

The Manager
Indian Bakery
Kanpur
Subject: Order for bakery items.
Sir,
1 and some of my friends are having a picnic party next week. You are requested to supply us the following

items of bakery by next Sunday :
1. Special pastries (with chocolate flavour)                         20 pieces
2. Cream rolls                                                                      20 pieces
3. Coconut Cookies                                                             5 packets
4. Waffers                                                                            5 packets
5. Patties                                                                              10 pieces
Please be careful about the quality of all these items.
Thanking you,

Yours sincerely
Kamal Verma

3. Write a letter on behalf of Pankaj Crockeries, Rajguru Market, Hisar to a firm in Faridabad, placing order for some items of crockery.

Pankaj Crockeries
50, Rajguru Market, Hisar
August 25, 20…….

Messers Ram Chander & Co.
Main Bazar Faridabad
Subject: Order for crockery items.
Dear Sirs,
I need some crockery items for my shop. I request your goodself to send me the following crockery items at the earliest as per your own conveyance.
1. Rice plates                                                             100 pieces
2. Rice dongas                                                          10 pieces
3. Vegetable dongas                                                 50 pieces
4. Coffee mugs                                                          150 pieces
5. Teacups                                                                 100 pieces
Please be careful in packing of these items. Send the bill alongwith these items and payment will be deposited in your bank account immediately after receiving the bill and items.
Thanks,

Yours sincerely
Manager
Pankaj Crockeries

4. You are Nisha, librarian of G.S.S. School, A.B.C. Write a letter to the sales manager for placing an order for the books for your school library.

The librarian
GS.S. School A.B.C
16th April, 20…….

The Sales Manager
XYZ

1. Life History of Stephen Fleming                         10 copies
2. Discovery of India (English)                                10 copies
3. Bharat EK Khoj (Hindi)                                        5 copies
4. Oxford Learners Dictionary                                5 copies
5. Godan                                                                 5 copies
Publication A.B.C.
Subject: Order for the books.
Sir,
With reference to the above cited subject your goodself is requested to send me the following books for our school library. The list follows as :
Please send the books at the earliest as per your own convenience. Please check the quality and quantity of the books carefully before packing and do the packing carefully. Payment will be made cash at the time of delivery.
Thanks,

Yours faithfully
Nisha

B. Letters Making Inquiries and Giving Suggestions

1. Write a letter to a goods transport company asking for their freight.

Harish Garments
Ambala Cantt.
10 May, 20…….

The Sandhu Transport Company
G T. Road, Ludhiana
Subject: Regarding freight inquiry.
Sir,
1 have a garments shop at Ambala Cantt. I purchase cloth from Ludhiana. Every Sunday twenty knots of cloth arrive to me from Ludhiana to Ambala through railway but I am willing to hire the services of a transport company. So that the material may reach to me by road at my door. Kindly send me the freight list of your transport company. So that I may place an early order. Please take it most urgent.
Thanking you,

Yours faithfully
Harish Kumar

2. Write a letter to M/s Vikrant Electronics, Circular Road, Bengaluru asking for the price list of pre-recorded music cassettes of some of the latest Hindi films. You may sign yourself as David of 110, Moti Bagh, Lucknow.

110, Moti Bagh
Lucknow
January 15, 20…….

M/s Vikrant Electronics
Circular Road
Bengaluru
Subject: Inquiry about the price list.
Dear Sir,
I run a music shop in Lucknow. I wish to purchase in bulk quantity some of the pre-recorded cassettes of latest Hindi films. You are requested to let me know your price list for the music cassettes of the following films:
1. Airlift
2. Bahubali
3. Drishyam
4. Bajrangi Bhaijaan
5. Neeija
Please send me the information soon so that I may place an early order.
Thanking you,

Yours faithfully
David

3. M/s Kanchan Cookware, Delhi Gate, Ajmer, have advertised a scheme to exchange old pots and pans with non-stick wares. Write a letter to the manager of the firm enquiring about the terms and conditions of the scheme. Sign yourself as Mrs Sneha Gupta of Park Lane, Kota.

Park Lane
Kota
October 15, 20…….

The Manager
Kanchan Cookware
Delhi Gate, Ajmer
Subject: Enquiry about the terms and conditions of the scheme.
Sir,
I read your advertisement in the Hindustan Times. You have advertised that you have a scheme to exchange old pots and pans with non-stick cookwares.

I am interested in exchanging some old pots and pans with non-stick wares. You are requested to kindly let me know the details about your scheme. Kindly also write whether you can send the goods through railway parcel.
Thanking you,

Yours sincerely
Sneha Gupta

4. Write a letter to a firm of furniture, asking for quotation of prices for furniture for offices and homes. Inquire also about the concession and commission given and the credit facilities.

Bharat Bhushan and Co.
Gandhi Market, Rajgarh
February 15, 20…….

M/s Avon Street Furniture
6/12, Noida
Ghaziabad
Subject: Demand for quotation of prices.
Dear Sirs,
We wish to buy furniture of different kinds for offices and homes. Our demand is immediate. Please send us quotation of prices of all kinds and qualities of furniture supplied by you.

We would also like to know how much commission and concession you offer to your customers. And also let us know the credit facilities which you are ready to give us.
Thanking you,

Yours sincerely
Manager
Bharat Bhusan & Co.

5. Write a letter to M/s Usha Sales Limited, Mumbai, requesting them to send you the price list of the models of sewing machines available with them. Also enquire how soon they can execute your order. Sign yourself as Jack.

CU 104, Pitampura
New Delhi
August 25, 20…….

M/s Usha Sales Limited
Andheri (West)
Mumbai
Subject: For the price list of sewing machines.
Dear Sirs,
We need twenty new Usha sewing machines. You are requested to kindly send us the price list of various models of Usha sewing machines available with you. Please mention the rates of each model including all taxes.

We need these machines urgently. So you are requested to inform us how soon you can deliver the goods.
Thanking you,

Yours faithfully
Jack

C. Letters of Complaints and Suggestions

1. Write a letter to the S.H.O. of your locality reporting about the theft that occurred in your house.

Randhir Kapoor
H.No. 2597, Housing Board Colony
Ambala Cantt.
10 October, 20…….

The S.H.O.
Police station
Ambala Sadar
Subject: Regarding theft in my house.
Sir,
I request yourself that today I went to market with my wife and son at 7p.m. All the rooms and the main gate were locked. When I returned home from the market at 9.30 p.m. I found that the main gate door was safe but the house locks were broken. Some thieves jumped over the wall and comitted the crime. When I reached the house I found that fifty thousand rupees cash, ten tolas jewellery, gas cylinder, Samsung LED 48″ and clothes have been stolen. Please register a complaint and oblige me by making a swift search in this case.
Thanks,

Yours faithfully
Randhir Kapoor
999111xxxx

2. You bought some goods from M/s Scientific Goods Emporium and found them in broken condition. Write a letter to them asking to replace the goods immediately.

35, Daya Basti 9-A, Mahesh
Nagar Ambala Cantt
May 29, 20……….

M/s Scientific Goods Emporium
Kamal
Subject: Complaint about broken scientific goods.
Respected Sir,
We ordered you the following scientific goods:
1. Ammeter – 5 pieces
2. Anemometer – 10 pieces
3. Audiometer – 10 pieces
4. Barograph – 5 pieces
But we found all these goods in broken condition. These goods were not packed properly. They are not in condition to use. You are requested to take these goods back at your cost and send us the goods in good condition in a properly packed parcel.
Thanking you,

Yours faithfully
Neeraj Kumar

3. Write a complaint to the General Manager, Haryana Roadways, Kaithal. Write that the conductor of the bus misbehaved with you. Be specific in your complaint.
Or
You are Sonia. Write a letter to the General Manager of Haryana Roadways complaining about the problem of smoking in running buses.

987, Pratap Nagar
Kaithal
March 25, 20………..

The General Manager
Haryana Roadways
Kaithal
Subject: Complaint against the bus conductor.
Sir,
I wish to complain against the rude behaviour of one of the conductors of the Haryana Roadways, Kaithal Depot. On 20th March, 20…….. I boarded the bus No. HR08F-4498 from Sirsa for going to Hisar. The bus started at 10 a.m. After some time, the conductor started smoking a cigarette. This was a clear violation of the rules. It was clearly written in the bus : “No smoking.” I told the conductor that if he himself broke the rules, how he would prevent the passengers from smoking.

I asked him not to smoke. But instead of listening to my advice, the conductor became very rude. He shouted at me and insulted me. He said that he did not care for anybody. He threatened to throw me out of the bus. The other passengers also objected to his behaviour. But he did not listen to any one.

Sir, you are requested to take appropriate action against the bus conductor.
Thanking you,

Yours faithfully
Sonia

4. You are Arun of Gurugram. You are disturbed to see the problem of traffic jam in NCR region which causes loss of time as well as fuel. Write a letter to S.S.P. (Traffic) Gurugram in about 100 words drawing attention to the problem of traffic jam in Gurugram.

1414, Gulmohar Vatika
Gurugram
8 May, 20…….

The S.S.P. (Traffic)
Gurugram
Subject: Regarding the problem of traffic jam in Gurugram.
Dear Sir,
With reference to the above cited subject I wish to draw your kind attention to the problem of traffic jam in NCR region. Sir, in the morning hours before 10 a.m. and in the evening hours after 5 p.m. the condition is of the worst type. Sometimes it takes two to three hours to cover a distance of just ten kilometres. Due to this traffic jam a big pollution is caused by the engineer of the vehicles. Sir, please make some specific plan to give some relief to the people of NCR region from the routine traffic jams.
Thanks,

Yours faithfully
Arun

5. You are Veena of 1953 Lower Bazar, Shimla. You have purchased a washing machine from the Nav Bharat Electronics Ltd., Sadar Bazar, Delhi. Write a letter to the firm praising their product. Also make some suggestions for further improvement in the machine.

1953, Lower Bazar
Shimla
November 15, 20……

M/s Bharat Electronics Ltd.
Sadar Bazar
Delhi
Subject: Suggestions for further improvement in the machine.
Dear Sirs,
I purchased a Bharat washing machine from your firm last year. I wish to point out that the washing machine is working satisfactorily. During the one year, it has not created any problem. I congratulate you on making such a fine washing machine. However, there are some suggestions to make the machine still better. Its wash tub is small and cannot hold more than five garments. You can fit a bigger wash tub in the future machines. Secondly, its rotator motor is not very powerful. If you can make it more powerful, it will improve the working of the machine. I hope you will like these suggestions.
Thanking you,

Yours faithfully
Veena

6. Write a letter to the SDO (Electricity) complaining about the frequent breakdown of electricity in your area

73-C, Vashishth Nagar,
Panipat
July 03, 20……….
The S.D.O.
Ram Nagar
Panipat
Subject: Complaint against the frequent breakdown of electricity.
Sir,
I would like to draw your attention to the problem of frequent breakdown of electricity in our area. The residents of this area have to face a lot of problems due to these break downs. The whole area is thrown into the darkness at night. The students are facing a lot of difficulty in preparing for their exams. Sir, it is summer season and the weather is very hot. It has become impossible to survive without electricity. The weak and old people are also suffering a lot due to this problem.

Sir, you are requested to look into the matter and solve this problem as early as possible.
Yours faithfully
Ram Narayan Mishra.

7. Write a letter to Messers Gupta Electronics, complaining that the fridge you bought from the firm is not functioning properly. You want its immediate replacement.

Rajan Malhotra
7-A, Model Town
Ambala City
April 7,20…….

Messers Gupta Electronics
Court Road Ambala City
Subject: Complaint about the fridge.
Dear Sir,
It is brought to your kind notice that I bought a Godrej fridge of 200 Liters from your shop only last month. I am regretful to inform you that the functioning of this fridge is not proper. Its freezer is not working at all. Sometimes the fridge gets switched off automatically. It makes a loud noise when it works. If it is opened with bare feet it gives a shock. I think this piece has some manufacturing defects. I request you to replace it immediately. The warranty card along with the original bill is being sent with this letter.
Thanks,

Yours sincerely
Rajan Malhotra

D. Official Letters

1. Write a letter to the General Manager, Janta Bus Service, Mahanagar, suggesting extension of local bus service to your village Nayagaon. Sign yourself as Vijay.

Village Nayagaon
Distt. Mahanagar
February 16, 20………..

The General Manager
Janta Bus Service
Mahanagar
Subject: Request for extension of local bus service.
Sir,
I am a resident of village Nayagaon. The local bus service of your corporation is very good. But the local bus service does not cover our village. The bus comes upto Puranagaon which is two kilometres away from our village. Our village is very important because a number of the people of our village do jobs in Mahanagar. They feel great difficulty in reaching their offices. Many students also cannot reach their schools and colleges in time.

You are requested to extend the local bus service up to our village.
Thanking you,

Yours faithfully
Vijay

2. You are Santosh. You have shifted to 567, Shivaji Colony, Pratap Nagar. Write a letter to the postmaster of your town, requesting him for a change in address.

The Postmaster
General Post Office
Pratap Nagar
Subject: Information about change in address.
Sir,
I wish to bring to your kind notice that we have changed our residence to Moti Bazar, Pratap Nagar to 567, Shivaji Colony, Pratap Nagar. As I was in a hurry, I could not inform all of my friends and relatives about the change of address. I am expecting some important letters. You are requested to kindly redirect all my letters to my new address given above.
Thanking you,

Yours faithfully
Santosh

3. Write a letter to the Chief Medical Officer of your district complaining about the insanitary conditions in your locality.

Gandhi Chowk Bhiwani
March 25, 20
The C.M.O.
Civil Hospital Bhiwani,
Subject: Complaint about insanitary condition.
Dear Sir,
I wish to bring to your kind notice the insanitary condition of our locality. It is the dirtiest part of the town. There are pools of water here and there. The drains are over-flowing. The locality is filled with heaps of rubbish. Filthy gutters are an ugly sight. This locality’ has become a breeding place for flies and mosquitoes. During rains the condition of this locality becomes worse. Dirty water over flows the drains and floods the streets. The sweepers do not remove garbage daily. The drainage system is most defective. The sanitary inspector does not visit the locality regularly.
If this state of affairs is allowed to continue cholera, malaria or typhoid is likely to break out. Therefore, I request you to visit our locality and take immediate steps to improve the living conditions. The residents of this locality will be thankful to you. It is a question of public health and safety.
Thanking you,

Yours faithfully
Mahavir

4. Write a letter to the Chairman, Municipal Corporation requesting him to provide relief to the residents from monkey menace.

Suman Saini 2710,
Timber Market
Ambala Cantt.
17 August, 20…….

The Chairman
Municipal Corporation
Ambala
Subject: Regarding monkey menace.
Sir,
With reference to the above cited subject I wish to draw your attention to a problem faced by the residents of timber market. This problem is due to the monkeys. A group of about fifty monkeys has come to stay permanently in this area. All the day they are moving in the streets and on the roofs of the houses. If they see someone carrying some fruit or vegetable, they attack that person to snatch the eatable. There have been many cases of monkey’s bite. They tear the clothes put on the roofs of the houses after washing. All are much scared of them. You are, therefore, requested to do the needful to provide relief to the residents of timber market from monkey menace.
Thanks,

Yours faithfully
Suman Saini

5. Write a letter to the District Food and Supply Officer requesting him to grant you licence of kerosene oil.

15, Gandhi Nagar
Karnal
May 31, 20…….

The District Food and Supply Officer
Karnal
Subject: For licence of kerosene oil.
Sir,
With due respect I beg to state that I have opened a shop of General Merchandise in Gandhi Nagar. There is no kerosene oil shop in the neighbourhood. The residents face a great inconvenience because they have to bring kerosene from a big distance. Ladies in particular have to face a lot of trouble when they are required to stand in a queue.

I, therefore, request you to grant me the licence for the sale of the same. I am prepared to deposit the required fee for licence. I undertake to abide by the rules and regulations laid down by the government. If you want, I can give you security also.
Thanking you,

Yours faithfully
Ashok Kumar

6. Write a letter to the Postmaster complaining against the irregular delivery and the rude behaviour of the postman of your locality.

275, Gandhi Nagar
Yamuna Nagar
March 20,20…….

The Postmaster
Head Post Office
Yamuna Nagar
Subject: Complaint against the postman.
Sir,
I wish to bring to your kind notice my complaint against Mr. Harish Kumar, the postman of our locality. He does not perform his duty well. He is irregular in his duty. He is rude in his behaviour. He is careless in his work. I do not get my letters regularly. We have put up a letter box on the outer door of our house. But he never puts the letters into the letter box. He throws them through the windows. Sometimes he hands over the letters to the children playing in the street. They tear them up and throw away.

Often our letters have been lost due to the carelessness of the postman. We have often brought the matter to his notice. But he is very rude. He does not behave properly.

Therefore, I request you to look into the matter personally. Please take suitable action against the postman.
Thanking you,

Yours faithfully
Amit Kumar

7. Write a letter to a firm requesting it cancel an order for science apparatus. Give also the reasons for cancelling the order.

77-B, Ashok Vihar,
Karnal
May 29, 20…….
Rama Scientific Works
Kunj Vihar
New Delhi
Subject: For cancelling the order.
Sir,
I ordered you some apparatus for my science lab on 15th of this month. But I found your rates very high when I compared the rates of some apparatus from another shop. Moreover, the quality of your goods were not so good. Then why should I buy goods from your shop while I can get them from other shop in better condition and lower prize.

Hence, I request you to cancel my order. I will not be responsible if you send me the goods after this letter.
Thanking you,

Yours faithfully
XYZ

E. Letters to Editors

1. Write a letter to the Editor of a newspaper drawing his attention to the pathetic conditions of roads.

3101, Sector-12
Chandigarh
March 23, 20……….

The Editor
The Tribune
Chandigarh
Sir,
Through the columns of your esteemed newspaper I would like to raise the issue of the pathetic conditions of roads. Sir, the condition of roads in our area has become worst. They have not been repaired for the past two years. Due to the rainy season they are badly damaged. The travellers are facing too many problems. The school going students face many accidents and most of them are injured badly.

It will be good if you publish this article in your newspaper so that the concerned authorities may take some steps to solve our problem.
I shall be highly thankful to you.
Yours faithfully.
XYZ .

2. Write a letter to the editor of a newspaper, highlighting the hardship caused to the common people by rising prices.

5, Lawrence Road
New Delhi
March 17, 20………

The Editor
The Hindustan Times
New Delhi
Sir,
Kindly allow me to highlight a very common problem through the columns of your esteemed newspaper. The problem of rising prices has become very common. It has caused a lot of hardship to the common people. The government has failed to hold the price rise. The prices of essential commodities are rising day by day. It has become very difficult to make both ends meet.

The salaried people are the worst sufferers. They cannot manage their household budget within their salaries. It is high time the government should take steps to control the rising prices.
Thanking you,

Yours faithfully
Ram Lai Bhardwaj

3. Write a letter to the editor of a newspaper, regarding the disturbance caused by the loud sound of the loudspeakers as it is harmful during the examination days.

Peetampura
New Delhi
May 2,20……….

The Editor
The Hindustan Times
New Delhi
Sir,
Through the columns of your esteemed newspaper, l wish to draw the attention of the authorities to the growing nuisance caused by the loudspeakers in Peetampura. All religious places of worship put loudspeakers on the roofs. They keep blaring all the day and till late in the night. The next morning, these loudspeakers start shrieking very early. Our annual examinations are drawing near. Students feel disturbed by the loud sound of these loudspeakers. 1 hope the authorities will look into the matter.
Thanking you,

Yours truly
Puneet Issar

4. You are Somwati. Write a letter to the editor of a newspaper about the incidents of violence taking place with the aged alone at home, drawing the attention of the authorities towards the problem.

H.No. 106, Sector-6
Kamal
7th June, 20

The Editor
The Tribune
Chandigarh
Subject: Regarding incidents of violence with aged people.
Dear Sir,
Through the columns of your esteemed I would like to raise the issue of increasing incidents of violence taking place with the aged living alone at home. Just yesterday such an old couple murdered in our colony. Last week, an old lady living alone was looted at home. This problem is getting worse day-by-day. People of our colony raised voice against this issue but not paid any attention to it. There is no improvement in the situation. I request you to raise this issue in your newspaper so that some solution to the problem can be found out.
Thanks,

Yours faithfully
Somwati

5. Write a letter to the editor of a newspaper, complaining against erratic electric supply in your city.

Near Power House
Patiala Chowk
Jind
October 15, 20……….

The Editor
The Hindustan Times
New Delhi
Sir,
l wish to draw the attention of the authorities to the erratic power supply in our city. There are frequent breakdowns in the power supply. Sometimes, there is no power supply for the whole day. As a result, the residents of the city have to face a lot of difficulty in summer months.

Even when there is power supply, there is a lot of fluctuation in the electricity. Because of this many electrical appliances get damaged. The authorities should look into the matter and improve the power supply of this city.
Thanking you,

Yours faithfully
Ashok Ahuja

6. Write a letter to the editor of a newspaper highlighting the need of Road Safety Rules.

1017-Sector 10-A
Chandigarh
April 7, 20………

The Editor
The Tribune
Chandigarh
Sir,
Through the columns of your esteemed newspaper I would like to raise the issue of the need of Road Safety Rules. Today our roads have become much risky. The major reason behind this is that people do not follow the Road Safety Rules from heart. Most of the people follow these rules only with a sense of fear of police. Whenever one finds the police absent from the scene, he or she breaks the traffic rules. Wearing helmet for the two wheeler riders, using seat belts for the four wheeler riders should become a spontanious jesture. Life is precious. It must be protected by following Road Safety Rules. The people should follow these rules by heart not with fear.
Thanking you,

Yours faithfully
Ranjan Sodhi

7. Write a letter to the editor of a newspaper highlighting the need of the introduction of Road Safety Rules in the syllabus of secondary classes in Haryana. Sign yourself as Sudhir Kumar of Government Senior Secondary School, Rampur (Bhiwani).

Sudhir Kumar
Government Senior Secondary School
Rampur (Bhiwani)
March 7, 20………….

The Editor
The Hindustan Times
Chandigarh
Sir,
Through the columns of your esteemed newspaper I would like to attract the attention of the Education Department of Haryana towards the issue of Road Safety Rules. Sir, today it comes in the reports that in most of the road accidents school students are involved. They are at a great risk of road accidents as they are not well aware of the Road Safety Rules. They lack the knowledge how to cross the road, where to walk on the road, where to drive their bicycle etc. It is urged that Road Safety Rules must be introduced in the syllabus of all secondary classes in Haryana. The knowledge of Road Safety Rules will make our students safe on the roads.
Thanking you,

Yours faithfully
Sudhir Kumar

F. Personal Letters

1. Write a letter to your uncle, thanking him for the gift he has sent on your birthday.

123, Nirmala Colony
Ambala
February 20, 20………

My Dear Uncle,
Yesterday I received the beautiful wrist watch which you had sent me as my birthday gift. I have no words to thank you for such a beautiful gift. This golden wrist watch looks very beautiful. All of my friends have liked it very much. Moreover, 1 needed a watch badly. I was often late for school. I had to pay some fine every month for being late to the school. Now this watch will make me punctual.

Please pay my respect to aunt and love to Reena.
With regards,

Yours affectionately
Vandana

Address:
Suresh Kumar
871, New Prem Nagar
Kaithal

2. Write a letter to your friend congratulating him on his success in the examination.

275/5, Gandhi Nagar
Amritsar
March 8,20……….

Dear Sudhir,
Imagine my joy when I read the result of the I.A.S. in the Hindustan Times and found that you had obtained the 2nd rank. Please accept my heartiest congratulations on your grand success.

This success of yours is well-deserved. I remember the time and energy that you put into your efforts to succeed in this examination. While your other friends whiled away their time in gossip or were sound asleep at night, you were pouring over the bulky books. I remember the golden line which you often quote: “Success in every field is ninety nine percent perspiration and one percent inspiration.” Your success in your efforts has amply proved the truth of this statement.

When are you coming to Amritsar ? I plan a big function to celebrate your success to which all our old friends will be invited.
Congratulations once again.

Yours truly
Ravi Verma

Address :
Sudhir Kumar
871, Nicolson Road
Jalandhar

3. You visited Jaipur recently. Write a letter to your friend describing the visit briefly.

214, Mehta Chowk
Fatehabad
February 25, 20……….

Dear Pawan,
I hope you are fine. Last week I visited Jaipur along with my family. Jaipur is a beautiful city. It is an old and princely city. Jaipur has a number of historic monuments to see.

In the city, there is Sawai Man Singh Museum. This is a fine museum. It displays a number of old and interesting items. NeSf the museum, there is the Jantar Mantar. This has scientific importance. It shows that our ancient astronomers were much advanced.

The finest place in Jaipur is the Hawa Mahal. It is a wonderful building. Near it, there is the palace of the king of Jaipur. About 10 kilometers away from Jaipur is the beautiful Amber Palace. It is a magnificent palace as well as a fort. Jaipur has a very good market. We did a lot of shopping there. In short, I cannot foiget my visit to Jaipur.
With regards,

Your loving friend
Rajiv

Address:
Pawan Kumar
21, Court Road
Karnal

4. Write a letter to your mother telling her about your life in the hostel.

Chander Bhushan
Saint Kabir Institute
New Delhi
16 May, 20….

Dear Mother,
I am fine here and hope that you shall also be fine with the grace of God. The news is that my life in the hostel is very good. My roommate Sunil, a boy from Ambala, is of very good nature. We got up at 5a.m. daily. First of all we go out for a morning walk. We come back by 6 a.m. Then we take our bath etc. Our breakfast is ready at 7a.m. The food quality is very good in the mess. We go to school at 8a.m. Our lunch break is at 1p.m. I am enjoying a disciplined life in my hostel. Please don’t worry about me. I shall visit you soon.
With regards,

Your loving son
Chander Bhushan

5. Write a letter to your younger brother advising him to take part in games .

Rajiv Datta
340, Savitri Nagar
Panchkula
April 19, 20……….

Dear Naveen,
I saw your report-card yesterday. I was very glad to find that you have again topped your class. I congratulate you on your success. However, I have come to know that you have become a book-worm. You study from morning till late in the night. You do not devote any time to games.

Dear Naveen, studies are very important in our life. But we cannot ignore the value of games also. Games give energy to our bodies and refresh our minds. After long hours of study, the mind is tired. By playing, the mind gets the badly needed rest. You have heard that all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. Those who do not take part in games and study all the time, spoil their health. You must devote some time to games either in the early morning or in the evening. This will refresh your mind and you will be able to study in a better way.
I hope you will act upon my advice.

Your loving brother
Rajiv Datta

Address:
Naveen
5034, Saraswati Nagar
Kaithal

6. Write a letter to your friend congratulating him on winning a lottery prize.

33, Kabir Nagar
Ambala Cantt
March 17, 20……….

Dear Vishal,
I hope you are fine. I am very happy to know that you have won ? 1,00,000 cash prize in the lottery. Please receive my heartiest congratulation on your achievement. You have been waiting for this announcement from a quite long time. This success of yours is well-deserved.

I hope you better know that advantages and disadvantages of holding such big cash. You should be careful while spending or investing this money. You should also make a good plan for your parents also.

When are you coming to Shimla ? We will enjoy your success with a great party.
Congratulations once again.

Yours truly,
Navneet Singh

7. Write a letter to your friend, inviting him to spend holidays with you in Shimla.

1014, The Mall
Shimla
03 June, 20……….

Shivang
1088, Sector 34
Ambala City

Dear Shivang,
I am fine here. I hope that you shall also be fine at Ambala. I know that your summer vacation has started from 01 June. It will be very hot in Ambala but the weather is very pleasant here in Shimla. So I invite you to stay with me for a period of ten days in Shimla. My cousin from Kamal is also arriving tomorrow. We three shall enjoy the summer vacation together. I hope you will arrive definitely. Please do inform me when you are arriving Shimla.
With Love,

Your loving friend
Krishna

Haryana State Board HBSE 10th Class English Solutions Advertisement Writing Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 10th Class English Advertisement Writing

Report Writing

Writing is a skill for communication for conveying ideas and feelings from one person to another. This can be done by writing reports, notices, messages, paragraphs and letters. A report is a short writing skill describing some event or incident.

Points to be kept in mind.
(1) A report is a first hand information about an incident, occurrence or event.
(2) It must be brief, to the point and systematic.
(3) It must be written in past tense.
(4) It must be given a suitable heading or title, the name of person writing it, date and the place from where it was written.
(5) The report should be simple. Exaggerations and superfluous matter should be avoided.

1. A seminar on ‘Bed Bachao-Beti Padhao’ was held in your school. Write a report in about 40 words giving details of the seminar.
Answer:

GOVT. SR. SEC. SCHOOL, HAPPY BAGH, NEW DELHI
‘BETI BACHAO – BETI PADHAO’
Report by
Dhruv

New Delhi
September 7, 20…
A seminar on ‘Beti Bachao-Beti Padhao’ was held in our school. The Education Minister of Delhi was the chief guest. Principals and teachers of different schools and the parents took part in the seminar. The speakers stressed the need of the hour to save the girl child and to teach the girl child. Everybody present pledged for the same.

2. You are Deepak. A ‘Clean Vidyalaya – Clean India’ campaign was organised in your school. Write a report in about 40 words highlighting the features of the campaign. ‘
Answer:

XYZ, SR. SEC. SCHOOL, ABC
‘CLEAN VIDYALAYA-CLEAN INDIA’ CAMPAIGN
Report by
Deepak

October 03, 20
On the occasion of Gandhi Jayanti a ‘Clean Vidyalaya-Clean India’ campaign was organised in our school. All the teachers and the students took part in this campaign with full zest. The school building, campus and surroundings were cleaned. After a campaign of just four hours, the school was looking beautiful and everything in the school seemed attractive. The school Principal gave certificates and momentous to the volunteers.

3. You are a press reporter. You went to a hospital and found the nurses on strike. Mentioning the title, the date and the cause of their strike, write a brief report in about 40 words for your newspaper.
Answer:

NURSES ON STRIKE
Report by
Anju Bhatnagar (Press Reporter)

New Delhi
May 15, 20…
The nurses of Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi went on indefinite strike today demanding hike in their salaries. The condition of the patients got worse. There was a very tragic scene of the patients because none was there to care for them. The strike may prolong for a couple of days more.

4. You are Rajesh, a member of the N.S.S, unit of your school. Your school N.S.S. unit has organised a blood donation camp. Write a report to be printed in your school magazine.
Answer:

SANJAY GANDHI MEMORIAL PUBLIC SCHOOL, HISAR
BLOOD DONATION CAMP
Report by
Rajesh

Hisar
March 7, 20…
The NSS Unit of Sanjay Gandhi Memorial Public School, Hisar organised a blood donation camp in the school Auditorium on 5 th of March, The Chief Medical Officer inaugurated the camp. A team of doctors from the civil hospital was present in the school. Ninety students donated the blood on this occasion. The Principal honoured the blood donors with a memento and a certificate.

5. During the Kargil conflict the Arts Club of your colony had organised various cultural activities to collect funds for the victims’ families. As the secretary of the club, write a report to be published in some popular newspaper.
Answer:

A CHARITY SHOW BY ARTS CLUB
Report by
Anurag (Secretary Arts Club)

Ambala
January 5, 20…
The Arts Club of Bank Colony Ambala Cantt. organised a charity show to collect funds for the victims’ families of the Kargil conflict. The Deputy Commissioner of Ambala inaugurated the show. Fancy dress competition, mono-acting and solo-dance were the main attractions of the show.

6. You are Raman, studying in class X. You attended an N.C.C. camp recently. Mentioning the date, the number of participants and other important details, write a report in about 40 words for your school magazine.
Answer:

N.C.C. CAMP ATTENDED
Report by
Raman

Ambala Cantt
June 15,20…
The N.C.C. troop of our school attended an N.C.C. camp at Shimla from 5th June to 14th June. 40 cadets of our school troop took part in this camp with our N.C.C. officer Mr R.C. Bansal. Our troop cadet Ranjit Singh was selected as the best cadet.

7. Write a brief report in about 40 words on Annual prize distribution function of your school to be published in your school magazine.
Answer:

GOVT SR. SEC. SCHOOL, NILOKHERI
ANNUAL PRIZE DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION
Report by
DHRUV

Nilokheri
February 10,20….
The Annual Prize Distribution function of our school was held on 06 February 20 The Deputy Commissioner of Kamal was the Chief Guest and the District Education Officer of Kamal was the Guest of Honour. The meritorius students and the winners of different events during the session were awarded. The Principal read the annual report. The Deputy Commissioner praised the glorious performance of our school.

8. You are Lovely/Laxman, studying in class X. Your school participated in an Inter-School Music Competition held at Bhartiya Public School, Ashok Nagar, Delhi. Mentioning the date, the number of participating schools, the position held by your school, etc., write a report in about 40 words. You have to read it out in the Prayer Assembly of your school. [B.S.E.H. March, 2020 (Set-A)]
Answer:

INTER-SCHOOL MUSIC COMPETITION
Report by
Lovely

Delhi
December 10, 20…
An Inter School Music Competition was held at Bhartiya Public School, Ashok Nagar, Delhi. 50 Sr. Sec. Public Schools took part in this competition. Our school music team of Arun and party participated in this competition and won the champion trophy and a cash prize of rupees one thousand.

9. You were an eye witness of the recent train accident between the Sealdah Express and the Golden Temple Express. Write a report in 40 words mentioning the loss of lives, the scene of rescue work by the neighbouring villagers.
Answer:

TRAINS COLLIDED HEAD ON
Report by
Suman Bajwa

Lucknow
January 5, 20…
A terrible train accident took place between Sealdah Express and the Golden Temple Express at 8.30 a.m. about 40 kilometres away from Lucknow. Both the trains collided head on. About 100 people died on the spot. Many more were seriously injured. The natives of the nearby villages helped the victims.

10. You are a press reporter. You visited the site of a car-accident in New Delhi. Mentioning the title, the date, the area of explosion, the damage caused, etc., write brief report in about 40 words for our newspaper.
Answer:

MARUTI 800-CRUSHED
Report by
Munjal (Press Reporter)

New Delhi
January 5, 20…
Yesterday a Maruti 800 car bumped into a loaded truck on the Ring Road. Three of the five passengers in the car died on the spot. The driver and two other passengers were seriously injured and rushed to the Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital. The deceased belonged to Rampur village of outer Delhi.

11. An old couple was murdered in Vasant Enclave in broad daylight. You visited the site as a reporter. Giving the title, the date and time of the incident, and the panic it caused among the residents, write a report in about 40 words for a newspaper.
Answer:

AN OLD COUPLE MURDERED
Report by
Anju Keri

New Delhi
August 6, 20…
Yesterday an old couple Raja Singh of 72 and his wife Malti Devi of 69 was murdered by robbers at 2 p.m. in broad daylight. The robbers looted all the money and other household things. The whole town was gripped by horror. The police has identified the gang of robbers.

12. The Principal of Happy Spring School, Pune invited a well-known social worker to address the student on Moral Education in Prayer Assembly in the school. You attended his lecture. Write a report in about 40 words for your school magazine. You are Pulkit the Student Representative of the school magazine.
Answer:

HAPPY SPRING SCHOOL, PUNE LECTURE ON MORAL EDUCATION DELIVERED
Report by
Pulkit (Student Representative)

Pune
March 10, 20…
The Principal of Happy Spring School invited a well-known social worker Mr Shamdev Ji to deliver a lecture on moral education in the prayer assembly.

Swami Ji inspired the students with his force discurtion to cultivate moral values in their personality. The students were highly motivated by the words of Swami Ji. Everybody was grateful to the Principal Sahib to organise this lecture and requested to organise many more in future.

13. Your school organised a trekking tour to Manali in the winter break. Mentioning the title, the number of participating students, their experiences, write a report in about 40 words for your school magazine. You are Arun Byotra.
Answer:

TRIP TO MANALI
Report by
Arun Byotra

Bhiwani
March 5, 20…
Twenty five students of X class S.D. Sr. Sec. School, Bhiwani went on a trekking tour to Manali in winter break. The trip was organised by the Director of Mountaineering for the purpose of developing a spirit of adventure and thrill among the students. The students enjoyed this trekking tour a lot and learnt very much about mountains.

14. You are a press reporter. You have come to know of the kidnapping of a businessman’s son. Mentioning the title and the details of the incident, write a report in about 40 words for your newspaper.
Answer:

BUSINESSMAN’S SON KIDNAPPED
Report by
Rohit Mathur (Press Reporter)

Shimla
March 5,20…
A ten year child of Mr R.K. Handa, a renowned businessman, was kidnapped yesterday from outside a local school in broad daylight. The kidnappers have demanded a ransom of rupees one crore from the child’s father. The incident has created a panic in the city.

15. You are Ajay/Asha of Deshbandhu Memorial School, Bhopal. Your school has recently organised a Science Fair. Mentioning the number of participants/exhibits, date, venue and the response of students, write a report in about 40 words for your school magazine.
Answer:

DESHBANDHU MEMORIAL SCHOOL, BHOPAL
SCIENCE FAIR HELD
Report by
Asha

Bhopal
January 7, 20…
A Science Fair was held in our school from 4 January to 6 January. Forty teams of the various schools and colleges participated in this Science Fair with their projects and models. There was a great excitement among the students about this fair. It gave them a big information and fascination about Science subject.

16. You are Rohit/Rashmi of Maharaja School, Jaipur. Your school had organized an inter-school painting contest. Mentioning the number of participating students, date and venue, write a report in about 40 words for your school magazine.
Answer:

INTER-SCHOOL PAINTING CONTEST
Report by
Rashmi

Jaipur
December 7,20…
Yesterday an inter-school painting contest was organised in Maharaja School, Jaipur. Hundred students of different schools took part in the contest. The topic of painting contest was Environment Pollution and Awareness. The District Forest Officer was the chief-guest and gave away the prizes to the winners.

17. Your school has recently organised an exhibition of children’s books. Mentioning the date, venue, number of participating publishers and the response of students, write a report in about 40 words for your school magazine. You are Shreya/Sumit of Morning Glory Public School, Patiala.
Answer:

EXHIBITION OF CHILDREN’S BOOKS ORGANISED
Report by
Shreya

Patiala
January 5, 20
An exhibition of children’s books was organised in Morning Glory Public School from 1st January to 4th January. Forty publishers of children’s books participated in this exhibition with a variety of their children’s books. There was a great excitement among the students about the books and they bought books of their choices.

18. You are Parul/Shivam. As the Secretary of the Cultural Club of your school, you have organized a cultural evening in your school as thanks-givipg. Write a report about the programme in about 40 words.
Answer:

GOVT. HIGH SCHOOL, HARI NAGAR (AMBALA)
CULTURAL EVENING CELEBRATED
Report by
Shivam (Secretary, Cultural Club)

Ambala City
May 10, 20…
A cultural evening was celebrated in our school on 9th of May 20… as a gesture of thanks-giving to the donors of the flood relief compaign. The Deputy Commissioner of our district was the chief- guest. Many colourful and beautiful presentations were made by the participants. The chief-guest praised this programme very much and honoured the participants.

19. Your school has participated in the “Save Water Campaign” by organising debates, quizes and painting competitions. Write a report in about 40 words for your school magazine giving the details of the competition like number of schools which participated, the guests etc. You are the Secretary of your Students Council.
Answer:

DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL, PEETAM PURA (NEW DELHI)
“SAVE WATER CAMPAIGN”
Report by
Secretary (Students Council)

New Delhi
April 17,20……..
Our school organised “Save Water Campaign” on the 10th and 11th of April. Debate and quiz competitions were held on the 10th and painting competitions were held on the 11th. About 20 schools took part in these competitions. Mrs. Sheila Dixit, the Chief Minister of Delhi, was the Chief Guest. Our school got the over-all trophy and a cash prize of one lac rupees.

Practice Questions For Report Writing:
1. Recently your school organised an Inter-House Display Board Competition on various topics. Mentioning the topics, the name of the house winning the first prize, and other details of the competition, write a report in about 40 words for your school magazine. You are Pradeep/Purvi of Class X.

2. You are a press reporter. You have come to know that the police of your town has arrested two pick pockets. Draft a report in about 40 words.

3. Your school NSS unit has organised a blood donation camp. As a member of the NSS group, write a report in 40 words to be printed in your school magazine.

4. During the Kargil conflict the Arts Club of your colony had organised various cultural activities to collect funds for the victims’ families. As the secretary of the club, write a report to be published in some popular newspaper.

5. You are a press reporter. You went to a hospital and found the nurses on strike. Mentioning the title, the date and the cause of their strike, write a brief report in about 40 words for your newspaper.

Haryana State Board HBSE 10th Class English Solutions Advertisement Writing Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 10th Class English Advertisement Writing

What is an Advertisement ?
Answer:
An advertisement is a powerful medium which is used to reach out to others and to influence their minds and tastes. It is a kind of notice with a much wider appeal and effect. It is an announcement made through mass media which reaches a great number of people. Advertisers can use newspapers, magazines, posters, radio, television and cinemas to convey their messages or to sell their goods and services.

Some Useful Hints :
A good advertisement is very helpful in attracting masses. Drafting an advertisement is also an art. The students should keep the following hints in mind while drafting an advertisement.

1. The main aim of a business advertisement is to promote sales. So an advertisement should be attractive. It should catch the readers’ attention at first glance and then tempt them to go through it. So the language must be attractive.
2. In order to attract readers, always use catchy, simple and effective language.
3. The advertisement must be brief and to the point. Don’t say anything which is unnecessary or irrelevant to the main point.
4. Never mislead your readers. You must be honest and don’t make claims which are exaggerated.
5. The style of.the advertisement must be according to the subject matter. In other words, there should be a proper mixture of style and subject matter.
6. Long sentences and difficult or heavy words should be avoided. An advertisement is for spreading your message, not showing off your knowledge of language.
7. While designing an advertisement,, use different sizes of letters to create an attractive effect. The . important points should be mentioned in bold or bigger letters.
8. Although the advertisement should be brief, yet it must not be incomplete. It should be self- contained. It must convey the name of the advertiser and other relevant information.

Some Solved Advertisements:

1. You are in a Counselling Services to guide students what career to adopt. Draft an advertisement selling your services.
Answer:

COUNSELLING SERVICES
ARE YOU APPEARING IN MATRIC?
OR 10+2?
OR GRADUATION FINAL YEAR?

Just visit us to get the best guidance about your career. We have complete information about every field. An aptitude test is held before counselling. Visit and get sure of your career.

Contact
DR.R.K.DASS
(M.A. Psychology), Ph.D
Meera Tower, Room No. 112, 2nd Floor
G. T. Road, Panipat

2. You are Principal of a Public School. You require trained teachers for your school. Draft a suitable advertisement for the same.
Answer:

3. You need two salesmen in your shop. Write an advertisement for a local daily.
Answer:
Wanted two (10+2 Pass) salesmen for our shop. Age between 20-30 years. Salary Rs. 10000/-per month. Working hours since 9 a.m. to 9 p.m. lunch and tea facility available. Only local candidates may apply (to the undersigned) within 10 days.

Contact
SUNDER RAJ
Raj Provision Store, 15A Court Road, Jind

4. You are the manufacturer of a bike brand named ‘Picasso’ bike. Draft a display advertisement to be published in a newspaper to promote the sale of your bike.
Answer:

5. M/s Ambani Brothers have launched a new refrigerator named ‘Phirlwool’. Draft an advertisement to be published in a newspaper to promote the sale of the refrigerator.
Answer:

6. You are the manufacturer of quality greeting cards. Draft a display advertisement announcing the new range of your seasonal cards.
Answer:

ARCHIES
INVITES
BOOK SHOP-KEEPERS * RETAILERS
*GIFT SHOP-KEEPERS * STATIONERS
for
Widest Range of World Class
Season’s Cards

Check out the exclusive collection of ARCHIES, PAPER ROSE, FINE EXPRESSIONS, PAPER
MAGIC, HELPAGE & CRY CARDS on Diwali. Christmas, Id & New Year.
And also the latest releases of everyday cards.
There’s nothing as effective to bring out the true spirit.
For Wholesale Enquiries visit our W holesale Showroom.

ARCHIES GREETINGS & GIFTS LTD.
C-113, Naraina Industrial Area, Phase – 1. New Delhi – 28

7. Draft a display advertisement on behalf of San aponic LED with the offer of a free gift.
Answer:

8. You are running a Marriage Bureau and arrange matches for both girls and boys. Draft a display advertisement for your Marriage Bureau.
Answer:

9. You are running a finance company and provide loans for purchasing cars. Draft an advertisement highlighting your services.
Answer :

10. Draft a display advertisement for the sale of a washing machine.
Answer :

11. You are Ranjeet Kumar of 10, Ashoka Nagar, Bhopal. You are a diploma holder in Computer Engineering and are looking for job. Write out an advertisement for the ‘Job Wanted’ column of a newspaper.
Answer:

JOB WANTED

Post : Ranjeet Kumar
Qualification : Diploma in Computer Engineering with 75 percent marks.
Date of Birth : April 15, 1985
Marital Status : Unmarried
Address : 10, Ashoka Nagar, Bhopal Mobile No. 0941909xxxx
Special : High aspirations to prove myself.

12. You are leaving for England next month. You want to sale your Flat. Write an advertisement to be published in a local newspaper.
Answer:

FLAT FOR SALE

A well furnished Flat. Total area 250 square yards. Built in 2010. The owner is leaving for England. All documents complete. Flat No. 2015, Sector 12A, Chandigarh.
Sudhir Kumar
Mobile No. 090290xxxxx

13. Your younger brother is weak in Science and Maths. You want to engage a tutor who can teach him at your house. Draft an advertisement for ‘Situation Vacant’ column of a newspaper.
Answer:

SITUATION VACANT

A tutor is required to teach Science and Maths to a IX Class boy at our house before 7 a.m. or after 4 p.m. Interested tutors may please contact Rajesh Kumar, FI.No. 707, Sector-7, Ambala City. Mobile No. 9030xxxxxx

14. You lost your bag containing some important documents. Write an advertisement to be published in a local daily newspaper.
Answer:

LOST! LOST! LOST1

I have lost my bag somewhere between Ambala Cantt and Shahpur village. The bag contained some important documents and medical reports of my father. The founder is requested to return it at the below mentioned address. A cash reward of Rupees one thousand shall be given to the person who will come to return the bag.
Chander Prakash
H. No. 5071, Housing Board Colony
Ambala Cantt.
Phone No. 0171-289xxxx, 0912919xxxx

15. You found a purse in the market. Write an advertisement to be published in a local daily for the owner to claim it from you within ten days.
Answer:

FOUND! FOUND! FOUND!

Yesterday I found a ladies purse in the market near the Hanuman Temple. Anyone who has lost it may contact to the undersigned within ten days as I am leaving for Mumbai for three months on 15th of this month.
Pradeep Singh
10-A Model Town, Kamal
Phone No. 0184-266xxxx, 0676092xxxx

16. Design a poster making people aware regarding ‘Road Safety Rules’
Answer:

17. Design a poster making people aware about Traffic Lights.
Answer:

Practice Questions For Advertisements:
1. You need a civil engineer for your construction firm. You wish that the applicant must have ten years experience. Write out an advertisement for a newspaper accordingly.

2. You run a computer centre and offer your services for job-work like computer type-setting, software preparation, accounting work etc. Write out an advertisement offering these services to the needy persons.

3. You are the proprietor of a hotel. You need a lady receptionist. Draft an advertisement to this effect. Mention that the lady should be fluent in English.

4. You are retired from the Indian army. Now you want to get the job of a security guard for a business concern or a body guard for some eminent person. Write an advertisement accordingly offering your services.

5. You need salesman for door-to-door selling of the washing powder manufactured by you. Write out an advertisement for the ‘Situation Vacant’ column of a newspaper.

6. You are the manufacturer of bicycles. Write out an advertisement for a newspaper, offering a free gift for the purchase of every bicycle.

7. You have a big house in a posh colony of New Delhi. Write out an advertisement for letting out some portion of your big house. Also mention the rent expected by you.

8. You have recently been transferred to Mumbai. You want accommodation in Mumbai. Write out an advertisement for the ‘Accommodation Wanted’ column in a newspaper.

9. You are Pinki Chanday, living at 112 Saif Ali Road, Govinda Nagar. You have five years experience as export assistant in various export houses. You want to join a prestigious export house. Write out an advertisement for ‘Situation Wanted’ column of a newspaper.

10. You need accomodation. Write an advertisement to be published in a local daily.

11. You run an authorised Pollution Check Centre and issue ‘ Pollution Under Control ’ certificates to vehicle owners. Draft an advertisement, telling the public the harmful effect of gases if the vehicles are not regularly checked.

12. You want to set up a factory for making shoes. You need at least five lakh rupees as a loan for this purpose. Write an advertisement inviting loan from a financing company.

13. You have a big plot of land on which you wish to set up a factory for manufacturing crockery. You want a business partner who can invest money in this project. Write out an advertisement for the ‘Business’ section of a newspaper inviting a partner.

14. Draft an advertisement for ‘Fresh Feel Mouthwash’.

15. You have organized a handloom exhibition in your colony. Draft an advertisement for the same.

Haryana State Board HBSE 10th Class English Solutions Interview Writing Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 10th Class English Interview Writing

1. Your name is Sameer and you have applied for the post of a Teacher. Prepare an imaginary interview (questions and answers) for this purpose.

The Candidate’s name is called and he enters the Chairman’s office.
Candidate : Good Morning, Sir.
Chairman : Good Morning, Mr Sameer. Please sit down.
Candidate : Thank you, Sir.
Chairman : Mr Sameer tell me about yourself.
Candidate : I am 21 years old. I have passed my B.A. from Kurukshetra University and B.Ed from M.D.University, Rohtak.
Chairman : Good. Mr Sameer, you have a very good record upto your B.A. But in your B.Ed examination you have not done well. What is the reason?
Candidate : Sir, I fell seriously ill during my B.Ed. examination. So I did not get good marks.
Chairman : Why do you want to become a teacher?
Candidate : Sir, teaching is a noble profession. This is my aim in life to be a teacher. So I have applied for this job.
Chairman : Good. What should be qualities of a good teacher, apart from a good academic record.
Candidate : Sir, I feel that a teacher should have a good moral character. He should have love for learning and teaching. He should set a good example before his students.
Chairman : Mr Sameer, are you in favour of corporal punishment to students?
Candidate : No Sir, I am not in favour of body punishment to students. I believe that a teacher should reform naughty students with love and affection.
Chairman : Very well, Mr Sameer. We shall inform you about the result of your interview to you by post.
Candidate : Thank you, Sir. (he comes out)

2. Mr Rupesh Kumar has applied for a loan to the Punjab National Bank. The Manager has called him for an interview with him about this loan. Prepare this imaginary interview between Mr Sangwan and The Bank Manager.

Rupesh Kumar, entering the Manager’s office : Good Morning, Sir.
Manager : Good morning. How can I help you?
Rupesh Kumar : Sir, I am Rupesh Kumar. You have called me for an interview about my loan application.
Manager : Oh, I see. Please sit down.
Rupesh Kumar : Thank you, Sir.
The Manager takes out a file from his drawer, looks at the application of Rupesh Kumar.
Manager : So, you want to take loan for the purchase of a tractor.
Rupesh Kumar : Yes Sir.
Manager : For this purpose, you will have to mortgage some property and also give us two guarantors.
Rupesh Kumar : Yes Sir. I have 50 acres of land. Out of this I have mortgaged 20 acres to the bank. Here are the mortgage papers (hands over the papers to the manager).
Manager : Good. And what about the two guarantors?
Rupesh Kumar : Sir, I have arranged that also.
Manager : Good. Please come to my office next Monday at 10 a.m. Bring the two guarantors also with you. They will to sign the papers in my presence. Also bring two blank cheques with you.
Rupesh Kumar : Thank you, Sir. (comes out)

3. Mr Prakash Singh is a Life Insurance Agent. He has telephoned Mr . Ram Thakur, a central government employee to whbm he wants to sell a life insurance policy. Mr Thakur has invited Mr Singh to his house to interview him about the details of the insurance policy. Write this interview.

Prakash Singh : (Shaking hands). I am Prakash Singh from the LIC. How do you do?
Mr Thakur : Fine, thank you. Have a seat.
Prakash Singh : Thanks. I believe you are interested in taking an insurance policy.
Mr Thakur : Yes.
Prakash Singh : Mr Thakur, before I advise you on the policy, I need to know a few details about you.
Mr Thakur : What do you want to know?
Prakash Singh : Can you tell me about your family ?
Mr Thakur : Of course. Besides my wife and me, we have two children in the family. My daughter is 12 years old. She is in class 7.My son is nine years old. He is in class 4.
Prakash Singh : Is your wife also employed?
Mr Thakur : No, she is a housewife.
Prakash Singh : It means that you are the only earning member of your family. Do you have any other policy?
Mr Thakur : Yes, I already have one policy in which my wife is the nominee. Now I want to have one more policy, so that I will have money at the time of my daughter’s marriage.
Prakash Singh : It is good. I have a good policy. I will leave all the details of the policy with you. Please go through these papers and if you like the policy, you may contact me on the telephone.
Mr Thakur : Very well. Please contact me after one week. By that time, I will study the papers concerning the policy.
Prakash Singh : (shaking hands). It suits me. (comes out)

4. Your name is Sandeep Singh. You have applied for the post of an engineer. You have been called to appear for an interview. Write that imaginary interview.

Sandeep Singh (entering the office): Good morning, Sir.
Chairman : Good morning, please sit down.
Sandeep Singh (taking the seat) : Thank you, Sir.
Sandeep Singh : Tell me about yourself.
Chairman : I am twenty-two years old. I have done my B.Tech from ITM College, Gurugram. In which year did you pass your B.Tech?
Sandeep Singh : In 2007.
Chairman : Have you worked somewhere earlier?
Sandeep Singh : I worked for three years in Satyam Computers Ltd.
Chairman : Why did you leave that job ?
Sandeep Singh : Sir, as everyone knows, Satyam crashed because of frauds and irregularities. I could not continue working in such a company and so I have left it.
Chairman : I have gone through your records. I think you will suit our company. How much salary would you expect from us?
Sandeep Singh : Sir, I was drawing a salary of Rs 45 thousand per month in Satyam. I am prepared to work at the same salary.
Chairman : Good. The whole board will think over the matter and we will inform you telephonically by tomorrow morning.
Sandeep Singh : Thank you, Sir. (comes out)

5. Suppose your name is Naveen Dutta. You have applied for an Agency for Deepak Books. The Managing Director of Deepak Books has called you for an interview so that he can decide about the matter. Write down this imaginary interview.

Naveen Dutta (entering the office). Good morning, Sir.

Managing Director (offering him a chair) : Please have a seat.

Naveen Dutta : Thank you, Sir.

Managing Director : I see that you wish to take an agency of Deepak Books in Kamal. We already have three agencies. Why do you think that another agency will be successful? Sir, By God’s grace, the sale of Deepak Books and other books of this group of publications is very brisk. I think I can increase the sale of your books many times by taking an agency.

Naveen Dutta : Which areas you wish to cover by taking an agency?

Managing Director : I will cover Prem Nagar, Char Chaman, Railway Road, Hansi Chowk and the surrounding areas.

Naveen Dutta : Please tell me something about yourself.

Managing Director : Our family has been in the books business for the last one hundred years. The grandfather of my grandfather had books business in Lahore. After partition we came to India where my grandfather set up books business on the Railway Road. We are very famous and have good credit.

Naveen Dutta : For the agency purpose, you must have a big godown and your own vehicles. We have four godowns of one thousand square feet each. I have two pick up trucks, one mini truck and two cars.

Managing Director : You will have to deposit Rs. Five lakhs as a security. If you want to have an agency for Dev Jyoti Children books, then you will have to deposit an additional security of Rs. Two lakhs.

Naveen Dutta : I am prepared to deposit the security.

Managing Director : Good. The agency is hereby allotted to you. Please come tomorrow at 10 a.m. Bring the bank draft for the security. Please meet my manager, Mr Wadhwa. He will get the formalities completed and he will start supplying the books to you.

Naveen Dutta : Thank you, Sir. (comes out)

Practice Questions For Interviews:

1. Your name is Kanwaljit Singh. You have applied for the post of an accountant to M/S Jyoti Book Depot, Jalandhar. Prepare an imaginary interview for this post.

2. Miss Roopa Ganguli has applied to Miss Ekta Kapoor for a role in a serial made by her company, M/S Balaji Communications Pvt. Ltd. Write down that imaginary interview.

3. You have applied for study loan to the HDFC bank. The manager has called you for an interview to know about your needs. Write down that interview.

4. You are the Chief Minister of Haryana. You have announced a new scheme for the benefit of old persons. The reporter of the Hindustan Times visits your office for an interview to be published in his newspaper. Write down that interview.

5. Sachin Tendulkar has become the World’s first batsman to get 200 runs in a one-day match. As the reporter of The Tribune visit him and interview him. Write down that imaginary interview. Ask him about his background, his love for cricket, his family and his future plans.

Haryana State Board HBSE 10th Class English Solutions Application Writing Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 10th Class English Application Writing

प्रार्थना-पत्र एवं पत्र लिखने के नियम

1. प्रार्थना-पत्र एवं पत्र लिखते समय निम्नलिखित बातों का ध्यान रखना चाहिए
(a) प्रार्थना-पत्र एवं पत्र को सदा सरल भाषा में लिखना चाहिए।
(b) प्रार्थना-पत्र एवं पत्र में विषय-संबंधी आवश्यक बातें ही लिखनी चाहिएँ। बेकार की या इधर-उधर की बातों का पत्रों में कोई स्थान नहीं होता।
(c) प्रार्थना-पत्र एवं पत्र जहाँ तक हो सके संक्षिप्त हो तथा उसमें पत्र-लेखक के विचार या उद्देश्य स्पष्ट व्यक्त किए जाने चाहिएँ।
(d) प्रार्थना-पत्र एवं पत्र लिखते समय यह ध्यान रखना चाहिए कि पत्र किसे लिखा जा रहा है। पत्र की भाषा एवं शैली पर उचित ध्यान देना चाहिए।
(e) अभद्र एवं कठोर भाषा का प्रयोग कभी नहीं करना चाहिए।
(f) भिन्न-भिन्न विचारों को, स्पष्टता के लिए अलग-अलग Paragraphs में लिखना चाहिए।

2. पत्रों के प्रकार पत्र मुख्यतः निम्नलिखित तीन प्रकार के होते हैं-
(a) Business Letters (व्यापार संबंधी पत्र)
(b) Official Letters (सरकारी या कार्यालयों संबंधी पत्र) तथा Applications (प्रार्थना-पत्र)
(c) Private (निजी) या Personal (व्यक्तिगत) Letters.

3. प्रार्थना-पत्र तथा पत्र के भाग-एक प्रार्थना-पत्र तथा पत्र के निम्नलिखित भाग हैं-
(a) THE HEADING :
इसमें पत्र भेजने वाले का पता एवं तिथि होते हैं। इसे पत्र के बाएँ हाथ की ओर रखा जाता है। जैसे-
18,Gandhi Nagar
Karnal
March 8, ……

NOTES :
(i) पते के सभी भागों को Commas द्वारा अलग-अलग दिखाना चाहिए।
(ii) तिथि के अंत में Full Stop लगाना चाहिए।
(ii) तिथि को प्रायः निम्नलिखित में से किसी एक प्रकार से लिख सकते हैं

May 7, ………. या 7th May, ………..

(b) THE INSIDE ADDRESS :
व्यक्तिगत पत्रों को छोड़कर अन्य पत्रों में The Heading के पश्चात पत्र के पाने वाले का पता लिखा जाता है। इसे बाएँ हाथ की ओर लिखा जाता है। प्रार्थना-पत्रों में पाने वाले के Address से पहले वाली पंक्ति में ‘To’ भी लिखा जाता है।

(c) THE SALUTATION :
इसका अर्थ है-संबोधन।
(i) Business Letters, Official Letters तथा Applications में प्रायः ‘Dear Sir’ या ‘Sir’ या ‘Dear Sirs’ आदि लिखा जाता है।
(ii) व्यक्तिगत पत्रों का संबोधन पत्र-लेखक और पत्र को पाने वाले के संबंध पर निर्भर करता है। मित्रों को प्रायः ‘Dear + नाम का प्रथम भाग’ या ‘My dear + नाम के प्रथम भाग से संबोधित किया जाता है।
(iii) संबंधियों को प्रायः ‘Dear + रिश्ता (संबंध) या ‘My dear + रिश्ता (संबंध)’ आदि से संबोधित किया जाता है।
(iv) औपचारिक (Formal) पत्रों में Dear Mr Sethi आदि लिखा जाता है, अर्थात ‘Dear Mr Ramesh Chand Sethi” आदि नहीं लिखा जाता।

(d) THE BODY :
यह पत्र का सबसे महत्त्वपूर्ण भाग है। इसी भाग में पत्र लेखक अपने विचार या उद्देश्य व्यक्त करता है। ध्यान रखना चाहिए कि एक प्रमुख विचार या उद्देश्य को एक Paragraph में लिखना चाहिए। आवश्यकतानुसार पत्र में एक से अधिक Paragraph भी हो सकते हैं।

(e) THE SUBSCRIPTION
पत्र के अंत को Subscription कहा जाता है। इसके लिए निम्नलिखित बातें ध्यान में रखना सहायक रहेगा-
(i) संबंधियों एवं मित्रों को लिखे जाने वाले पत्रों में
Your sincere friend.
Your loving son/daughter/father etc.
Your affectionate father/brother/mother etc.
या
Yours very sincerely
Yours sincerely
Yours affectionately
Yours truly
Yours very truly, आदि का प्रयोग करें।

(ii) औपचारिक पत्रों में Yours truly/Yours very truly/Yours faithfully/Yours respectfully/Yours obediently आदि का प्रयोग करें।

(iii) किसी संपादक के नाम लिखे पत्र में Yours truly या ‘Yours etc.’ का प्रयोग करें।

(f) THE SIGNATURE (हस्ताक्षर)
हस्ताक्षर में Mr या Miss या Professor या Dr. आदि शब्दों का प्रयोग न करें।

1. For Full Fee Concession

Write an application to the Principal of your school requesting him to grant you full fee concession.

To
The Principal
Govt. High School
Panipat
Subject: Full fee concession.
Sir
I am a student of the IXth class of your school. My father is a salesman in a private company. His salary is very small. He has a large family to support. So he cannot pay my school fee.

I am good at studies. Last year, I topped the class in the annual examination. I am the captain of my school cricket team.
You are requested to kindly grant me full fee concession.

Thanking you
Yours obediently Amarjeet
Class IX-A
May 10, 20 ……….

Word-Meanings : Salary (सैलरी) = वेतन; support (सपोर्ट) = पलना; topped (टॉप) = प्रथम आया।

2. For Remission of Fine

Write an application to the Principal of your school, for the remission of fine.

To
The Principal
Arya High School
Ambala Cantt
Subject: Remission of fine.
Sir
I am a student of the IX class of your school. Our English teacher gave us a test on Monday. I could not take the test as I was ill on that day. The teacher has fined me twenty rupees.

I am good at English. I have always got good marks in English. I never avoid taking test. If I had been well on that day, I would have taken the test. I am willing to take the test any time.

You are requested to kindly remit the fine. I shall always be thankful to you.
Thanking you
Yours obediently
Pankaj Kumar
Class IX-C
February 13,20 …………..

Word-Meanings : Remission (रिमिशन) = माफी; avoid (अवॉयड) = बचना।

3. Application for Change of Section

Write an application to the Principal of your School, requesting him to change your section.

To
The Principal
Arya Senior Secondary School
Kapurthala
Subject: Change of section.
Sir
With due respect, I wish to state that I am a student of IX-C of your school. All the other students of my colony study in section B. So we cannot do our home work together.
So, I request you to kindly change my section from C to B.
I shall be very thankful to you.

Yours obediently
Prahlad Singh
Class IX-C
May 10, 20 …………

Word-Meanings : Change (चेंज) = बदलना; homework (होमवर्क) = घर का काम

4. Application for The Arrangement of Drinking Water

Write an application to the Headmaster for making arrangements for drinking water in the school.

To
The Headmaster
Jain High School
Kamal
Subject: Arrangement of drinking water.
Sir
With due respect, I wish to state that there is no proper arrangement for drinking water in the school. There is only one tap for drinking water. It is summer season. Students get thirsty very soon. During the recess, there is a lot of rush at the tap. Some students have to remain thirsty.

You are requested to make proper arrangement for drinking water. There should be at least three or four water taps.
Thanking you
Yours obediently
Jyoti Sagar
Class IX-C
March 21, 20 ……….

Word-Meanings : Arrangements (अरेंजमेन्ट्स) = इतजाम; proper (प्रॉपर) = उचित; tap (टैप) = नल; season = मौसम

5. Application about Bad Condition of Toilets

You are Ritu. Your sister is studying in Govt. Girls Sen. Sec. School, ABC. During a visit of the school you saw the toilets in a very dirty condition. Write an application to the Principal drawing the attention pointing out about the foul smell emitting out of the toilets and the vulgar language written on the walls.

15-A
ABC City
10th November, 20………..

To
The Principal
Govt. Girls Sr. Sec. School
ABC
Subject: Complaint about bad condition of toilets.
Dear Sir,
With due respect I am to submit that my younger sister, Situ, is a student of IX-A class in your school. Yesterday, I had to visit my sister’s class teacher in the school. When I was passing from near the toilets a very foul smell was felt by my nose. It was such a bad smell that one could not breath there even for a little time. When I looked towards the toilets, I was pained to see that a vulgar language was written on the walls of the toilets.

Sir, I request you to do the needful to improve the miserable condition of the toilets keeping in mind the health issues of the students. Please make arrangement of proper cleaning of the toilets.
Thanks,

Yours faithfully
Ritu

Word-Meanings : Foul (‘फ़ाउल) = बदबूदार, pain (पैन) = दर्द या पीड़ा; vulgar(वलगर) = अशिष्ट

6. Application for The School Leaving Certificate

Write ah application to the Headmaster of your school, requesting him to issue to you a school leaving certificate.

To
The Headmaster
Govt. High School
Panipat
Subject: School leaving certificate.
Sir,
With due respect, I wish to state that I am a student of X-A class of your school. My father is a government officer. He has been transferred to Ludhiana. I cannot stay at here alone. I shall have to take admission at Ludhiana.
You are requested to issue me my school leaving certificate. I have cleared all the dues.
I shall be highly thankful to you for this.

Yours obediently
Pratiksha ,
Class X-A
March 8, 20……….

Word-Meanings : Transfer (ट्रांसफर ) = तबतला; stay (स्टे) = रहना

7. Application for School Uniforms and Free Text Books

Write an application to the Principal of your school, requesting him to give you the school uniform and text books free. Give reasons.

To
The Principal
Govt. Higher Secondary School
Kaithal
Subject: School uniform and free text books.
Sir,
With due respect, I wish to state that I am a student of X class of your school. 1 belong to a poor family. My father is a peon in an office. His salary is only five thousand rupees per month. My father cannot afford to buy school uniform and text books for me. I am a good student of the school. I always stand first in the class. I am in the good books of the teachers. You are requested to buy uniform and books for me from the school fund or from the Red Cross fund.
I shall be highly thankful to you for this.

Yours obediently
Jai Singh
Class X-A
April 9,20……….,

Word-Meanings : Uniform (यूनिफार्म) = वर्दी; afford (अफोर्ड) = वाहन करना।

8. Application for Leave for Mother’s Illness

Write an application to the Headmaster for leave of absence for one week on account of your mother’s illness. .
To
The Headmaster
D.A.V High School
Ambala
Subject: Leave for mother’s illness.
Sir,
With due respect, I wish to state that I am a student of class X-E of your school. My mother is suffering from fever. Her condition is serious. My father is not at home. He has gone on a tour. 1 am the only daughter of my parents. So I have to look after my mother.
You are requested to grant me leave for one week from 14th February to 20th February.
1 shall be thankful to you.

Yours obediently
Meena Kumari
Class X-E
February 14, 20………

Word-Meanings : Absence (अबसेेँसा) = अनुपस्थिति; look after (लुक आफ्टर। ) = देखाभला करना।

9. Application for An Educational Tour

You are Deepika of GS.S. School, X.Y.Z. Write an application to the Principal of your school on behalf of your classmates, requesting him/her to organise an educational tour to Pilani museum.
To
The Principal
GS.S. School
X.Y.Z.
7th March, 20………
Subject: Regarding organising an educational tour to Pilani Museum.

Madam,
With due respect on behalf of the 1 Oth class students I wish to request your goodself to arrange an educational tour to Pilani Museum. Forty students of our class are willing to go on this tour. They have even got the written consent of their parents. Our science teachers Mr. N.K. Das and Mrs. P. Kamat are also ready to go with us. Madam, this education tour will be highly helpful in our studies. It will give us a big practical knowledge. So your goodself is humbly requested to make an arrangement of this tour at the earliest.
Thanks,

Yours faithfully
Deepika

Word-Meanings : Arrange (अरेंज) = इंतजाम करना। educational(एज्यूकेशनल) = शेक्षिक।

10. For Character Certificate by Post

Write a letter to the Principal asking him to send you a character certificate by post.
118, Jain Colony
Jalandhar City
March 8,………..
To
The Principal
Govt. Senior Secondary School
Patiala,
Subject: Character pertificate by post.
Sir,
I am an old student of your school. I have passed class X from your school. Now I wish to apply for the job of a clerk in a private firm. So, I need a character certificate from you. I studied in your school from 2004 to 2006. 1 appeared in X class examination in March, 2006. I got 1st division in the examination. During my stay at school, I took part in all the social and literary activities of the school. I was the captain of the school cricket team in 2005.1 also took part in drama.
You are requested to kindly send me the character certificate by post.
Thanking you,

Yours obediently
Anup Singh
6th January, 20…………

Word-Meanings : Apply (अप्लाई) = आवेदन देना; social (सेशल) = सामाजिक; literary = (लिटरेरी) = साहित्यका; activities (एक्टिविटीज) = गतिविधयाँ।

11. To organise a Programme for teaching Road Safety Rules

You are Komal of GLS.S.S. X.Y.Z. Write an application to your principal to organise a programme for teaching Road Safety rules with the help of traffic police, Haryana.
To
The Principal G.S.S.S.
X.Y.Z.
Subject: Regarding programme for teaching Road Safety Rules.
Dear Sir,
With due respect, I wish to submit to your goodself to organise a programme for teaching Road Safety rules with the help of traffic police, Haryana. Sir, today a lot of accidents are taking place even. Involving the students due to the ignorance of Road Safety rules. Students are the frequent users of the roads. If they are fully aware about road safety rules, there will be less accidents. So awareness about road safety rules is very much necessary for the students. So, your goodself is requested to organise such a programme in our school.
Thanks
Yours faithfully
Komal
7th May, 20………..

Word-Meanings : Organise (और्गनाईज) = आयोजन करना; ignorance (इग्नॉरंस) = अज्ञानता; frequent (फ्रीक्वेन्ट्र) = अधिक; aware (अवेअर्य) = सावधान ।

12. Application For Sick Leave

Suppose you are Anupa Sayal, studying in Atam Public School, Kurukshetra. You are ill. Write an application to your Principal requesting him to grant you sick leave for four days.
To
The Principal Atam Public School
Kurukshetra
Subject: Sick leave for four days.
Sir,
With due respect, I wish to state that I am a student of X-B at your school. I am suffering from high fever. The doctor says that it is malaria. He says that it will take three or four days to recover. He had advised me to take rest for a further period of three days after recovery. You are therefore, requested to kindly grant me sick leave for four days.
Thanking you,

Yours obediently
Anupa Sayal
Class X-B
Roll No. 49
September 25, 20………..

Word-Meanings : Suffering (सफरिंग) = कष्ट; recovery (रिक्वरी) $=$ ठीक होना; period (पीरियड) = अवधि।

13. Application For Special Coaching Classes

You are Ajay of Gurugram. Write an application to the Principal of your school requesting him to arrange for special coaching classes for you in English. Give reasons why you want it.
To
The Principal
S.D. Sr. Sec. School
Gurugram
Subject: Arrangement for special coaching classes.
Hon’ble Sir,
Most respectfully I wish to submit before your goodself a big problem of X-A class. Sir, as you are well aware that our english teacher Mr P. Saxena is on leave for the last two months. So we have no regular teacher in this subject for all this period. Our syllabus is far behind for this subject. The annual examinations are drawing near. Sir, it will put a very adverse effect on our result. Therefore, you are requested to arrange special coaching class in english after the school hours. All the students of our class are willing to attend these classes. Any teacher of english is acceptable to us.
Thanking you,

Yours obediently
Ajay
Monitor X-A
December 20, 20………

Word-Meanings : Arrange (अरेंज) = प्रबंध करना; adverse (एडवस) = विपरीत/प्रतिकूल; effect (इफेक्ट) = प्रभाव।

Haryana State Board HBSE 10th Class English Solutions Dialogue Writing Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 10th Class English Dialogue Writing

Exercise 1

Suppose Ram has just come out of the Examination Hall after finishing his paper. Another examinee named Sham has also come out. They talk to each about their examination. Write down their conversation.

Ram : How have you done your paper?
Sham : I have done my paper well.
Ram : Is the paper easy?
Sham : It is not so easy.
Ram : Which question is difficult?
Sham : Question No. IV is rather difficult.
Ram : Is your answer to this question to the point ?
Sham : I think my answer to this question is also to the point.
Ram : From where is the question set?
Sham : The question is set from Chapter II of the book.
Ram : Which question is confusing?
Sham: Question on ‘Fill in the blanks’ is confusing.
Ram : What do you think about these two questions?
Sham : These two questions are out of the prescribed course.
Ram : What type of answers did you give to these questions?
Sham : I gave rather poor answers to these questions.
Ram : Are you satisfied with the answers you gave?
Sham : On the whole, I am satisfied with the answers I gave.

Exercise 2

Imagine that you went to the railway station to see off a friend. Your brother wanted to know what you saw there. Write the conversation between you and your brother.

Brother : Why did you go to the station?
You : I went to see off a friend.
Brother : How did you go there?
You : We went there in a taxi.
Brother : Was there rush at the booking-window?
You : Yes, there was a great rush at the booking-window.
Brother : Was there rush on the platform also?
You : There was a great rush on the platform also.
Brother : What were people doing at the platform ?
You : People were walking up and down the platform.
Brother : What were the porters doing ?
You : The porters were moving to and fro.
Brother : How long had you to wait ?
You : We had to wait for only ten minutes.
Brother : Did the train arrive on time ?
You : Yes, the train arrived on time.
Brother : When did you come back ?
You : I came back after the departure of the train

Exercise 3

Suppose your friend Sumit was travelling in a bus and his pocket was picked. His father wants to know about it. Write down the conversation between Sumit and his father.

Sumit’s father :Where was the money ?
Sumit : The money was in the purse.
Sumit’s father : How much money was there in the purse ?
Sumit : Five hundred rupees were in the purse.
Sumit’s father : Where did you put the purse?
Sumit : I put it in the inner pocket of my coat.
Sumit’s father : When did you find your pocket picked ?
Sumit : When I got down from the bus 1 found my pocket picked.
Sumit’s father : Did you inform the police ?
Sumit : Yes, I informed the police.
Sumit’s father : What did they say ?
Sumit : They said, they would try to find out the pick pocket.
Sumit’s father : How did you come home ?
Sumit : I came home in a taxi.
Sumit’s father : Do you know who travelled with you ?
Sumit ’ : No, I do not know anyone who travelled with me.
Sumit’s father : Have you any hope of getting the money back ?
Sumit : No, I have no hope of getting the money back.
Sumit’s father : Do you blame anybody for the loss?
Sumit : No, I don’t blame anybody for the loss.

Exercise 4

Imagine Rahul attended the Prize Distribution Function of his school. His friend Shubham wants to know about it. Write down the conversation between Rahul and Shubham.

Shubham : When did the Prize Distribution Function come off?
Rahul : The Prize Distribution Function came off December.
Shubham : Who presided over the function ?
Rahul : The Education Minister presided over the function.
Shubham : Where was he received ?
Rahul : He was received at the gate.
Shubham : Who sang a welcome song ?
Rahul : Some students sang a welcome song.
Shubham : Was the pandal full?
Rahul : Yes, the pandal was full.
Shubham : What did the Headmaster do at first ?
Rahul : At first, the Headmaster read the annual report.
Shubham : Who gave away the prizes ?
Rahul : The Education Minister gave away the prizes.
Shubham : What kind of speech did he make ?
Rahul : He made a short speech.
Shubham : What did he say to the prize-winners ?
Rahul : He congratulated the prize-winners.
Shubham : How many prizes did you get ?
Rahul : I got four prizes.

Exercise 5

Suppose Abhishek has English friend named Johnson who visited him and wanted to know about the Jama Masjid. Write down the conversation between Johnson and Abhishek.

Johnson : Where is Jama Masjid situated ?
Abhishek : It is situated in Delhi.
Johnson : Who built it ?
Abhishek : It was built by Shahjahan.
Johnson : Which great building does it face ?
Abhishek : It faces the Red Fort.
Johnson : On how many sides do we see steps ?
Abhishek : We see steps on its three sides
Johnson : How long did it take to complete it ?
Abhishek : It was completed in six years.
Johnson : From where do the people visit it ?
Abhishek : It is visited by the people from far and wide.
Johnson : Who prays in the Jama Masjid ?
Abhishek : The Muslims pray in it.

Exercise 6

Imagine your brother met with an accident You went to see him in the hospital. Your friend, Ankit, wants to know about his condition. Write down the conversation between you and Ankit Ankit ; Why did you go to the Civil Hospital?

You : I went to the C vil Hospital to see my brother.
Ankit : What happened to him?
You : He had met with an accident.
Ankit : Was any of his limbs broken?
You : Yes, his left arm was broken.
Ankit : How was he carried to the hospital ?
You : He was carried in an ambulance.
Ankit : How was his arm ?
You : His arm had been plastered.
Ankit : How long will he remain in the hospital ?
You : He will remain for two days in the hospital.
Ankit : Who will look after him?
You : My mother will look after him.
Ankit : When will you go there again ? .
You : I shall go there in the evening.
Ankit : Will you take me with you ?
You : Yes, I shall take you with me.
Ankit : How long will it take him to recover ?
You : He will recover in two months.

Practice Questions For Conversation:

1. Suppose a friend of yours wants to know about your school library. Write down the conversation between you and your friend.

2. Imagine that you went on tour during the holidays. A friend of yours wanted to know all about your tour. Write down this imaginary conversation.

3. Suppose you go to bus stand to enquire about the bus timings from Ludhiana to Chandigarh. Write down the conversation between you and the enquiry clerk.

4. Suppose you were to appear before the principal of a college for an interview. Write down this imaginary conversation between you and the principal.

5. Suppose you want to book train tickets in advance for going from Chandigarh to Hyderabad. You go the enquiry window to ask about the name of the train, the train fare and other details. Write down this imaginary conversation between you and the enquiry clerk.

Haryana State Board HBSE 10th Class English Solutions Narrating (Story Writing) Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 10th Class English Narrating (Story Writing)

Narrating (Stories)

1. The Lion And The Mouse
Or
Do Good, Have Good

Outline: A lion asleep ……………… a mouse jumps on his body ……………… lion awakens ……………… loses temper ……………… catches mouse ……………… mouse frightened ……………… requested ……………… kind ……………… might help some day ……………… lion caught in net ……………… mouse bites with teeth ……………… set free ……………… Moral.

Once there was a lion in the jungle. He was sleeping. A mouse lived nearby. It came out of its hole. It began to jump over the lion. The lion woke up. He caught the mouse. The mouse begged for mercy. The lion took pity on it. He let it go.

One day a hunter came into the jungle. He cast his net. The same lion was caught in it. He began to roar. The mouse heard his roar. It came out. It cut the net. The lion was free. He thanked the mouse.

Moral: Do good, have good.

2. The Hare And The Tortoise
Or
Slow And Steady Wins The Race
Or
Pride Hath A Fall

Outline: A hare ……………… laughs at a tortoise. slow speed ……………… they agree to run a race. hare runs fast. ……………… goes much ahead ……………… sleeps on the way. ……………… the tortoise moves on ……………… wins the race ……………… Moral.

Once there was a hare. He lived in a jungle. There was a tortoise also. They became friends. One day the hare laughed at the tortoise. He said that the tortoise was very slow. The tortoise could not bear the insult. He asked the hare to run a race.

A goal was fixed. The race began. The hare ran fast. He came much ahead. He thought of taking rest. He fell asleep. The tortoise moved slowly. But he went on. He did not stop. He passed by the hare. The hare was sleeping. The tortoise reached the goal.
After some time, the hare woke up. He ran fast. But the tortoise had won the race.

Moral: Slow and steady wins the race.

3. The Wolf And The Lamb
Or
Might Is Right

Outline : A wolf at a river ……………… drinking water ……………… see a lamb ……………… lamb is drinking lower down ……………… wishes to eat lamb ……………… makes lamb excuses ……………… kills the lamb and ate it up ……………… Moral.

Once there was a wolf. He felt thirsty. He went to a river. He started drinking water. He saw a lamb. It was also drinking water. It was lower down. The wolf’s mouth watered. He wanted to eat the lamb. He said to the lamb, “Why are you making the water muddy?” The lamb replied, “Sir, the water is flowing from you to me. How can I make it muddy ?”

Now the wolf said, “Why did you abuse me last year?” The lamb replied, “I was not even bom then.” At this the wolf again said, “Then it must be your mother.” Saying this he killed the lamb. Then he ate it up.

Moral: Might is right.

4. Two Friends And The Bear
Or
A Friend In Need Is A Friend Indeed

Outline : Two friends ……………… pass through a jungle ……………… they saw a bear. ……………… one climbes up a tree ……………… the other lies down ……………… the bear smells him ……………… goes away ……………… the first friend asks what the bear said ……………… Beware of a false friend ……………… Moral.

Mohan and Sohan were two friends. Mohan was a good friend. But Sohan was selfish. One day they passed through a jungle. They saw a bear. They were afraid. Sohan at once climbed up a tree. He did not care for Mohan. Mohan lay down on the ground. He held his breath. The bear came and smelt him. He thought that Mohan was dead. He went away. Sohan came down. He went to Mohan and asked, “What did the bear say in your ear?” Mohan replied, “The bear asked me to beware of false friends.”

Moral: Beware of selfish friends.

5. The Hidden Treasure

Or
No Pains, No Gains

Outline : An old farmer ……………… three sons ……………… idle ……………… always quarrelling ……………… father dying ……………… calls his sons ……………… tells them that there is a treasure in the field ……………… dies ……………… the sons dig the field ……………… there is no treasure ……………… they sow the seed ……………… rich harvest ……………… Moral.

Once there was an old farmer. He had three sons. They were idle. They did nothing. They were always quarrelling. One day the farmer fell ill. He knew that his death was near. He called his sons. He said, “There is a treasure in our field. Dig it out after my death.” Then the farmer died.

The sons went to the field. They dug the whole field. But there was no treasure. A wise man advised them to sow wheat. They sowed wheat. They had a good crop. They learnt the value of hard work. They began to work hard.

Moral: No pains, no gains.

6. Honesty Is The Best Policy
Or
God Mercury And The Woodcutter

Outline : Once a woodcutter ……………… cutting a tree ……………… axe fell into the water. ……………… God appeared ……………… golden axe ……………… woodcutter refused. ……………… silver axe ……………… then iron axe ……………… god pleased. ……………… Moral.

Once there was a poor woodcutter. One day he was cutting a tree on the bank of a river. His axe fell into the water. He was sad. God Mercury appeared. He asked the woodcutter why he was sad. The woodcutter said that his axe had fallen into the water. God Mercury dived. He brought out a golden axe. But the woodcutter said, “This is not mine.” The God dived again. He brought out a silver axe. But the woodcutter said again, “This is not mine.”

At last the God brought an iron axe. The woodcutter was happy. He said, “This axe is mine.” The God was pleased at his honesty. He gave him all the three axes.

Moral: Honesty is the best policy.

7. The Dove And The Bee
Or
One Good Turn Deserves Another
Or
Do Good, Have Good

Outline : A bee falls into the water ……………… a dove helps it. ……………… throws a leaf into the water ……………… the bee gets on it ……………… it flies away ……………… some days pass ……………… a hunter comes ……………… he aims at the dove ……………… the bee sees ……………… it stings the hunter ……………… the bee is saved ……………… Moral.

Once there was a bee. It felt thirsty. It went to the river. It fell into the river. It was about to die. A dove saw it. She plucked a leaf. She threw the leaf into the water. The bee got on to it. Its life was saved. It flew away.

Some days passed. A hunter came. He saw the dove. He aimed at the dove. The bee saw all this. It stung the hunter. His gun fell down. The dove flew away. She thanked the bee.

Moral: Do good, have good.

8. United We Stand. Divided We Fall
Or
Union Is Strength

Outline : An oldfarmer ……………… his sons always quarrel ……………… sends for them ……………… gives them a bundle
of sticks to break ……………… sons unable to do so ……………… asks them to untie the bundle ……………… sticks broken one by
one ……………… Moral.

There was a farmer. He had four sons. They always quarrelled with one another. The farmer was very sad. He advised them not to quarrel. But in vain.

One day the farmer fell ill. He knew that his end was near. He called his sons. He gave them a bundle of sticks. He asked them to break it. But they failed to do so. Then the bundle was untied. The farmer asked his sons to break the sticks one by one. Each son broke the sticks. The father said, “Be united like the bundle. If you are united, none will harm you.” The sons leamt a lesson. They never quarrelled again.

Moral: Union is strength.

9. The Fox And The Crow
Or
Beware of Flatterers

Outline : A hungryfox ……………… sees a crow with a piece ofcheese wants to have it ……………… praises the crow ……………… the piece of cheese falls down ……………… eats it up ……………… goes away ……………… Moral.

Once there was a fox. He was very hungry. He went here and there in search of food. But he did not get food anywhere. At last he reached a garden. There he saw a crow in the tree. The crow had a piece of cheese in his beak.

The fox was very clever. He began to praise the crow. He said, “Dear crow ! You are very beautiful. Your voice is very sweet. Please sing me a song.” The crow was taken in. He opened the beak to sing. The piece of cheese fell down. The fox ate it up and went away.

Moral: Beware of flatterers.

10. The Shepherd Boy And The Wolf

Outline : A shepherd boy ……………… habit, of telling lies ……………… grazes sheep ……………… decides to make fun of villagers ……………… cries, wolf wolf ……………… villagers come ……………… one day a wolfreally comes ……………… cries ……………… but nobody comes ……………… Moral.

Once there was a shepherd boy. He grazed his sheep outside the village. There was a forest nearby. One day the shepherd boy was grazing his sheep. He thought of making fun of the villagers. He started shouting, “Wolf ! Wolf ! Come and save me.” The villagers came running. There was no wolf. The boy laughed at them. He said that it was a joke. The villagers were angry. They went away.

One day a wolf really came there. The shepherd boy cried for help. But the villagers thought that he was joking. They did not come. The wolf killed many sheep. It wounded the boy. The boy leamt a lesson. He never told a lie again.

Moral: Never tell a lie.

11. The Greedy Dog
Or
Greed Is A Curse

Outline : A dog. ……………… was very hungry ……………… in search of food ……………… reaches a shop ……………… steals a piece of meat. ……………… goes to a river ……………… reflection ……………… barks ……………… .piece of meat falls into water ……………… Moral.

A dog was very hungry. He went here and there. But he did not find food anywhere. He stole a piece of meat from a meat shop. He wanted to eat it alone. So he went to the jungle.

There was a river on the way. When he went on the bridge, he saw his own reflection in the water. He thought that it was another dog. That dog also had a piece of meat. This dog was greedy to get that piece also. So he barked at him. His own piece of meat fell into the water. He was very sad. But it was too late.

Moral: Greed is a curse.

12. The Fox And The Goat

Outline : The fox ……………. thisty in search of good …………….. reaches a shop steals a piece of meat …………….. goes to a river …………… reflection …………….. barks …………. piece of meat falls into water ……………….. Moral.

Once there was a fox. He was thirsty. He went to a well. He tried to drink water. By chance he fell into the well. He was sad.

A goat came there. She looked into the well. The fox said to her, “The water is cold and sweet.Please come in.” The foolish goat believed him. She jumped into the well. The fox climbed up the goat. He came out of the well. The goat died there.

Moral: Look before you leap.

13. The Cap Seller And The Monkeys

Outline : A cap seller. ……………… going to a village ……………… a bundle of caps in his hands ……………… falls asleep under a tree ……………… monkeys on the tree ……………… they take away his caps ……………… the cap seller wakes up ……………… throws down his cap ……………… the monkeys do the same ……………… Moral.

Once there was a cap seller. He had a bundle of caps. He was going to a village. There was a forest on the way. It was very hot. He wanted to take rest. He lay under a tree. He fell asleep.

There were some monkeys on the tree. They came down. They took away all his caps. The cap seller woke up. He found his caps missing. He looked up. He saw the monkeys. The caps were on their heads. The cap seller thought of apian. He threw down his cap. The monkeys also threw down their caps. The cap seller got his caps. He went away.

Moral: Do not give up hope in difficulty.

14. The Hen That Laid Golden Eggs
Or
Greed Is A Curse

Outline : A farmer. ……………… had a wonderful hen ……………… laid a golden egg daily ……………… greedy ……………… wanted to have all the eggs ……………… killed the hen ……………… felt sorry ……………… Moral.

Once there was a farmer. He had a wonderful hen. It laid one golden egg daily. The farmer soon became rich. The farmer was greedy. He thought there were many eggs in the hen. He wanted to get all the eggs at once. He thought of a plan. He killed the hen. But there was no egg inside it. The farmer became sad. But it was too late. He had lost his hen.

Moral: Greed is a curse.

15. The Tailor And The Elephant

Outline : An elephant. ……………… goes to the river daily ……………… a tailor’s shop ……………… the elephant and the tailor became friends ……………… one day tailor pricks elephant’s trunk ……………… elephant spoils his clothes ……………… Moral.

Once there was an elephant. He went to the river daily. He took bath in the river. There was a tailor’s shop on the way. The tailor gave bananas to the elephant daily. They became friends.

One day, the tailor was angry. The elephant came. The tailor did not welcome him. The elephant put his trunk into the shop. The tailor pricked his trunk with a needle. The elephant was angry. But he went away.

The elephant went to the river. He filled his trunk with dirty water. He came back. He threw the dirty water into the shop. Tailor’s new clothes were spoiled. The tailor was sad.

Moral: Tit for tat.

16. The Thirsty Crow
Or
Where There Is A Will, There Is A Way

Outline : A hot day of summer ……………… a crow was very thirsty ……………… in search of water ……………… saw a pitcher ……………… water was low ……………… .put pebbles in the pitcher ……………… water came up ……………… drank it ……………… flew away ……………… Moral.

It was sumiper. It was very hot. A crow was thirsty. He flew here and there in search of water. But he did not find water anywhere. He reached a garden.

The crow saw a pitcher of water. But the water was very low. His beak could not reach it. He saw some pebbles near the pitcher. The crow thought of a plan. He picked the pebbles one by one. He put them into the pitcher. The water rose up. He drank the water and flew away.

Moral: Where there is a will, there is a way.

17. The Fox And The Grapes
Or
The Grapes Are Sour

Outline : A fox hungry ……………… sees some grapes ……………… tries to get them ……………… fails to do so ……………… says
that grapes are sour ……………… Moral.

Once there was a fox. He was very hungry. He went here and there in search of food. But he did not get food anywhere. At last he reached a garden. There he saw ripe grapes. His mouth watered. He wanted to eat them.

The grapes were very high. The fox jumped again and again. But he could not get at them. Soon he was tired. He went away saying. “These grapes are sour. I shall not eat them.”

Moral: The grapes are sour.

18. Bad Company

Outline: A boy ……………… bad company ……………… father ……………… reform ……………… buy ……………… good apples ……………… asks the boy to place one bad apple ……………… all apples ……………… rotten ……………… the boy learns the lesson ……………… moral.

A rich man had only one son. He loved him very much. But the boy fell into a bad company. He remained away from home. He did not obey his father. The father thought of a plan. One day the father brought home some apples. The apples were very fine. He also brought a rotten apple. He asked his son to put the rotton apple with the fine apples. After a couple of days, the father asked the son to bring the apples.

The son brought the apples : when he took them out of the basket all the apples were rotten. At this, the father told his son that one rotten apple had spoiled all the fine apples. In the same way, the company of bad boys will spoil you. The son learnt a lesson.

Moral: Better alone than in a bad company. Or Avoid bad company.

Haryana State Board HBSE 10th Class English Solutions Paragraph Writing Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 10th Class English Paragraph Writing

1. How I Spent My Last Sunday

Last Sunday we went out on a picnic. We went to Badkhal Lake. This lake is situated near Faridabad. This is a natural lake among rocks. It is very deep and wide. The Haryana government has developed the lake and the area around it into a fine picnic spot. 1 went to the lake with my friends. There is facility of boating. We took three boats and did a lot of boating on the lake. One of my friends had a good camera with him. He took our snaps in various poses. There is a very good restaurant on the bank of this lake. This is run by the tourist department of Haryana. In the afternoon we took our meals in the restaurant. Then we took rest on the lawns. A friend of mine sang songs. I sang a gazal. After sometime we took a walk around the lake. In the evening we came back. I will never forget that pleasant Sunday.

2. Recent Floods In Our State

Last year, the monsoon in Haryana was in a great fury. It rained continuously and heavily for fifteen days. This caused floods everywhere in Haryana. Many villages were affected by these floods. The standing crops were drowned in water. Many mud-houses fell down. The condition was not much better in the cities. The road and railway traffic was disrupted. Trees were uprooted. In many villages people passed their time on house tops or on the trees. Many people died of hunger. A great number of cattle died. Water diseases spread everywhere. The Government rushed help to the people caught in the floods. The army was called to help the civil officers. Food packets were dropped by aeroplanes also. Many people were taken to safe places. But the sight of the flood was unbearable.

3. Price Hike

Price hike or rising prices are the terms used to denote rise in prices of goods and services. Price hike is a common phenomenon and happens in most economies. For the common man, a hike in prices is always a matter of some concern. In an economy like India the concern is even bigger because a big part of our population is below poverty line and near to poverty line. For the common man, a price hike in one particular commodity can affect his entire budget and cut into his savings. In our country prices of vegetables are most vulnerable. Sometimes the prices of onions and tomatoes sour so high that people are stunned. There are many factors behind the price hike. In some cases the false shortage of commodities created by the black market traders cause the price hike. This type of hike creates panic among the people. Thus the government must take stem actions against the people involved in black market trading.

4. My First Visit To A Big City

I live in a small town. But last month I visited Delhi. It is the capital of India. It is a very big city. I was wonder-struck to see the life in this big city. There is big rush in Delhi. People are rushing from here to there all the day. The rush and traffic increase at about 9 A.M. When people go to offices, schools and colleges. There is again a great rush at about six in the evening when people come home from offices. I saw big buildings in Delhi. The railway station and the bus stand are big and crowded. There are a number of cinema houses in Delhi. While loitering on the road, 1 felt thirsty. I looked for a tap or a hand pump but 1 found none. 1 was surprised to find that even drinking water is sold there. I visited the Parliament House, the Zoo, the Red Fort and the Birla Mandir. I heaved a sigh of relief when I returned to the calm and peaceful atmosphere of my small tow n.

5. My Visit To A Hill Station

Last year, I visited Mussourie. I and two of my friends went together. Mussourie is a beautiful hill station. It is surrounded by tall and majestic hills. From Dehradun, Mussourie is only one hour away by bus. The way to Mussourie from Dehradun is very steep. At night one can see the beautiful and shining city of Mussourie from Dehradun. In the same way, from Mussourie one can see below the lights of Dehradun at night. There are a number of beauty spots in and around Mussourie.

Thousands of tourists visit this hill station from India and the other countries. We stayed at Mussourie for a week. We went to see the Kempti Falls. We had a beautiful glimpse of the Himalayas from Lai Tibba hill. We enjoyed a ride in the rope-way trollies at gunhill. We visited Dhanllti also. The lake at Mussourie is small but beautiful. We did some shopping at the Chinese market. The memory of my visit to Mussourie will always remain fresh in my mind.

6. A Visit To A Historical Place

Last year, I went to Agra with one of my friends. We saw many buildings there. We went to see the Red Fort and the buildings at Fatehpur Sikri. But I was charmed by the beauty of the Taj Mahal. We saw the Taj in a full moon night. This glorious building was shining beautifully. Inside the Taj, there are graves of Shah Jahan and his queen Mumataz Mahal. Shah Jahan built this great building in the memory of his queen. When he died, he was also buried in the Taj. This grand building stands on the bank of the river Yamuna. The marble for the Taj Mahal was brought from Rajasthan. Every year a great number of tourists from all over the world come to see the Taj Mahal. The Agra City itself is not beautiful. The streets of the old city are narrow and dirty. But Agra is world famous because of the Taj Mahal.

7. My Visit To An International Trade Fair

Every year, an International Trade Fair is held at Delhi. Last year I also visited the International Trade Fair. It was held at the Pragati Maidan in New Delhi. I went with our school tour. We made our entry from Gate No. 1 and went inside. There was a lot of rush. Thousands of people and school and college students had come to visit this trade fair. Nearly all the states of India had set up their pavilions. These pavilions highlighted the industrial development achieved by each state. Apart from the industrial and technical progress, these pavilions gave a glimpse of the cultural life of these states. Many countries of the world also took part in it. They had put their stalls in a big building called ‘The Hall of Nations’. The main attractions of the fair was electronic goods.

8. How A Stranger Helped You

Last week, I was travelling in a train. I was going to New Delhi to see my sister. At a station I got down to buy a water bottle. But the train started to move before its time. I ran fastly to catch the train. Suddenly, I fell down and got hurt badly. One of the passengers saw me. He came to me and helped me in boarding the train. He took me to my seat. He gave me some water. He cleaned my wounds with his own handkerchief. Then he got some medicines and bandages from the nearby passengers. He gave me some tablets and put bandages on my wounds. He also helped me to reach at my sisters home. He was a very kind man. I will never forget him. Now, I have also decided to help others in their problems.

9. My Visit To A Zoo

Last Sunday, I happened to visit Delhi. There I went to see the Zoo. I went there with my uncle. The zoo in Delhi is one of the biggest zoo in Asia. It is situated near the Old Fort. As we entered the zoo, first of all, we saw birds. There were many kinds of birds. Some of them were very beautiful and rare. In the beginning there were water birds and then other kinds of birds. We saw ducks, geese, swans, parrots, cranes, herons, peacocks and many other birds. Then we saw the wild beasts. We saw lions, tigers, rhinos, bears and wolves. We enjoyed an elephant ride also. In a big pond there were hippos also. Their big mouths were fearful to look at. There is a separate enclosure for snakes. Some of these snakes looked fearful. We also saw huge crocodiles and alligators. We came back in the evening.

10. Role Of Newspapers

Reading of newspapers has become a habit for most of the people. Newspapers have a very important place in our life. A good newspaper is very useful for society. It satisfies the tastes of all kinds of people. A newspaper gives us latest news about the national and international events. For businessmen, there are advertisements. There is a sports page for the lovers of sports. The unemployed people can look for vacancies. There are matrimonial columns for the unmarried people. A good newspaper is a watch-dog of democracy. It fights against the injustice of the government. It informs people about what is happening in the society. A good newspaper is a source of entertainment also. Its Sunday edition carries articles and stories. Thus newspapers have become an important part of our life.

11. Torrential Rains In My Village

This year there were heavy rains in many parts of North India. There were torrential rains in our village and the surrounding areas. At first, people welcome rains. They got relief from the scorching heat of the summer. But soon the rains became a source of trouble. It continued raining for ten days. The people of the village faced a lot of difficulty. The streets of the village were full of water. As these are kutcha streets, they became muddy and slippery. There was a flood in the nearby ri ver. The flood water entered the village also. The standing crops were destroyed. A number of kutcha houses collapsed due to flood and continuous torrential rains. Many cattle died. The normal life was disrupted. Our village was cut off from the other villages or cities because the roads were washed away. After ten days, the rains stopped. But still it took many days for life to return normally.

12. When I Caught A Pick-Pocket

Last week, I went to Delhi to meet my uncle. In the evening we went to the Connaught Place. Suddenly a man cried that his pocket had been picked. Someone had taken out his purse from his back pocket. I saw that a man was running away. There was no doubt that he was the pick-pocket. I ran after him. It was a time of traffic rush. It was not easy to run after him on the busy roads of New Delhi. But I did not lose courage. At one point, he seemed to have been lost in the traffic. But I spotted him again because of his red shirt. At last 1 caught him near Palika Bazar. In the mean time a few other persons had gathered there. The pick-pocket took out a knife to strike me. But the crowd which had gathered there over-powered him and handed him over to the police. The man whose pocket had been picked also came there. He thanked me greatly when I returned his purse to him.

13. Travelling On The Roof Of A Crowded Bus

One day I was to go to Assandh from Kamal. It was very urgent for me to reach Assandh before 10 a.m. I reached Kamal bus stand at 8 a.m. There was a great rash at the bus stand. No bus had left for Assandh for the last thirty minutes. There was no sign of bus for my destination. I could do nothing but wait. After a long wait ultimately a private bus came. The conductor announced to board for Assandh. A big crowd rushed to board the bus. Everybody was in a hurry. I did try my best but in vain. The bus was almost packed. Not a single person could get in now. I was helpless. Then the conductor asked the passengers to sit on the roof of the bus. Soon the roof was also full. I made my mind to follow the crowd. I also climbed up the roof of the bus. The bus started for Assandh at 9 a.m. It was a frightening experience for me to travel on the roof of the bus but I thanked God when I reached Assandh and got down the bus.

14. When I Was Punished By My Teacher

I will never forget the day when I was punished by my teacher. It was the period of English. Our English teacher Sh. Ved Parkash Khanna was teaching us. The chapter was boring. I thought of having some fun. I made a paper aeroplane. When the teacher turned his back to write on he black-board, I flew the aeroplane. I wanted to send it to my friend sitting in the last row. But due to wind, the paper aeroplane flew towards the teacher. It settled on his bald head. All the boys of the class roared with laughter. The teacher became red with anger. From the comer of his eye, he had seen me flying the paper aeroplane. He took his stick and beat me. I felt pain but I tolerated it. It was my mistake. So I felt sorry and asked the teacher to forgive me. The teacher forgave me but I felt pained as I had been beaten before my class-fellows.

15. How I Felt When I Reached The Examination Hall Late

On 1st March, I set out of my house for taking my examination. It was the paper of English on that day. I went to the bus stand to catch the local bus. But due to rain, the local buses were not running on that day. I took a three-wheeler and asked the driver to rush me to the examination centre. But unluckily, a tyre of the three¬wheeler got burst on the way. I was worried as the time for the examination was drawing near. Luckily, I saw one of my friends going on a cycle. I asked him to give me a lift. He agreed, and I sat behind him on the bicycle. But the examination centre was far away. He tried his best but 1 reached the examination hall half an hour late. The examination had already started. Tears came into my eyes. But the Superintendent was a kind man. He told me not to worry and admitted me to the examination hall. His kind words gave me courage and I started writing my answers. I fared well in the examination. I will always remain indebted to that kind superintendent.

16. Watching A Cricket Match On T.V. Screen

Cricket has become a very popular game in our country. I am also fond of cricket. Recently 1 watched the one day cricket match between India and Pakistan for the World Cup. I remained sitting before the T.V. set for the whole day, watching the match. It is joyful to watch a cricket match on the T.V. screen. Three of my friends also came to my house. We four friends watched the cricket match together. It is a pleasure to see a cricket match alongwith our friends. We can gossip while watching the game. We can share our joy when Indian team plays well. The match between Pakistan and India was very interesting. India won the match by their superior batting and bowling. Dhoni, Sachin Tendulkar and Gautam Gambhir batted well. But it was the bowling of Harbhajan and Shri Kant which brought us victory.

17. How I Helped The Victims Of An Accident

Last Sunday there was an accident in our city. A bus collided with a truck. Six bus passengers died at once. More than twenty passengers were wounded. Ten of them were in a serious condition. I was passing by that area when the accident occurred. 1 at once decided to help the injured passengers. I stopped the taxis and rickshaws and requested them to take the passengers to the hospital. In a few minutes all the ten seriously wounded passengers were taken to the hospital. The doctors at once attended to them. But five of these passengers immediately needed blood transfusion. Unluckily the blood was not available in the hospital. So I rushed to my college. 1 talked to my friends and told them about the accident. Within a few minutes seven boys agreed to donate blood. We all rushed to the hospital. We told the doctors to take our blood. Our blood was given to the seriously injured passengers and their lives were saved.

18. ‘Telephone : A Nuisance’

In today’s world demand of telephone as well as mobile phone is souring day-by-day. It has taken place of calenders, clocks, dictionary, etc. Apart from all its advantages, it has many disadvantages. The children these days are becoming addicted to mobile phones. They are getting serious brain disorders and personality disorders. It has started harming their health as they are becoming lazy. Their physical growth is hampered because they are stuck to mobile phones all the time. Sometimes while walking on the roads, people are used to talking on phone. They forget about road signals and meet serious accidents. It has harmed the social fabric of the society also. If there are five members in a family sitting in their drawing room, they have little time to talk to one another. Each one of them is busy with the mobile phone using facebook or twitter account. Thus telephone has become a nuisance to the modem society.

19. Corruption In Public Life

Corruption has become very common these days. This evil is spread in all fields of life. Taking and giving of bribes is a common thing now. Nobody feels any shame about it. In today’s life nothing can be done without bribes. In government offices, the clerks as well as officers openly demand bribes. We have become immoral. We are running after money all the time. This desire for more and more money has made us corrupt. But there is an urgent need to fight against corruption. We should neither demand nor give bribes. This is not only a legal crime but also a crime against morality. The government has made anti-comlption laws. But only laws cannot do anything. We must change our own character. We must fight against corruption. We should boycott those persons who are corrupt. They should be put to shame. Only then we can check the growing corruption.

20. My Experience At An Nss Camp

Last year, I attended an NSS Camp at village Kashipur. This camp was organised by the NSS unit of our school. The aim of the camp was to educate the villagers about cleanliness and adult education. The duration of the camp was fifteen days. We found that the villagers were illiterate. We taught them how to read and write. We met the Zamindar of the village. His name was Shibu Babu. We asked him to work for the welfare of the villagers. We taught the villagers how to keep their streets neat and clean. We went into the houses of
many persons. We also met Gafur. He was a very poor villager. But he was a kind man. He offered us tea. We enjoyed our NSS camp greatly. Time passed very fast. At last the camp came to end and we returned to our homes.

21. Helping The Flood Affected People

Last year, there were wide-spread floods in Haryana. Many areas were completely submerged in water. A great number of people became homeless. Their crops and houses were destroyed. There was a huge loss of life and property. Many water-borne disease were spread. However, many good people helped the victims of floods. A number of organizations came to the help of the flood affected people. A number of camps were organised. Here, people were given free food, shelter and medicines. Some teams of doctors went from village to village and distributed free medicines. Some people were trapped in their village. The government dropped food packets to them from helicopters. Some marooned people were saved with the help of boats.

22. When I Celebrated My Birthday

Last month, I celebrated my 16th birthday. It was celebrated with pomp and show. The big drawing room of our house was decorated beautifully. My father had invited all his close friends. I had invited all my class- fellows. Many families from our colony were invited. The birthday cake was big and beautifully made. Sixteen candles were put on it. These candles showed that it was my sixteenth birthday. I touched the feet of my parents and received their blessings. Then I blew out the sixteen candles one by one. All the guests shouted with joy, “Happy birthday to you.” Then I cut the birthday cake and distributed its small pieces among the guests. I got beautiful presents from my near and dear ones. My father had arranged an orchestra for this purpose. It presented very good programme of music. In the end, the guests were given a dinner. I will never forget my sixteenth birthday.

23. The Morning Scene In A Village

Life in a village is calm and peaceful. The morning scene in a village is very different from that in a city. In the village, the atmosphere is very peaceful. There is no noise or sound. The air is pure and fresh. Birds are chirping in the trees. Last week I went to one of my friends who lives in a village. I spent the night with him. In the morning, we went out for a walk. It was a pleasant experience. The farmers and labourers were going to work in the fields in the early morning. The sight of the crops waving in the wind gave me a lot of pleasure. We went to the river that lies beyond the village. In the morning light, the water of the river looked clean and sparkling. Some persons were taking bath in the river. We also took off our clothes and jumped into the river. The cool and fresh water refreshed our bodies and minds. Indeed the morning scene in a village is very pleasant.

24. A Visit To Rajghat

Rajghat is a great monument of Modem India. It is a sacred place. It is the place where the body of Mahatma Gandhi, Father of the Nation, was cremated. It is situated in Delhi on the banks of the Jamuna. It has become a place of pilgrimage. I went to see it along with my school friends. We went along a stony path that led us to the inner gates. Then we reached the Samadhi of Mahatma Gandhi. It is a mound covered with black stone slab. On the slab, the word “Hey Ram” are carved. These were the last words uttered by the Mahatma. We saw a variety of flowers all around and an air of peace appeared to be prevailing all over the place. We paid our homage to the great soul. This place is visited by all the foreign dignitaries who come to India. It is a place of utmost sanctity.

25. A Science Fair

Last week a science fair was organized in our school. It was organized by the Science Club of our school. The students and the teachers had worked hard for the fair. The fair was held in the big hall of the school. The District Education Officer inaugurated the Science Fair. The aim of the fair was to show the progress of our country in the field of science. Secondly, it aimed at creating interest for science among the students. In the fair, more than 12 items were on display. Most of these were working models. The model of the steam engine was wonderful. Then there were charts which showed how an atomic chain reaction takes place. The model of the space rocket was fascinating. The students who ran the different stalls, explained things with confidence. Apart from the students, people from the city also visited the fair. They were impressed by it. The District Education Officer appreciated the work done by the students and the teachers.

26. An Ideal Citizen

The greatness of a country depends on the quality of its citizens. An ideal citizen fights for his rights. But he first performs his duties and then demands his rights. An ideal citizen knows the value of his vote. Therefore, he votes for the most deserving candidate no matter to which party he belongs. An ideal citizen is broad-minded. He does not hate the people belonging to the other castes or religions. An ideal citizen follows the path of reason. He is not a slave to old customs and traditions. He is ready to adopt the good wherever he finds it and give up the evil wherever it may be. An ideal citizen always keeps hjmself away from evil. Because he does no wrong, he is fearless and always holds his head high. An ideal citizen is law-abiding and has respect for the rights of his fellow-citizens. He is hard working and earns his living only through honest means. It is on such ideal citizens that the future of a country depends.

27. Knowledge Is Power

Gone are the days when might was right. There is no doubt that a man who is physically strong and whose purse is full, commands power over others. But the power of knowledge is greater. A man of knowledge can overcome even wealthy persons.

Knowledge enables man to discriminate between right and wrong, between good and bad. It enables man to face dangers and difficulties with courage and confidence. It gives him mental, moral and spiritual advancement. In the past man lived in caves in the jungles. He was afraid of animals. But as he gained knowledge, he gained mastery over nature. He gained mastery over wild beasts. Today he can control the forces of nature. He has landed on the moon. Nothing remains unknown to him. He has become a great scientist, a noble artist and a mighty creator of things. Advancement of civilization and culture would be impossible without knowledge, Thus, knowledge is power.

28. My Favqurite Teacher

I read in S.D. High School, Ferozpur. There are twenty teachers in my school. They are very good and hard working. I like them all. But Sh. Bharat Bhushan is my favourite teacher. He teaches us English. He is an M.A.B.Ed. He is about forty years old. He is active and good looking. He is quite healthy. He has black hair and bright eyes. He is Very popular in the school. All the students love him. He also loves the students. He teaches in a good way. He has good habits. He gets up early in the morning. He wears simple but clean clothes. He is polite to all. He is very hard working. He is very regular. He is never late. He is an ideal teacher. He helps the poor students. He has written many books also. He is a good speaker. I love my teacher. May he live long !

29. Mahatma Gandhi

Mahatma Gandhi was a great son of India. He was a great leader. He was bom on 2nd October, 1869. His mother was a gentle lady. His father was the Diwan of a state. He passed his matriculation examination. He went to England for higher studies. He passed law. He became a barrister. Then he came back to India. Mahatma Gandhi went to South Africa. He worked for the good of the Indians living there. Then he came back to India. He fought for our freedom. He went to jail many times. He got India freed. India became free in 1947. People called him Bapu with love. He loved truth. He worked for the poor people and the Harijans. He was assassinated on 30th January, 1948. Mahatma Gandhi was a great Indian. We can never forget him.

30. Claboad Accident

In March last year, I was going to Delhi. The bus was going very fast. Near Bahadurgarh, the driver saw a boy crossing the road. In order to save the boy, he turned to the left. But as the bus was very fast, he could not control it. He struck against a way side tree and turned turtle. I thought that my end had come. There were cries of men, women and children. But it was a miracle that no life was lost. Some of the passengers received minor injuries. Luckily, I escaped without any injury. All the passengers came out of the upside down bus. There was a doctor among the passengers. He had some medicines with him. He gave first aid to the injured passengers. After about one hour, we boarded another bus and resumed our journey, I thanked God for saving me and others.

31 .Road Safety

Today in India our roads have become much overloaded by vehicles. While being on the road, road safety is very necessary. Today road accidents are the leading cause of deaths in India. Thousands of people lose their lives in road accidents every year in our country. If road users are well aware of road safety rules, the number of deaths in road accidents can be reduced. Everyone should learn the road traffic and safety rules at a very early age to perform safer behaviours in the later life. Everyone going on the road, especially drivers, must be to the left and let other vehicles pass on the opposition direction to the right.

Drivers should be in slow speed while bending or turning on the roads. People should take extra precaution while going on the over-crowded roads. Bikers or people using two wheel vehicles must wear helmets of superior quality. Speed of the vehicles should be within the speed limits and slow especially in the areas of school, hospital, colony etc. Every vehicle on the road should maintain the right distance among them \o avoid accidents. Everyone using road should be well aware of the road signs and must follow traffic rules. All the road safety rules and regulations must be in mind while travelling.

32. Road Safety Rules For Children

According to the statistics it is found that there are most of the road accidents in which children are involved, so they are at high risk than other age group people. Children are children, no one can be sure about what they will do next at home or other crowded places especially road during traffic situation. They must be taught some of the basic road safety rules. Parents should teach their children to be extra attentive and look left and right before crossing the road. They should always cross the roads by holding hands of their elders or friends.

When they are walking on foot on the road they should walk only on the footpath. They should never run on the road. They need to be more cautious on the road without getting distracted by anything. They should be taught to only cross the roads at crossroads after seeing traffic signals for pedestrians. They must be aware of the meaning of colours-red means stop, green means go and yellow means also stop or be ready to stop or start. Children should be taught not to play on the road. They should not use earphones or other music listening instruments while riding bicycles on the road. Parents should follow all the road safety rules and traffic rules while driving vehicles to establish good examples in front of their children as they are first example in the lives of their kids.

33. A Hot Summer Day

It was the day of 25th May. The sky was all clear. The sun rose very brightly. From the very morning the sun started showering fire. It was very hot that day. There was no sign of air any where. Unfortunately the electricity supply failed due to high temperature. There was burning heat that day. Human beings, animals and birds-all seemed restless. All were searching for shade. The streets looked deserted. Everyone was praying God for a shower of rain. But it seemed that God was with the sun. It was evening by then. The sun set. But even after the sun set there was heat in the atmosphere. At about 9p.m. a cool breeze started blowing. It was a blessing for everyone. It was a hard hot summer day.

34. Birthday Party

Last Sunday, I attended a birthday party of my friend Somesh. He arranged his birthday party in the hotel ‘The Palm’. The scene of the party was very beautiful. Our all friends were wearing new clothes. Somesh was looking very smart. I wished him for his birthday and gave a birthday present to him. When he cut the cake all of us sang a birthday song for him. Then we had some refreshment. The musicians played a party song and requested to all friends to come for dance. One of our friends gave a beautiful performance of his dance. Then we went for dinner. The food was very tasty. Before leaving I wished my friend again. I reached home at 10.00 pm. It was a great day for me.

Haryana State Board HBSE 10th Class English Solutions Reading Comprehension Unseen Passages Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 10th Class English Reading Comprehension Unseen Passages

What is Comprehension?
Comprehension का अर्थ है किसी बात को अच्छी प्रकार समझना। Comprehension के पैराग्राफ के नीचे दिए गए प्रश्न इस बात को परखने के लिए होते हैं कि आपने उस पैराग्राफ को कितनी अच्छी तरह से समझा है।

इस प्रश्न के उत्तर में छात्र प्रायः दो गलतियाँ करते हैं :
(a) वे पैराग्राफ को अच्छी तरह पढ़ते नहीं हैं और
(b) वे प्रश्नों का उत्तर अपनी भाषा में नहीं देते। वे प्रश्नों के उत्तर बिना भाषा बदले Passage में से नकल कर लेते हैं, चाहे वे ठीक या सही न भी बैठे।

Comprehension का प्रश्न हल करते समय निम्नलिखित कुछ नियमों को ध्यान में रखें :
1. Passage को ध्यान से पढ़ो और उसे अच्छी प्रकार समझो। अगर कुछ शब्दों के सही अर्थ आपको पता नहीं लग रहे तो भी ध्यान से पढ़ने पर Passage का भाव आपको समझ आ जाएगा।
2. पूरे Passage का भाव या main idea समझो और देखो कि लेखक क्या कहना चाहता है।
3. अब सभी प्रश्नों को ध्यान से पढ़ो और समझो कि उनमें क्या पूछा गया है।
4. अब Passage में जहाँ-जहाँ इन प्रश्नों के उत्तर हैं, वहाँ निशान लगा लो।
5. अब इन प्रश्नों के उत्तर उत्तरपुस्तिका में अपनी भाषा में लिख दीजिए।
6. प्रत्येक प्रश्न का उत्तर उसी Tense में दो जिस Tense में यह पूछा गया है अर्थात यदि प्रश्न में do लगा होता है तो उत्तर verb की Ist form में देते हैं। यदि प्रश्न में does लगा होता है तो उत्तर verb की Ist form + s/es के साथ देते हैं और यदि प्रश्न में did लगा होता है तो उत्तर verb की 2nd form में देते हैं।
7. प्रश्नों के उत्तर सटीक (Tothe point) होने चाहिएँ। जो कुछ पूछा गया है, केवल उसी का उत्तर दो। व्यर्थ की बातें मत लिखें।
8. यदि Passage का शीर्षक देने को कहा गया हो तो शीर्षक संक्षिप्त होना चाहिए और उस Passage के theme पर आधारित होना चाहिए।
9. उत्तर लिखते समय लिखाई का विशेष ध्यान रखें तथा cutting और overwriting न करें।
10. सभी प्रश्नों के उत्तर क्रमानुसार दें।

Comprehension With Question Answer

Some Solved Examples

Read the following passages and answer the questions given at the end of each :

PASSAGE 1

There is no doubt that wine is a curse. Gandhiji said that wine destroys both the body and the soul. Drinking is the mother of many evils. It is injurious to health. Alcohol shortens the life of those who drink much. Its most disastrous effect is on kidneys, liver, heart and nervous system.

Drinking wine gives rise to many crimes. Some criminals make, spurious wine. Many deaths are caused by drinking such wine. It makes a man brute. It ruins mans family life. A drunkard is not able to devote time, to his children and family. As a result his children go astray in life. He spends most of his money on wine as a result his children are deprived of proper food, education, clothes etc. There are often quarrels between the drunk husband and his wife. This has bad effect on the minds of the growing children.

The government should enforce prohibition. There should be a ban on granting licenses for opening wine shops. There should be check on drinking.

Questions:
(a) Why does the narrator call drinking wine a curse?
(b) What is the view of Gandhiji in this regard?
(c) How does drinking give rise to many crimes?
(d) What ruins man’s family life and how?
(e) What should the government do?
(f) Find word from the passage which means ‘not genuine/false/fake’
Answers:
(a) The narrator calls drinking wine a curse because it destroys both the body and the soul.
(b) In Gandhiji’s view wine destroys both the body and the soul.
(c) Some criminals make spurious wine. Many deaths are caused by drinking such wine.
(d) A drunkard is not able to devote time, to his children and family. As a result his children go astray in life.
(e) The government should enforce prohibition.
(f) Spurious.

PASSAGE 2

Subhash Chandra Bose was a great leader of India. He was bom on 23rd January, 1896. People called him ‘Netaji’ because he led them to the right path. He went to jail many times. Soon he found out that more efforts should be made to make India free. The British power was getting weakened in the second world war. He thought of striking it from all sides. One day, he escaped from Kolkata in the guise of a Pathan and went to Germany. From there, he went to Japan. He organized the Indian National Army that fought many battles against the British armies. He said to his countrymen, ‘Give me blood and I will give you freedom’. At this appeal, hundreds of Indians abroad gave their all for the good of India. It was a bad day for India when Netaji died in an air crash. We shall always remember him as the greatest fighter for the freedom of India.
Questions:
(a) Who was Subhash Chandra Bose and when was he bom?
(b) How was Subhash Chandra Bose addressed by people? Why?
(c) Where did he escape and how?
(d) What did he do to fight against British armies?
(e) What slogan did he give to his countrymen?
(f) What was the response of people at his call?
Answers:
(a) Subhash Chandra Bose was a great leader of India. He was bom on 23rd January, 1896.
(b) People called him ‘Netaji’ because he led them to the right path..
(c) He escaped from Kolkata in the guise of a pathan.
(d) He organized the Indian National Army to fight against British armies.
(e) ‘Give me blood and I will give you freedom’
(f) At his appeal, hundreds of Indians abroad gave their all for the good of India.

PASSAGE 3

AIIMS admitted 150 patients with alcohol-related liver failure from 2011 to 2015. Of this, the study said, 96 died within 10 days despite all possible medical intervention.
Follow – up of the rest of the patients who were discharged when their condition got stable revealed that nearly 20% died within three to four months and another 20% in a year.

‘Once you have got acute-on chronic liver failure due to alcohol, survival is rare. Transplant, the only life-saving treatment option, is not possible immediately because three months of abstinence from alcohol is required’ said Dr Shalimar, associate professor of gastroenterology at AIIMS.

There is no medicine for alcoholism. ‘Abstinence is the only way to prevent liver failure and deaths caused by that. The government needs to create awareness to prevent excessive drinking’

A recent survey published in Global Heart, a reputed medical journal, showed alcohol use has gone up from 16.1% to 25.6% among urban dwellers in Delhi in the past 20 years. The increase in alcohol use in rural areas in the corresponding period is nearly four times – from 8% to 33.2% – the survey found.

‘We admitted 427 patients with acute – on chronic liver failure from 2011 to 2015 at the hospital. Of this, a maximum 150 (40.8%) cases were alcohol-related, followed by hepatitis B virus infection (71, 19.3%), hepatitis E (45,12.2%), autoimmune hepatitis flare – up (17,4.6%), antituberculosis drugs (16, 4.3%) and hepatitis A (2,0.5%). In 67 patients (18.2%), the cause of acute liver failure couldn’t be ascertained’ he said.

The AIIMS doctor added alcohol-related liver failure cases have poorer prognosis, ‘Most of them required ventilator supports, their blood was thinner and brain damage was higher too’, he added. Dr. S.K. Sarin, director of the Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences (ILBS), said most alcoholics are calorie – deprived, ‘Most infections cause leaky bowel. But in case of alcoholics, this problem is severe. Due to this, bacteria easily get into liver from the small intestine, thus aggravating organ failure status, he added.
He, however, stressed the need to create awareness about harmful effects of binge drinking.
Questions :
(a) What happens to the patients who go to AIIMS with alcohol-related liver failure ?
(b) What is the best treatment for patients suffering from acute on chronic liver failure due to alcohol ?
(c) What is the best way to prevent liver failure and death due to alcohol ?
(d) In which areas of India is the use of alcohol increasing more rapidly ?
(e) What is the effect of binge drinking ?
Answers:
(a) 96 patients out of 150 patients died within 10 days.
(b) Liver transplant is the best treatment for patients suffering from acute or chronic liver failure.
(c) Abstinence is the only way to prevent liver failure and death due to alcohol.
(d) In rural areas of India the use of alcohol is increasing more rapidly.
(e) Due to binge drinking the organs of the body get infection and their working fail.

PASSAGE 4

Every civilization has its periods of progress and fall. Many civilizations of the world, like the Babylon and the Greece were once very high. But today Babylon has disappeared and the Greeks are just a pale shadow of their ancient selves. India too had its period of ascendancy. There was a time when India was called ‘A sparrow of Gold’. Our periods of history like the Gupta or the reign of Ashoka were glorious.

But then came the downfall of India. Our country committed a mistake. We grew rich but not powerful. We had wealth, but no power to protect that wealth. As a result a number of invaders attacked us, looted us and then left. But some rulers came to stay, like the Muslims. They exploited the country.

The coming of the British added to our woes and finished us. They took away whatever wealth was left in the country. We were at zero level economically when they left India. At present we are again rich and one of the top economies of the world. We are also powerful, no country can attack and loot us so easily now.
Questions:
(a) What do you know about the civilization of Babylon?
(b) What was the fate of the civilization of Greece?
(c) What was India’s position in ancient times?
(d) What mistake contributed to the downfall of India?
(e) What do you know about Muslim invaders from the passage?
(f) Who added to our woes and how?
Answers:
(a) Once, the Babylon was a very high civilization but today it has disappeared.
(b) The Greece was once a very high civilization but today they are just a pale shadow of their ancient.
(c) There was a time when India was called ‘A sparrow of Gold’.
(d) Our country committed a mistake. We grew rich but not powerful. We had wealth, but no power to protect that wealth. As a result a number of invaders attacked us, looted us and then left.
(e) The Muslim invaders stayed in India and exploited the country.
(f) The British added to our woes and finished us. They took away whatever wealth was left in the country.

PASSAGE 5

A young man was getting ready to graduate from college. For many months he had admired a beautiful sports car in a dealer’s showroom. Knowing his father could well afford it, he told him all that he wanted. As Graduation Day approached, the young man awaited signs that his father had purchased the car. Finally, on the morning of his graduation, his father called him into his private study. His father told him how proud he was to have such a fine son, and told him how much he loved him. He handed his son a beautiful wrapped gift box. Curious but somewhat disappointed, the young man opened the box and found a lovely, leather-bound Bible with the young man’s name embossed in gold. Having been angry, he raised his voice to his father and said, ‘with all your money, you give me a Bible ?’ and stormed out of the house, leaving the Bible.

Many years passed and the young man was very successful in business. He had beautiful home and wonderful family. He realized that his father was very old, and hence he should have gone to him. He had not seen him since the graduation day. Before he could make arrangements, he received a telegram telling him his father had passed away, and willed all of his possessions to his son. He needed to come home immediately and take care of things.

When he arrived at his father’s house, sudden sadness and reverence filled his heart. He began to search through his father’s important papers and saw the still new Bible, just as he had left it years ago. With tears he opened the Bible and began to turn the pages. And as he did, a car key dropped from the back of the Bible. It had a tag with the dealer’s name, the same dealer who had the sports car he had desired. On the tag was the date of his graduation, and the words ‘ PAID IN FULL’.

How many times do we miss spirit’s blessings and answers to our prayers because they do not arrive exactly as we have expected ?
Questions :
(a) What did the young man want from his father ?
(b) Why did his father call the young man in his private study ?
(c) What was the reaction of the young man to see the present ?
(d) After many years, what did the young man realize ?
(e) Find word from the passage which means raised design
Answers:
(a) The young man wanted a beautiful sports car from his father.
(b) His father called the young man in his private study to give him a beautiful wrapped gift box.
(c) The young man was very much angry to see the present.
(d) After many years, the young man realized that his father was very old and he should have gone to him.
(d) Embossed.

PASSAGE 6

Language is a wonderful gift given to man. No animal possesses this gift, but they have their own way of expressing themselves. When a rabbit sees an enemy, it runs away into its hole. Its tail, which is white, bobs up and down as it runs. The other rabbits see it and they run too. They know that there is a danger. When a cobra is angry, it raises its hood and makes itself look fierce. This warns other animals. When a bee has found some food, it goes back to the hive. It cannot tell the other bees where the food is by speaking to them, but it does a kind of dance in the air. Some animals say things by making sounds. A dog barks when a stranger comes near.
Questions :
(a) What is a wonderful gift to man?
(b) How does a rabbit express itself in case of danger?
(c) What does cobra do when it is angry?
(d) How does a bee inform about the presence of food?
(e) How does a dog communicate?
(f) Use the word possess in your own sentence.
Answers:
(a) Language is a wonderful gift to man.
(b) When a rabbit sees an enemy, it runs away into its hole by bobbing up and down its tail as it runs.
(c) When a cobra is angry it raises its hood and makes itself look fierce.
(d) A bee does a kind of dance to tell the other bees where the food is.
(e) A dog communicates by barking.
(f) My uncle possesses great communication skills.

PASSAGE 7

Democracy is a government of the people, by the people and for the people. It aims at the welfare of all people and not that of one person or a group of persons. When India became free in 1947, our great leaders decided to have a democratic form of Government in India. The Indian Constitution gives equal rights to every citizen. Every person in India has the right to equal opportunities. We have freedom of speech, and the right to property, our fundamental rights are meant for ensuring equality between every individual.

Over the past years, there have been many setbacks to our democracy. The declaration of emergency in 1975 was the biggest attack on it. There are many other challenges to face as a nation. There is corruption in the country. No body thinks in terms of the nation. People like to think in terms of region, religion, race, caste and language. People have no tolerance for others religion, race, caste and language. Even political parties seek vote in the name of religion, race, caste, area and language. All these factors make the country weak. We should work unitedly.
Questions :
(a) What is the definition of democracy?
(b) What is its aim?
(c) What are the different fundamental rights given in the Constitution?
(d) What was the biggest setback to Indian democracy?
(e) What factors make the country weak?
(f) What should we do to make it strong?
Answers:
(a) Democracy is a government of the people, by the people and for the people.
(b) It aims at the welfare of all people and not that of one person or a group of persons.
(c) Every person in India has the right to equal opportunities. We have freedom of speech and the right to property.
(d) The declaration of emergency in 1975 was the biggest setback to Indian democracy.
(e) Factors of corruption, region, religion, caste, area, race and language make the country weak.
(f) We should work unitedly to make it strong.

PASSAGE 8

Drug addiction is a major social evil of modem times. It has transcended all barriers of caste, colour creed and sex. It is a problem that is eating into the vitals of society. In the beginning, a person takes a drug out of curiosity. There are some who take drugs simply for the thrill it gives them. The tragedy is that once a person gets used to taking any kind of intoxicating drug it becomes addiction. His body develops dependence on the drug. He has to steadily increase the dose. Even if at any point of his life, he realizes his folly, it becomes extremely difficult for him to give up drugs.

It is like being in the clutches of a monster. It is pathetic to see a drag addict, when he does not get his usual dose. His whole body writhes in pain which drives him to madness. Besides, taking drugs is expensive. Therefore, it drives drug addicts to stealing, committing petty crimes and other antisocial activities. It is not surprising that drug addicts become antisocial elements. Drugs completely destroy their mental faculties to think clearly and to rationalize.
Questions :
(a) What harm is the evil of drug addiction doing to our society ?
(b) Why does a person take drugs in the beginning ?
(c) When does drug-taking become addiction ?
(d) What happens when a drug addict does not get his usual dose ?
(e) Which word in the passage means to stop or quit ?
Answers:
(a) The evil of drug addiction is eating into the vitals of society.
(b) In the beginning a person takes drugs simply for the thrill it gives him.
(c) Once a person gets used to taking any kind of intoxicating dmg it becomes addiction.
(d) When a drug addict does not get his usual dose, his whole body writhes in pain which drives him to madness.
(e) to give up.

PASSAGE 9

God created universe in the image of paradise. And there is no doubt. Once the world was very beautiful and could be called heaven. There were clean and sparkling rivers. There were dense jungles. In those jungles there was wildlife in abundance. The air was fresh and pure. But all this has changed. Man has polluted the whole world.

The world today faces a great danger. It is the danger of environmental pollution. During the last few years there has been reckless cutting of trees all over the world. Also, there has been fast industrialization of every country. Big factories emit millions of tons of smoke every day. Then there has been great increase in the number of trucks, buses, cars and scooters. These emit poisonous gases that pollute the atmosphere.
Questions :
(a) How was the world (universe) created by God?
(b) What type of world was in earlier times?
(c) What was the condition of forests, rivers, wildlife and air at that time?
(d) Who is responsible for polluting the world?
(e) How has the increase in the number of factories contributed to environmental pollution?
(f) Why is not the increasing number of vehicles good for atmosphere?
Answers:
(a) God created world (universe) in the image of paradise.
(b) In the earlier times the world was very beautiful and could be called heaven.
(c) There were clean and sparkling rivers. There were dense jungles. In those jungles there was wildlife in abundance. The air was fresh and pure.
(d) Man is responsible for polluting the world.
(e) Big factories emit millions of tons of smoke every day.
(f) These.emit poisonous gases that pollute the atmosphere.

PASSAGE 10

A fuel is a material that is burned in order to get heat and light and also to generate power. The process of burning is a chemical reaction. A material combines with oxygen from the air and gives off energy. The energy is given off in the form of heat and light. Fuels can also be classified as solid; liquid and gaseous. Wood was one of the first fuels used by man. It was the easiest to get and the cheapest. After wood started becoming scarce, it was replaced by coal.

Coal contains a high percentage of carbon. Carbon is the most important ingredient in most fuels. Fuels with a high percentage of carbon bum evenly and with a hot flame. The most important liquid fuels come from petroleum. However petroleum reserves are becoming exhausted with the passage of time.
Questions:
(a) Why is the fuel burned?
(b) What is the process of burning called?
(c) In which form is the energy released?
(d) How has fuel been classified?
(e) What does coal contain?
(f) Which liquid fuel is mentioned in the passage?
Answers:
(a) The fuel is burned in order to get heat and light and also to generate power.
(b) The process of burning is called a chemical reaction.
(c) The energy is released in the form of heat and light.
(d) Fuel has been classified as solid, liquid and gaseous.
(e) Coal contains a high percentage of carbon.
(f) Liquid fuel petroleum is mentioned in the passage.

PASSAGE 11

Just by the use of colours you can balance your diet. All you need to do is to pay a little attention to the food you eat. Nutrition experts strongly recommend adding colours to your diet. Sweets and candy bars are generally colourful, but remember they do not contain natural colours and hence are not healthy. The key solution is a variety of naturally coloured foods. The deeper the colour, the greater the benefits. Getting more colours in your diet doesnt mean you have to drastically change your current eating habits.

Have a glass of 100% juice in the morning. Keep a mix of dried fruits on hand for a quick snack. Grab an apple or banana on your way out. Include at least two vegetables in your dinner. Get into the habit of starting your dinner with a salad. Eat fruit for dessert. Always add greens to sandwiches.

Most red fruits and vegetables contain an antioxidant, which offers protection against ultraviolet rays and Cancer and helps to prevent urinary tract infections and diseases related to the circulatory system. Green vegetables not only look great but also possess excellent antioxidant properties that protect your eyes by keeping the retina in good condition and reduce the risk of cancerous tumours.

Orange and yellow group contain beta – carotene, an antioxidant that improves cell communication and thereby helps to stop the spread of cancer. Blue and purple group not only adds an element of tranquility and richness to your plate, but also has an influence on the pineal gland (the third eye) and the nervous system. White group contains sulphur compounds that protect DNA and also contain flavonoids, the antioxidants that protect cell membranes.

Therefore, the more colourful your diet is (all natural colours, of course), the better equipped your immune system is to cope with diseases.
Questions :
(a) Why are sweets and candy bars not healthy ?
(b) How do antioxidants help us ?
(c) How do green vegetables help us ?
(d) What improves our immune system to cope with diseases ?
(e) Find word from the passage which means greatly
Answers:
(a) Sweets and candy bars are not healthy because they do not contain natural colours.
(b) Antioxidants help us in protecting against ultraviolet rays and cancer and help to protect urinary tract infections.
(c) Green vegetables possess excellent oxidant properties that protect our eyes by keeping the retina in good condition and reduce the risk of cancerous tumours.
(d) A diet full of natural colours improves our immune system to cope with diseases.
(e) Richness.

PASSAGE 12

Junk food is a term describing food that is perceived to be unhealthy or having poor nutritional value, according to Food Standard Agency. The term is believed to have been coined by Michael Jacobson, Director of the Centre for Science in the public interest, in 1972. The term has since become common usage.

Junk food typically contains high level of fat, salt or sugar and numerous food additives such as monosodium glutamate and tartrazine; at the same time it is lacking in proteins, vitamins and fibre, among others. It is popular with suppliers because it is relatively cheap to manufacture, has a long shelf life and may not require refrigeration. It is popular with and has lots of consumers because it is easy to purchase, requires little or no preparation, convenient to consume and lots of flavours. Consumption of junk food is associated with obesity, heart disease, Type 2 diabetes and dental cavities. There is also concern about the targeting of the marketing at children.

What constitutes a junk food may be confusing and according to critics, includes elements of class snobbery and moral judgement. For example, fast food such as hamburgers and French fries supplied by companies such as McDonalds KFC and Pizza Hut are often perceived as junk foods whereas same meals supplied by more upmarket outlets such as Pizza Express or Nandos are not despite often having the same or worse nutritional content. Other food such as Foie Gras, roast potatoes and bread are not considered junk food despite having limited nutritional content. Similarly, breakfast cereals are often regarded as healthy but may have high level of sugar, salt and fat. Many critics believe that junk food is not harmful when consumed as part of a balanced diet and some believe that the term should not be used at all.
Questions :
(a) How is junk food perceived ?
(b) What does junk food typically contain ?
(c) With what is junk food associated ?
(d) When, according to many critics, is junk food not harmful ?
(e) Find out a word in the passage which is similar in meaning to seen ?
Answers:
(a) Junk food is perceived to be unhealthy or having poor nutritional value.
(b) Junk food typically contains high level of fat, salt or sugar and numerous food additives such as monosodium glutamate and tartrazine.
(c) Junk food is associated with obesity, heart disease, Type 2 diabetes and dental cavities.
(d) Many critics believe that junk food is not harmful when consumed as part of a balanced diet.
(e) Perceived.

PASSAGE 13

Polythene shopping bags and wrappers are potential threat to urban environment. Once you have discarded them after use, you do not lose your link with them. They return to you in a variety of ways, though you do not realize it. For example, they choke your drains and provide breeding facilities to deadly germs. A recent study has shown that about 250 tonnes of plastic wastes come out of various colonies of major cities alone every day. This disrupts the sewer system, the essential arteries of city life. These plastic wastes choke the land mass and clog the pores of the wetlands.

Unfortunately, even the villages and small towns are not free from this danger. Millions of people returning to their hometowns everyday carry their shopping in colourful bags. This pleases their family and children, who after preserving them for a time, dispose them in wells, rivers, tanks and drains. Many throw them off into the fields. They do it with a sense of pride, to show off. When their neighbours see that their men from the cities regularly bring them those good things of life, they are impressed.

In Delhi, the worst offenders are the upper – income groups of the so – called posh colonies. Though educated, the residents of these affluent areas are unaware of the damage done by the plastic bags. Nearly a million children in Delhi schools carry their lunch boxes in plastic bags. They callously throw them away and cause unhealthy environment.
Questions:
(a) When do we throw away our polythene shopping bags ?
(b) What are the essential arteries of city life ?
(c) What do the villagers want to convey to their neighbours by throwing the plastic bags into the fields?
(d) How do the school children pollute the environment ?
(e) Which word in the passage means thrown away ?
Answers:
(a) After use we throw away our polythene shopping bags.
(b) The sewer system is the essential arteries of city life.
(c) They do it with a sense of pride, to show off.
(d) The school children carry their lunch boxes in plastic bags. They callously throw them away and cause unhealthy environment.
(e) Discharged.

PASSAGE 14

Living on the earth is rather like being at the bottom of a sea hundreds of miles deep. Without the atmosphere there would be no people or animals, birds or fishes, trees or plants. There would be no weather, winds or rain. And there would be no blue sky, no rosy sunsets or dawns. Fire would be impossible without air, for burning is the union of oxygen with whatever is burned. Nor would there be any noise, which is the vibration of air-waves against our ear drums.

By day the atmosphere serves as a great sun-shade. It protects the earth from the full force of the sun by absorbing most of its harmful radiation. But for the atmosphere the daytime temperature would rise to 230 degrees F : hotter than boiling water. By night, the air acts like a giant greenhouse. It imprisons the heat collected during the day, and prevents it from spreading into space. Otherwise the temperature at night would plunge to -300 degrees F : far colder than we could stand.

Finally the atmosphere catches and bums up, by friction, practically all the million meteors that fall each day from outer space into the earths field of gravity. If all these meteors actually landed here, the earths surface would be pitted and dented like the face of the moon, which has no atmosphere to stop them.
Questions:
(a) What is living on the earth like?
(b) For which creatures is atmosphere needed ?
(c) What are the other purposes for which atmosphere is needed ?
(id) Why is atmosphere needed for noise ?
(e) How does atmosphere serve as great sunshade ?
(f) How does atmosphere save earth from the impact of the meteor?
Answers: .
(a) Living on the earth is like being at the bottom of a sea hundreds of miles deep.
(b) Atmosphere is needed for people, animals, birds, fishes, trees or plants.
(c) Atmosphere is also needed for winds, rain, fire burning etc.
(d) Because without atmosphere there would not be any noise, which is the vibration of air-waves against our ear drums.
(e) It protects the earth from the full force of the sun by absorbing most of its harmful radiation.
(f) The atmosphere catches and bum up, by friction, practically all the million meteors that fall each day from the outer space into the earths field of gravity.

PASSAGE 15

It is widely acknowledged that education contributes significantly to economic development. The developed world understood much earlier the fact that individuals with proper education have an edge over their non-educated or half- educated counterparts. In terms of literacy, Indias achievements as compared to several Asian countries are disappointing. According to economists, the poor performance of India on the literacy field has affected the countrys economic development.

India has launched an ambitious project, Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, to provide primary education to all children. One of the major aims of the government has been to reduce the large number of drop-outs from the schools because it affects the economic development.

Various studies by different economists have shown that investment in education promotes economic growth. In any field, illiterate workers are unskilled and untrained; their general health is very poor. Literacy as well as education can create more productive labour force having enhanced knowledge and skills which ultimately tend to boost productivity both quantitatively and qualitatively.

Literacy among common people is also necessary for political stability in any country. Literacy increases the thinking power and understanding of the good or bad. When the people are literate, they can easily see through the cunningness of corrupt political leaders, thereby lessening the possibility of their being shortchanged by the latter. Furthermore, educated folks tend to show a greater tendency towards fruitfully associating themselves with the establishment. With the increased participation rate of both men and women in local selfgovernance institutions, people can avail the opportunity to improve their local economic factors such as roads, electricity, etc.
Questions:
(a) What is the widely acknowledge fact about education ?
(b) What did the developed world understand about the importance of education ?
(c) What is the ambitious project launched by our government ?
(d) How does investment in education promote growth ?
(e) Find word from the passage which means accepted ?
Answers:
(a) It is widely acknowledged that education contributes significantly to economic development.
(b) The developed world understood much earlier the fact that individuals with proper education have an edge over their non-educated or half-educated counterparts.
(c) India has launched an ambitious project, Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, to provide primary education to all children.
(d) ‘Literacy as well as education can create more productive labour force having enhanced knowledge and skills which ultimately tend to boost productivity both quantitatively and qualitatively.
(e) Acknowledged.

PASSAGE 16

Sarojini Naidu was educated in her early years under her fathers own care. He wanted her to become a great mathematician or scientist but she loved to dream and write poems. She was hardly eleven when she wrote her first poem. At thirteen she wrote a long poem in the manner of famous English poets.

After her matriculation .in India she went to England for higher education. In London she met Sir Edmund Gosse – a distinguished man of letters. He was impressed by her knowledge and intelligence. He was surprised to see that she had written poems in flawless English but felt disappointed to find that they had nothing of the east in them. They were all about English sights. From this day onwards, she devoted herself in writing verses about India.
Questions:
(a) Under whose care did Sarojini Naidu receive her education?
(b) What did Sarojinis father want to make her?
(c) At what age did Sarojini Naidu write the poem?
(d) At what age Sarojini Naidu write a long poem?
(e) What did Edmund Gosse find in her poems?
(f) What did she ultimately decide to write?
Answers:
(a) Sarojini Naidu received her education under the care of her father.
(b) He wanted her to become a great mathematician or scientist.
(c) Sarojini Naidu wrote the poem at the age of eleven.
(d) She wrote a long poem at the age of thirteen.
(e) Edmund Gosse found that there was nothing of the east in her poems.
(f) She ultimately devoted herself in writing verses about India.

PASSAGE 17

Trees give shade for the benefit of others, while they themselves stand in the sun and endure the scorching heat; they produce the fruit by which others profit. The character of a good man is like that of trees. What is the use of this perishable body, if it is not used for the benefit of the mankind ? Sandalwood – the more it is rubbed, the more scent does it yield. Sugarcane – the more it is peeled and cut into pieces, the more juice does it produce.

Gold – the more it is burnt, the more brightly it shines. The men who are noble at heart do not lose their qualities even by losing their lives. What matters whether men praise them or not ? What difference does it make whether riches abide with them or not? What does it signify whether they die at this moment or whether their lives are prolonged ? Happen what may, those who tread in the right path will not set foot in any other. Life itself is unprofitable to a man who does not live for others. To live for the mere sake of living ones life is to live the life of dogs or crows. Those who lay down their lives for the sake of humanity will assuredly live forever in the world of bliss.
Questions:
(a) What do trees do for us ?
(b) Why is a good man compared with gold ?
(c) What lessons do trees teach us ?
(d) What makes life profitable for a person ?
(e) What should be the ideals of a good man ?
Answers:
(a) Trees give us shade, fruit and wood.
(b) A good man is compared with gold because he never lose his good qualities even by losing his life.
(c) Trees teach us the lesson of laying down our life for the sake of humanity.
(d) Living for the welfare of others makes life profitable for a person.
(e) Living for the welfare of others should be the ideals for a good man.

PASSAGE 18

There are several reasons for a headache. Physical, emotional and mental factors, anxiety and tension are some of them. Sometimes, headache can be a signal of an underlying disease. More than medicines, Yoga therapy suits all needs. Yoga is a comprehensive mode of culturing the body and the mind. Yoga can cure some tough headaches. It includes breathing asanas, pranayamas, meditation and devotional sessions.

Yogasanas, especially the ones imitating the natural postures of animals have great tranquilizing effect without using common drugs. Pranayam checks random agitations in Pranic (energy) flows in Pranamayakosa, and stabilizes nervous system. Dhyana and Samadhi relax the mind. It changes the attitude of the sufferer from headache.
Questions:
(a) What are some of the reasons for a headache?
(b) What is the headache sometimes a signal of?
(c) What is Yoga?
(d) Which approach of Yoga is used to cure tough headaches ?
(e) What are the constituents of this approach ?
(f) What are the advantages of Dhyana and Samadhi?
Answers:
(a) There are physical, emotional and mental reasons for a headache.
(b) Sometimes the headache is a signal of an underlying disease.
(c) Yoga is a comprehensive mode of culturing the body and the mind.
(d) Integrated Approach of yoga is used to cure tough headaches.
(e) The constituents of this approach are breathing asanas, pranayamas, meditation and devotional sessions.
(f) Dhyana and Samadhi relax the mind.

PASSAGE 19

Money has become a kind of God in the modem times. The modem generation is becoming more and more money-minded. We have become materialistic. It is true that money is very important in our life. In order to remain alive we must have money.

However, money is not everything. There are many things which cannot be bought with money. There are many things which are far more precious than money. The innocent smile on the face of a child, first love in the eyes of a young man or girl or the look of gratitude on the face of an old person whom you have helped- these are things no one can buy, however rich he may be.

When we spend money, we think of its gain. But there are certain fields in which the gains are in term of mental satisfaction. It means that money is not everything. Always remember that money is made for man and man is not made for money.

Thus we see that there are many things which are more important than money. They are honesty, service, belief in God and helping the poor. The most important wealth is the peace of mind. The man who has it is really rich.
Questions:
(a) What is modem mans attitude towards money?
(b) Is it true that money is very important in mans life?
(c) Can every thing in life be bought with money?
(d) What other gain instead of monetary gain does the narrator talk about in the passage?
(e) Who is really rich?
(f) What should one always remember regarding money?
Answers:
(a) The modem generation is becoming more and more money-minded.
(b) Yes, is it true that money is very important in mans life.
(c) No, everything in life cant be bought with money.
(d) There are many things which are more important than money. They are honesty, service, belief in God and helping the poor.
(e) The man who has peace of mind is really rich.
(f) One should always remember that money is made for man and man is not made for money.

PASSAGE 20

Gum Gobind Singh, the last of ten Sikh Gums, was a great son of India. He led India to sublime heights of glory. He brought about moral resurgence and created order out of disorderly social condition. He was a multifaceted personality. He was a poet, soldier, statesman, leader and a tme socialist-all in one. He put life into the dying social order by giving it a wholly new outlook. He was a practical socialist who founded a social order based on fraternity, equality and love. In him were combined the spiritual vision, unmatched organizing capacity and a gift of politic intuition and insight. Such a rare combination of qualities would inspire the most downtrodden people to look forward to an optimistic future.
Questions:
(a) Who was Gum Gobind Singh ?
(b) What are the rare contribution of Gum Gobind Singh to India ?
(c) Why does the author call him a multifaceted personality ?
(d) Why has he been called a practical socialist ?
(e) What qualities of Gum Gobind Singh inspired the most downtrodden people to look forward to an optimistic future ?
Answers:
(a) Gum Gobind Singh was the last of ten Sikh Gums and a great son of India.
(b) He led India to great heights of glory by bringing moral resurgence and creating order out of disorderly social condition.
(c) He was a poet, soldier, statesman, leader and a tme socialist.
(d) He has been called a practical socialist because he founded a social order based on fraternity, equality and love.
(e) Spiritual vision, unmatched organizing capacity and a gift of politic intuition and insight.

PASSAGE 21

Do not study for too long at a stretch, so long as the mind acts with ease, it may be allowed to continue working, but if we find that it moves slowly and extra efforts are needed to keep the attention fixed, it is far better to break off and take a walk or some other recreation than plodding on until one feels completely exhausted. To continue forcing the mind to work is likely to lead to injurious results and may end in nervous breakdown. Violent exercise which may cause bodily harm and weariness, is not what is wanted, for with a tired body, a little mental peace is possible. Useful exercise as a change for study should give energy, not exhaust it.
Questions :
(a) What advice does the author give regarding study ?
(b) What danger is there in working with a tired mind ?
(c) What advice does the writer give regarding exercise ?
(d) When should one stop studying ?
(e) Give a suitable title to the passage.
Answers:
(a) The author gives advice to not do study for too long at a stretch.
(b) It is likely to lead to injurious results like nervous breakdown.
(c) The,writer says that violent exercise which may cause harm to body and weariness is not advised.
(d) When the mind moves slowly and extra efforts are needed for concentration, then one should stop studying.
(e) Benefits of Exercise

PASSAGE 22

Indeed the path Florence had chosen was full of difficulties. It was almost an unimaginable thing in those days for a woman of means to live a life of independence, but the particular profession for which she had trained herself was a disreputable one. The nurses in those days were noted for their immoral conduct. They could hardly be trusted to carry out the simple medical duties. No wonder, therefore, that Florences parents did not like their daughter should take up that profession. Florence, however, did not see eye to eye with them. She felt wretched. Her sadness increased. She was always sad.
Questions:
(a) What was unimaginable thing in those days for a woman ?
(b) What profession had Florence chosen ?
(c) Why were her parents opposed to her profession ?
(d) What effect did her parents opposition have on her nature ?
(e) Give a suitable title to the passage.
Answers:
(a) In those days it was unimaginable for a woman to lead a life of independence.
(b) Florence had chosen the profession of nursing.
(c) Because the nurses were noted for their immoral conduct.
(d) She felt wretched and her sadness increased.
(e) Nursing and Florence

PASSAGE 23

For a student, walking is preferable to all other exercises. The advantage of this mode of exercise is that it is simple. The apparatus is at hand complete. Y ou need not wait for the importation of machinery. It is in the open air that the lungs can at once receive the pure air of heaven and the eyes gaze upon hill and dale, upon trees and flowers, upon the objects animate and inanimate. The very objects of sight and sound cheer the mind and raise the spirit.

Another advantage of walking is that you can have a friend to walk with an unbend the mind by pleasant conversation. Try once the method of walking with a friend regularly for a few weeks and you will be surprised at the marvellous results. On those afternoons, when study is not required, be sure to take long walks and lay up health for days to come.
Questions:
(a) What is the preferable exercise for the students ?
(b) What is the first advantage of walking according to the writer ?
(c) What is advantage of walking in the open air ?
id) How is it beneficiary to have a walk with a friend ?
(e) Does the writer recommend walk during the afternoons and if yes, why ?
Answers:
(a) Walking is the preferable exercise for the students.
(b) According to the writer, the first advantage of walking is that it is simple.
(c) The advantage of walking in the open air is that our lungs get pure air of heaven.
(d) We can have pleasant conversation with the unbend mind.
(e) Yes, we can lay up our health for days to come by walking during the afternoons.

PASSAGE 24

Trees give shade for the benefit of others, while they themselves stand in the sun and endure the scorching heat. They produce fruit which others eat. The character of a good man is like that of trees. What is the use of this perishable body if it is not used for the benefit of mankind. The more sandalwood is rubbed, the more scent it gives. The more sugarcane is peeled and cut into pieces, the more juice it produces. The more gold is burst, the more brightly it shines. Noble people do not lose their qualities even by losing their lives. Come what may, those who tread on the right path will not set foot on any other. Life itself is unprofitable for a man who does not live for others. To live for the sake of living one’s life is to live a worthless life.
Questions:
(a) What do the trees do for us ?
(b) What is the correct use of human body ?
(c) What is the result of rubbing of sandalwood ?
(d) How can more juice be obtained from sugarcane ?
(e) What enhances the brightness of gold ?
Answers:
(a) Trees give us shade, fruit and wood.
(b) The human body should be used for the benefit of the mankind.
(c) The more it is rubbed, the more scent it gives.
(d) To obtain more juice from sugarcane, it should be peeled and cut into pieces.
(e) Burning enhances the brightness of gold.

PASSAGE 25

One of the most difficult things in life is to find a way of behaviour that is not dictated by circumstances. Circumstances and people dictate or force you to behave in a certain way. The way that you conduct yourself, the way you eat, the way you talk, your moral, your ethical behaviour depends on where you find yourself and so your behaviour is constantly varying, constantly changing. This is so when you speak to your father, your mother or to your servant-your voice, your words, are quite different. The ways ofbehaviour are controlled by environmental influences, and by analysing behaviour you can almost predict what people will do and will not do.
Questions:
(a) What is one of the most difficult things in life ?
(b) How do circumstances affect people ?
(c) Why is ones behaviour constantly changing ?
(d) What changes are made while talking to different people ?
(e) Give a suitable title to the passage.
Answers:
(a) One of the most difficult things in life is to find a way of behaviour that is not dictated by circumstances.
(b) Circumstances dictate or force people to behave in a certain way.
(c) Ones behaviour constantly changing because of constant change in circumstances.
(d) Different voice and different words are used while talking to different people.
(e) Influence of circumstances in life

Comprehension With Multiple Choice Questions

Some Solved Examples

Read the following passages and answer the questions by choosing the right option :

PASSAGE 1

Proper food is the basic requirement of health. Health does not mean absence of disease; it rather means the presence of energy and vitality. Most of the food we eat daily does not contain essential nutrients needed for the preservation of health and prevention of disease. There are various kinds of foods. Protective foods are essential for prevention of disease and are needed both by the healthy and the sick. They are rich in proteins, vitamins and minerals. Energy giving foods are rich in carbohydrates, and are needed by those who are engaged in hard physical labour. Body building foods are rich in proteins. Diet of growing children, adolescents and nursing mothers should contain sufficient quantity of protein for growth and for repair and maintenance of body tissues.

Questions:
1. The basic requirement of health is:
(A) medicines
(B) proper food
(C) new clothes
(D) air conditioned houses
Answer:
(B) proper food

2. The real meaning of health is:
(A) absence of disease
(B) a fat body
(C) presence of vitality and energy
(D) sharp memory
Answer:
(C) presence of vitality and energy

3. Which food is needed both for the healthy and sick?
(A) fast food
(B) junked food
(C) protective food
(D) boiled food without fats
Answer:
(C) protective food

4. What are body building foods rich in?
(A) vitamins
(B) fats proteins minerals
(C) proteins
(D) minerals
Answer:
(C) proteins

5. What is the main function of food ?
(A) providing taste
(B) to quench our hunger
(C) repair and maintenance of body tissue
(D) providing us time to rest and enjoy
Answer:
(C) repair and maintenance of body tissue

PASSAGE 2

Health of the citizens is the responsibility of the state. For this purpose the state sets up health services, health centres, hospitals, maternity and child welfare centres. But all this has only a curative value. Diseases are located and cured. But the public is hardly educated in hygienic living. Prevention is better than cure. More attention should be paid towards the prevention of diseases than is being done.

The preventive measures include vaccination, inoculation and above all instructing and educating the public in hygienic living. The school can play an important role in instructing the parents and the pupils in healthy living. Through a programme of health instructions the pupils can have scientific knowledge about the body and its functioning, the principles of hygienic living, the advantage of healthful habits and the means of preventing diseases. Health instruction is so important that it should form an integral part of school education.

Questions:
1. Whose responsibility is the health of the citizens ?
(A) self
(B) state
(C) UNO
(D) WHO
Answer;
(B) state

2. Which one is not the disease preventive measure ?
(A) vaccination
(B) inoculation
(C) providing jobs to citizen
(D) educating people about hygienic living
Answer:
(C) providing jobs to citizen

3. What should be an integral part of school education ?
(A) technical education
(B) moral education
(C) craft education
(D) health education
Answer:
(D) health education

4. What is public hardly educated in ?
(A) technical education
(B) fats protiens minerals
(C) medical education
(D) providing us time to rest and enjoy
Answer:
(B) hygienic living conditions

5. On what should more attention be paid ?
(A) employment
(B) to quench our hunger
(C) holding fairs
(D) prevention of disease
Answer:
(D) prevention of disease

PASSAGE 3

The great advantage of early rising is the good start it gives us to our day’s work. The early riser has done a large amount of hard work before other men have got out of bed. In the early morning the mind is fresh, and there are few sounds or other distractions, so the work done at that time is generally well done. In many cases the early riser also finds time to take some exercise in the fresh morning air, and this exercise supplies him with a fund of energy that will last until the evening.

By begining so early, he knows that he has plenty of time to do thoroughly all the work he can be expected to do, and is not tempted to hurry over any part of it. All his work being finished in good time, he has a long interval of rest in the evening before the timely hour when he goes to bed. He gets to sleep several hours before midnight, at the time when sleep is most refreshing, and after a sound night’s rest rises, early next morning in good health and spirits for the labours of a new day.

Questions:
1. How is early rising different from other hours of the day?
(A) there are few sounds and other distractions
(B) dull and boring
(C) polluted air
(D) stormy weather
Answer:
(A) there are few sounds and other distractions

2. Who finds time to take exercise in the fresh morning air?
(A) a late riser
(B) an early riser
(C) a sick person
(D) an office going fellow
Answer:
(B) an early riser

3. At what time sleep is most refreshing?
(A) during day
(B) after midnight
(C) early in the morning
(D) before midnight
Answer:
(D) before midnight

4. What gives a good start to our day’s work?
(A) early rising
(B) late rising
(C) good health
(D) richness of a person
Answer:
(A) early rising

5. What provides us energy?
(A) richness of a person
(B) exercise early in the morning
(C) good health
(D) good diet
Answer:
(B) exercise early in the morning

Haryana State Board HBSE 10th Class English Solutions Grammar Figure of Speech Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 9th Class English Grammar Figure of Speech

Figure of Speech

A figure of speech is a word or phrase that has a meaning something different than its literal meaning. It can be a metaphor or a simile that is designed to further explain a concept.

(‘A figure of speech’ कोई ऐसा शब्द या शब्द समूह होता है जिसका अभिप्राय उसके शाब्दिक अर्थ से भिन्न होता है।)

I. Metaphor

Metaphor is a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable.

A metaphor is a figure of speech that refers, for rhetorical effect, to one thing by mentioning another thing.

(किसी एक चीज में आलंकारिक प्रभाव पैदा करने के लिए जब किसी दूसरी चीज का उदाहरण प्रस्तुत किया जाता है।) जैसे-
Lencho was an ox of a man.

यहाँ पर इस पंक्ति का अर्थ यह नहीं है कि Lencho एक बैल जैसी शक्ल वाला आदमी था, बल्कि इसका अर्थ यह है कि वह एक परिश्रमी आदमी था।

Metaphor is a figure of speech in which a similarity between two dissimilar objects has been suggested but not clearly stated with the help of ‘as’ or ‘like.’

(रूपक कथन का एक अंग होता है जिसमें दो असमान तत्त्वों के बीच में समानता का भाव पैदा किया जाता है, लेकिन इसमें यह समानता का भाव as ; जैसे like की तरह का प्रयोग करके नहीं किया जाता।)

Example 1

1. He has a heart of stone, (it means that he is a hard hearted person)
2. Huge mountains of clouds appeared before him. (very big)
3. There was a sea of sorrow in his life, (deep sadness)
4. My brother was boiling mad. (very angry)
5. The assignment was a breeze, (not difficult)
6. Her voice is music to his ears, (pleasing)
7. The skies of the future began to darken, (the coming time was going to be difficult)
8. It is going to be clear skies from now. (the coming time was going to be easy)
9. It is raining cats and dogs, (raining heavily)
10. All that glitters is not gold, (illusions)

Example 2

1. He left the job with a broken heart, (sad mood)
2. His monkey mind is always full of new ideas, (mischievous)
3. You live by the words, you die by the words, (keeping promises)
4. Kisses are the flowers of love in bloom, (comparison of kisses to a flower of love)
5. Her eyes were fireflies, (eyes glitter like fire flies-very beautiful)
6. I was lost in a sea of nameless faces, (a big unknown crowd)
7. The promise between us was a delicate flower, (very sensitive)
8. She cut him down with her words, (defeated)
9. Words are the weapons with which we wound, (hard spoken words)
10. My heart swelled with a sea of tears, (weeping bitterly)

Elements Of Metaphor

A metaphor can be analyzed into two elements.
(Metaphor को दो तत्त्वों में बाँटा जा सकता है।)

(a) Tenor: The subject to which the metaphoric word is applied.
(जिस कर्ता कारक के लिए रूपक शब्द का प्रयोग किया जाता है।)
जैसे-
“O My love’s a red, red rose.”
में My love

(b) Vehicle : The metaphoric word itself.
(स्वयं में metaphoric word)
जैसे उपरोक्त उदाहरण में “rose”.

Types of Metaphor:

1. Mixed Metaphor : The use of two or more diversel incongruous metaphoric vehicles in the same expression creats a mixed metaphor.
(दो भिन्न या असंगत metaphoric vehicles का एक ही भाव में प्रयोग किया जाना)
जैसे-
(i) Girding up his lions, the chairman ploughed through the mountainous agenda.
(ii) To take arms against a sea of troubles.
(ii) If we can hit that bull’s-eye then the rest of the dominoes will fall like a house of cards.

2. Compound or loose metaphor : It is a type of metaphor that catches the mind with several points of similarity.
(यह इस प्रकार का metaphor है जो कई प्रकार की समानताओं से मन को बाँधता है।)
He has the wild stag’s foot.

यह Phrase : grace, speed और daring के भाव को पैदा करती है।

3. Dead metaphor :
A metaphor which is so commonly used that we don’t find any discrepancy or difference between the vehicle and tenor. Such metaphor loses its metaphorical beauty and freshness.

Dead metaphor of metaphoric word (vehicle) का उसके subject (tenor) से भेद करना कठिन होता है।
e.g.
(i) the heart of the matter
(ii) the legs of a table
(iii) to grasp a concept
(iv) to gather what you have understood.

4. Implicit metaphor :
A metaphor in which tenor (i.e. the subject) is not stated but is implied by the verbal context. In this type only vehicle (metaphoric word) is stated. 57 4101 metaphoric word af subject (i.e. tenor) नहीं दिया होता केवल metaphoric word (vehicle) ही दिया होता है।
e.g.,
(i) Shut your trap!
इस वाक्य में listener का मुँह अस्पष्ट tenor (कर्ता) है।

(ii) That seed was too frail to survive the storm of its sorrows.
उपरोक्त उदाहरण में “seed” एक अवर्णित tenor (मनुष्य) के लिए एक vehicle (metaphoric word) है।

5. Metonymy metaphor :
The term (vehicle) for one thing is applied to another with which it has become closely associated in experience.
(जब एक रूपक शब्द (vehicle) का प्रयोग बिल्कुल उसी जैसी किसी अन्य चीज के साथ किया जाता है।)
e.g.,
(i) “the crown” is used for the king.
(ii) “Hollywood” is used for the film industry.
(iii) “I have read all of milton” milton mean all the writings of milton.
(iv) “doublet and hose ought to show itself courageous (males) to petticoat (females).

6. Synecdoche metaphor :
A part of something is used to signify the whole or the whole is used to signify apart.
(जब एक भाग का प्रयोग पूरे को प्रदर्शित करने के लिए या पूरे का प्रयोग एक भाग को प्रदर्शित करने के लिए किया जाता है।)
e.g.,
(i) “ten hand”-for ten workers.
(ii) “blind mouths”-for corrupt and greedy clergy used by milton in Lycidas.
(iii) “a hundred sails”-for ships

7. Submerged metaphor :
In which the metaphorical word (vehicle) is implied or indicated by one aspect.
जिसमें रूपक शब्द (vehicle) एक पहलू के द्वारा व्यक्त किया जाता है।
e.g.,
my winged thought
उपरोक्त उदाहरण में श्रोतागण पक्षी के बारे में सोचते हैं।

8. Implied metaphor :
It is not clearly stated or obvious that compares two things by using adjectives that commonly describe one thing but are used to describe another comparing the two.
(इसमें विशेषणों का प्रयोग एक वस्तु को स्पष्ट करने के लिए किया जाता है लेकिन दूसरी वस्तु की तुलना भी कर दी जाती है।)
e.g.,
(i)”Golden baked skin”.
उपरोक्त उदाहरण में बेकरी वस्तुओं की तुलना skin से की गई है।
(ii) “green blades of nausea”.
(iii) leafy golden sunset.

9. Absolute metaphor :
Absolute metaphor denotes a figure or a concept that cannot be reduced to or replaced with sorely conceptual thought and language.
(एक ऐसा भाव जिसका अवमूल्यन नहीं किया जा सकता।)
e.g.,
“light-for truth
“seafaring – for human existence

* Personification : Personification is a figure related to metaphor in which an inanimate object or an abstract concept is spoken of as though it were endowed with life or with human feelings.
Milton wrote in paradise lost.

“Sky lowered, and muttering thunder, some sad drops Wept at completing of the mortal sin.”
उपरोक्त वाक्य में निर्जीव तत्त्वों जैसे बादल, गर्जन, बूंदों को सजीव करके दिखाया गया है।

“Little sorrows sit and weep.’-William Blake
“Confusion now hath made his masterpiece.’-William Shakespeare

Exercise 1

State the type of metaphor
1. “Are you a man or a mouse”
2. I have read all of Shakespeare.
3. the sceptre
4. “wheels”
5. He has the wild stag’s foot.
6. leafy golden sunset.
7. To grasp a concept.
8. Shut your trap! ’
9. “Hollywood”
10. To take arms against a sea of troubles.
Answers:
1. dead metaphor
2. metonymy metaphor
3. metonymy metaphor
4. synecdoche metaphor
5. compound metaphor
6. implied metaphor
7. dead metaphor
8. implicit metaphor
9. metonymy metaphor
10. mixed metaphor

II. Simile

Simile is a stated comparison between two different things that have certain qualities in common.

Example 1

1. Her words were as dull as a dirt.
2. Our soldiers are as brave as lions.
3. He is as cunning as a fox.
4. His cheeks are red like a rose.
5. The water well was as dry as a bone.
6. He is as funny as a monkey.
7. O my Luve’s like a red red rose.
8. He is a big as an elephant.
9. The gathering is as silent as the grave.
10. They fight like cats and dogs.

Example 2

1. The truth was like a bad taste on his tongue.
2. The handshake felt like warm laundry.
3. She is as wise as an owl.
4. The clouds were like ice-cream castles in the sky.
5. When he reached the top of the hill, he felt as strong as a steel gate.
6. Her hair was a soft as a spider web.
7. The man held the blanket like a memory.
8. The river flows like a stream of glass.
9. The town square was buzzing like a beehive.
10. The flowers were as soft as thoughts of budding love.
In making comparison of two things when the words ‘like ’or ‘as’ are used, it means the simile device is used in that sentence.

Difference between ‘Simile’ and ‘Metaphor’.
Simile : Similarity is suggested with the help of ‘ as’ or ‘ like’.
‘as’ और ‘like’ का प्रयोग करके समानता का भाव पैदा किया जाता है।
जैसे
“O My love’s like a red, red rose.”

Metaphor : Similarity between two dissimilar object is suggested without using ‘as’ or ‘like’.
रूपक : बिना ‘as’ or like’ के प्रयोग के दो असमान तत्त्वों के बीच में समानता का भाव पैदा किया जाता है। जैसे-
“O My love’s a red, red rose.”

III. Rhyme Scheme

A rhyme scheme is the pattern of rhymes at the end of each line of a poem or song. It is usually referred to by using letters to indicate which lines rhymes.
(किसी कविता या गीत की प्रत्येक पंक्ति के अंत में एक जैसी लय वाले शब्दों का प्रयोग किया जाना Rhyme Scheme है।)

Example
Twinkle, twinkle little star 1. (a)
How I wonder what you are 2. (a)
Up above the world so high 3. (b)
Like a diamond in the sky. 4. (b)

यहाँ पर Line और Line 2 के अंत में star और are एक जैसी लय प्रस्तुत करते हैं, अतः इनकी rhyme scheme aa है। जबकि Line 3 और Line 4 में high और sky Line 1 और Line 2 से भिन्न लय प्रकट करते हैं, अतः इनकी rhyme scheme bb है।

इसी प्रकार से

Twinkle, twinkle little star 5. (a)
How I wonder what you are 6. (a)
When the blazing sun is gone. 7. (c)
When the nothing shines upon 8. (c)
Then you show your little light 9. (d)
Twinkle, twinkle all the night 10. (d)
Twinkje, twinkle little star 11. (a)
How I wonder what you are 12. (a)
अतः इस poem की rhyme scheme aa bb aa cc dd aa है।

Types of Rhyme Scheme:

1. Alternate rhyme : It is also known as ab ab rhyme.
The way a crow (a)
Shook down on me (b)
The dust of snow (a)
From a hemlock tree (b)

2. Ballade : It contains three stanzas with rhyme scheme of ab abb cbc be be.
3. Monorhyme : It is a poem in which every line uses the same rhyme scheme.
4. Couplet: It contains two line stanzas with a a, bb, c c, d d, rhyme scheme.

Belinda lived in a little white house (a)
With a little black kitten and a little grey mouse (a)
And a little yellow dog and a little red wagon (b)
And a realio, trulio, little pet dragon (b)
………
Now the name of the little black kitten was ink (c)
And the little grey mouse she called him blink (c)
And the little yellow dog was sharp as mustard (d)
But the dragon was a coward, and she called him custard (d)
अतः poem ‘The Tale of custard the Dragon’ एक Couplet है।