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Haryana State Board HBSE 6th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 1 Understanding Diversity Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 6th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 1 Understanding Diversity

HBSE 6th Class Civics Understanding Diversity Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Draw up a list of different festivals celebrated in your locality. Which of these celebrations are shared by members of different regional and religious communities?
Answer:
Festivals celebrated in our locality are:

1. Id
2. Gurupurab
3. Ram Navami
4. Christmas
5. Holi
6. Dussehra
7. Diwali
8. Buddha Purnima
9. Makar Sakranti
10. Ramzan
11. Lohri
12. Baishakhi
13. Teej
14. Rakshabandhan
15. Mahavir Jayanti.

We are all the children of one god. All the religions (Hinduism, Sikhism, Jainism, Buddhism, Islam and Christianity) teach us tolerance, equality and humanity. So the above mentioned festivals are shared by number of people in our community (locality). The festivals including national holidays are celebrated equally by people of different regional and religious communities.

Question 2.
What do you think living in India with its rich heritage of diversity adds to your life?
Answer:
The people of India belong to different races and castes, and em brace different religions. The inhabitants of the India are greatly different from one another in dress, eating habits and customs. Foreign scholars have termed India as a museum of diverse religions, races, communities and cultures.

This is the only country where unity in diversity and vice-versa breathes comfortably. So we think that living in India with its rich heritage of diversity adds great experience in our life.

Question 3.
Do you think the term ‘Unity in Diversity’ is an appropriate term to describe India? What do you think Nehru is trying to say about Indian unity in the sentence quoted above from his book ‘The Discovery of India’?
Answer:
Yes, this is an appropriate term to describe India. There is diversity in religion, languages, food, clothing, etc. in India. Everybody in India feels proud to call himself. Therself an Indian. They celebrate many festivals together and people of different religions visit each other’s places of worship. They live in the same community and share each other’s joys and sorrows.

They together fought to free India from British rule. Jawaharlal Nehru, the former Prime Minister and the writer of the ‘Discovery of India’ says that the Unity of India is deeper within its fold. The Indians are known for their tolerance, acknowledgment and encouragement for diverse religions and customs.

Question 4.
Underline the line in the poem sung after Jallianwalla Bagh Massacre, which according to you reflects India’s essential Unity.
Don’t forget the days of blood, O friend In the midst of your happiness remember to shed tear for us
The hunter has torn away every single flower Do plant a flower in the desert garden dear friend
Having fallen to bullets we slept in Jallianwala Bagh
Do light a lamp on this lonely grave O friend The blood of Hindus and Muslims flows together today
Do soak your robe in this river of blood dear friend
Some rot in jails while others lie in their graves
Do shed a few tears for them O friend.
Answer:
It is “The blood of Hindus and Muslims flows together today”.

Question 5.
Choose another region in India and do a similar study of the historical and geographical factors that influences the diversity found there. Are these historical and geographical factors connected to each other? How?
Answer:
We choose ‘Punjab’ region in India and do a similar study of the historical and geopgraphical factors there. Punjab is one of the most fertile plain in India. It is drained five rivers. The climate of Punjab veries from time to time. Like the whole part of the country, it undergoes four climatic changes in a year. In cold season, temperature goes down while in hot season, the temperature becomes very high. This plain is covered on north side by Himalayan ranges.

People of different religions live here. Hinduism, Islam and Sikhism are the religions mostly found here. Punjab produces a huge amount of wheat, rice and sugarcane. From industrial point of view, Punjab is also very rich. Like above mentioned geographical factors, history also influence this region.

From the beginning Punjab has been a number of attack from the foreign invaders, that makes the punjabi people very hard worker and brave. From the earliest time, it remained the very important part of India. All invaders who conquered Punjab were able to conquered India and those who were defeated at frontier state could never see India Punjab is known as the gateway of India. So, we can conclude that both geographical and historical factors are connected with each other. One has deep impact on other and vice-versa.

HBSE 6th Class Civics Understanding Diversity Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are communal riots?
Answer:
When arson, looting, fire and killing break out between two communities due to different reasons it is called communal riots.

Question 2.
Name the European sailor who came in search of a sea route to India.
Answer:
The Portuguese discovered the sea route to India, from Europe, when Vasco da Gama landed with his ships here.

Question 3.
Why was Ladakh considered a good trade route?
Answer:
Ladakh was considered a good trade route as it has many passes through which caravans travelled to what is today called Tibet.

Question 4.
By what name is national epic of Tibet known as?
Answer:
Kesar Saga.

Question 5.
How did the caste system create inequality?
Answer:
In the caste system a person could not change his profession, it was not considered necessary for him to know anything more than what was needed in the profession. This created a situation of inequality.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is inequality ? Give one example of inequality.
Answer:
Inequality comes about when a person does not have the resources and opportunities that are available to other persons. Samir did not have the opportunity to go to school, because his parents are poor and do not have enough to eat and wear.

Question 2.
Why is only very little agriculture possible in Ladakh?
Answer:
Very little agriculture is possible in Ladakh because:
(i) the region does not receive any rain.
(ii) it is covered in snow for large part of the year-1

Question 3.
Who was Ibn Batuta ? What did he write about Kerala?
Answer:
Ibn Batuta was an Arab trader who travelled to Kerala a little less than seven hundred years ago. In a travelogue, he described the lives of Muslims. He wrote that they were a highly respected community.

Question 4.
How did people of India prove that though they had diverse culture, they were united?
Answer:
Indians fought unitedly for the freedom of the country though they were from different backgrounds. They went to jail together. They found different ways to oppose the British.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How do the different cultures affect our lives?
Answer:
We are influenced by the different cultures because:
(a) We move from place to place for work and with each move our lives which are affected by different cultures that exist around us.
(b) In our own neighburhoods we live close to people from several communities.
(c) We hear stories about each other’s lives, customs and traditions and that too has an impact upon our lives.

Question 2.
Describe the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre. How does it reflect unity in diversity?
Answer:
(i) Men and women, Hindus, Sikhs and Muslims, rich and poor had gathered to peaceful protest against the British at Jallianwala Bagh on 13th April 1919.
(ii) A British General Dyer ordered his troops to open fire on a large group of these unarmed, peaceful people.
(iii) Thousands of people were killed. This shows how Indians proved that though they were different in race, culture, religion, languages and tradition; they were all united , they would do anything for India.

Question 3.
How can we explain diverity?
Answer:
Diversity can be explained in many ways, e.g.,
(i) Two hundred years before people travelled from one part of the world to another, in ships, on horses or camels or on foot. But after the advent of aeroplanes and trains, buses and cars people want to travel by them as journey is comfortable and takes less time.

(ii) Often people went in search of new lands or for trade. Because it took long to reach the destination, people stayed there for a long time. Sometimes people left their homes because of natural calamities, some went in search of work.

(iii) People come from villages to cities to find work. In cities it is often easy to forget how then- lives revolved around the surroundings. In villages they grow their own vegetables and grain. In the cities they depend on the market to buy things.

(iv) Sometimes when people make their homes in new places, they begin to change. Their languages, food, music and religion become a mix of old and new.

(v) Similarly people have to adapt themselves to geographical surroundings, e.g., living near the sea is very different rather living in a mountainous region.

Question 4.
Write how historical and geographical factors have influenced the life of the people in Kerala.
Answer:
Kerala is a state in south-western part of India, near the Arabian sea. It has sea on one side and hills on the other. A number of spices are grown on the hills. Spice trade was a flourishing trade. Pepper, cloves and cardamons were grown. It attracted lots of traders. Jewish and Arab traders were the first to come.

The Apostle of Christ, St. Thomas introduced Christianity to India. The Portuguese discovered the sea route to India. These historical influences led people in Kerala to practise Judaism, Islam and Christianity together with Hinduism. The fertile land and climate are suitable for growing rice and the majority of the people eat rice, fish and vegetables.

The fishing nets are called cheena-vala and utensils used for frying are called cheen-chatti and it is believed that word cheen must have come from China.

Understanding Diversity Class 6 HBSE Notes

• Diversity: The variety of differences in the traits, looks, behaviour, culture, religion, language, abilities, resources, and opportunities related to different people.
• Habitat: The geographical area in which people live and adapt their lives.
• Resources: Anything that can be of use to the people.
• Unity in Diversity: Oneness among people despite the diversity in traits and emotions.

Haryana State Board HBSE 6th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 6 Kingdoms, Kings and An Early Republic Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 6th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 6 Kingdoms, Kings and An Early Republic

HBSE 6th Class History Kingdoms, Kings and An Early Republic Textbook Questions and Answers

LET’S RECALL

Question 1.
State whether true or false:

1. Rajas who let the Ashvamedha horse pass through their lands were invited to the sacrifice.
2. The charioteer sprinkled sacred water on the king.
3. Archaeologists have found palaces in the settlements of the janapadas.
4. Pots to store grain were made out of Painted Grey Ware.
5. Many cities in Mahajanapadas were fortified.

Answer:

1. True
2. False
3. False
4. False
5. True

Question 2.
Fill in the chart given below with the terms:
hunter-gatherers, farmers, traders, crafts persons,herders
Those who paid the Taxes

Answer:

Question 3.
Who were the groups who could not participate in the assemblies of the ganas?
Answer:
(i) Women
(ii) Dasas and
(iii) Kammakaras (or so called shudras) were three groups who could not participate in the assembly of the ganas or the sangas.

LET’S DISCUSS

Question 4.
Why did the rajas of mahajanapadas build forts?
Answer:
The rajas of mahajanapads built forts because:
(a) People were afraid of attacks from other kings and needed protection.
(b) Some rulers wanted to show how rich and powerful they were.
(c) The land around the people living inside the fortified area could be controlled more easily by the king.

Question 5.
In what ways are present day elections different from the ways in which rulers were chosen in Janapadas?
Answer:
Rulers in Janapadas:
(a) Some of the rajas were chosen by jana, the people.
(b) Around 3000 years ago, some men became recognised as rajas by performing very big sacrifices.
(c) The rulers were only of Kshatriya class.
Present Day Elections:
(а) Presently leaders are elected democratically.
(b) Their position is not hereditary and can belong to any caste or tribe.
(c) Today, each adult citizen has the right to vote and the government is decided by elections in which each citizen casts his vote.

LET’S DO

Question 6.
Find the state in which you live in the political map of India. Were there any Janapadas in your state? If yes, name them. If not, name the Janapadas that would have been the closest to your state and mention whether they were to the east, west, north or south.

Answer:
Mark the state and then find out the janapadas in your state. For example:
The janapadas’ in the present’day Uttar Pradesh – Panchala, Kosala.

Question 7.
Find out whether any of the groups mentioned in answer 2 pay taxes today.
Answer:
The groups mentioned in answer 2 who pay taxes today are traders.

Question 8.
Find out whether the groups mentioned in answer 3 have voting rights at present.
Answer:
Today, voting rights are not decided by gender or profession. Women, kammkaras and dasas – all are entitled to vote today.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What was the ashvamedha sacrifice?
Answer:
It was a horse sacrifice, performed a ruler after the other rajas had accepted his supremacy and authority.

Question 2.
What was the role of the charioteer of king in the horse sacrifice?
Answer:
The charioteer of the king who was champion of the king in battle field, chanted tales of his glory in the sacrifice.

Question 3.
What is painted grey ware?
Answer:
Painted grey ware was a special kind of pottery, which had painted designs, usually simple lines and geometric pattern. Plates and bowls were the most common vessels made. They are extremely fine to touch, with a smooth surface. They were used on special occasions to serve food.

Question 4.
Who were ‘untouchable’?
Answer:
The ‘untouchable’ were crafts persons, hunters and gatherers as well as people who helped perform burials and cremations.

Question 5.
What is the literal meaning of the word ‘janapadas’?
Answer:
The literal meaning of the word janapada is – where the jana set its foot and settled

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How were the varnas determined? Write about them.
Answer:
Varnas were determined on the basis of birth e.g., if one’s father and mother were Brahmins one could automatically become a Brahmin and so on. Later they classified some people as untouchables. They included crafts persons, hunters and gatherers. The priests said that the contact with these groups was polluting.

Question 2.
How were the armies maintained by the rajas?
Answer:
(i) Soldiers were paid regular salaries and maintained by the king throughout the year.
(ii) Some payments were made to the soldiers using punch marked coins.

Question 3.
Why did rajas of Mahajanapadas start collecting regular taxes?
Answer:
Rajas of Mahajanapadas started collecting taxes because the resources were needed for:
(a) building huge forts
(b) maintaining big armies.

Question 4.
How was ‘ashvamedha’ ritual conducted?
Answer:
The ‘ashvamedha’ (horse sacrifice) was the ritual used to recognise men as ‘rajas’. A horse was left to wander freely. If it wandered into another kingdom and the king of that kingdom stopped it, they had to fight. The ‘raja’ who succeeded in the challenge was recognised as stronger. He would then perform the sacrifice in which other kings would also come.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain the system of Varnas of the later Vedic period.
Answer:
The Four Varnas: The priests divided people of the ancient India (or Later Vedic Age) into four groups, called Varnas. According to them, each Varna had a different set of functions to perform.
1. The Brahmins:
The first varna was that of the brahmin. Brahmins were expected to study (and teach) the Vedas, perform sacrifice and receive gifts.

2. The Kshatriyas:
In the second place were the rulers, also known as Kshatriyas. They were expected to fight battles and protect people.

3. The Vishs or Vaishyas:
Third were the Vishs or the Vaishyas. They were excepted to be farmers, herders, and traders. Both the Kshatriyas and the Vaishyas could perform sacrifices.

4. The Shudras:
Last were the shudras, who had to serve the other three groups and could not perform any rituals. Generally, women were also grouped with the shudras. Both women and shudras were not allowed to study the Vedas.

Question 2.
What changes took place in agriculture around this time?
Answer:
There were two significant changes in agriculture around this time:
(i) Growing use of iron plough-shares helped in yielding a better grain produce. Heavy, clayey soil could be turn better with an iron plough-share than with a wooden plough-share.
(ii) People began transplanting paddy. This meant that instead of scattering seed on the ground, from which plants would sprout, saplings were grown and then planted in the fields. Production developed due to this since many plants survived.

Question 3.
How did magadha become the most important Mahajanapada?
Answer:
Magadha became the most important Mahajanapada due to various reasons. They are:
(i) Many rivers such as the Ganga and son flowed through the Mahajanapada. This was important for transport, water supply and made the land fertile.
(ii) Elephants which lived in the forest, could be captured and trained for the army. Forests also provided wood for building houses, carts and chariots.
(iii) Iron ore mines in the region could be tapped to make strong tools and weapons.

What Books and Burials Tell Us Class 6 HBSE Notes

• Kingdom: A form of government in which a country is ruled by a king or a queen.
• Republic: A form of government in which power is held by the people or a group of elected persons or an elected chief.
• Oligarchy: An oligarchy is a government by the chosen few.
• Ambassador: An official representing the Government of his country in a foreign country.
• Amatyas: Ministers.
• Barter system: Exchange of goods.
• Janapads: Small states mainly ruled by tribals.
• Mahajanpadas: Large kingdoms comprising many kingdoms.
• Senapati: Chief of the army.
• Gramika: Headman of the village.
• Monarchy: State (kingdom) ruled by hereditary king.
• Shreni: A group of merchants and craftsmen following the same trade.
• Taxes: Taxes were the source of Income for any government. To perform various functions government collects money in the form of taxes i.e., Road tax, and property tax. etc.
• Varnas: Classification of people into four groups (Brahmins, Kshatriya, Vaishya, and the Shudras) on the basis of occupation were called Varnas.
• Ashvamedha: It means unquestioned control over an area in which the royal horse moves uninterruptedly. In the Vedic period, the king’s strength was influenced by these rituals.
• Matrimonial alliance: A relationship based on marriage.

Haryana State Board HBSE 6th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 5 What Books and Burials Tell Us Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 6th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 5 What Books and Burials Tell Us

HBSE 6th Class History What Books and Burials Tell Us Textbook Questions and Answers

LET’S RECALL

Question 1.

Answer:

Question 2.
Complete the sentences

1. Slaves were used for ………………. .
2. Megaliths are found in ……………… .
3. Stone circles or boulders on the surface were used to ………… .
4. Port-holes were used for ……………. .
5. People at Inaingaon ate ………………. .

Answer:

1. various kind of work
2. Deccan in the north, east and Kashmir
3. cover to burial places
4. entering the burial places
5. fruits, cereals and meat

LET’S DISCUSS

Question 3.
In what ways are the books we read tuday different from Rig Veda?
Answer:
Rig Veda Books:
Itistheearliest Vedas composed by Aryans and has 1028 hymns (songs in praise of god), Rigveda is the main source of information about vedic culture, which gives us the information about social, religious, and economic life of the people. These vedas were composed orally and passed orally too.

Modern Books:
Today books contain doses of scientific and technical knowledge along with religious and ethical values. Knowledge is passed through various methods-visually, orally. It is written, read and dictated.

Question 4.
What kind of evidence from burials do archaeologists use to find out whether there were social differences amongst those who were buried.
Answer:
The objects found in graves were usually different and vaned. They found different types of skeleton. In Brahinagiri, one skeleton was found with numerous jewels. On the other hand, some skeletons were found only with a few pots. This shows that economic and social difference existed even in those time. While some were poor, others enjoyed luxurious life.

Question 5.
In what ways do you think that the life of a raja was different from that of a dasa/dasi?
Answer:

LET’S DO

Question 6.
Find out whether your school library has a collection of books on religion, and list names of five books from this collection.
Answer:
The five books on religion are :
(1) Sikhs – Guru Granth Sahib
(2) Zorastrianism – Zend-ei-Avesta
(3) Islam – Quran
(4) Christians – Bible
(5) Judaism – Old Testament

Question 7.
Write down a short poem or song that you have memorised. Did you hear or read the poem or song ? How did you learn it by heart?
Answer:
आओ बच्चों तुम्हें दिखाएँ,
झाँकी हिंदुस्तान की।
इस मिट्टी से तिलक करो,
यह धरती है बलिदान की।
We heard the poem and learnt it by heart with the help of a teacher.

Question 8.
In the Rigveda, people were described in terms of the work they did and the languages they spoke. In the table below fill the names of six people you know, choosing three men and three women. For each of them mention the work they do and the languages they speak. Would you like to add else to the description?

Answer:

HBSE 6th Class History What Books and Burials Tell Us Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Where is the Great Bath located?
Answer:
Mohenjadaro.

Question 2.
Name the four Vedas?
Answer:
(i) Rigveda
(ii) Samaveda
(iii) Yajurveda
(iv) Atharvaveda.

Question 3.
Name the oldest Veda when was it composed.
Answer:
The oldest Veda is the Rigveda composed about 3500 years ago.

Question 4.
Which two epics lead to later Vedic age being called as Epic age?
Answer:
(i) Ramayana
(ii) Mahabharata.

Question 5.
Name the four vamas into which Aryan society is divided?
Answer:

Question 6.
Where was the Rigveda being composed?
Answer:
Rigveda was being composed in the north-west part of subcontinent.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Who composed and taught the hymns of the Rigveda? In what language is it written?
Answer:
The hymns were composed by the sages (rishis). Priest taught students to recite and memorise with great care. Most of the hymns were composed, taught and learnt by men. Few were composed by women. The Rigveda is written in vedic Sanskrit.

Question 2.
Name the two type ofburials. Write about them.
Answer:
The two type of burials are:
(i) Some megaliths can be seen on the surface, they are either surrounded by circle of stones or a single big megalith.
(ii) The other type of burial is in the cist, which are burials under ground. There were portholes to which were used as an entrance.

Question 3.
What was the wealth from the battles spent on?
Answer:
(a) Some of the wealth that was obtained was kept by leaders, some was given to the priests and the rest was distributed amongst the people.
(b) Some wealth was used for the performance of yajnas or sacrifices in which offerings were made into the fire. These were meant for gods and goddesses. Offerings could include ghee, grain, and in some cases animals.

Question 4.
Why people participated in wars?
Answer:
Most men took part in these wars. There was no regular army, but there were assemblies where people met and discussed matters of war and peace. They also choose leaders, who were often brave and skilful warriors.

Question 5.
What is a cist and porthole?
Answer:
When the burial places are underground, they are called ‘cist’. At some places many skeletal remains have been found in one megaliths. They were brought through the portholes, which was used as an entrance.

Question 6.
What evidence have archaeologists found that can lead us to the occupations performed by people at the Inamgaon?
Answer:
Archaeologists have found seeds of wheat, barley, rice, pulses, millets, peas and sesame. Bones of a number of animals, many bearing cut marks that show they may have been used as food, have also been found. These include cattle, buffalo, goat, sheep, dog, horse, ass, pig, sambhar, spotted deer, blackbuck, antelope, hare and mongoose, besides birds, crocodile, turtle, crab and fish. There is evidence that fruits such as ber, amla, jamun, dates and a variety of berries were collected.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How was community been depicted in the Rigveda as a whole?
Answer:
Some of the words used to describe people in the Rigveda.
(a) There are two groups who are described in terms of their work-the priests, sometimes called brahmins, who performed various rituals and the rajas.

(b) Two words were used to describe the people or the community as a whole. One was the word jana, which we still use in Hindi and other languages. The other was vish. The word vaishya come from vish.

(c) Sometimes, the people who composed the hymns described themselves as Ary as and called their opponents Dasas or Dasyus.

Question 2.
How do the archaeologists find out that the skeletal remain is of a men, women or a child?
Answer:
The archaeologists can find out that:
(i) It is easy to make out the skeleton of a child from its small size. However there are no major differences in the bones of a girl and a boy.

(ii) Sometimes, people decide on the basis of what is found with the skeleton e.g. if the skeleton is found with jewellery, it is sometimes thought to be that of a woman. However there are problems. Often men also wore ornaments.

(iii) A better way of finding out the sex of a skeleton is to look at the bone structure the hipour the pertic area of the women is generally larger to enable child bearing.

Question 3.
What are oracles? Why did the rulers in China consult the fortunetellers? Write about the way of living of the rulers.
Answer:
Around 3500 years ago, people in China knew about writing. They wrote on animal bones. These writings were called oracle bones, because they were used to predict the future. Kings got scribes write questions on the bones – would they win battle? Would they have a good harvest? The bones were then put into the fire and they cracked because of the heat. Then fortune-tellers studied the cracks and tried to’predict the future.

The kings lived in palaces in cities. They amassed vast quantities of wealth, including large elaborately decorated bronze vessels. However, they did not know about the iron.

What Books and Burials Tell Us Class 6 HBSE Notes

• Veda : The oldest books that represent the culture and ethics of Indian land.
• Hymns : Songs sung in the praise of a god or goddess.
• Chariot : The transport used by kings and queens or royal persons to travel from one place to another driven by horses or elephants.
• Sacrifice : To let off something that may be of need to you.
• Raja : (Here), the upper-class society who possessed rich luxuries.
• Slave : (Here), men and women captured in war.
• Burial : A site where a person is buried after his/her death.

Haryana State Board HBSE 6th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 4 In the Earliest Cities Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 6th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 4 In the Earliest Cities

HBSE 6th Class History In the Earliest Cities Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
How do archaeologists know that cloth was used in the Harappan civilization?
Answer:
Archaeologists know that the people in the Harappan civilization use cloth because they have found pieces of cloth attached to the lid of a silver vase. They have also found spindle whorls, made of terracotta and faience. They were used to spin thread.

Question 2.

Answer:

Question 3.
Why were metals, writing, the wh.ee! and the plough important for the Harappans?
Answer:
(i) Metals: Metals were important for the Harappans, because metals were used for making ornaments and seals.
(ii) Writing: They know the art of writing and their script was pictographic. They used this sign (pictographic script) to convey their idea (message).
(iii) Wheel: Wheel was used for making carts (bullock-carts, ox-carts). It was also used for disigning pottery.
(iv) Plough: Plough was used for digging the earth for turning the soil and planting seed s. Early plough were made of wood.

LET’S DISCUSS

Question 4.
Make a list of all the Terracotta toys shown in. the lesson. What do you think children would have enjoyed playing with the most?
Answer:
The Terracotta toys shown in the lesson are other Terracotta toys used were dolls, puppets, marbles, whistles, jewellery articles etc. We think children would have preferred toy carts instead of toy ploughs. Girls would have enjoyed dolls and puppets the most.

(a) Toys of dog.

(b) A toy plough.

(c) Toy cart.

Question 5.
Make a list of what the Harappans ate, and put a tick mark against the things you eat today.
Answer:
Harappans ate the following things:
(a) wheat
(b) barley
(c) pulses
(d) peas
(e) rice
(f) sesame
(g) linseed
(h) mustard
(i) fruits like her
We eat almost all the things mentioned in the list today.

Question 6.
Do you think that life of farmers and herders who supplied food to the Harappan cities was different from that of the farmers and herders you read about in chapter 3? Give reason for your answer.
Answer:
Some points of difference between the lives of farmers and herders who supplied food, to the Harappan cities, and those of the previous chapter:
(i) Tools:
Harappan farmers and herders used a wooden tool called plough which was used for turning the soil and planting seeds. The earlier farmers and herders used mortars and pestle for grinding grain. Their tools were also made of bone.

(ii) Irrigation: Harappan farmers and herders used irrigation for better produce while the earlier ones did not.

(iii) Storage: The Harappan farmers stored food in well-built granaries and not in clay pots, baskets, etc.

(iv) Residence:
Harappan farmers lived on the outskirts of cities, whereas there were no settled cities in the time of the farmers and herders in Chapter 3.

LET’S DO

Question 7.
Describe three important buildings in your city or village. Are they located in a special part of the settlement (e.g. the centre)? What are the activities that take place in these buildings?
Answer:
The three important building in my city, Delhi, are:
(i) Rashtrapati Bhavan: It is the official residence of the President of India.
(ii) Parliament House: Here the elected representatives of the people meet and discuss all important issues regarding the country.
(iii) Supreme Court: It is the highest court of the country where all the cases are decided. The building is called the supreme court building.

Question 8.
Are there any old building in your locality? Find out how old they are and who looks after them.
Answer:
There are many old buildings near my locality. They are
(i) Red Fort
(ii) Jama Masjid
(iii) Ferozeshah Kotla.
Red Fort was constructed in the 17th century.
Jama Masjid was also constructed in the 17th century.
Ferozeshah Kotla was built in the 15th century.
The Archaeological survey of India looks after the ancient buildings

HBSE 6th Class History In the Earliest Cities Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is a citadel?
Answer:
Citadel is the higher part of the city. Usually, the part to the west was smaller but higher.

Question 2.
Name some the important site of this culture.
Answer:
The important sites of this culture were Harappa and Mohenjodaro (now in Pakistan) Kalibangan and Lothal (in Rajasthan and Gujarat) respectively.

Question 3.
What was lower town?
Answer:
Lower town was part to the east of Harappan city which was larger but lower.

Question 4.
Where was cotton grown?
Answer:
It was grown at Mehrgarh about 7000 years ago.

Question 5.
What was done at fire altars?
Answer:
Sacrifices were performed at fire altars.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What do you know about the economic life of the people of Harappa Culture?
Answer:
The main occupation of the people of Indus Valley Civilization was agriculture. They grew wheat, barley and rice. Other occupations were animal rearing, the spinning and weaving of cotton and wool. Their most important industry was pottery. Jewellers made wonderful jewellery of gold, silver and stones. There were traders who carried on trade with foreign countries like Egypt and Sumer. Foodgrains were exported to foreign countries and gold, copper and tin were imported from abroad.

Question 2.
Write about the drainage system in the Harappan cities.
Answer:
Many of the cities had covered drains. They were carefully laid down in straight lines. Each drain had a gentle slope so that the water could flow through it. Very often drains in the houses were connected to those in the streets and smaller drains led into bigger ones. As the drains were covered, inspection holes were provided at intervals to clean them.

Question 3.
Write how were the fields cultivated by the farmers?
Answer:
Farming:
(i) A new tool, the plough was used to dig the earth for turning the soil and planting seeds. The plough was made of wood.
(ii) As this region does not receive heavy rainfall, some form of irrigation may have been used. This means water was stored arid supplied
to the fields when plants were growing.

Question 4.
List at least two differences between the houses of the Harappa and the earlier houses.
Answer:
In Harappa, the house were either one or two storeys high, with rooms built around a courtyard. Most house had a separate bathing area and some had wells to supply water.

Earlier house:
The archaeologists have found the remains houses Mehrgarh, a site in the fertile plain, near the Bolan Pass. Here the houses were either square or rectangular in pattern. Each house had four or more compartments, some of them may have been used for storage.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Describe the people living in the Harappan cities.
Answer:
There were mainly the following kinds of people living in Harappan Cities:
Rulers : They were people who planned the construction of special buildings in the city. They sent people to distant lands to get metal, precious stones, and other things that they wanted.
Scribes: Scribes were people who knew how to write. They prepared seals and also wrote on the other things that have not survived.
Crafts-persons: They were people who made all kinds of things. Besides, there were other people who were farmers or herders.

Question 2.
What factors indicated that Harappan culture was declining around 3900 years ago?
Answer:
The following factors indicated that Harappan culture was declining:
(а) People stopped living in many of the cities.
(b) Writing, seals and weights were no longer used.
(c) Raw materials brought from long distances became rare.
(d) The garbage was found piled up in the streets of Mohenjodaro.
(e) The drainage system broke down.
(f) The new, less impressive houses were built, even over the streets

Question 3.
What were the factors responsible for the decline of the Harappan City?
Answer:
(i) Floods: Some historians say that regular floods destroyed the Indus Valley Civilization.
(ii) Epidemic: Some historians think that an epidemic might have killed that people.
(iii) Change in Climate: Some other historians say that rapidly the climate began to change and the region became dry like a desert.
(iv) Attacked by the Aryans or some other people: Historians believed that Aryans or some other people attacked the Harappan cities and destroyed them.
(v) Loss of Control: Rulers might have lost control. Consequently, people abandoned sites in Sind and Punjab and moved to newer, smaller settlements to the east and the south.

Question 4.
How was Harappa discovered?
Answer:
Nearly a hundred and fifty years ago when railway lines were laid down for the first time in Punjab, engineers found the site of Harappa in present Pakistan. They thought, it was a big mound, which was a source of ready made, high quality bricks. So they carried off thousands of bricks from the walls of old buildings of the city to build railway lines.

Then about eighty years ago, archaeologists found the site and realised that it was one of the ancient cities in the subcontinent. As this was the first city to be discovered, all other si ties from where similar buildings were found were described as Harappan. The cities developed about 4700 years ago.

In the Earliest Cities Class 6 HBSE Notes

• Civilization: That stage of man’s development when he used to live in cities and looks for more than just the satisfaction of material needs.
• Culture: Develpoment of the body, mind and spirit by training and experience. It also includes the development of arts, science etc., in human society.
• Citadel: Fortress for protecting a town place of refuge or safety.
• The Harappan Culture: The culture which existed in Sindh, Punjab, Northern Rajasthan and Gujarat. It is also known as Indus Valley Civilization, after the principal river of the region.
• Pictographs: Pictures like signs to represents letters or words.
• Seal: A stamping tool made of clay with a design on one side.
• Four Valley Civilizations: Indus Valley Civilization, the Egyptian Civilization. The Chinese Civilization and the Sumerian Civilization.
• Lothal: The port from where the Harappan traders shipped their merchants.
• The Great Public Bath: The best-known building in the Harappan citadel.
• Granaries: Grain was stored in granaries.
• Pillared Hall: Hall whose roof stands on pillars.
• Dockyard: An area where ships are loaded and unloaded and place also used for repairing ships.
• Grid System: Intersection of roads at right angles to each other.
• Outskirts: A part of the city that is further away from its centre.
• Decipher: It means to make out of meaning.
• Armlets: Ornament worn in the arm known as armlets.
• Idol: An image used for worshipping and worship is called idol worship.
• Terracotta: Hard and reddish-brown baked clay is called Terracotta.
• Faience: Artificially produced gum used to shape sand or powdered quartz into an object.

Haryana State Board HBSE 6th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 3 From Gathering to Growing Food Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 6th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 3 From Gathering to Growing Food

HBSE 6th Class History From Gathering to Growing Food Textbook Questions and Answers

LET’S RECALL

Question 1.
Why do people who grow crops have to stay in the same place for a long time?
Answer:
People who grow crops have to stay at one place for a long time because the fields had to be looked after, the plants had to be watered and plants had to be protected from birds and animals so that they could grow and the seeds would ripen.

Question 2.
Look at the table given below. If Neinuo wanted to eat rice, which are the places she should have visited.

Answer:
If Neinuo wanted to eat rice, she should have visited Koldihwa and Mahagara (both in present day are the part of Uttar Pradesh).

Question 3.
Why do archaeologists think that many people who lived in Mehrgarh were hunters to start with and that herding became more important later?
Answer:
Archaeologists think many people who lived in Mehrgarh were hunters because they have found bones of many kinds of animals from earliest levels. These included bones of wild animals such as deer and pig. In later levels they found more bones of sheep and goat and in still later levels, cattle bones are more common.

Question 4.
State whether true or false:

1. Millets have been found at Hallur.
2. People in Burzahom lived in rectangular houses.
3. Chirand is a site in Kashmir.
4. Jadeite, found in Daojali Hading may have been brought from China.

Answer:

1. True
2. False
3. False
4. True.

LET’S DISCUSS

Question 5.
List three ways which the lives of farmers and herders would have been different from that of hunter-gatherers.
Answer:

Question 6.
Make the list of all animals mentioned in the table (Question No.2). For each one describe what they may have been used for.
Answer:
List of animals:

1. sheep
2. goat
3. cattle
4. dog
5. buffalo
6. ox
7. pig.

1. sheep: meat and wool.
2. goat: milk and meat.
3. cattle: for diary and milk products.
4. dog: to look after the fields.
5. buffalo: milk giving animal.
6. ox: for ploughing the field and pulling the carts..
7. pig: for meat.

LET’S DO

Question 7.
List the cereals that you eat.
Answer:
Some cereals eaten by us are listed below:

1. Bajra
2. Wheat
3. Barley
4. Rice
5. Millet
6. Maize
7. Lentil
8. Jowar.

Question 8.
Do you grow the cereals you have listed in answer no. 7? If yes, draw a chart to show the stages in growing them. If not, draw a chart to show how these cereals reach you from the farmers who grow them.
Answer:
The farmers grow the cereals. The various steps involve are :
(1) Ploughing the field and putting manure.
(2) Sowing the seeds.
(3) Looking after the tender plants and saving them from pests.
(4) Watering the fields when necessary.
(5) Harvesting the crop.
(6) Storing them in the sheds.
The cereals reach to the people from the farmers. The chart given below show it.

The crops are purchased by the middle man from the farmers. They bring it to the cities.
↓

They sell them to the wholesale merchant or a retailer.

↓

We buy it form the shops, either from the wholesale merchant or retailer.

HBSE 6th Class History From Gathering to Growing Food Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Name the different conditions needed for survival of plants and animals.
Answer:
Animals and plants need different conditions grow and survive e.g.
(i) Rice requires more water than wheat and barley.
(ii) Sheep and goat can survive more easily than cattle in dry mountains environment.

Question 2.
Give one difference between domesticated animals and wild animals.
Answer:
The teeth and horns of wild animals are usually much larger than those of domesticated animals.

Question 3.
Name the first animal that was tamed.
Answer:
Dog was the first animal to be tamed.

Question 4.
How are animals useful as a ‘store’ of food?
Answer:
Domesticated animals like cow, goat, hen if looked after carefully; provide milk, meat and eggs. Hence, animals that are reared can be used as a ‘store’ of food.

Question 5.
Define domestication.
Answer:
Domestication is the name given to the process in which people grow plants and look after animals.

Question 6.
How are tribes different from other form of societies?
Answer:
In the tribal set-up land, forests, grasslands and water are regarded as the wealth of the entire tribe and everybody shares and uses these together. There are no sharp differences between the rich and the poor.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How did domestication take place? Name the earliest plants and animals to be domesticated.
Answer:
Domestication was a gradual process that took place in many parts of the world. It began about 12000 years ago. Some of the earliest plants to be domesticated were wheat and barley. The earliest domesticated animals include sheep and goat.

Question 2.
How did people become farmers?
Answer:
Men, women and children observed many things like:

• the places where edible plants were found.
• how seeds broke off stalks, fell on the ground and new plants sprouted from them.

They began looking after plants protecting them from birds and animals so that they could grow and the seeds could ripen. In this way, people became farmers.

Question 3.
What are burials? Write about the burial in Mehrgarh.
Answer:
When people die their relatives and friends generally pay respect to them, people look after them in the belief that there is form of life after death. Burial is one such arrangement. In one kind of burial, found at Mehrgarh, the dead person was buried with goats, which was probably meant to serve as food in the next world.

Question 4.
Describe the features of pit houses found in Burzahom.
Answer:
(a) Pit-houses were dug into the ground, with steps leading into them.
(b) These houses may have provided shelter in cold weather.
(c) There were cooking houses both inside and outside the huts so that depending on weather people could cook food inside or outside the houses.

Question 5.
What types of tools were used by farmers and herders ?
Answer:
Stone tools have been found from many sites. They are often different from the Palaeolithic tools and are called ‘Neolithic’. There were tools that were polished so as to give a fine cutting edge, and mortars and pestles were used for grinding grain and other plant produce. However, Palaeolithic tools were still used for some purposes. Some tools were also made of bone.

Question 6.
Where is, Daojali Hading ? Write about the life of the people.
Answer:
Daojali Hading is a site on the hills near the Brahamputra valley, close to the routes leading to China and Myanmar. Here stone tools, including mortars and pestles have been found.

It indicated that people were probably growing grain and preparing food. They also used tools made of fossil wood (ancient wood that has hardened into stone) and pottery. Other finds include jadeite, a stone that may have been brought from China.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Describe the lives of people in a tribe ?
Answer:
The lives of people in a tribe can be described as follows:
(a) Members of a tribe follow occupations such as hunting, gathering, farming, herding and. fishing.
(b) Usually, women do most of the agricultural work, including preparing the ground, sowing seeds, looking after the growing plants and harvesting grain.
(c) Children often look after plants, driving away animals and birds that might eat them.
(d) Men usually lead large herds of animals in search of pasture.
(e) The cleaning of animals and milking is done by both men and women.
(f) The members of the tribe make pots, baskets, tools and huts.
(g) They also take part in singing, dancing and decorating their huts.

Question 2.
Describe the life in site of Mehrgarh.
Answer:
Mehrgarh is a site located in a fertile plain, near the Bolaun Pass, one of the most important routes into Iran. It was one of the first places where people grew barley and wheat, and reared sheep, and goat. In fact, it is one of the earliest known villages.

Archaeologists have found evidence of animal bones here on excavation. They have found remains of houses here. Most houses were square or rectangular. They usually had four or more compartments, some of which may have been used for storage. Several burial sites have also been found in Mehrgarh.

Question 3.
Describe the tools and pots and other crafts of the Neolithic times.
Answer:
Many of the stone tools are different from the earlier times, which belonged to the Palaeolithic period. The new tools are called Neolithic. They include tools that were polished to give a fine cutting edge and mortars and pestles used for grinding grains. Many kinds of earthen pots have also been found. They were sometimes decorated and used for storing things. People began using pots for cooking food like rice, wheat, lentils. They also began to weave cloth using cotton that was now grown.

Question 4.
Make a list of all the activities performed by men and women in tribal societies.
Answer:
The activities which were performed by men and women in tribal societies were
(i) Occupation:
People followed different occupations such as hunting, gathering, farming, herding and fishing. Most of the agricultural work was done by women, including preparing the ground, sowing seeds, looking after the growing plants and harvesting grain. Men usually took the animals for grazing. Women also thresh, husk and grind grain. The cleaning and milking was done both by men and women. Both men and women made pots, baskets, tools and huts. They also took part in singing and dancing.

(ii) Leaders of the society: Some men who were old and experienced or young brave warriors or priests were leaders.

(iii) Cultural traditions: The tribes had rich and unique cultural traditions including language, music, stories and painting. They also had their own gods and goddesses.

From Gathering to Growing Food Class 6 HBSE Notes

• Farmer: One who cultivates a land.
• Herder: One who tends herds of cattle or a keeper of herds of animals.
• Neolithic age: The last stage of the Stone Age.
• Tribes: Usually two or three generations live together in small settlements or villages most families are related to one another and groups of such families form a tribe.

Haryana State Board HBSE 6th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 2 On The Trail of the Earliest People Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 6th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 2 On The Trail of the Earliest People

HBSE 6th Class History On The Trail of the Earliest People Textbook Questions and Answers

LET’S RECALL

Question 1.
Complete the following sentences:

1. Hunter-gatherers chose to live in caves and rock shelters because ————-.
2. Grasslands developed around ————- years ago.
3. Early people painted on the ————- of caves.
4. In Hunsgi, tools were made of ————- .

Answer:

1. they provided shelter from the rain, heat and wind
2. 12,000
3. walls
4. Lime-stone.

Question 2.
Look at the present-day political map of the subcontinent on page 136 of the textbook. Find out the states where Bhimbetka, Hunsgi, and Kurnool are located. Would Tushar’s train have passed near any of these sites?
Answer:
Bhimbetka – Madhya Pradesh
Hunsgi – Karnataka
Kurnool – Andhra Pradesh
Thushar’s train would have passed near Bhimbetka, Hunsgi and Kurnool, since they all lie on tfie possible train route’ from Delhi to Chennai.

LET’S DISCUSS

Question 3.
Why did the hunter-gatherers travel from place to place ? In what ways are these similar to/different from the reasons for which we travel today.
Answer:
The hunter-gatherers travelled from place to place for the following reasons:
(a) If they had stayed at one place for a longtime, they would have eaten up all the available plant and animal resources. Therefore, they would have to go elsewhere in search of wood.
(b) Hunters also had to follow the movements of animals from place to place who moved in search of smaller prey or in search of grass and leaves.
(c) People also moved from season to season in search of different kinds of plants.
(d) People living on the banks of seasonal rivers would have had to move in search of water during the dry seasons.

Question 4.
What tools would you use today for cutting fruit ? What would they be made of?
Answer:
We will use knife, cutter, shilter, dagger, spoon, fork, etc., for cutting fruits.

• They would be made of different metals like copper, bronze, iron, steel etc.

Question 5.
List three ways in which hunter-gatherers used fire. Would you use fire for any of these purposes today?
Answer:
Hunter-gatherers used fire for purposes like:

• A source of light
• A resources of cooking meat
• A way to scare away wild animals.

Now-a-days we use fire for:

• Cooking
• To keep ourselves warm.

LET’S DO

Question 6.
Make two columns in your note book. In the left hand column, list the foods hunter-gatherers ate. In the right hand column, list some of the foods you eat. Do you notice any similarities/differences?
Answer:
Hunter-gatherers:
They ate meat of wild animals, caught fish and birds, gathered fruits, roots, nuts seeds, leaves and shalks and egg. Most probably they ate raw meat.

Food which we eat:
Food consists of several cereals, pulses, fruits and vegetables. It also contains meat, milk and milk products. Some of the food like vegetables can both be cooked or eaten raw.

Question 7.
List two tasks that are performed 1 by both men and women at present. List another two that are performed only by women, and two that are performed only by men. Compare your list with that of any two of your classmates. Do you notice any  similarities/differences in your lists?
Answer:
(a) Both men and women work in the offices as clerks and managers.
(b) Both men and women work in the police department.
(c) They work as pilots, doctors and engineers.
(d) Newsreaders on television and radios anchors other programmes.
Men
(a) Water transport. Mostly men row the boats or captain of the ship.
(b) Under water divers, who explore the sunk ships.
Women
(1) Nursing
Student should compare this list with others yourself.

HBSE 6th Class History On The Trail of The Earliest People Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is a flint?
Answer:
A flint is a hard grey stone that can produce a spark whenever it is rubbed.

Question 2.
Who are hunter gatherers?
Answer:
‘Hunter-gatherers’ is the name which comes from the way people collected food. Generally they hunted wild animals, caught fish and birds, gathered fruitsroots, nuts, seeds etc.

Question 3.
What did the immense variety of plants in a tropical land suggest?
Answer:
It meant that gathering plant produce was an extremely important means of obtaining food.

Question 4.
Where is water found?
Answer:
Water is found in lakes, streams and rivers.

Question 5.
What was fire used for?
Answer:
Fire was used to cook meat, as a source of light and to scare away animals.

Question 6.
Why did people choose to live in the Narmada valley?
Answer:
People choose the Narmada valley because water was easily available. Natural caves and rock shelters are found in the Vindhyas and Deccan plateau, close to the river.

Question 7.
How do we come to know about these early people?
Answer:
Archaeologists have found some of the things used by hunter-gatherers. They may have made tools of stone, wood and bone tools which could help them to survive easily.

Question 8.
What are factory sites?
Answer:
Places where stone was found and where people made tools are known as factory-sites.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How did the hunter-gatherer used the stone-tools?
Answer:
Some of the stone tools were used to

1. cut meat and bone
2. scrap bark from trees and hides
3. chop fruits and roots.
4. Some may have been attached to handles to make spears and arrows for hunting arrows.
5. Chop wood which was used as fire wood.
6. Wood was also used to make huts and tools.
7. Digging the ground to collect edible roots.
8. Stitching clothes made of animal skin.

Question 2.
How were the cave paintings found in France? Describe the paintings.
Answer:
The cave paintings in France were discovered by four school children, more than a hundred years ago. They were made between 20,000 and’10,000 years ago. Many of these were of animals, such as wild horses, Aurochs (order wild form of cattle), bison, woolly rhinoceros and bear painted in bright colours.

These colours were made from minerals like ochre or ion ore and charcoal. They were possibly made on ceremonial occasions or for special rituals.

Question 3.
Write a note on Mesolithic Age.
Answer:
(a) The period when we find environmental changes, beginning about 12,000 years ago till about 10,000 years ago is called the Mesolithic (middle stone).
(b) Stone tools found during this period are generally tiny, and are called microliths.
(c) Microliths were probably stuck on to handles of bones or wood to make tools such as sows and sickles.

Question 4.
How can we say that the people know about fire? How was it used? How do we use it?
Answer:
Traces of ash have been found in the Kurnool caves in Tamil Nadu. This suggested that people knew about fire. Fire could have been used as a
(1) source of light
(2) to cook meat
(3) to scare away animals.
We use fire for cooking food.

Question 5.
How can we say that ostrich once lived in India ? Where do we find ostriches today?
Answer:
Ostrichs were found in India during the Palaeolithic period. Large quantities of ostrich shells have been found at Patne in Maharashtra. Designs were engraved on some pieces, white beads were also made out of them. They may have been used to make ornaments. Today ostriches are found in South Africa, where ostrich farms have been developed. They are used to give joy ride to the people.

Question 6.
Why were ‘hunter-gatherers’ called so?
Answer:
The ‘hunter-gatherers’ were called so because of the way in which they got their food. Generally, they hunted wild animals, caught fish and birds, gathered fruits, roots, nuts, seeds, leaves, stalks and eggs. Gathering plant produce was an extremely important means of obtaining food in a tropical land.

Question 7.
What are sites? Write about the things found at the sites.
Answer:
Sites are places where the remains of things (tools, pots, buildings etc.) were found. The things found were made, used and left behind by people. These things may have been found on the surface of the earth, buried under the earth, or sometimes even under water.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are the sites found at Hunsgi?
Answer:

• A number of early Palaeolithic sites were found at Hunsgi.
• At some sites, a large number of tools used for all activities were found. These were probably habitation-cum-factory sites.
• At some other sites, tools were made.
• Some of the sites were close to the springs.

Question 2.
Do we know how the work was distributed between men and women?
Answer:
The earliest people hunted animals and gathered plants produce, made stone tools and painted on cave walls. At present we do not know who went to hunt animals, or made stone tools or painted on the walls of the caves or gathered plant produce. It may be likely that both men and women did many work together. It is also possible that the men performed some tasks and women did some other work. Again there could have been different practices in different parts of the sub-continent.

Question 3.
How did the people learn about herding and growing of plants?
Answer:
Around 12000 years ago, there were major changes in the climate of the world, with a shift to warm conditions. In many areas, this led to the development of grasslands, this in turn led to an increase in the number of deer, antelope, goat, sheep and cattle i.e., animals that survived on grass.

People learnt herding:
Those who hunted these animals now followed them, learning about their food habits and their breeding season. It is likely that this helped people to start thinking about herding and rearing these animals themselves.

People learn to grow plants:
This was also the time when several grain bearing grasses including wheat, barley, rice etc. grow naturally in different parts of the sub-continent. Men, women and children probably collected these grains as food and learnt where they grew and when they ripened, this may have led them to think about growing plants on their own.

Question 4.
How were stone tools made by the people?
Answer:
There were two techniques to make tools. They are:
(i) The first is called stone on stone. Here the pebble, from which the tool was to be made (also called the core) was held in one hand. Another stone which was used as a hammer was held in the other hand. The second stone was used to strike off flakes from the first, till the required shape was obtained.

(ii) Pressure Flaking:
Here the core was placed on a firm surface. The hammer stone was used on a piece of stone or bone that was placed on the core, to remove flakes that could be 7 shaped into tools.

Question 5.
Give four reasons why hunter-gatherers moved from place to place.
Answer:
The hunter-gatherers moved from place to place:
(i) First, if they had stayed at one place for a long time, they would have eaten up all the available plants and animal resources. Therefore, they would have had to go elsewhere in search of food.

(ii) Animals move from place to place-either in search of small prey or in case of deer and wild cattle, in search of grass and leaves. That is why the hunters had to follow the animals.

(iii) Third plants and trees bear fruit in different seasons so people may have moved from season to season in search of different kinds of plants.

(iv) People, animals and plants need water to survive. Water is found in lakes, streams, and rivers. While many lakes and rivers get water throughout the year, others are seasonal. People living on their banks would have had to go in search of water during the dry seasons (summer and winter).

On The Trail of the Earliest People Class 6 HBSE Notes

• Food gatherer: It means a living being that roams in search of food.
• Food producer: It means a living being that can sow and grow food giving plants for his food.
• Barter system: The system of exchange of articles is called the barter system.
• Flint: Hard grey stones that can produce a spark by rubbing are called flint.
• Old Stone Age: The period when man used crude stone tools and weapons. They even led a nomadic life called the Palaeolithic age. It is also known as Old Stone Age.
• Mesolithic age: The transitional phase between the Palaeolithic and Neolithic ages is called the Mesolithic age.
• Site: A site is a place where archaeological evidence is found. Habitation is the site where the people live.
• Microliths: Microliths are very small-sized tools: which were used by people at the beginning of the Neolithic age.

Haryana State Board HBSE 10th Class English Solutions Letter Writing Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 10th Class English Letter Writing

Letter Writing

A. Letters Making Orders

1. Write a letter to M/s Azad Hind Book Stores, Court Road, Bengaluru, placing an order for some books you urgently need. You may sign yourself as Rajeshwari of 151, Kachi Guda Crossing, Hyderabad.

151, Kachi Guda Crossing
Hyderabad
Sept. 18, 20…….
M/s Azad Hind Book Stores,
Court Road,
Bengaluru

Subject: Order for books.

Dear Sirs,
I need some books of 10th class. Your goodself is requested to send me the following books as per V.P.P. as early as possible.
1. Deepak English Guide for X class                  4 copies
2. Deepak Science Guide for X class                 4 copies
3. Deepak Hindi Guide for X class                     4 copies
4. Deepak Guess Papers-cum-Model Test Papers, X class
(English, Hindi, Maths, Science)                         2 copies each
Please pack the books properly and send these at an early date.
Thanking you,

Yours faithfully
Rajeshwari

2. You are Kamal Verma of 77, Exchange Road, Kanpur. Write a letter to the Manager, Indian Bakery, ordering some items of your choice suitable for a picnic party of ten friends.

77, Exchange Road
Kanpur
November 28, 20…….

The Manager
Indian Bakery
Kanpur
Subject: Order for bakery items.
Sir,
1 and some of my friends are having a picnic party next week. You are requested to supply us the following

items of bakery by next Sunday :
1. Special pastries (with chocolate flavour)                         20 pieces
2. Cream rolls                                                                      20 pieces
3. Coconut Cookies                                                             5 packets
4. Waffers                                                                            5 packets
5. Patties                                                                              10 pieces
Please be careful about the quality of all these items.
Thanking you,

Yours sincerely
Kamal Verma

3. Write a letter on behalf of Pankaj Crockeries, Rajguru Market, Hisar to a firm in Faridabad, placing order for some items of crockery.

Pankaj Crockeries
50, Rajguru Market, Hisar
August 25, 20…….

Messers Ram Chander & Co.
Main Bazar Faridabad
Subject: Order for crockery items.
Dear Sirs,
I need some crockery items for my shop. I request your goodself to send me the following crockery items at the earliest as per your own conveyance.
1. Rice plates                                                             100 pieces
2. Rice dongas                                                          10 pieces
3. Vegetable dongas                                                 50 pieces
4. Coffee mugs                                                          150 pieces
5. Teacups                                                                 100 pieces
Please be careful in packing of these items. Send the bill alongwith these items and payment will be deposited in your bank account immediately after receiving the bill and items.
Thanks,

Yours sincerely
Manager
Pankaj Crockeries

4. You are Nisha, librarian of G.S.S. School, A.B.C. Write a letter to the sales manager for placing an order for the books for your school library.

The librarian
GS.S. School A.B.C
16th April, 20…….

The Sales Manager
XYZ

1. Life History of Stephen Fleming                         10 copies
2. Discovery of India (English)                                10 copies
3. Bharat EK Khoj (Hindi)                                        5 copies
4. Oxford Learners Dictionary                                5 copies
5. Godan                                                                 5 copies
Publication A.B.C.
Subject: Order for the books.
Sir,
With reference to the above cited subject your goodself is requested to send me the following books for our school library. The list follows as :
Please send the books at the earliest as per your own convenience. Please check the quality and quantity of the books carefully before packing and do the packing carefully. Payment will be made cash at the time of delivery.
Thanks,

Yours faithfully
Nisha

B. Letters Making Inquiries and Giving Suggestions

1. Write a letter to a goods transport company asking for their freight.

Harish Garments
Ambala Cantt.
10 May, 20…….

The Sandhu Transport Company
G T. Road, Ludhiana
Subject: Regarding freight inquiry.
Sir,
1 have a garments shop at Ambala Cantt. I purchase cloth from Ludhiana. Every Sunday twenty knots of cloth arrive to me from Ludhiana to Ambala through railway but I am willing to hire the services of a transport company. So that the material may reach to me by road at my door. Kindly send me the freight list of your transport company. So that I may place an early order. Please take it most urgent.
Thanking you,

Yours faithfully
Harish Kumar

2. Write a letter to M/s Vikrant Electronics, Circular Road, Bengaluru asking for the price list of pre-recorded music cassettes of some of the latest Hindi films. You may sign yourself as David of 110, Moti Bagh, Lucknow.

110, Moti Bagh
Lucknow
January 15, 20…….

M/s Vikrant Electronics
Circular Road
Bengaluru
Subject: Inquiry about the price list.
Dear Sir,
I run a music shop in Lucknow. I wish to purchase in bulk quantity some of the pre-recorded cassettes of latest Hindi films. You are requested to let me know your price list for the music cassettes of the following films:
1. Airlift
2. Bahubali
3. Drishyam
4. Bajrangi Bhaijaan
5. Neeija
Please send me the information soon so that I may place an early order.
Thanking you,

Yours faithfully
David

3. M/s Kanchan Cookware, Delhi Gate, Ajmer, have advertised a scheme to exchange old pots and pans with non-stick wares. Write a letter to the manager of the firm enquiring about the terms and conditions of the scheme. Sign yourself as Mrs Sneha Gupta of Park Lane, Kota.

Park Lane
Kota
October 15, 20…….

The Manager
Kanchan Cookware
Delhi Gate, Ajmer
Subject: Enquiry about the terms and conditions of the scheme.
Sir,
I read your advertisement in the Hindustan Times. You have advertised that you have a scheme to exchange old pots and pans with non-stick cookwares.

I am interested in exchanging some old pots and pans with non-stick wares. You are requested to kindly let me know the details about your scheme. Kindly also write whether you can send the goods through railway parcel.
Thanking you,

Yours sincerely
Sneha Gupta

4. Write a letter to a firm of furniture, asking for quotation of prices for furniture for offices and homes. Inquire also about the concession and commission given and the credit facilities.

Bharat Bhushan and Co.
Gandhi Market, Rajgarh
February 15, 20…….

M/s Avon Street Furniture
6/12, Noida
Ghaziabad
Subject: Demand for quotation of prices.
Dear Sirs,
We wish to buy furniture of different kinds for offices and homes. Our demand is immediate. Please send us quotation of prices of all kinds and qualities of furniture supplied by you.

We would also like to know how much commission and concession you offer to your customers. And also let us know the credit facilities which you are ready to give us.
Thanking you,

Yours sincerely
Manager
Bharat Bhusan & Co.

5. Write a letter to M/s Usha Sales Limited, Mumbai, requesting them to send you the price list of the models of sewing machines available with them. Also enquire how soon they can execute your order. Sign yourself as Jack.

CU 104, Pitampura
New Delhi
August 25, 20…….

M/s Usha Sales Limited
Andheri (West)
Mumbai
Subject: For the price list of sewing machines.
Dear Sirs,
We need twenty new Usha sewing machines. You are requested to kindly send us the price list of various models of Usha sewing machines available with you. Please mention the rates of each model including all taxes.

We need these machines urgently. So you are requested to inform us how soon you can deliver the goods.
Thanking you,

Yours faithfully
Jack

C. Letters of Complaints and Suggestions

1. Write a letter to the S.H.O. of your locality reporting about the theft that occurred in your house.

Randhir Kapoor
H.No. 2597, Housing Board Colony
Ambala Cantt.
10 October, 20…….

The S.H.O.
Police station
Ambala Sadar
Subject: Regarding theft in my house.
Sir,
I request yourself that today I went to market with my wife and son at 7p.m. All the rooms and the main gate were locked. When I returned home from the market at 9.30 p.m. I found that the main gate door was safe but the house locks were broken. Some thieves jumped over the wall and comitted the crime. When I reached the house I found that fifty thousand rupees cash, ten tolas jewellery, gas cylinder, Samsung LED 48″ and clothes have been stolen. Please register a complaint and oblige me by making a swift search in this case.
Thanks,

Yours faithfully
Randhir Kapoor
999111xxxx

2. You bought some goods from M/s Scientific Goods Emporium and found them in broken condition. Write a letter to them asking to replace the goods immediately.

35, Daya Basti 9-A, Mahesh
Nagar Ambala Cantt
May 29, 20……….

M/s Scientific Goods Emporium
Kamal
Subject: Complaint about broken scientific goods.
Respected Sir,
We ordered you the following scientific goods:
1. Ammeter – 5 pieces
2. Anemometer – 10 pieces
3. Audiometer – 10 pieces
4. Barograph – 5 pieces
But we found all these goods in broken condition. These goods were not packed properly. They are not in condition to use. You are requested to take these goods back at your cost and send us the goods in good condition in a properly packed parcel.
Thanking you,

Yours faithfully
Neeraj Kumar

3. Write a complaint to the General Manager, Haryana Roadways, Kaithal. Write that the conductor of the bus misbehaved with you. Be specific in your complaint.
Or
You are Sonia. Write a letter to the General Manager of Haryana Roadways complaining about the problem of smoking in running buses.

987, Pratap Nagar
Kaithal
March 25, 20………..

The General Manager
Haryana Roadways
Kaithal
Subject: Complaint against the bus conductor.
Sir,
I wish to complain against the rude behaviour of one of the conductors of the Haryana Roadways, Kaithal Depot. On 20th March, 20…….. I boarded the bus No. HR08F-4498 from Sirsa for going to Hisar. The bus started at 10 a.m. After some time, the conductor started smoking a cigarette. This was a clear violation of the rules. It was clearly written in the bus : “No smoking.” I told the conductor that if he himself broke the rules, how he would prevent the passengers from smoking.

I asked him not to smoke. But instead of listening to my advice, the conductor became very rude. He shouted at me and insulted me. He said that he did not care for anybody. He threatened to throw me out of the bus. The other passengers also objected to his behaviour. But he did not listen to any one.

Sir, you are requested to take appropriate action against the bus conductor.
Thanking you,

Yours faithfully
Sonia

4. You are Arun of Gurugram. You are disturbed to see the problem of traffic jam in NCR region which causes loss of time as well as fuel. Write a letter to S.S.P. (Traffic) Gurugram in about 100 words drawing attention to the problem of traffic jam in Gurugram.

1414, Gulmohar Vatika
Gurugram
8 May, 20…….

The S.S.P. (Traffic)
Gurugram
Subject: Regarding the problem of traffic jam in Gurugram.
Dear Sir,
With reference to the above cited subject I wish to draw your kind attention to the problem of traffic jam in NCR region. Sir, in the morning hours before 10 a.m. and in the evening hours after 5 p.m. the condition is of the worst type. Sometimes it takes two to three hours to cover a distance of just ten kilometres. Due to this traffic jam a big pollution is caused by the engineer of the vehicles. Sir, please make some specific plan to give some relief to the people of NCR region from the routine traffic jams.
Thanks,

Yours faithfully
Arun

5. You are Veena of 1953 Lower Bazar, Shimla. You have purchased a washing machine from the Nav Bharat Electronics Ltd., Sadar Bazar, Delhi. Write a letter to the firm praising their product. Also make some suggestions for further improvement in the machine.

1953, Lower Bazar
Shimla
November 15, 20……

M/s Bharat Electronics Ltd.
Sadar Bazar
Delhi
Subject: Suggestions for further improvement in the machine.
Dear Sirs,
I purchased a Bharat washing machine from your firm last year. I wish to point out that the washing machine is working satisfactorily. During the one year, it has not created any problem. I congratulate you on making such a fine washing machine. However, there are some suggestions to make the machine still better. Its wash tub is small and cannot hold more than five garments. You can fit a bigger wash tub in the future machines. Secondly, its rotator motor is not very powerful. If you can make it more powerful, it will improve the working of the machine. I hope you will like these suggestions.
Thanking you,

Yours faithfully
Veena

6. Write a letter to the SDO (Electricity) complaining about the frequent breakdown of electricity in your area

73-C, Vashishth Nagar,
Panipat
July 03, 20……….
The S.D.O.
Ram Nagar
Panipat
Subject: Complaint against the frequent breakdown of electricity.
Sir,
I would like to draw your attention to the problem of frequent breakdown of electricity in our area. The residents of this area have to face a lot of problems due to these break downs. The whole area is thrown into the darkness at night. The students are facing a lot of difficulty in preparing for their exams. Sir, it is summer season and the weather is very hot. It has become impossible to survive without electricity. The weak and old people are also suffering a lot due to this problem.

Sir, you are requested to look into the matter and solve this problem as early as possible.
Yours faithfully
Ram Narayan Mishra.

7. Write a letter to Messers Gupta Electronics, complaining that the fridge you bought from the firm is not functioning properly. You want its immediate replacement.

Rajan Malhotra
7-A, Model Town
Ambala City
April 7,20…….

Messers Gupta Electronics
Court Road Ambala City
Subject: Complaint about the fridge.
Dear Sir,
It is brought to your kind notice that I bought a Godrej fridge of 200 Liters from your shop only last month. I am regretful to inform you that the functioning of this fridge is not proper. Its freezer is not working at all. Sometimes the fridge gets switched off automatically. It makes a loud noise when it works. If it is opened with bare feet it gives a shock. I think this piece has some manufacturing defects. I request you to replace it immediately. The warranty card along with the original bill is being sent with this letter.
Thanks,

Yours sincerely
Rajan Malhotra

D. Official Letters

1. Write a letter to the General Manager, Janta Bus Service, Mahanagar, suggesting extension of local bus service to your village Nayagaon. Sign yourself as Vijay.

Village Nayagaon
Distt. Mahanagar
February 16, 20………..

The General Manager
Janta Bus Service
Mahanagar
Subject: Request for extension of local bus service.
Sir,
I am a resident of village Nayagaon. The local bus service of your corporation is very good. But the local bus service does not cover our village. The bus comes upto Puranagaon which is two kilometres away from our village. Our village is very important because a number of the people of our village do jobs in Mahanagar. They feel great difficulty in reaching their offices. Many students also cannot reach their schools and colleges in time.

You are requested to extend the local bus service up to our village.
Thanking you,

Yours faithfully
Vijay

2. You are Santosh. You have shifted to 567, Shivaji Colony, Pratap Nagar. Write a letter to the postmaster of your town, requesting him for a change in address.

The Postmaster
General Post Office
Pratap Nagar
Subject: Information about change in address.
Sir,
I wish to bring to your kind notice that we have changed our residence to Moti Bazar, Pratap Nagar to 567, Shivaji Colony, Pratap Nagar. As I was in a hurry, I could not inform all of my friends and relatives about the change of address. I am expecting some important letters. You are requested to kindly redirect all my letters to my new address given above.
Thanking you,

Yours faithfully
Santosh

3. Write a letter to the Chief Medical Officer of your district complaining about the insanitary conditions in your locality.

Gandhi Chowk Bhiwani
March 25, 20
The C.M.O.
Civil Hospital Bhiwani,
Subject: Complaint about insanitary condition.
Dear Sir,
I wish to bring to your kind notice the insanitary condition of our locality. It is the dirtiest part of the town. There are pools of water here and there. The drains are over-flowing. The locality is filled with heaps of rubbish. Filthy gutters are an ugly sight. This locality’ has become a breeding place for flies and mosquitoes. During rains the condition of this locality becomes worse. Dirty water over flows the drains and floods the streets. The sweepers do not remove garbage daily. The drainage system is most defective. The sanitary inspector does not visit the locality regularly.
If this state of affairs is allowed to continue cholera, malaria or typhoid is likely to break out. Therefore, I request you to visit our locality and take immediate steps to improve the living conditions. The residents of this locality will be thankful to you. It is a question of public health and safety.
Thanking you,

Yours faithfully
Mahavir

4. Write a letter to the Chairman, Municipal Corporation requesting him to provide relief to the residents from monkey menace.

Suman Saini 2710,
Timber Market
Ambala Cantt.
17 August, 20…….

The Chairman
Municipal Corporation
Ambala
Subject: Regarding monkey menace.
Sir,
With reference to the above cited subject I wish to draw your attention to a problem faced by the residents of timber market. This problem is due to the monkeys. A group of about fifty monkeys has come to stay permanently in this area. All the day they are moving in the streets and on the roofs of the houses. If they see someone carrying some fruit or vegetable, they attack that person to snatch the eatable. There have been many cases of monkey’s bite. They tear the clothes put on the roofs of the houses after washing. All are much scared of them. You are, therefore, requested to do the needful to provide relief to the residents of timber market from monkey menace.
Thanks,

Yours faithfully
Suman Saini

5. Write a letter to the District Food and Supply Officer requesting him to grant you licence of kerosene oil.

15, Gandhi Nagar
Karnal
May 31, 20…….

The District Food and Supply Officer
Karnal
Subject: For licence of kerosene oil.
Sir,
With due respect I beg to state that I have opened a shop of General Merchandise in Gandhi Nagar. There is no kerosene oil shop in the neighbourhood. The residents face a great inconvenience because they have to bring kerosene from a big distance. Ladies in particular have to face a lot of trouble when they are required to stand in a queue.

I, therefore, request you to grant me the licence for the sale of the same. I am prepared to deposit the required fee for licence. I undertake to abide by the rules and regulations laid down by the government. If you want, I can give you security also.
Thanking you,

Yours faithfully
Ashok Kumar

6. Write a letter to the Postmaster complaining against the irregular delivery and the rude behaviour of the postman of your locality.

275, Gandhi Nagar
Yamuna Nagar
March 20,20…….

The Postmaster
Head Post Office
Yamuna Nagar
Subject: Complaint against the postman.
Sir,
I wish to bring to your kind notice my complaint against Mr. Harish Kumar, the postman of our locality. He does not perform his duty well. He is irregular in his duty. He is rude in his behaviour. He is careless in his work. I do not get my letters regularly. We have put up a letter box on the outer door of our house. But he never puts the letters into the letter box. He throws them through the windows. Sometimes he hands over the letters to the children playing in the street. They tear them up and throw away.

Often our letters have been lost due to the carelessness of the postman. We have often brought the matter to his notice. But he is very rude. He does not behave properly.

Therefore, I request you to look into the matter personally. Please take suitable action against the postman.
Thanking you,

Yours faithfully
Amit Kumar

7. Write a letter to a firm requesting it cancel an order for science apparatus. Give also the reasons for cancelling the order.

77-B, Ashok Vihar,
Karnal
May 29, 20…….
Rama Scientific Works
Kunj Vihar
New Delhi
Subject: For cancelling the order.
Sir,
I ordered you some apparatus for my science lab on 15th of this month. But I found your rates very high when I compared the rates of some apparatus from another shop. Moreover, the quality of your goods were not so good. Then why should I buy goods from your shop while I can get them from other shop in better condition and lower prize.

Hence, I request you to cancel my order. I will not be responsible if you send me the goods after this letter.
Thanking you,

Yours faithfully
XYZ

E. Letters to Editors

1. Write a letter to the Editor of a newspaper drawing his attention to the pathetic conditions of roads.

3101, Sector-12
Chandigarh
March 23, 20……….

The Editor
The Tribune
Chandigarh
Sir,
Through the columns of your esteemed newspaper I would like to raise the issue of the pathetic conditions of roads. Sir, the condition of roads in our area has become worst. They have not been repaired for the past two years. Due to the rainy season they are badly damaged. The travellers are facing too many problems. The school going students face many accidents and most of them are injured badly.

It will be good if you publish this article in your newspaper so that the concerned authorities may take some steps to solve our problem.
I shall be highly thankful to you.
Yours faithfully.
XYZ .

2. Write a letter to the editor of a newspaper, highlighting the hardship caused to the common people by rising prices.

5, Lawrence Road
New Delhi
March 17, 20………

The Editor
The Hindustan Times
New Delhi
Sir,
Kindly allow me to highlight a very common problem through the columns of your esteemed newspaper. The problem of rising prices has become very common. It has caused a lot of hardship to the common people. The government has failed to hold the price rise. The prices of essential commodities are rising day by day. It has become very difficult to make both ends meet.

The salaried people are the worst sufferers. They cannot manage their household budget within their salaries. It is high time the government should take steps to control the rising prices.
Thanking you,

Yours faithfully
Ram Lai Bhardwaj

3. Write a letter to the editor of a newspaper, regarding the disturbance caused by the loud sound of the loudspeakers as it is harmful during the examination days.

Peetampura
New Delhi
May 2,20……….

The Editor
The Hindustan Times
New Delhi
Sir,
Through the columns of your esteemed newspaper, l wish to draw the attention of the authorities to the growing nuisance caused by the loudspeakers in Peetampura. All religious places of worship put loudspeakers on the roofs. They keep blaring all the day and till late in the night. The next morning, these loudspeakers start shrieking very early. Our annual examinations are drawing near. Students feel disturbed by the loud sound of these loudspeakers. 1 hope the authorities will look into the matter.
Thanking you,

Yours truly
Puneet Issar

4. You are Somwati. Write a letter to the editor of a newspaper about the incidents of violence taking place with the aged alone at home, drawing the attention of the authorities towards the problem.

H.No. 106, Sector-6
Kamal
7th June, 20

The Editor
The Tribune
Chandigarh
Subject: Regarding incidents of violence with aged people.
Dear Sir,
Through the columns of your esteemed I would like to raise the issue of increasing incidents of violence taking place with the aged living alone at home. Just yesterday such an old couple murdered in our colony. Last week, an old lady living alone was looted at home. This problem is getting worse day-by-day. People of our colony raised voice against this issue but not paid any attention to it. There is no improvement in the situation. I request you to raise this issue in your newspaper so that some solution to the problem can be found out.
Thanks,

Yours faithfully
Somwati

5. Write a letter to the editor of a newspaper, complaining against erratic electric supply in your city.

Near Power House
Patiala Chowk
Jind
October 15, 20……….

The Editor
The Hindustan Times
New Delhi
Sir,
l wish to draw the attention of the authorities to the erratic power supply in our city. There are frequent breakdowns in the power supply. Sometimes, there is no power supply for the whole day. As a result, the residents of the city have to face a lot of difficulty in summer months.

Even when there is power supply, there is a lot of fluctuation in the electricity. Because of this many electrical appliances get damaged. The authorities should look into the matter and improve the power supply of this city.
Thanking you,

Yours faithfully
Ashok Ahuja

6. Write a letter to the editor of a newspaper highlighting the need of Road Safety Rules.

1017-Sector 10-A
Chandigarh
April 7, 20………

The Editor
The Tribune
Chandigarh
Sir,
Through the columns of your esteemed newspaper I would like to raise the issue of the need of Road Safety Rules. Today our roads have become much risky. The major reason behind this is that people do not follow the Road Safety Rules from heart. Most of the people follow these rules only with a sense of fear of police. Whenever one finds the police absent from the scene, he or she breaks the traffic rules. Wearing helmet for the two wheeler riders, using seat belts for the four wheeler riders should become a spontanious jesture. Life is precious. It must be protected by following Road Safety Rules. The people should follow these rules by heart not with fear.
Thanking you,

Yours faithfully
Ranjan Sodhi

7. Write a letter to the editor of a newspaper highlighting the need of the introduction of Road Safety Rules in the syllabus of secondary classes in Haryana. Sign yourself as Sudhir Kumar of Government Senior Secondary School, Rampur (Bhiwani).

Sudhir Kumar
Government Senior Secondary School
Rampur (Bhiwani)
March 7, 20………….

The Editor
The Hindustan Times
Chandigarh
Sir,
Through the columns of your esteemed newspaper I would like to attract the attention of the Education Department of Haryana towards the issue of Road Safety Rules. Sir, today it comes in the reports that in most of the road accidents school students are involved. They are at a great risk of road accidents as they are not well aware of the Road Safety Rules. They lack the knowledge how to cross the road, where to walk on the road, where to drive their bicycle etc. It is urged that Road Safety Rules must be introduced in the syllabus of all secondary classes in Haryana. The knowledge of Road Safety Rules will make our students safe on the roads.
Thanking you,

Yours faithfully
Sudhir Kumar

F. Personal Letters

1. Write a letter to your uncle, thanking him for the gift he has sent on your birthday.

123, Nirmala Colony
Ambala
February 20, 20………

My Dear Uncle,
Yesterday I received the beautiful wrist watch which you had sent me as my birthday gift. I have no words to thank you for such a beautiful gift. This golden wrist watch looks very beautiful. All of my friends have liked it very much. Moreover, 1 needed a watch badly. I was often late for school. I had to pay some fine every month for being late to the school. Now this watch will make me punctual.

Please pay my respect to aunt and love to Reena.
With regards,

Yours affectionately
Vandana

Address:
Suresh Kumar
871, New Prem Nagar
Kaithal

2. Write a letter to your friend congratulating him on his success in the examination.

275/5, Gandhi Nagar
Amritsar
March 8,20……….

Dear Sudhir,
Imagine my joy when I read the result of the I.A.S. in the Hindustan Times and found that you had obtained the 2nd rank. Please accept my heartiest congratulations on your grand success.

This success of yours is well-deserved. I remember the time and energy that you put into your efforts to succeed in this examination. While your other friends whiled away their time in gossip or were sound asleep at night, you were pouring over the bulky books. I remember the golden line which you often quote: “Success in every field is ninety nine percent perspiration and one percent inspiration.” Your success in your efforts has amply proved the truth of this statement.

When are you coming to Amritsar ? I plan a big function to celebrate your success to which all our old friends will be invited.
Congratulations once again.

Yours truly
Ravi Verma

Address :
Sudhir Kumar
871, Nicolson Road
Jalandhar

3. You visited Jaipur recently. Write a letter to your friend describing the visit briefly.

214, Mehta Chowk
Fatehabad
February 25, 20……….

Dear Pawan,
I hope you are fine. Last week I visited Jaipur along with my family. Jaipur is a beautiful city. It is an old and princely city. Jaipur has a number of historic monuments to see.

In the city, there is Sawai Man Singh Museum. This is a fine museum. It displays a number of old and interesting items. NeSf the museum, there is the Jantar Mantar. This has scientific importance. It shows that our ancient astronomers were much advanced.

The finest place in Jaipur is the Hawa Mahal. It is a wonderful building. Near it, there is the palace of the king of Jaipur. About 10 kilometers away from Jaipur is the beautiful Amber Palace. It is a magnificent palace as well as a fort. Jaipur has a very good market. We did a lot of shopping there. In short, I cannot foiget my visit to Jaipur.
With regards,

Your loving friend
Rajiv

Address:
Pawan Kumar
21, Court Road
Karnal

4. Write a letter to your mother telling her about your life in the hostel.

Chander Bhushan
Saint Kabir Institute
New Delhi
16 May, 20….

Dear Mother,
I am fine here and hope that you shall also be fine with the grace of God. The news is that my life in the hostel is very good. My roommate Sunil, a boy from Ambala, is of very good nature. We got up at 5a.m. daily. First of all we go out for a morning walk. We come back by 6 a.m. Then we take our bath etc. Our breakfast is ready at 7a.m. The food quality is very good in the mess. We go to school at 8a.m. Our lunch break is at 1p.m. I am enjoying a disciplined life in my hostel. Please don’t worry about me. I shall visit you soon.
With regards,

Your loving son
Chander Bhushan

5. Write a letter to your younger brother advising him to take part in games .

Rajiv Datta
340, Savitri Nagar
Panchkula
April 19, 20……….

Dear Naveen,
I saw your report-card yesterday. I was very glad to find that you have again topped your class. I congratulate you on your success. However, I have come to know that you have become a book-worm. You study from morning till late in the night. You do not devote any time to games.

Dear Naveen, studies are very important in our life. But we cannot ignore the value of games also. Games give energy to our bodies and refresh our minds. After long hours of study, the mind is tired. By playing, the mind gets the badly needed rest. You have heard that all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. Those who do not take part in games and study all the time, spoil their health. You must devote some time to games either in the early morning or in the evening. This will refresh your mind and you will be able to study in a better way.
I hope you will act upon my advice.

Your loving brother
Rajiv Datta

Address:
Naveen
5034, Saraswati Nagar
Kaithal

6. Write a letter to your friend congratulating him on winning a lottery prize.

33, Kabir Nagar
Ambala Cantt
March 17, 20……….

Dear Vishal,
I hope you are fine. I am very happy to know that you have won ? 1,00,000 cash prize in the lottery. Please receive my heartiest congratulation on your achievement. You have been waiting for this announcement from a quite long time. This success of yours is well-deserved.

I hope you better know that advantages and disadvantages of holding such big cash. You should be careful while spending or investing this money. You should also make a good plan for your parents also.

When are you coming to Shimla ? We will enjoy your success with a great party.
Congratulations once again.

Yours truly,
Navneet Singh

7. Write a letter to your friend, inviting him to spend holidays with you in Shimla.

1014, The Mall
Shimla
03 June, 20……….

Shivang
1088, Sector 34
Ambala City

Dear Shivang,
I am fine here. I hope that you shall also be fine at Ambala. I know that your summer vacation has started from 01 June. It will be very hot in Ambala but the weather is very pleasant here in Shimla. So I invite you to stay with me for a period of ten days in Shimla. My cousin from Kamal is also arriving tomorrow. We three shall enjoy the summer vacation together. I hope you will arrive definitely. Please do inform me when you are arriving Shimla.
With Love,

Your loving friend
Krishna

Haryana State Board HBSE 10th Class English Solutions Advertisement Writing Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 10th Class English Advertisement Writing

Report Writing

Writing is a skill for communication for conveying ideas and feelings from one person to another. This can be done by writing reports, notices, messages, paragraphs and letters. A report is a short writing skill describing some event or incident.

Points to be kept in mind.
(1) A report is a first hand information about an incident, occurrence or event.
(2) It must be brief, to the point and systematic.
(3) It must be written in past tense.
(4) It must be given a suitable heading or title, the name of person writing it, date and the place from where it was written.
(5) The report should be simple. Exaggerations and superfluous matter should be avoided.

1. A seminar on ‘Bed Bachao-Beti Padhao’ was held in your school. Write a report in about 40 words giving details of the seminar.
Answer:

GOVT. SR. SEC. SCHOOL, HAPPY BAGH, NEW DELHI
‘BETI BACHAO – BETI PADHAO’
Report by
Dhruv

New Delhi
September 7, 20…
A seminar on ‘Beti Bachao-Beti Padhao’ was held in our school. The Education Minister of Delhi was the chief guest. Principals and teachers of different schools and the parents took part in the seminar. The speakers stressed the need of the hour to save the girl child and to teach the girl child. Everybody present pledged for the same.

2. You are Deepak. A ‘Clean Vidyalaya – Clean India’ campaign was organised in your school. Write a report in about 40 words highlighting the features of the campaign. ‘
Answer:

XYZ, SR. SEC. SCHOOL, ABC
‘CLEAN VIDYALAYA-CLEAN INDIA’ CAMPAIGN
Report by
Deepak

October 03, 20
On the occasion of Gandhi Jayanti a ‘Clean Vidyalaya-Clean India’ campaign was organised in our school. All the teachers and the students took part in this campaign with full zest. The school building, campus and surroundings were cleaned. After a campaign of just four hours, the school was looking beautiful and everything in the school seemed attractive. The school Principal gave certificates and momentous to the volunteers.

3. You are a press reporter. You went to a hospital and found the nurses on strike. Mentioning the title, the date and the cause of their strike, write a brief report in about 40 words for your newspaper.
Answer:

NURSES ON STRIKE
Report by
Anju Bhatnagar (Press Reporter)

New Delhi
May 15, 20…
The nurses of Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi went on indefinite strike today demanding hike in their salaries. The condition of the patients got worse. There was a very tragic scene of the patients because none was there to care for them. The strike may prolong for a couple of days more.

4. You are Rajesh, a member of the N.S.S, unit of your school. Your school N.S.S. unit has organised a blood donation camp. Write a report to be printed in your school magazine.
Answer:

SANJAY GANDHI MEMORIAL PUBLIC SCHOOL, HISAR
BLOOD DONATION CAMP
Report by
Rajesh

Hisar
March 7, 20…
The NSS Unit of Sanjay Gandhi Memorial Public School, Hisar organised a blood donation camp in the school Auditorium on 5 th of March, The Chief Medical Officer inaugurated the camp. A team of doctors from the civil hospital was present in the school. Ninety students donated the blood on this occasion. The Principal honoured the blood donors with a memento and a certificate.

5. During the Kargil conflict the Arts Club of your colony had organised various cultural activities to collect funds for the victims’ families. As the secretary of the club, write a report to be published in some popular newspaper.
Answer:

A CHARITY SHOW BY ARTS CLUB
Report by
Anurag (Secretary Arts Club)

Ambala
January 5, 20…
The Arts Club of Bank Colony Ambala Cantt. organised a charity show to collect funds for the victims’ families of the Kargil conflict. The Deputy Commissioner of Ambala inaugurated the show. Fancy dress competition, mono-acting and solo-dance were the main attractions of the show.

6. You are Raman, studying in class X. You attended an N.C.C. camp recently. Mentioning the date, the number of participants and other important details, write a report in about 40 words for your school magazine.
Answer:

N.C.C. CAMP ATTENDED
Report by
Raman

Ambala Cantt
June 15,20…
The N.C.C. troop of our school attended an N.C.C. camp at Shimla from 5th June to 14th June. 40 cadets of our school troop took part in this camp with our N.C.C. officer Mr R.C. Bansal. Our troop cadet Ranjit Singh was selected as the best cadet.

7. Write a brief report in about 40 words on Annual prize distribution function of your school to be published in your school magazine.
Answer:

GOVT SR. SEC. SCHOOL, NILOKHERI
ANNUAL PRIZE DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION
Report by
DHRUV

Nilokheri
February 10,20….
The Annual Prize Distribution function of our school was held on 06 February 20 The Deputy Commissioner of Kamal was the Chief Guest and the District Education Officer of Kamal was the Guest of Honour. The meritorius students and the winners of different events during the session were awarded. The Principal read the annual report. The Deputy Commissioner praised the glorious performance of our school.

8. You are Lovely/Laxman, studying in class X. Your school participated in an Inter-School Music Competition held at Bhartiya Public School, Ashok Nagar, Delhi. Mentioning the date, the number of participating schools, the position held by your school, etc., write a report in about 40 words. You have to read it out in the Prayer Assembly of your school. [B.S.E.H. March, 2020 (Set-A)]
Answer:

INTER-SCHOOL MUSIC COMPETITION
Report by
Lovely

Delhi
December 10, 20…
An Inter School Music Competition was held at Bhartiya Public School, Ashok Nagar, Delhi. 50 Sr. Sec. Public Schools took part in this competition. Our school music team of Arun and party participated in this competition and won the champion trophy and a cash prize of rupees one thousand.

9. You were an eye witness of the recent train accident between the Sealdah Express and the Golden Temple Express. Write a report in 40 words mentioning the loss of lives, the scene of rescue work by the neighbouring villagers.
Answer:

TRAINS COLLIDED HEAD ON
Report by
Suman Bajwa

Lucknow
January 5, 20…
A terrible train accident took place between Sealdah Express and the Golden Temple Express at 8.30 a.m. about 40 kilometres away from Lucknow. Both the trains collided head on. About 100 people died on the spot. Many more were seriously injured. The natives of the nearby villages helped the victims.

10. You are a press reporter. You visited the site of a car-accident in New Delhi. Mentioning the title, the date, the area of explosion, the damage caused, etc., write brief report in about 40 words for our newspaper.
Answer:

MARUTI 800-CRUSHED
Report by
Munjal (Press Reporter)

New Delhi
January 5, 20…
Yesterday a Maruti 800 car bumped into a loaded truck on the Ring Road. Three of the five passengers in the car died on the spot. The driver and two other passengers were seriously injured and rushed to the Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital. The deceased belonged to Rampur village of outer Delhi.

11. An old couple was murdered in Vasant Enclave in broad daylight. You visited the site as a reporter. Giving the title, the date and time of the incident, and the panic it caused among the residents, write a report in about 40 words for a newspaper.
Answer:

AN OLD COUPLE MURDERED
Report by
Anju Keri

New Delhi
August 6, 20…
Yesterday an old couple Raja Singh of 72 and his wife Malti Devi of 69 was murdered by robbers at 2 p.m. in broad daylight. The robbers looted all the money and other household things. The whole town was gripped by horror. The police has identified the gang of robbers.

12. The Principal of Happy Spring School, Pune invited a well-known social worker to address the student on Moral Education in Prayer Assembly in the school. You attended his lecture. Write a report in about 40 words for your school magazine. You are Pulkit the Student Representative of the school magazine.
Answer:

HAPPY SPRING SCHOOL, PUNE LECTURE ON MORAL EDUCATION DELIVERED
Report by
Pulkit (Student Representative)

Pune
March 10, 20…
The Principal of Happy Spring School invited a well-known social worker Mr Shamdev Ji to deliver a lecture on moral education in the prayer assembly.

Swami Ji inspired the students with his force discurtion to cultivate moral values in their personality. The students were highly motivated by the words of Swami Ji. Everybody was grateful to the Principal Sahib to organise this lecture and requested to organise many more in future.

13. Your school organised a trekking tour to Manali in the winter break. Mentioning the title, the number of participating students, their experiences, write a report in about 40 words for your school magazine. You are Arun Byotra.
Answer:

TRIP TO MANALI
Report by
Arun Byotra

Bhiwani
March 5, 20…
Twenty five students of X class S.D. Sr. Sec. School, Bhiwani went on a trekking tour to Manali in winter break. The trip was organised by the Director of Mountaineering for the purpose of developing a spirit of adventure and thrill among the students. The students enjoyed this trekking tour a lot and learnt very much about mountains.

14. You are a press reporter. You have come to know of the kidnapping of a businessman’s son. Mentioning the title and the details of the incident, write a report in about 40 words for your newspaper.
Answer:

BUSINESSMAN’S SON KIDNAPPED
Report by
Rohit Mathur (Press Reporter)

Shimla
March 5,20…
A ten year child of Mr R.K. Handa, a renowned businessman, was kidnapped yesterday from outside a local school in broad daylight. The kidnappers have demanded a ransom of rupees one crore from the child’s father. The incident has created a panic in the city.

15. You are Ajay/Asha of Deshbandhu Memorial School, Bhopal. Your school has recently organised a Science Fair. Mentioning the number of participants/exhibits, date, venue and the response of students, write a report in about 40 words for your school magazine.
Answer:

DESHBANDHU MEMORIAL SCHOOL, BHOPAL
SCIENCE FAIR HELD
Report by
Asha

Bhopal
January 7, 20…
A Science Fair was held in our school from 4 January to 6 January. Forty teams of the various schools and colleges participated in this Science Fair with their projects and models. There was a great excitement among the students about this fair. It gave them a big information and fascination about Science subject.

16. You are Rohit/Rashmi of Maharaja School, Jaipur. Your school had organized an inter-school painting contest. Mentioning the number of participating students, date and venue, write a report in about 40 words for your school magazine.
Answer:

INTER-SCHOOL PAINTING CONTEST
Report by
Rashmi

Jaipur
December 7,20…
Yesterday an inter-school painting contest was organised in Maharaja School, Jaipur. Hundred students of different schools took part in the contest. The topic of painting contest was Environment Pollution and Awareness. The District Forest Officer was the chief-guest and gave away the prizes to the winners.

17. Your school has recently organised an exhibition of children’s books. Mentioning the date, venue, number of participating publishers and the response of students, write a report in about 40 words for your school magazine. You are Shreya/Sumit of Morning Glory Public School, Patiala.
Answer:

EXHIBITION OF CHILDREN’S BOOKS ORGANISED
Report by
Shreya

Patiala
January 5, 20
An exhibition of children’s books was organised in Morning Glory Public School from 1st January to 4th January. Forty publishers of children’s books participated in this exhibition with a variety of their children’s books. There was a great excitement among the students about the books and they bought books of their choices.

18. You are Parul/Shivam. As the Secretary of the Cultural Club of your school, you have organized a cultural evening in your school as thanks-givipg. Write a report about the programme in about 40 words.
Answer:

GOVT. HIGH SCHOOL, HARI NAGAR (AMBALA)
CULTURAL EVENING CELEBRATED
Report by
Shivam (Secretary, Cultural Club)

Ambala City
May 10, 20…
A cultural evening was celebrated in our school on 9th of May 20… as a gesture of thanks-giving to the donors of the flood relief compaign. The Deputy Commissioner of our district was the chief- guest. Many colourful and beautiful presentations were made by the participants. The chief-guest praised this programme very much and honoured the participants.

19. Your school has participated in the “Save Water Campaign” by organising debates, quizes and painting competitions. Write a report in about 40 words for your school magazine giving the details of the competition like number of schools which participated, the guests etc. You are the Secretary of your Students Council.
Answer:

DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL, PEETAM PURA (NEW DELHI)
“SAVE WATER CAMPAIGN”
Report by
Secretary (Students Council)

New Delhi
April 17,20……..
Our school organised “Save Water Campaign” on the 10th and 11th of April. Debate and quiz competitions were held on the 10th and painting competitions were held on the 11th. About 20 schools took part in these competitions. Mrs. Sheila Dixit, the Chief Minister of Delhi, was the Chief Guest. Our school got the over-all trophy and a cash prize of one lac rupees.

Practice Questions For Report Writing:
1. Recently your school organised an Inter-House Display Board Competition on various topics. Mentioning the topics, the name of the house winning the first prize, and other details of the competition, write a report in about 40 words for your school magazine. You are Pradeep/Purvi of Class X.

2. You are a press reporter. You have come to know that the police of your town has arrested two pick pockets. Draft a report in about 40 words.

3. Your school NSS unit has organised a blood donation camp. As a member of the NSS group, write a report in 40 words to be printed in your school magazine.

4. During the Kargil conflict the Arts Club of your colony had organised various cultural activities to collect funds for the victims’ families. As the secretary of the club, write a report to be published in some popular newspaper.

5. You are a press reporter. You went to a hospital and found the nurses on strike. Mentioning the title, the date and the cause of their strike, write a brief report in about 40 words for your newspaper.

Haryana State Board HBSE 10th Class English Solutions Advertisement Writing Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 10th Class English Advertisement Writing

What is an Advertisement ?
Answer:
An advertisement is a powerful medium which is used to reach out to others and to influence their minds and tastes. It is a kind of notice with a much wider appeal and effect. It is an announcement made through mass media which reaches a great number of people. Advertisers can use newspapers, magazines, posters, radio, television and cinemas to convey their messages or to sell their goods and services.

Some Useful Hints :
A good advertisement is very helpful in attracting masses. Drafting an advertisement is also an art. The students should keep the following hints in mind while drafting an advertisement.

1. The main aim of a business advertisement is to promote sales. So an advertisement should be attractive. It should catch the readers’ attention at first glance and then tempt them to go through it. So the language must be attractive.
2. In order to attract readers, always use catchy, simple and effective language.
3. The advertisement must be brief and to the point. Don’t say anything which is unnecessary or irrelevant to the main point.
4. Never mislead your readers. You must be honest and don’t make claims which are exaggerated.
5. The style of.the advertisement must be according to the subject matter. In other words, there should be a proper mixture of style and subject matter.
6. Long sentences and difficult or heavy words should be avoided. An advertisement is for spreading your message, not showing off your knowledge of language.
7. While designing an advertisement,, use different sizes of letters to create an attractive effect. The . important points should be mentioned in bold or bigger letters.
8. Although the advertisement should be brief, yet it must not be incomplete. It should be self- contained. It must convey the name of the advertiser and other relevant information.

Some Solved Advertisements:

1. You are in a Counselling Services to guide students what career to adopt. Draft an advertisement selling your services.
Answer:

COUNSELLING SERVICES
ARE YOU APPEARING IN MATRIC?
OR 10+2?
OR GRADUATION FINAL YEAR?

Just visit us to get the best guidance about your career. We have complete information about every field. An aptitude test is held before counselling. Visit and get sure of your career.

Contact
DR.R.K.DASS
(M.A. Psychology), Ph.D
Meera Tower, Room No. 112, 2nd Floor
G. T. Road, Panipat

2. You are Principal of a Public School. You require trained teachers for your school. Draft a suitable advertisement for the same.
Answer:

3. You need two salesmen in your shop. Write an advertisement for a local daily.
Answer:
Wanted two (10+2 Pass) salesmen for our shop. Age between 20-30 years. Salary Rs. 10000/-per month. Working hours since 9 a.m. to 9 p.m. lunch and tea facility available. Only local candidates may apply (to the undersigned) within 10 days.

Contact
SUNDER RAJ
Raj Provision Store, 15A Court Road, Jind

4. You are the manufacturer of a bike brand named ‘Picasso’ bike. Draft a display advertisement to be published in a newspaper to promote the sale of your bike.
Answer:

5. M/s Ambani Brothers have launched a new refrigerator named ‘Phirlwool’. Draft an advertisement to be published in a newspaper to promote the sale of the refrigerator.
Answer:

6. You are the manufacturer of quality greeting cards. Draft a display advertisement announcing the new range of your seasonal cards.
Answer:

ARCHIES
INVITES
BOOK SHOP-KEEPERS * RETAILERS
*GIFT SHOP-KEEPERS * STATIONERS
for
Widest Range of World Class
Season’s Cards

Check out the exclusive collection of ARCHIES, PAPER ROSE, FINE EXPRESSIONS, PAPER
MAGIC, HELPAGE & CRY CARDS on Diwali. Christmas, Id & New Year.
And also the latest releases of everyday cards.
There’s nothing as effective to bring out the true spirit.
For Wholesale Enquiries visit our W holesale Showroom.

ARCHIES GREETINGS & GIFTS LTD.
C-113, Naraina Industrial Area, Phase – 1. New Delhi – 28

7. Draft a display advertisement on behalf of San aponic LED with the offer of a free gift.
Answer:

8. You are running a Marriage Bureau and arrange matches for both girls and boys. Draft a display advertisement for your Marriage Bureau.
Answer:

9. You are running a finance company and provide loans for purchasing cars. Draft an advertisement highlighting your services.
Answer :

10. Draft a display advertisement for the sale of a washing machine.
Answer :

11. You are Ranjeet Kumar of 10, Ashoka Nagar, Bhopal. You are a diploma holder in Computer Engineering and are looking for job. Write out an advertisement for the ‘Job Wanted’ column of a newspaper.
Answer:

JOB WANTED

Post : Ranjeet Kumar
Qualification : Diploma in Computer Engineering with 75 percent marks.
Date of Birth : April 15, 1985
Marital Status : Unmarried
Address : 10, Ashoka Nagar, Bhopal Mobile No. 0941909xxxx
Special : High aspirations to prove myself.

12. You are leaving for England next month. You want to sale your Flat. Write an advertisement to be published in a local newspaper.
Answer:

FLAT FOR SALE

A well furnished Flat. Total area 250 square yards. Built in 2010. The owner is leaving for England. All documents complete. Flat No. 2015, Sector 12A, Chandigarh.
Sudhir Kumar
Mobile No. 090290xxxxx

13. Your younger brother is weak in Science and Maths. You want to engage a tutor who can teach him at your house. Draft an advertisement for ‘Situation Vacant’ column of a newspaper.
Answer:

SITUATION VACANT

A tutor is required to teach Science and Maths to a IX Class boy at our house before 7 a.m. or after 4 p.m. Interested tutors may please contact Rajesh Kumar, FI.No. 707, Sector-7, Ambala City. Mobile No. 9030xxxxxx

14. You lost your bag containing some important documents. Write an advertisement to be published in a local daily newspaper.
Answer:

LOST! LOST! LOST1

I have lost my bag somewhere between Ambala Cantt and Shahpur village. The bag contained some important documents and medical reports of my father. The founder is requested to return it at the below mentioned address. A cash reward of Rupees one thousand shall be given to the person who will come to return the bag.
Chander Prakash
H. No. 5071, Housing Board Colony
Ambala Cantt.
Phone No. 0171-289xxxx, 0912919xxxx

15. You found a purse in the market. Write an advertisement to be published in a local daily for the owner to claim it from you within ten days.
Answer:

FOUND! FOUND! FOUND!

Yesterday I found a ladies purse in the market near the Hanuman Temple. Anyone who has lost it may contact to the undersigned within ten days as I am leaving for Mumbai for three months on 15th of this month.
Pradeep Singh
10-A Model Town, Kamal
Phone No. 0184-266xxxx, 0676092xxxx

16. Design a poster making people aware regarding ‘Road Safety Rules’
Answer:

17. Design a poster making people aware about Traffic Lights.
Answer:

Practice Questions For Advertisements:
1. You need a civil engineer for your construction firm. You wish that the applicant must have ten years experience. Write out an advertisement for a newspaper accordingly.

2. You run a computer centre and offer your services for job-work like computer type-setting, software preparation, accounting work etc. Write out an advertisement offering these services to the needy persons.

3. You are the proprietor of a hotel. You need a lady receptionist. Draft an advertisement to this effect. Mention that the lady should be fluent in English.

4. You are retired from the Indian army. Now you want to get the job of a security guard for a business concern or a body guard for some eminent person. Write an advertisement accordingly offering your services.

5. You need salesman for door-to-door selling of the washing powder manufactured by you. Write out an advertisement for the ‘Situation Vacant’ column of a newspaper.

6. You are the manufacturer of bicycles. Write out an advertisement for a newspaper, offering a free gift for the purchase of every bicycle.

7. You have a big house in a posh colony of New Delhi. Write out an advertisement for letting out some portion of your big house. Also mention the rent expected by you.

8. You have recently been transferred to Mumbai. You want accommodation in Mumbai. Write out an advertisement for the ‘Accommodation Wanted’ column in a newspaper.

9. You are Pinki Chanday, living at 112 Saif Ali Road, Govinda Nagar. You have five years experience as export assistant in various export houses. You want to join a prestigious export house. Write out an advertisement for ‘Situation Wanted’ column of a newspaper.

10. You need accomodation. Write an advertisement to be published in a local daily.

11. You run an authorised Pollution Check Centre and issue ‘ Pollution Under Control ’ certificates to vehicle owners. Draft an advertisement, telling the public the harmful effect of gases if the vehicles are not regularly checked.

12. You want to set up a factory for making shoes. You need at least five lakh rupees as a loan for this purpose. Write an advertisement inviting loan from a financing company.

13. You have a big plot of land on which you wish to set up a factory for manufacturing crockery. You want a business partner who can invest money in this project. Write out an advertisement for the ‘Business’ section of a newspaper inviting a partner.

14. Draft an advertisement for ‘Fresh Feel Mouthwash’.

15. You have organized a handloom exhibition in your colony. Draft an advertisement for the same.

Haryana State Board HBSE 10th Class English Solutions Interview Writing Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 10th Class English Interview Writing

1. Your name is Sameer and you have applied for the post of a Teacher. Prepare an imaginary interview (questions and answers) for this purpose.

The Candidate’s name is called and he enters the Chairman’s office.
Candidate : Good Morning, Sir.
Chairman : Good Morning, Mr Sameer. Please sit down.
Candidate : Thank you, Sir.
Chairman : Mr Sameer tell me about yourself.
Candidate : I am 21 years old. I have passed my B.A. from Kurukshetra University and B.Ed from M.D.University, Rohtak.
Chairman : Good. Mr Sameer, you have a very good record upto your B.A. But in your B.Ed examination you have not done well. What is the reason?
Candidate : Sir, I fell seriously ill during my B.Ed. examination. So I did not get good marks.
Chairman : Why do you want to become a teacher?
Candidate : Sir, teaching is a noble profession. This is my aim in life to be a teacher. So I have applied for this job.
Chairman : Good. What should be qualities of a good teacher, apart from a good academic record.
Candidate : Sir, I feel that a teacher should have a good moral character. He should have love for learning and teaching. He should set a good example before his students.
Chairman : Mr Sameer, are you in favour of corporal punishment to students?
Candidate : No Sir, I am not in favour of body punishment to students. I believe that a teacher should reform naughty students with love and affection.
Chairman : Very well, Mr Sameer. We shall inform you about the result of your interview to you by post.
Candidate : Thank you, Sir. (he comes out)

2. Mr Rupesh Kumar has applied for a loan to the Punjab National Bank. The Manager has called him for an interview with him about this loan. Prepare this imaginary interview between Mr Sangwan and The Bank Manager.

Rupesh Kumar, entering the Manager’s office : Good Morning, Sir.
Manager : Good morning. How can I help you?
Rupesh Kumar : Sir, I am Rupesh Kumar. You have called me for an interview about my loan application.
Manager : Oh, I see. Please sit down.
Rupesh Kumar : Thank you, Sir.
The Manager takes out a file from his drawer, looks at the application of Rupesh Kumar.
Manager : So, you want to take loan for the purchase of a tractor.
Rupesh Kumar : Yes Sir.
Manager : For this purpose, you will have to mortgage some property and also give us two guarantors.
Rupesh Kumar : Yes Sir. I have 50 acres of land. Out of this I have mortgaged 20 acres to the bank. Here are the mortgage papers (hands over the papers to the manager).
Manager : Good. And what about the two guarantors?
Rupesh Kumar : Sir, I have arranged that also.
Manager : Good. Please come to my office next Monday at 10 a.m. Bring the two guarantors also with you. They will to sign the papers in my presence. Also bring two blank cheques with you.
Rupesh Kumar : Thank you, Sir. (comes out)

3. Mr Prakash Singh is a Life Insurance Agent. He has telephoned Mr . Ram Thakur, a central government employee to whbm he wants to sell a life insurance policy. Mr Thakur has invited Mr Singh to his house to interview him about the details of the insurance policy. Write this interview.

Prakash Singh : (Shaking hands). I am Prakash Singh from the LIC. How do you do?
Mr Thakur : Fine, thank you. Have a seat.
Prakash Singh : Thanks. I believe you are interested in taking an insurance policy.
Mr Thakur : Yes.
Prakash Singh : Mr Thakur, before I advise you on the policy, I need to know a few details about you.
Mr Thakur : What do you want to know?
Prakash Singh : Can you tell me about your family ?
Mr Thakur : Of course. Besides my wife and me, we have two children in the family. My daughter is 12 years old. She is in class 7.My son is nine years old. He is in class 4.
Prakash Singh : Is your wife also employed?
Mr Thakur : No, she is a housewife.
Prakash Singh : It means that you are the only earning member of your family. Do you have any other policy?
Mr Thakur : Yes, I already have one policy in which my wife is the nominee. Now I want to have one more policy, so that I will have money at the time of my daughter’s marriage.
Prakash Singh : It is good. I have a good policy. I will leave all the details of the policy with you. Please go through these papers and if you like the policy, you may contact me on the telephone.
Mr Thakur : Very well. Please contact me after one week. By that time, I will study the papers concerning the policy.
Prakash Singh : (shaking hands). It suits me. (comes out)

4. Your name is Sandeep Singh. You have applied for the post of an engineer. You have been called to appear for an interview. Write that imaginary interview.

Sandeep Singh (entering the office): Good morning, Sir.
Chairman : Good morning, please sit down.
Sandeep Singh (taking the seat) : Thank you, Sir.
Sandeep Singh : Tell me about yourself.
Chairman : I am twenty-two years old. I have done my B.Tech from ITM College, Gurugram. In which year did you pass your B.Tech?
Sandeep Singh : In 2007.
Chairman : Have you worked somewhere earlier?
Sandeep Singh : I worked for three years in Satyam Computers Ltd.
Chairman : Why did you leave that job ?
Sandeep Singh : Sir, as everyone knows, Satyam crashed because of frauds and irregularities. I could not continue working in such a company and so I have left it.
Chairman : I have gone through your records. I think you will suit our company. How much salary would you expect from us?
Sandeep Singh : Sir, I was drawing a salary of Rs 45 thousand per month in Satyam. I am prepared to work at the same salary.
Chairman : Good. The whole board will think over the matter and we will inform you telephonically by tomorrow morning.
Sandeep Singh : Thank you, Sir. (comes out)

5. Suppose your name is Naveen Dutta. You have applied for an Agency for Deepak Books. The Managing Director of Deepak Books has called you for an interview so that he can decide about the matter. Write down this imaginary interview.

Naveen Dutta (entering the office). Good morning, Sir.

Managing Director (offering him a chair) : Please have a seat.

Naveen Dutta : Thank you, Sir.

Managing Director : I see that you wish to take an agency of Deepak Books in Kamal. We already have three agencies. Why do you think that another agency will be successful? Sir, By God’s grace, the sale of Deepak Books and other books of this group of publications is very brisk. I think I can increase the sale of your books many times by taking an agency.

Naveen Dutta : Which areas you wish to cover by taking an agency?

Managing Director : I will cover Prem Nagar, Char Chaman, Railway Road, Hansi Chowk and the surrounding areas.

Naveen Dutta : Please tell me something about yourself.

Managing Director : Our family has been in the books business for the last one hundred years. The grandfather of my grandfather had books business in Lahore. After partition we came to India where my grandfather set up books business on the Railway Road. We are very famous and have good credit.

Naveen Dutta : For the agency purpose, you must have a big godown and your own vehicles. We have four godowns of one thousand square feet each. I have two pick up trucks, one mini truck and two cars.

Managing Director : You will have to deposit Rs. Five lakhs as a security. If you want to have an agency for Dev Jyoti Children books, then you will have to deposit an additional security of Rs. Two lakhs.

Naveen Dutta : I am prepared to deposit the security.

Managing Director : Good. The agency is hereby allotted to you. Please come tomorrow at 10 a.m. Bring the bank draft for the security. Please meet my manager, Mr Wadhwa. He will get the formalities completed and he will start supplying the books to you.

Naveen Dutta : Thank you, Sir. (comes out)

Practice Questions For Interviews:

1. Your name is Kanwaljit Singh. You have applied for the post of an accountant to M/S Jyoti Book Depot, Jalandhar. Prepare an imaginary interview for this post.

2. Miss Roopa Ganguli has applied to Miss Ekta Kapoor for a role in a serial made by her company, M/S Balaji Communications Pvt. Ltd. Write down that imaginary interview.

3. You have applied for study loan to the HDFC bank. The manager has called you for an interview to know about your needs. Write down that interview.

4. You are the Chief Minister of Haryana. You have announced a new scheme for the benefit of old persons. The reporter of the Hindustan Times visits your office for an interview to be published in his newspaper. Write down that interview.

5. Sachin Tendulkar has become the World’s first batsman to get 200 runs in a one-day match. As the reporter of The Tribune visit him and interview him. Write down that imaginary interview. Ask him about his background, his love for cricket, his family and his future plans.