Bhagya

Haryana State Board HBSE 9th Class English Solutions Grammar Transformation of Sentences  Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 9th Class English Grammar Transformation of Sentences

वाक्य के एक रूप को दूसरे रूप में परिवर्तित करना Transformation of sentences कहलाता है। Transformation के निम्न रूप हैं-
1. Simple sentences to Interrogative Sentences.
2. Simple sentences to complex sentences.
3. Simple sentences to compound sentences.
4. Complex sentences to compound sentences.
5. Compound sentences to complex sentences.

• Affirmative Sentence (साधारण वाक्य):

An affirmative sentence makes a statement. It often starts with a noun or pronoun. It ends with a full stop. An affirmative sentence can be positive or negative.
(एक साधारण वाक्य किसी कथन का वर्णन करता है। यह प्रायः किसी noun या pronoun के साथ आरम्भ होता है। यह Full stop के साथ समाप्त होता है। एक साधारण वाक्य सकारात्मक और नकारात्मक हो सकता है।)

• Interrogative Sentences (प्रश्नवाचक वाक्य):

An Interrogative sentence asks questions. It ends with a question mark (?) (प्रश्नवाचक वाक्यों में प्रश्न पूछे जाते हैं। इन वाक्यों के अंत में प्रश्नवाचक चिहून लगता है।)

1. प्रश्नवाचक वाक्य दो प्रकार के होते हैं-
प्रश्नवाचक प्रश्नों से शुरू होने वाले वाक्य

Question word + Helping verb + Noun/Pronoun + Verb…?
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Change Of Affirmative Sentences To Interrogative Sentences

1. Present Indefinite Tense
Noun/Pronoun + verb + object → Helping verb + Noun/Pronoun + verb + object ? यदि Affirmative sentence में verb की Ist form लगी है तो Interrogative sentence को Do से आरम्भ करते हैं। जैसे

You make a noise. → Do you make a noise ?
They play football. → Do they play football ?
The girls perform good dance. → Do the girls perform good dance ?
We wiir the match. → Do we win the match ?
Mohan and Sohan read in 8th class. → Do Mohan and Sohan read in 8th class ?
यदि Affirmative sentence में verb की Ist form के साथ s/es लगा है तो Interrogative sentences को Does से शुरू करते हैं; जैसे-

He sings a song. → Does he sing a song ?
Mohan reads in 8th class. → Does Mohan read in 8th class ?
The teacher teaches a poem. → Does the teacher teach a poem ?
She does not tell a lie. → Doesn’t she tell a lie ?
He runs a race. → Does he run a race ?
I saw a snake. → Did I see a snake ?
You played a joke. → Did you play a joke ?
The teacher taught a poem. → Did the teacher teach a poem ?
They made a mistake. → Did they make a mistake ?
You met me at the station. → Did you meet me at the station ?
Tense से संबंधित शेष वाक्यों को निम्न ढंग से Affirmative से Interrogative में बदलते हैं।
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Miscellaneous Exercises

Exercise 1

1. She is making a doll ?
2. They were not coming.
3. I shall do it for you.
4. Radha will paint a picture.
5. He did not tell a lie.
6. I do not make false excuses.
7. She has done her work.
8. You have spoiled my chance.
9. You should go there.
10. He can solve this sum.
Answers:
1. Is she making a doll ?
2. Were they not coming ?
3. Shall I do it for you ?
4. Will Radha paint a picture ?
5. Didn’t he tell a lie ?
6. Don’t I make false excuses ?
7. Has she done her work ?
8. Have you spoiled my chance ?
9. Should you go there ?
10. Can he solve this sum ?

Exercise 2

1. He has told me to leave.
2. He is my best friend.
3. She respects her teachers.
4. I pray to God daily.
5. She hasn’t come yet.
6. They haven’t sent any response.
7. She will be waiting for you. .
8. It has been raining since Monday.
9. He loves me.
10. They honoured the teacher.
Answers:
1. Has he told me to leave ?
2. Is he my best friend ?
3. Does she respect her teachers ?
4. Do I pray to God daily ?
5. Has she not come yet ?
6. Have they not sent any response ?
7. Will she be waiting for you ?
8. Has it been raining since Monday ?
9. Does he love me ?
10. Did they honour the teacher ?

Types of Sentences:

There are three types of sentences:
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What is a finite verb?
The verb which is limited by tense, number or person of the subject is called a finite verb.
(जो क्रिया काल, वचन तथा कर्ता के पुरुष से सीमित हो जाती है, उसे finite verb कहते हैं।)

He goes to school.
I am going to school.
I do not go to school.
He does not go to school.

(उपरोक्त सभी वाक्यों में goes, am, do, does आदि सभी finite verbs हैं। ये वचन, काल तथा कर्ता के पुरुष के बदलने के साथ बदलते हैं।)

One finite verb is necessary for one predication.
वाक्य को भागों में बाँटा जा सकता है। Subject तथा Predicate, Subject के बारे में जो कुछ कहा जाए उसे Predicate कहा जाता है।

Whatever is said about the subject is called predicate.
He/does not want to go to school.
He = Subject
does not want to go to school = Predicate
Finite Verb = does

One finite verb = One Predicate = Simple sentence.
In a simple sentence, there is only one Predicate. So there is only one finite verb in it.
एक Simple sentence में एक ही Predicate होता है। इसलिए उसमें एक ही finite verb होता है।

Two finite verbs = Two Predicates = Complex or Compound sentence.
दो Predicates में दो ही finite verbs होंगे। वाक्य या तो complex होगा या फिर compound.

(i) He worked hard so that he could score high marks.
Finite verbs = (i) worked (ii) could
Predicates = (i) worked hard (ii) could score high marks
Sentence = Complex

(ii) (You) Work hard otherwise you will fail.
Finite verbs = (i) work (ii) will

Predicates = (i) work hard (ii) will fail

Sentence = Compound

A Complex sentence has—
(i) One Principal Clause
(ii) One or more Subordinate clause/clauses.

(i) Principal Clause = main clause = independent clause
This clause does not depend on the other clause for its meaning.

(यह clause अपने अर्थ के लिए किसी दूसरी clause पर निभर नहीं करता ।)
(ii) Subordinate Clause = Dependent Clause.
This clause depends on the Principal Clause for its meaning. clause

He will not succeed if he does not work hard.
(i) He will not succeed → Principal Clause
(ii) If he does not work hard → Subordinate Clause.

Exercise 1

Tell whether the following sentences are simple, complex or compound:

1. Work hard otherwise you will fail.
2. I will tell you the whole truth about the matter.
3. Since you say so, I believe it. ,
4. He approached me to get my favour.
5. Two and two make four.
6. She does not want to oblige you.
7. If you have a ticket, you may go inside.
8. You cannot come in until you feel sorry.
9. Walk fast lest you should miss the train.
10. As soon as I reached my house, it started raining.
Answers:
1. compound sentence
2. simple sentence
3. complex sentence
4. simple sentence
5. simple sentence
6. simple sentence
7. complex sentence
8. complex sentence
9. complex sentence
10. complex sentence.

Kinds of Sub ordinate Clauses

There are three kinds of Subordinate Clauses:
(i) Noun Clauses
(ii) Adjective Clauses
(iii) Adverb Clauses

(i) Noun Clauses
A noun in a sentence functions as a subject or an object. So a noun clause also does the function either of subject or of an object.
(एक वाक्य में संज्ञा एक कर्ता या कर्म के रूप में कार्य करती है। इसलिए एक Noun clause भी एक कर्ता या कर्म का कार्य करती है।)
How can we recognise a noun clause in a complex sentence ?

• Replace the whole subordinate clause with the word‘something’.
• If the sentence remains grammatical it will be a Noun Clause.

Exercise 2

Pick out the ‘noun clauses’ from the sentences given below:
1. I want to ask if you will go to Delhi tomorrow or not.
2. What he said, he did.
3. How he got this prize is a secret.
4. He know where he was going.
5. I know that you are telling a lie.
6. The rumour that he has been selected as an I.A.S. officer is true.
7. The news that India has won the match brought relief to me.
8. He liked the idea that I have decided to go on a tour.
9. He thanked me for what I did for him.
10. He said that he was a cheat.
Answers:
1. if you will go to Delhi tomorrow or not
2. what he said
3. How he got this prize
4. where he was going
5. that you are telling a lie
6. that he has been selected as an I.A.S. officer
7. that India has won the match
8. that I have decided to go on a tour
9. what I did for him 10. that he was a cheat.
10. that he was a cheat.

* Different Uses of Noun Clause:

Noun Clause का प्रयोग निम्नलिखित प्रकार से होता है-
(a) As a subject: (Noun Clauses को वाक्य के कर्ता के रूप में प्रयोग कर सकते हैं; जैसे-)
What you said was interesting.
How he got so much money is a mystery.

(b) As an object: (Noun clauses को वाक्य के कर्म (object) के रूप में प्रयोग कर सकते हैं; जैसे-)
Mohan said that he knew the answer.
We knew where he was hiding.
Have you heard what has happened ?
I know that the scheme is not good.

(c) In apposition to the noun: (इसे संज्ञा के नजदीक लगाकर प्रयोग कर सकते हैं; जैसे-)
The rumour that he is a thief is true.
The news that India has won was pleasing.

(d). In apposition to the object:(Noun Clauses को वाक्य में कर्म (object) के नजदीक लगाकर प्रयोग कर सकते हैं; जैसे-)
He disliked the idea that I should go there.
He welcomed the suggestion that we should see the film.

(e) As a complement: (पूरक के रूप में; जैसे-)
The news was that he had passed.
The fact Was that Griffin was a lawless man.

(f) By using with ‘It’: (Noun Clause को ‘It’ के साथ प्रयोग कर सकते हैं; जैसे-)
I believe it that he does not know the answer.
I doubt it whether he will pass.

(g) As an object of preposition: (इसे preposition का कर्म बना सकते हैं। जैसे-)
He thanked me for what I had done.
He was lost in what I was saying.

(h) As an object of infinitive: (Noun Clause को infinitive का कर्म बना सकते हैं। जैसे-)
She wanted to say that she was beautiful.
I am sorry to say that Mohan has failed.

(i) As an object of Gerund: (Noun Clause को Gerund का कर्म बना सकते हैं। जैसे-)
She enjoys doing what she likes.
He suggested doing what everyone was doing.

नोट-
1. Noun Clauses की रचना that से या what, where, how, when, who, which or why: जैसे question words से की जाती है। इसके अतिरिक्त जब Noun Clauses में Yes or No questions बनाए जाते हैं तो clause में if या whether का प्रयोग करते हैं; जैसे

Combination of Simple Sentences into a complex sentence by using a noun clause:

(दो वाक्य दिए होंगे। जिनमें से एक वाक्य Noun Clause होता है और दूसरा वाक्य Principal Clause होता है। इन्हें एक वाक्य में जोड़ना है।)

1. यदि Noun Clause Question Word से शुरू होती है और Principal Clause के अन्त में thisit लगा होता है तो Principal Clause को पहले लिखते हैं, This या it को हटा देते हैं और Noun Clause को बाद में लिखते हैं लेकिन Noun Clause को लिखते समय इस बात का ध्यान रखते हैं कि Helping Verb (सहायक क्रिया) को Noun/Pronoun के बाद लिखते हैं।

(a) Where is your pen ? Tell me this.
Tell me where your pen is.

(b) When will the next train arrive ? Go and ask the guard.
Go and ask the guard when the next train will arrive.

2. यदि Noun Clause Question Word से शुरू होती है और This/It Principal Clause के शुरू में लगा होता है तो Noun Clause को वाक्य के शुरू में लिखते हैं और This/lt को हटाकर Principal Clause को वाक्य के अंत में लिखते हैं।

(a) When did he leave the town ? It is a wonder.
When he left the town is a wonder.

(b) What does he do for a living ? It is a mystery.
What he does for a living is a mystery.

3. यदि Noun Clause साधारण वाक्य में है और Principal Clause के अंत में this/it लगा है तो Principal Clause को पहले लिखते हैं (this/it को हटाकर) और उसके बाद that लगाकर Noun Clause को लिखते हैं
(a) He would pass. I knew it.
I knew that he would pass.

(b) The patient will recover soon. The doctor is confident of it.
The doctor is confident that the patient will recover soon.

4. निम्नलिखित परिवर्तनों पर ध्यान दीजिए
(a) (Something को हटाकर योजक शब्द What का प्रयोग करते हैं।)
(i) He said something. I am not impressed by it.
I am not impressed by what he said.

(ii) He does something. It is not known to me.
What he does is not known to me.

(b) (Somewhere और the place को हटाकर योजक शब्द Where का प्रयोग करते हैं।)
He worked somewhere. Tell me the place.
Tell me where he worked.

(c) (The reason को हटाकर योजक शब्द Why का प्रयोग करते हैं।)

(i) You have rejected my application. Tell me the reason.
Tell me why you have rejected my application.

(ii) You come late daily. I want to know the reason.
I want to know why you come late daily.

(d) (Someone को हटाकर who का प्रयोग करते हैं।)
Someone has stolen your book. I know him.
I know who has stolen your book.

5. (Noun Clause का प्रयोग Verb (क्रिया) के complement के रूप मैं)
(i) He will improve. This is our hope.
Our hope is that he will improve.

(ii) I have not got the money. This is the fact.
The fact is that I have not got the money.

6. (Noun Clause का प्रयोग Noun/Pronoun के object के रूप में)
(i) Who is responsible for the loss ? My question has not been answered.
My question who is responsible for the loss has not been answered.

(ii) India has won the match. The news is true.
The news that India has won the match is true.

Exercise 1

Combine the following pairs of sentences into complex sentences by using Noun Clause:

1. What the thieves did with all the money. It is a mystery.
2. The prices will not come down. You can be sure.
3. He will pass. I am confident.
4. He was saying something. They were listening to it.
5. He has lost his way. This is my fear.
6. He would go on a pilgrimage. He said that.
7. He will win the election. It is clear.
8. The bridge will collapse. The engineers are afraid.
9. They suggested something. We were all against it.
10. He will win a scholarship. I am sure.
Answers:
1. What the thieves did with all the money is a mystery.
2. You can be sure that the prices will not come down.
3. I am confident that he will pass.
4. They were listening to what he was saying.
5. My fear is that he has lost his way.
6. He said that he would go on a pilgrimage.
7. It is clear that he will win the election.
8. The engineers are afraid that the bridge will collapse.
9. We were all against what he suggested.
10. I am sure that he will win a scholarship.

Exercise 2

Combine the following sentences into complex sentences by using one of the sentences in each set into a Noun Clause:

1. He says something. We can’t rely on that.
2. You demand some money. I am ready to lend it.
3. You are innocent. That is a fact.
4. He would soon pay back the debt. He promised it.
5. He was a party to the plot. It is not a fact.
6. The result will be out tomorrow. I am sure of it.
7. He may be honest. I do not know.
8. The accident took place somewhere. I shall take you to the place.
9. I said something. I am sorry for it.
10. Death keeps no calendar. We all know it.
Answers:
1. I can’t rely on what he says.
2. I am ready to lend you what you demand.
3. The fact is that you are innocent.
4. He promised that he would soon pay back the debt.
5. It is not a fact that he was a party to the plot.
6. I am sure that the result will be out tomorrow.
7. I do not know that he is honest.
8. I shall take you to the place where the accident took place.
9. I am sorry for what I said.
10. We all know that death keeps no calendar.

Exercise 3

Join the following pairs of sentences, into complex sentences using noun clauses:

1. The patiept has died. This is my fear.
2. The police has arrested the murderer. This is the news.
3. He was taking a risk. He realised that.
4. He will get first division. This is certain.
5. The conversation was upsetting him. It was a fact.
6. We should drop the plan. This is my suggestion.
7. There is a lot of corruption in the country. The opposition pointed out this fact.
8. The audience listened to the speech. The speaker gave that speech.
9. The audience followed the speaker. It was a wonder.
10. Mohan has no money. That is a fact.
Answers:
1. My fear is that the patient has died.
2. The news is that the police has arrested the murderer.
3. He realised that he was taking a risk.
4. This is certain that he will get first division.
5. The fact was that the conversation was upsetting him.
6. My suggestion is that we should drop the plan.
7. The opposition pointed out the fact that there was a lot of corruption in the country.
8. The audience listened to what the speaker said.
9. It was a wonder that the audience followed the speaker.
10. The fact is that Mohan has no money.

Exercise 4

Combine the sentences using a noun clause in each case:

1. Why is he coming here? Does Mohan know this?
2. When will I catch the train ? I don’t know this.
3. Why does Mohan beat his brother ? I cannot understand this.
4. The money is missing. This is the fact.
5. When did she leave the town? It is a mystery.
6. How does he earn so much money? Nobody knows this.
7. He would come. I was certain of that.
8. What does the teacher say? Listen to it.
9. He did something. I am not impressed by it.
10. The principal was coming. The whole class knew it.
Answers:
1. Does Mohan know why he is coming here ?
2. I don’t know when I will catch the train.
3.1 can’t understand why Mohan beats his brother.
4. The fact is that the money is missing.
5. When she left the town is a mystery.
6. Nobody knows how he earns so much money.
7. I was certain that he would come.
8. Listen to what the teacher says.
9. I am not impressed by what he did.
10. The whole class knew that the principal was coming.

Exercise 5

Combine the following sentences into a complex sentence in each pair using Noun Clauses:

1. (i) What is your decision? Please let me know.
(ii) When did I see her last? I don’t recollect.
(iii) He works somewhere. I don’t know the place.
(iv) You have rejected my application. Can you tell me the reason?

2. (i) Why has he left the job? We all know.
(ii) Where does he live? I do not know.
(iii) Who are you? I don’t know.
(iv) Why were they late? It is .not clear.

3. (i) When are you coming here? Please inform me.
(ii) Why were they late? It is not clear.
(iii) How does this machine work? I don’t know.
(iv) Where do you live? I don’t remember.
Answers.
1. (i) Please let me know what your decision is.
(ii) I don’t recollect when I saw you last.
(iii) I don’t know where he works
(iv) Can you tell me why you have rejected my application.

2. (i) We all know why he has left the job.
(ii) I don’t know where he lives
(iii) I don’t know who you are.
(iv) Why they were late is not clear.

3. (i) Please inform me when you are coming here
(ii) Why they were late is not clear
(iii) I don’t know how this machine works
(iv) I don’t remember where you live.

(ii) Adjective Clauses

An adjective qualifies a noun or a pronoun. So an adjective clause also qualifies a noun or a pronoun. (विशेषण किसी संज्ञा या सर्वनाम की विशेषता बताता है। इसलिए Adjective Clause भी किसी संज्ञा या सर्वनाम की विशेषता बताती है।)

जैसे- This is the house where I was born.
(यह वह घर है जहाँ पर मेरा जन्म हुआ था।)

Here, the adjective clause ‘where I was born’ qualifies the house’.
(यहाँ पर adjectiveclause where I was born’ ‘the house’ की विशेषता बताती है।)

How to recognise an adjective clause ?
Conjunction (योजक) से पहले कोई संज्ञा या सर्वनाम अवश्य होंगे; (जैसे उपरोक्त वाक्य में योजक ‘where’ से पहले ‘the house’ था।)

Sub ordinate clause (Adjective Clause) ‘something’ शब्द को अपना स्थान नहीं देगी। (यदि ‘something’ उसके स्थान पर रख भी दिया तो वाक्य निरर्थक हो जाएगा; जैसे)
This is the house something.

(वाक्य निरर्थक है। Main clause से मुख्य verb से यदि प्रश्न किया जाए कि ‘कौन’, ‘कौन-सा’, किसे ?, किसका ? तो subordinate clause उसका उत्तर देती है; जैसे This is the house where I was born.)

Principal Clause = This is the house.
(प्रश्न करो-कौन-सा घर ?)
(उत्तर मिलेगा-where I was borm.)
(जहाँ पर मेरा जन्म हुआ था।)

Similarly we may have one more example:
The boy who is wearing a red shirt is a friend of mine.

Principal Clause = The boy is a friend of mine.
(प्रश्न करो कि कौन-सा लड़का है ?)
(उत्तर Subordinate Clause देगी-)
(‘जिसने लाल कमीज पहन रखी है।’)

‘Whois wearing a red shirt’.
Thus we can recognise an adjective clause.
Conjunctions of relative clauses:
(i) Relative Pronouns: who, whose, whom, which, that etc.
(ii) Relative adverbs when, how, where, why, etc.

Exercise 1

Combine the following pairs of sentences by using defining relative (adjectival) clauses:

1. The man composed this song. He is visiting us tomorrow.
2. I saw several houses. They were quite unsuitable.
3. She was dancing with a student. He had a slight limp.
4. The man was sitting at the desk. He was the manager.
5. This is Jhanda Singh. His son won the scholarship this year.
6. I saw a picture. It fascinated me.
7. I have bought a watch. It shows date.
8. I met Mohan. He gave me ten rupees.
9. I purchased a map. It helped me in finding the way.
10. This is Harish. His pocket was picked yesterday.
11.He painted a picture. It fetched him 10,000 rupees.
12. He is the man. I went to see him.
13. The man was sitting in the chair. I had gone to meet him.
14.1 was waiting for a man. He did not come.
15. He introduced me to Sheela. She has become famous for painting.
Answers:
1. The man who composed this song is visiting us tomorrow.
2. I saw several houses which were quite unsuitable.
3. She was dancing with a student who had a slight limp.
4. The man who was sitting at the desk was the manager.
5. This is Jhanda Singh whose son won the scholarship this year.
6. I saw a picture which fascinated me.
7. I have bought a watch which shows date.
8. I met Mohan who gave the ten rupees.
9. I purchased a map which helped me in finding the way.
10. This is Harish whose pocket yesterday.
11. He painted a picture which fetched him 10,ooo rupees.
12. He is the man with whom I went to see him.
13. The man whom I had gone to meet was sitting in the chair.
14. I was waiting for a man who did not come.
15. He introduced me to Sheela who has become famous for painting.

(iii) Adverb Clauses

An adverb clause functions as an adverb in the sentence.
(एक adverb clause में क्रिया विशेषण का कार्य करती है।)

Kinds of Adverb Clauses:
1. Adverb Clauses of Time (कब ?):
Conjunctions: when, whenever, while, after, before, since, as soon as etc. You may come to my office whenever you like.
The bell rang after I reached school.
The patient had died before the doctor came.

2. Adverb Clauses of Place (कहाँ ?):
Conjunctions: where, wherever, whence.
I left the car where it broke down.
You may go wherever you like Go whence you came.

3. Adverb Clause of Reason/cause (क्यों ?):
Conjunctions: because, since, as, etc.
I could not attend you properly because I was so busy.
Since you say so, I believe you.

4. Adverb Clause of Manner (कैसे ?):
Conjunctions: as if, as though, as Do as I tell you.
She behaves as though she is a fairy queen.

5. Adverb Clause of Purpose (उद्देश्य):
Conjunctions: that, so that, in order that, for fear that etc.
We eat so that we may live. He drove fast in order that he might reach on time.

6. Adverb Clause of Result (परिभाषा):
Conjunctions: So + adjective + that etc.
He worked so hard that he scored 80% marks.

7. Adverb Clause of Contrast/concession:
Conjunctions: though, although, even though etc.
Although he has crossed seventy, he is very active.
Though he is poor, he is very contented.

8. Adverb Clause of Comparison:
Conjunctions: as-as; so-as; than.
She is not so rude as her mother.
She is as bold as her father.
He speaks more softly than his friends.

9. Adverb Clause of Condition:
Conjunctions: if, in case, unless, whether, provided that, as long as supposing that, etc.
If you work hard, you will pass.
Unless you work, you cannot succeed in life.

10. Adverb Clause of Proportion:
The higher you go, the cooler it is.

Exercise 1

Combine the following sentences using an Adverb Clause in each case:
1. He injured himself. He was alighting from the bus. (use as or while)
2. The platform became quiet. The train had left. (use when or after)
3. Arrange these books. I have shown you. (use as)
4. I was very upset. I felt like ciying. (use so + adj + that)
5. Your brother is tall. My brother is taller. (use than)
6. You finish the work early. We can play tennis. (use if)
7. It was raining cats and dogs. They were playing football. (use although)
8. Mohan should start very early. It will be better. (use the earlier, the better)
9. My brother could not do homework. There was no power last night. (use because)
10. She dances extremely well. You cannot help clapping. (use so… that)
Answers:
1. He injured himself as/while he was alighting from the bus.
2. The platform became quiet after the train had left
3. Arrange these books as I have shown you.
4. I was so upset that I left like crying.
5. My brother is taller than your brother.
6. If you finish the work early, we can play tennis.
7. Although it was raining like cats and dogs, they were playing football.
8. The earlier Mohan start, the better it wifi be for him.
9. My brother could not do homework because there was no power last night.
10. She dances so extremely well that you cannot help clapping.

Compound Sentences:

A compound sentence has more than one main clauses. These clauses are joined together by co-ordinating conjunctions such as…… (and, but, yet, still, so, therefore, or, otherwise, neither……. nor, not only but also, either……. or)

(एक compound sentence में एक से अधिक main clauses होती हैं। ये clauses co-ordinating conjunctions के द्वारा जुड़ी होती हैं।

Co-ordinating conjunctions के द्वारा जोड़ी गई दोनों clause एक समान status की होती हैं।
He came in.
He saw everything with his own eyes.
He said nothing.
He came in and he saw everything with his own eyes but he kept silent.

(उपरोक्त वाक्य में तीन main clauses को co-ordinating conjunctions का प्रयोग करके जोड़ा गया है अतः यह एक compound sentence (संयुक्त वाक्य) है।)

Examples:
He should work hard or he will fail.
you can either eat an apple or you can drink apple juice.
He is neither intelligent nor is he a hard worker.
He is ill but he is still working.
He closed the shop and then he went to a temple.

Exercise 1

Combine each of the following groups of sentences into compound sentences using co-ordinating conjunctions:
1. He got the best treatment. He is not out of danger.
2. Mohan worked hard. He passed the examination.
3. He was absent. He was fined.
4. Vinod burnt the midnight oil. He did not get 1st division.
5. Kamla went to the market. She purchased a suit.
6. Work hard. You will fail otherwise.
7. Suresh is very rich. He is not happy.
8. You may write with a pen. You may use a pencil.
9. He knocked several times. No one came to open the door.
10. He is honest. He is faithful.
Answers:
1. He got the best treatment, yet he is not out of danger.
2. Mohan worked hard and passed the examination.
3. He was absent, so he was fined.
4. Vinod burnt the midnight oil, but he did not get 1st division.
5. Kamla went to the market and purchased a suit.
6. Work hard or you will fail.
7. Suresh is very rich, yet he is not happy.
8. You may either write with a pen or you may use a pencil.
9. He knocked several times, but no one came to open the door.
10. He is honest as well as faithful.

Exercise 2

Combine each of the following groups of sentences into compound sentences using co-ordinating conjunctions:
1. You may read. You may play.
2. The villager could note read. He could not write.
3. Radha’s marks were not high. She was able to get admission to a College.
4. Suresh is intelligent. His brother is dull.
5.1 lost my way. I asked a passer-by the way. Being new he could not guide me.
6. He took me to his home. He gave me good food. He helped me with money.
7. He taught me. He also gave me books free.
8. He is very rich. He is not proud.
9. Mohan is not at school. He is not at home.
10.1 am tired. I have been working all day.
Answers:
1. You may either read or play.
2 The villager could neither read nor write.
3. Radha’s marks were not high, yet she was able to get admission to a college.
4. Suresh is intelligent, but his brother is dull.
5. I lost my way and asked a passer-by the way, but being new he could not guide me.
6. He took me home, gave me good food and helped me with money.
7. He not only taught me, but also gave me books free.
8. He is very rich yet he is not proud.
9. Mohan is neither at school nor at home.
10. I am tired as I have been working all day.

Exercise 3

Combine each of the following groups of sentences into compound sentences using co-ordinating conjunctions:
1. Gopal passed. His sister failed.
2. Work hard. You will fail.
3.1 help the poor. You tease them.
4. He did not come. He did not send any message.
5. Hire a taxi. You will miss the train.
6. We visited Agra. We visited Mathura also.
7. You should give up smoking. You will suffer from cancer.
8. He talked. The teacher taught.
9. Our team played well. We won the match.
10. Our team played well. We lost the match.
Answers:
1. Gopal passed, but his sister failed.
2. Work hard or you will fail.
3. I help the poor while you tease them.
4. Neither he came nor sent any message.
5. Hire a taxi or you will miss the train.
6. We visited not only Agra but Mathura also.
7. You should give up smoking otherwise you will suffer from cancer.
8. He talked while the teacher taught.
9. Our team played well and we won the match.
10. Our team played well but we lost the match.

Exercise 4

Combine each of the following groups of sentences into compound sentences using co-ordinating conjunctions:
1. The horse reared. The rider was thrown.
2. He is fond of music. He plays very well.
3. He is slow. He is sure.
4. She must weep. She will die.
5. Don’t be a borrower. Don’t be a lender.
6. He is diligent. He will succeed.
7. God made the country. Man made the town.
8. He cannot speak. He cannot write.
9. He is rich. He is not happy.
10. Some praise the work! Some praise the architect.
Answers:
1. The horse reared and the rider was thrown.
2. He is fond of music and he plays very well.
3. He is slow, but he is sure.
4. She must weep or she will die.
5. Neither a borrower nor a lender be.
6. He is diligent and he will succeed.
7. God made the country and man made the town.
8. He can not speak, nor can he write.
9. He is rich yet he is not happy.
10. Some praise the work and some praise the architect.

Haryana State Board HBSE 9th Class English Solutions Grammar Preposition Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 9th Class English Grammar Preposition

What is Preposition ?
Preposition अंग्रेजी भाषा के वे छोटे-छोटे शब्द होते हैं जो एक Noun (संज्ञा) तथा दूसरे Noun के बीच में या एक Noun और Verb (क्रिया) के बीच सम्बन्ध बताते हैं।
जैसे-
1. The pen is on the table.
2. She is looking at the picture.
पहले वाक्य में preposition है ‘on’ यह हमें pen का table से सम्बन्ध बताती है कि किताब मेज के “ऊपर” है, नीचे, दाएँ या बाएँ नहीं है।

दूसरे वाक्य में ‘at’ नाम की preposition क्रिया “looking” और संज्ञा the picture का सम्बन्ध बताती है कि देखने का काम तस्वीर ‘पर’ है न कि उसके पीछे, नीचे आदि।

Prepositions का अंग्रेजी भाषा में बहुत महत्त्व है। इनके बिना अंग्रेजी भाषा लिखना लगभग असम्भव है।

Prepositions हिन्दी के ‘साथ’, ‘के’, ‘ऊपर’, ‘नीचे’, ‘आगे’, ‘पर’, ‘भीतर’, ‘बाहर’, ‘द्वारा’, ‘में’, ‘से’ आदि का बोध करवाती हैं। अंग्रेजी भाषा में बहुत-सी prepositions हैं। मगर विद्यार्थियों को एक बात ध्यान में रखनी चाहिए कि अंग्रेजी में preposition का अर्थ वाक्य के भाव के अनुसार बदलता रहता है अर्थात् एक preposition के कई अर्थ हो सकते हैं।

For Example:
I will do this work by 8 o’clock.
(मैं यह काम आठ बजे तक कर लूँगा।)

We escaped by chance.
(हम किस्मत से बच गए।)

He came by bus.
(वह बस के द्वारा आया।)

He will get the work done by hook or by crook.
(वह जैसे-तैसे काम करवा लेगा।)

She sat by her husband.
(वह अपने पति के पास बैठी थी।)

उपर्युक्त वाक्यों में ‘by’ नाम की Preposition का अर्थ वाक्य के भाव के साथ-साथ बदल गया है।

Some Important Preposition:

कुछ महत्त्वपूर्ण prepositions के प्रयोग इस प्रकार हैं :

1. AT
‘At’ के प्रयोग निम्नलिखित हैं-
(a) स्थान के लिए :
I met her at the Railway station.

(b) ‘पर’ :
He threw stones at the dogs.

(c) त्योहारों के लिए:
People wear new clothes at Diwali.

(d) निश्चित समय के लिए :
Sudha met me at 5 p.m.

2. ABOUT

‘About’ को निम्नलिखित अर्थों में प्रयोग कर सकते हैं :
(a) के बारे में:
They told me about their journey.

(b) ‘लगभग’ :
I have about six hundred rupees in my pocket.

(c) के आस-पास या इधर-उधर :
He went about the forest.

3. BY

‘By’ का प्रयोग कई अर्थों में होता है; जैसे-
(a) ढंग या बोध के द्वारा :
He came by train

(b) के द्वारा कोई काम होना :
This book has been written by Mohan.

(c) ‘के निकट’ :
He sat by the temple and begged.

(d) ‘तक’
He can do this work by 5 p.m.

(e) माप-तोल के लिए :
Milk is sold by litres.

(f) समय के लिए:
I travelled by the night.

4. BETWEEN

‘Between’ का प्रयोग ‘दो के बीच’ के लिए होता है।
He divided his property between his two sons.
नोट : अगर बात दो से अधिक के बीच की हो तो ‘among’ का प्रयोग करते हैं।
He divided his property among his five sons.

5. FOR
‘For’ का प्रयोग कई अर्थों में होता है :

(a) उद्देश्य के लिए :
He went to America for higher studies.

(b) अवधि या दूरी के लिए:
I have been living in Delhi for ten years. I was ill for a week.
The desert was spread for miles.

(c) ‘कारण’ को बताने के लिए:
He was sent to jail for theft.

(d) ‘दिशा’ :
The bus is leaving for Chandigarh.

(e) प्रभाव को प्रकट करना :
Milk is good for health. Drinking ton much tea is had for you

6. FROM

‘From’ के मुख्य अर्थ निम्नलिखित हैं :

(a) ‘से’ आना:
He is coming from Chandigarh.

(b) गति, हलचल, हटाना आदि के लिए:
He rose from his seat.
Remove that cycle from there.

(c) आरम्भ या उद्गम स्थान को दर्शाना :
Tea comes from Assam.
He lived there from March to May.

(d) ‘अलग’, ‘दूर’ :
He is away from me.

7. IN

‘In’ का प्रयोग निम्नलिखित अर्थों के लिए होता है :

(a) में :
He is in the room.

(b) ‘किसी समय में’ को दर्शाने के लिए :
I can do this work in four hours.

(c) महीने, साल, शताब्दी आदि के लिए :
He came here in December.
Nehru died in 1964.

(d) स्थानों के लिए:
She lives in Kolkata.
I met her in the street.

8. ON

‘On’ के प्रयोग निम्नलिखित हैं :
(a) ‘पर’, के ‘ऊपर’
He is sitting on the roof.

(b) दिन या तारीख के लिए :
He went to Delhi on Sunday.
He came here on 10th March.

(c) किसी विशेष दिन के विशेष भाग के लिए :
Many people gamble on the night of Diwali.

9. TO
‘To’ का प्रयोग निम्नलिखित अर्थों के लिए होता है :
(a) ‘को’ जाना:
He went to Rohtak.

(b) From के बाद To’ का अर्थ ‘तक’ के लिए होता है : :
He worked from 6 p.m. to 8 p.m.

(c) को (देना):
He gave a pen to me.

(d) “भावना’ :
He is rude to her parents.

(e) ‘तुलना’ :
His pen is superior (अधिक श्रेष्ठ) to my pen.
This table is inferior (निम्न श्रेणी) to that table.

10. WITH

‘With’ निम्नलिखित अर्थों को दर्शाता है:

(a) ‘के साथ’ :
He went to Delhi with his friend.

(b) ‘साधन’, ‘के द्वारा :
He killed the lion with a gun.

(c) ‘कारण’
He is dying with hunger.

(d) किसी गुण या शारीरिक विशेषता का होना :
The girl with red hair.
The boy with a limp. (लंगड़ापन)

(e) ‘ढंग’
He fought with bravery.

(f) ‘से’ जैसे ‘से भरा होना
The room was filled with smoke.

Uses Of Some Important Prepositions

(A)

1. Agree with (किसी व्यक्ति से सहमत होना); I agree with you. (मैं आप से सहमत हूँ।)

2. Agree to (किसी बात, सुझाव आदि से सहमत होना); I agree to your proposal. (मैं आपके सुझाव से सहमत हूँ।)

3. Act upon (या on) (अमल करना); I acted on my father’s advice. (मैंने अपने पिता की सलाह पर अमल किया।)

4. Angry with (किसी व्यक्ति से नाराज होना); He is angry with me. (वह मुझसे नाराज है।)

5. Angry at (किसी बात पर नाराज होना); He is angry at your behaviour. (वह आपके बर्ताव पर नाराज है।)

6. Aim at
(i) (निशाना लगाना); Shayam aimed at the bird. (श्याम ने पक्षी पर निशाना साधा।)
(ii) (लक्ष्य होना); He has aimed at becoming a doctor. (उसने डॉक्टर बनने का लक्ष्य बनाया हुआ है।)

7. Accuse of (का इल्ज़ाम लगाना); He was accused of cheating his friend. (उस पर अपने मित्र को धोखा देने का इल्ज़ाम लगाया गया।)

8. Apply to (प्रार्थना-पत्र दिया है।); He has applied to the officer for leave. (उसने डॉक्टर प्रार्थना-पत्र दिया है।)

9. Apply for (किसी चीज के लिए प्रार्थना पत्र देना); I have applied for the post of a clerk. (मने क्लर्क के पद के लिए प्रार्थना पत्र दिया है।)

10. Attend to (ध्यान देना); Please attend to the lecture. (कृपया भाषण पर ध्यान दो।)

11. Abstain from (परहेज करना); You should abstain from smoking. (तुम्हें धूम्रपान से परहेज करना चाहिए।)

12. Abound in (प्रचुर मात्रा में होना); This pond abounds in fish. (इस तालाब में मछलियाँ प्रचुर मात्रा में हैं।)

13. Acquit of (बरी कर देना); The judge acquitted him of the crime. (जज ने उसे अपराध से बरी कर दिया।)

14. Amazed at (हैरान होना); I was amazed at his progress. (मैं उसकी प्रगति पर हैरान हुआ।)

15. Ashamed of (शर्मसार होना); He was ashamed of his conduct and did not meet me. (वह अपने व्यवहार पर शर्मिन्दा था और मुझे नहीं मिला।)

(B)

16. Beg for (गिड़गिड़ाना, भीख माँगना); The criminal begged for mercy. (अपराधी ने दया की भीख माँगी।)

17. Benefit from (से फायदा उठाना); He has benefitted from the new scheme. (उसने नई योजना से फायदा उठाया है।)

18. Believe in (में विश्वास करना); He does not believe in God. (उसे भगवान में विश्वास नहीं है।)

19. Base on (पर आधारित करना या होना); This film is based on a famous novel. (यह फिल्म एक प्रसिद्ध उपन्यास पर आधारित है।)

20. Blind to (अनदेखी करना); You are blind to the faults of your brother. (आप अपने भाई के दोषों की अनदेखी करते हैं।)

21. Boast of (डींग मारना); He always boasts of his wealth. (वह सदा अपनी दौलत की डींग मारता रहता है।)

22. Born in (जन्म होना); He was born in a rich family. (उसका जन्म एक अमीर परिवार में हुआ था।)

23. Blame for (दोष देना); He blamed me for his failure. (उसने अपनी असफलता के लिए मुझे दोष दिया।)

24. Backward in (किसी चीज में पिछड़े होना); This area is backward in education. (यह क्षेत्र शिक्षा में पिछड़ा हुआ है।)

25. Belong to (से सम्बन्ध स्थापित रखना); This house belongs to Mohan. (यह धर मोहन से सम्बन्ध रखता है, अर्थात् यह घर मोहन का है।)

(C)

26. Care for (परवाह करना); I do not care for Mohan. (मैं मोहन की परवाह नहीं करता।)

27. Care about (देखभाल करना); You should take care about your health. (तुम्हें अपने स्वास्थ्य की देखभाल करनी चाहिए।)

28. Charged with (इल्जाम लगाना); He was charged with murdering a man. (उस पर एक व्यक्ति की हत्या करने का इल्जाम लगाया गया।)

29. Cry for (किसी बात के लिए रोना या चिल्लाना); He is crying for his lost wealth. (वह अपने खोए हुए धन के लिए रो रहा है।)

30. Complain of (शिकायत करना); He complained of low pressure of water. (उसने पानी के कम दबाव की शिकायत की।)

31. Compromise with (समझौता करना); He compromised with me and settled the matter.(उसने मेरे साथ समझौता कर लिया और मामला निपटा दिया।)

32. Capable of (समर्थ होना); He is capable of doing great work. (वह महान कार्य करने में समर्थ है।)

33. Cure of (इलाज करना); The doctor cured me of cold. (डॉक्टर ने मेरे जुकाम का इलाज कर दिया।)

34. Cure for (का इलाज); What is the cure for cold ? (जुकाम का इलाज क्या है?)

35. Careful of (जागरुक, सावधान होना); He is careful of his health. (वह अपने स्वास्थ्य के प्रति सावधान है।)

(D)

36. Deal in (व्यापार करना); He deals in cloth. (वह कपड़े का व्यापार करता है।)

37. Deal with (व्यवहार करना); You must deal with the others politely. (तुम्हें अन्य लोगों से अवश्य ही नम्रता का व्यवहार करना चाहिए।)

38. Depend on (पर निर्भर होना); He depends on his father for all his needs. (वह अपनी आवश्यकताओं के लिए अपने पिता पर निर्भर है।)

39. Die of (किसी बीमारी से मरना); He died of cancer. (वह कैंसर से मर गया।)

40. Die from (कुछ करने से मरना); He died from over eating. (वह अधिक खाने से मर गया।)

41. Die for (किसी उद्देश्य के लिए मरना); He died for his country. (वह अपने देश के लिए मरा।)

42. Different from (से भिन्न); This book is different from your book. (यह पुस्तक तुम्हारी पुस्तक से भिन्न है।)

(E)

43. Exception to (अपवाद होना); There is exception to every rule. (हर नियम का अपवाद है।)

44. Escape from (बच निकलना); He escaped from jail. (वह जेल से बच निकला।)

45. Enquire into (छानबीन करना); The police enquired into the matter. (पुलिस मामले की छानबीन कर रही है।)

46. Equal to (के बराबर); The weight of this packet is equal to the weight of that packet. (इस पैकेट का वजन उस – पैकेट के बराबर है।)

(F)

47. Faithful to (के प्रति वफादार होना); Ram is faithful to his master. (राम अपने मालिक के प्रति वफादार है।)

48. Full of (से भरा होना); I found a purse full of money. (मुझे पैसों से भरा हुआ पर्स मिला।)

49. Fond of (शौकीन होना); I am fond of apples. (मैं सेबों का शौकीन हूँ।)

50. Fire at (किसी पर गोली चलाना); The soldiers fired at the enemy. (सैनिकों ने दुश्मन पर गोली चलाई।)

51. Feed on (पर पलना); The cow feeds on grass. (गाय घास पर पलती है।)

(G)

52. Good at (किसी काम में निपुण होना); He is good at English. (वह अंग्रेजी में निपुण है।)

53. Good for (उपयोगी होना); Playing is good for health. (खेलना स्वास्थ्य के लिए उपयोगी है।)

54. Gaze at (ध्यान से देखना); He was gazing at the flower. (वह फूल को ध्यान से देख रहा था।)

55. Guilty of (का दोषी होना); He is guilty of breaking the law. (वह कानून तोड़ने का दोषी है।)

56. Grateful to (कृतज्ञ होना); Mohan is grateful to Ram for helping him. (मोहन सहायता करने के लिए राम का कृतज्ञ है।)

(H)

57. Hope for (आशा करना); He hopes for the best. (उसे शुभ होने की आशा है।)

58. Hopeful of (का आशावान होना); He is hopeful of getting the Ist division. (उसे प्रथम श्रेणी प्राप्त होने की आशा है।)

59. Hungry for (भूखा होना, तीव्र लालसा होना); He is hungry for love. (वह प्यार का भूखा है।)

60. Hint at (इशारा करना); He hinted at the new plan. (उसने नई योजना का इशारा किया।)

61. Hinder from (रोकना); The storm hindered me from reaching the city. (तूफान ने मुझे शहर पहुंचने से रोका।)

(I)

62. III with (से ग्रस्त); He is ill with fever. (वह बुखार से ग्रस्त है।)

63. Interfere in (दखल देना); He interfered in my work. (उसने मेरे काम में दखल दिया।)

64. Interested in (में रुचि होना); I am interested in stamp collecting. (मेरी रुचि टिकटें इकट्ठी करने में है।)

65. Insist on (पर जोर देना); He insisted on going to Rewari. (उसने रिवाड़ी जाने पर जोर दिया।)

66. Inferior to (से घटिया); This chair is inferior to that. (यह कुर्सी उससे घटिया है।)

(J and K)

67. Junior to (से कनिष्ठ); Mohan is junior to Sohan. (वह सोहन से कनिष्ठ है।)

68. Jeer at (मजाक उड़ाना); The crowd jeered at the player. (भीड़ ने खिलाड़ी का मजाक उड़ाया।)

69. Jealous of (ईर्ष्या करना); Radha is jealous of her sister. (राधा को अपनी बहन से ईष्ा है।)

70. Knock at (खटखटाना); He knocked at the door for some time. (उसने कुछ देर तक दरवाजा खटखटाया।)

71. Key to (कुंजी होना); Hard work is the key to success. (कठिन मेहनत सफलता की कुंजी है।)

72. Laugh at (पर हँसना); The boys are laughing at the beggar. (लड़के भिखारी पर हंस रहे है।)

73. Loyal to (वफादार होना); We should be loyal to the country. (हमें अपने देश के प्रति वफादार होना चाहिए।)

74, Lead to (की ओर जाना); This road leads to Ambala. (यह सड़क अम्बाला जाती है।)

75. Liking for (रुचि होना); I have a liking for cricket. (मेरी क्रिकेट में रुचि है।)

(M and N)

76. Made of (का बना होना); This table is made of wood. (यह मेज लकड़ी की बनी हुई है।)

77. Mix with (से मिलना, संगति करना); You should not mix with bad boys. (तुम्हें बुरे लड़कों की संगति नहीं करनी चाहिए।)

78. Meddle with (दखल देना); Pakistan is meddling with our affairs. (पाकिस्तान हमारे मामलों में दखल दे रहा है।)

79. A need of (आवश्यकता होना); I am in need of money. (मुझे पैसे की आवश्यकता है।)

(O and P)

80. Obliged to (आभारी होना / कृतज्ञ करना); I shall be obliged to you. (मैं आपका आभारी रहूंगा।)

81. Pleased with (प्रसन्न होना); He is pleased with my work. (वह मेरे काम से प्रसन्न है।)

82. Prefer to (प्राथमिकता देना); I prefer tea to coffee. (मैं चाय को कॉफी से अधिक प्राथमिकता देता हूँ।)

83. Popular with (प्रसिद्ध); Mohan is popular with his friends. (मोहन अपने मित्रों में बहुत प्रसिद्ध है।)

84. Prevent from (रोकना); He prevented me from going to Hisar. (उसने मुझे हिसार जाने से रोका।)

85. Protect from (रक्षा करना); Woollen clothes protect us from cold. (गर्म कपड़े ठण्ड से हमारी रक्षा करते हैं।)

(Q and R)

86. Quarrel with (किसी व्यक्ति से झगड़ा करना); He quarrelled with me. (उसने मुझसे झगड़ा किया।)

87. Quarrel over (किसी बात पर झगड़ना); He quarrelled over a pen. (उसने एक पैन के बारे में झगड़ा किया।)

88. Recover from (ठीक होना); He has recovered from illness. (बह बीमारी से ठीक हो गया है।)

89, Remind of (याद दिलाना); He reminded me of his application. (उसने मुझे अपने प्रार्थना-पत्र की याद दिलाई।)

90. Rebel against (विद्रोह करना); People rebelled against the cruel king. (लोगों ने क्रूर राजा के विरुद्ध विद्रोह कर दिया।)

91. Rule over (शासन करना); Akbar ruled over India for a long time. (अकबर ने भारत पर लम्बे समय तक शासन किया।)

92. Repent of (पछताना); He repented of his misdeeds. (वह अपने बुरे कामों पर पछताया।)

(S) 93, Send for (बुला भेजना); They sent for the doctor. (जन्होंने डॉक्टर को बुला भेजा।)

94. Search for (तलाश करना); The police is searching for the thief. (पुलिस चोर की तलाश कर रही है।)

95. Similar to (के समान); This shirt is similar to that. (यह कमीज उस कमीज़ के समान है।)

96. Short of (कमी होना); At present I am short of money. (इस समय मेरे पास पैसे की कमी है।)

97. Sorry for (अफसोस होना); I am sorry for troubling you. (मुझे आपको तंग करने का अफसोस है।)

98. Surrendered to (आत्म-समर्पण करना); The enemy surrendered to our army. (दुश्मन ने हमारी सेना के सामने आत्म-समर्पण कर दिया।)

99. Slow at (धीमे होना); He is slow at learning English. (वह अंग्रेजी सीखने में धीमा है।)

100. Succeed in (सफल होना); Mohan succeeded in getting Ist division. (मोहन प्रथम श्रेणी प्राप्त करने में सफल हुआ।)

101. Stare at (पूर-चूर कर देखना); The old man stared at me for a long time. (बूढ़ा आदमी मुझे बहुत देर तक घूर-यूर कर देखता रहा।)

102. Speak to (से बात करना); Ispoke to him about it. (मैंने उससे इस बारे में बात की।)

(T)

103. Tired of (तंग आ जाना); I am tired of waiting. (मैं इंतजार करने से तंग आ गया हूँ।)

104. Think of (विचार होना); What do you think of this plan? (आपका इस योजना के बारे में क्या विचार है ?)

105. True to (पालन करना); You should be true to your word. (तुम्हें अपने वचन का पालन करना चाहिए।)

106. Talk about (बात करना); Everybody is talking about the new film. (हर व्यक्ति नई फिल्म के बारे में बात कर रहा

107. Threaten to (धमकी देना); The terrorist threatened to blow up the plane. (आतंकवादियों ने जहाज़ को बारुद से उड़ा देने की धमकी दी।)

108. Trust in (विश्वास करना); We should trust in God. (हमें भगवान् में विश्वास करना चाहिए।)

109. Taste for (रुचि होना); She has no taste for painting. (उसकी चित्रकारी में कोई रुचि नहीं है।)

(U to Z)

110. Useful to (व्यक्ति के लिए लाभदायक); This book is useful to me. (यह पुस्तक मेरे लिए लाभदायक है।)

111. Useful for (किसी काम के लिए लाभदायक); This machine is useful for cleaning the wells. (यह मशीन कुएँ साफ करने के लिए लाभदायक है।)

112. Vain of (घमण्डी होना); He is vain of his wealth. (वह अपने धन के बारे में घमण्डी है।)

113. Wait for (प्रतीक्षा करना); He is waiting for the bus. (वह बस की प्रतीक्षा कर रहा है।)

114. Weep for (के लिए रोना); The brothers wept for their lost wealth. (भाई अपनी खोई हुई दौलत के लिए रोए।)

115. Wish for (कामना करना); He wished for good weather. (उसने अच्छे मौसम की कामना की।)

116. Wonder at (हैरान होना); He wondered at the skill of that man. (वह उस व्यक्ति की निपुणता पर हैरान हुआ।)

117. Weary of (तंग आ जाना); I am weary of listening to him. (मैं उसकी बातें सुनकर तंग आ गया हूँ।)

118. Warn against/of (चेतावनी देना); The government warned the terrorists of serious results. (को गम्भीर परिणामों की चेतावनी दी है।)

119. Worthy of (के योग्य); He is worthy of respect. (वह सम्मान के योग्य है।)

120. Weak in (में कमजोर); She is weak in Mathematics. (वह गणित में कमजोर है।)

121. Write to (को लिखना); I have written to him about my plan. (मैंने उसे अपनी योजना के बारे में लिखा है।)

122. Worry about (चिंता करना); He worried about the success of his son. (उसे अपने बेटे की सफलता की चिंता हुई।)

123. Witness of (गवाह होना); He is the witness of the whole scene. (वह पूरे दृश्य का गवाह है।)

124, Yield to (हार मानना); The enemy yielded to us. (दुश्मन ने हमारे सामने हार मान ली।)

125. Zeal for (जोश होना); He showed a great zeal for the party. (उसने पार्टी के लिए जोश दिखाया।)

Exercises For Practice (Solved)

Fill in the the blanks with the help of the given prepositions :

Set 1

to,with, at, of, in, over.
1. He is fond …………. music.
2. He fired …………. the beast.
3. Fill this jug …………. milk.
4. My father will come …………. the evening.
Answer:
1. He is fond of music.
2. He fired at the beast.
3. Fill this jug with milk.
4. My father will come in the evening.

Set 2

with, at, over, from, to, on, at.
1. I prefer coffee …………. tea.
2. Why do you prevent me …………. going to the bus stand ?
3. He presided …………. the meeting.
4. He is good …………. English.
Answer:
1. I prefer coffee to tea.
2. Why do you prevent me from going to the bus stand ?
3. He presided over the meeting.
4. He is good at English.

Set 3

with, at, by, to, on, to.
1. Please listen …………. me.
2. Children depend …………. their parents.
3. Gopal quarrelled …………. me.
4. Radha is known …………. me.
Answer:
1. Please listen to me.
2. Children depend on their parents.
3. Gopal quarrelled with me.
4. Radha is known to me.

Set 4

of, to, at, with, for, in, of.
1. He had to part …………. his watch.
2. Be loyal …………. your country.
3. Don’t laugh …………. the poor man.
4. Her mother died …………. fever.
Answer:
1. He had to part with his watch.
2. Be loyal to your country.
3. Don’t laugh at the poor man.
4. Her mother died of fever.

Set 5

for, in, to, of, by, at.
1. I remind you …………. your promise.
2. This house is similar …………. yours.
3. He has a zeal …………. music.
4. My sister is good …………. Hindi.
Answer:
1. I remind you of your promise.
2. This house is similar to yours.
3. He has a zeal for music.
4. My sister is good at Hindi.

Set 6

with, up, down, to, on, of, off.
1. The villagers listened …………. those stories and enjoyed them.
2. Then he drove …………. the two bulls.
3. Your name is …………. both your boxes.
4. He met …………. an accident.
Answer:
1. The villagers listened to those stories and enjoyed them.
2. Then he drove off the two bulls.
3. Your name is on both your boxes.
4. He met with an accident.

Set 7

at, of, with, for, from, of.
1. We wish …………. peace.
2. Abstain …………. smoking.
3. I agree …………. Sulabh.
4. I am in need …………. money.
Answer:
1. We wish for peace.
2. Abstain from smoking.
3. I agree with Sulabh.
4. I am in need of money.

Set 8

with, by, with, till, at, to.
1. The hunter aimed …………. the bird.
2. I spoke …………. Mohini.
3. He writes …………. his left hand.
4. Do not mix …………. bad boys.
Answer:
1. The hunter aimed at the bird.
2. I spoke to Mohini.
3. He writes with his left hand.
4. Do not mix with bad boys.

Set 9

of in, for, against, of, by.
1. He is waiting …………. the train.
2. Mohan is the brother …………. Kamal.
3. Do you believe …………. ghosts?
4. The wheels were.also made …………. wood.
Answer:
1. He is waiting for the train.
2. Mohan is the brother of Kamal.
3. Do you believe in ghosts?
4. The wheels were.also made of wood.

Set 10

of between, under, with, to, on.
1. I don’t agree …………. you.
2. He acted …………. my advice.
3. The chair is made …………. wood.
4. He is obedient …………. his teacher.
Answer:
1. I don’t agree with you.
2. He acted on my advice.
3. The chair is made of wood.
4. He is obedient to his teacher.

Set 11

with, by, on, at, to, of.
1. The enemy yielded …………. us.
2. The cat jumped …………. the table.
3. He came …………. his brother.
4. He is in need …………. money.
Answer:
1. The enemy yielded to us.
2. The cat jumped on the table.
3. He came with his brother.
4. He is in need of money.

Set 12

in, into, with, at, for, of, to.
1. All the land was covered …………. dust and sand.
2. We have no use …………. talks like these.
3. After the mud-bath it rolls …………. the dust.
4. Are you related …………. Shyam?
Answer: 1. 2. 3. 4. .
1. All the land was covered with dust and sand.
2. We have no use for talks like these.
3. After the mud-bath it rolls into the dust.
4. Are you related to Shyam?

Set 13

at, in, for, on, for, by.
1. He acts …………. the advice of his father.
2. Send …………. a doctor at once.
3. He repented …………. his folly.
4. He begged …………. mercy.
Answer:
1. He acts on the advice of his father.
2. Send for a doctor at once.
3. He repented at his folly.
4. He begged for mercy.

Set 14

for, to, from, on, at, with.
1. Gluck went to his room and lay down …………. sleep.
2. The thief climbed …………. the ladder.
3. Did you go to the pump …………. midnight ?
4. The thief placed a ladder …………. the window.
Answer:
1. Gluck went to his room and lay down to sleep.
2. The thief climbed on the ladder.
3. Did you go to the pump at midnight ?
4. The thief placed a ladder with the window.

Set 15

over. at. in, ro, fromon.
1. Gopal has recovered …………. illness.
2. Do not rely …………. him.
3. The D.M. has consented to preside …………. the function.
4. He added a lot of water …………. his milk.
Answer:
1. Gopal has recovered from illness.
2. Do not rely on him.
3. The D.M. has consented to preside over the function.
4. He added a lot of water to his milk.

Set 16

in, against, during, of, under, with.
1. He warned me …………. danger.
2. He believes …………. God.
3. The purse is full …………. money.
4. Pratap was very pleased …………. his new eye.
Answer:
1. He warned me against danger.
2. He believes in God.
3. The purse is full of money.
4. Pratap was very pleased with his new eye.

Set 17

at, against, in, to, on, from.
1. The foreign rulers put him …………. jail.
2. Hard work is the key …………. success.
3. The villagers were warned …………. flood.
4. She depends …………. her brother.
Answer:
1. The foreign rulers put him in jail.
2. Hard work is the key to success.
3. The villagers were warned against flood.
4. She depends on her brother.

Set 18

at, for, of, at, to, against.
1. He wrote a letter …………. his brother.
2. Beware …………. pickpockets.
3. I wish …………. your success.
4. Some of them shot arrows …………. his face.
Answer:
1. He wrote a letter to his brother.
2. Beware to pickpockets.
3. I wish for your success.
4. Some of them shot arrows at his face.

Set 19

in, at, on, to, of, at.
1. He wondered …………. your conduct.
2. One should be faithful …………. the elders.
3. The coins fell …………. ground.
4. Mohan threw a ball …………. the wall.
Answer:
1. He wondered at your conduct.
2. One should be faithful to the elders.
3. The coins fell on ground.
4. Mohan threw a ball at the wall.

Set 20

from, on, at, on, by, at.
1. The train is running …………. time.
2. Gessler placed his hat …………. a pole.
3. He ate …………. a wooden bowl.
4. The money is …………. the bottom of the lake.
Answer:
1. The train is running on time.
2. Gessler placed his hat on a pole.
3. He ate from a wooden bowl.
4. The money is at the bottom of the lake.

Set 21

to, for, for, against, of under.
1. Iam short …………. money.
2. The crow searched …………. water.
3. The army rebelled …………. the king.
4. He is famous …………. his honesty.
Answer:
1. I am short of money.
2. The crow searched for water.
3. The army rebelled against the king.
4. He is famous for his honesty.

Set 22

at, to, by, to, in, on.
1. Please invite all …………. this party.
2. He is knocking …………. the door.
3. Ajit and Suijit met …………. the park.
4. Please attend …………. what I say.
Answer:
1. Please invite all to this party.
2. He is knocking at the door.
3. Ajit and Suijit met in the park.
4. Please attend to what I say.

Set 23

of, for, in, by, from, of
1. Where does this water flow …………. ?
2. But he was afraid …………. the king.
3. He then sent …………. the minister.
4. Hari was ashamed …………. his conduct.
Answer:
1. Where does this water flow from ?
2. But he was afraid of the king.
3. He then sent for the minister.
4. Hari was ashamed of his conduct.

Set 24

with, into, to, against, over, of.
1. The captain is popular …………. all the players.
2. I enquired …………. the matter.
3. Ram was married …………. Sita.
4. I am hard …………. hearing.
Answer:
1. The captain is popular with all the players.
2. I enquired into the matter.
3. Ram was married to Sita.
4. I am hard of hearing.

Set 25

at, with, to, in, on, in.
1. The boy yielded …………. pressure.
2. She is weak …………. English.
3. I agree …………. you in this matter.
4. I am busy …………. work.
Answer:
1. The boy yielded to pressure.
2. She is weak in English.
3. I agree with you in this matter.
4. I am busy in work.

Set 26

In, at, upon, for, from
1. He jumped …………. the wall.
2. Send …………. a doctor, please.
3. Hanu is weak …………. English.
4. He wondered …………. your conduct.
Answer:
1. He jumped upon the wall.
2. Send for a doctor, please.
3. Hanu is weak in English.
4. He wondered at your conduct.

Set 27

at, to, of, of
1. He is tired …………. work.
2. Leela is good …………. English.
3. The old man died …………. fever.
4. Are you blind …………. your faults?
Answer:
1. He is tired of work.
2. Leela is good at English.
3. The old man died of fever.
4. Are you blind to your faults?

Set 28

for, in, to, at, of.
1. I am short …………. money.
2. Don’t laugh …………. others.
3. This wood is inferior …………. that.
4. Trust …………. God.
Answer:
1. I am short of money.
2. Don’t laugh at others.
3. This wood is inferior to that.
4. Trust in God.

Set 29

in, at, during, of, for.
1. Navneet lives …………. Ballabgarh at YMCA.
2. It rained heavily …………. the night.
3. The stool is made …………. wood.
4. They wished …………. peace.
Answer:
1. Navneet lives in Ballabgarh at YMCA.
2. It rained heavily during the night.
3. The stool is made of wood.
4. They wished for peace.

Set 30

on, from, to, at, in.
1. He is knocking …………. the door.
2. A cow feeds …………. grass.
3. He has recovered …………. illness.
4. I prefer coffee …………. tea.
Answer:
1. He is knocking at the door.
2. A cow feeds on grass.
3. He has recovered from illness.
4. I prefer coffee to tea.

Set 31

to, in, on, for, of.
1. It rained continuously …………. two hours.
2. Please invite all to the party …………. your birthday
3. I prefer coffee …………. tea.
4. He is hopeful …………. a reward.
Answer:
1. It rained continuously for two hours.
2. Please invite all to the party on your birthday
3. I prefer coffee to tea.
4. He is hopeful of a reward.

Set 32

Since, for, in, on.
1. Manu was born at Shivaji Nagar …… Gurugram.
2. Neerja left …………. Banasthali on Monday.
3. I have been living here …………. 1982.
4. His birthday falls …………. 5th October.
Answer:
1. Manu was born at Shivaji Nagar in Gurugram.
2. Neerja left for Banasthali on Monday.
3. I have been living here since 1982.
4. His birthday falls on 5th October.

Set 33

at, for, in, on.
1. Always hope …………. the best.
2. Do not rely …………. his words.
3. Leela is good …………. English.
4. He deals …………. cloth.
Answer:
1. Always hope for the best.
2. Do not rely on his words.
3. Leela is good at English.
4. He deals in cloth.

Set 34

by, in, at, across.
1. She-swam …………. the river.
2. We went there …………. taxi.
3. The train will arrive …………. 9 : 30 am.
4. The apples are …………. the basket.
Answer:
1. She-swam across the river.
2. We went there by taxi.
3. The train will arrive at 9 : 30 am.
4. The apples are in the basket.

Set 35

with, at, of, of
1. The hunter fired …………. the tiger.
2. Don’t boast …………. your new house.
3. I agree …………. you.
4. All my furniture is made …………. wood.
Answer:
1. The hunter fired at the tiger.
2. Don’t boast of your new house.
3. I agree with you.
4. All my furniture is made of wood.

Set 36

out of, from, for, with, in
1. The soldiers fought …………. bravery.
2. I bought my shirt …………. Delhi.
3. The lion came …………. its hiding place.
4. I am leaving …………. Chandigarh today.
Answer:
1. The soldiers fought with bravery.
2. I bought my shirt from Delhi.
3. The lion came out of its hiding place.
4. I am leaving for Chandigarh today.

Set 37

at, on, in, to, with.
1. He depends …………. me.
2. Trust …………. God.
3. I prefer coffee …………. tea.
Answer:
1. He depends on me.
2. Trust in God.
3. I prefer coffee to tea.

Set 38

under, for, by, from
1. The Mahabharata was written …………. Ved Vyas.
2. I like him …………. his honesty.
3. Anita is suffering …………. high temperature.
4. I took rest …………. the shade of a tree.
Answer:
1. The Mahabharata was written by Ved Vyas.
2. I like him for his honesty.
3. Anita is suffering from high temperature.
4. I took rest under the shade of a tree.

Set 39

to, on, in, after
1. Nehru was born …………. a rich family.
2. I will look …………. a rich family.
3. He depends …………. his salary.
4. She is going …………. attend a marriage.
Answer:
1. Nehru was born in a rich family.
2. I will look after a rich family.
3. He depends on his salary.
4. She is going to attend a marriage.

Set 40

for, at, with, of, in.
1. He died …………. fever.
2. My father deals …………. sugar.
3. He wondered …………. your conduct.
Answer:
1. He died of fever.
2. My father deals in sugar.
3. He wondered at your conduct.

Haryana State Board HBSE 9th Class English Solutions Grammar Conjunctions Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 9th Class English Grammar Conjunctions

What are Sentence Connectors or Conjunctions ?
Sentence connectors or conjunctions are those words or phrases which help us in linking sentences. These linkers are used for combining words, phrases or clauses.

Sentences connectors वे शब्द या शब्द-समूह होते हैं जो शब्दों, शब्द-समूहों या उप-वाक्यों को आपस में जोड़ते हैं; जैसे-

Suman and Kusum are sisters.
Work hard or you will fail.
I know that he is a wise man.
The thief ran away when he saw the policeman.
उपरोक्त वाक्यों में and, or, that और when, sentence connectors हैं। And Suman और Kusum नाम के दो शब्दों को जोड़ता है, ‘or’ दो phrases ‘work hard’ और ‘you will fail’ को जोड़ता है और that’तथा’when’उप-वाक्यों (Clauses) को जोड़ते हैं।

Kinds of Sentence Linkers (Conjunctions) :

Sentence linkers निम्नलिखित तीन प्रकार के होते हैं-
1. Co-ordinating Conjunctions
2. Subordinating Conjunctions
3. Correlative Conjunctions
अब हम एक-एक करके इनका अध्ययन करेंगे।

1. Co-ordinating Conjunctions (linkers):

दो समान या बराबर के दर्जे वाले शब्दों या phrases (शब्द-समूहों) को जोड़ने वाले conjunctions को co-ordinating conjunctions कहते हैं; जैसे-

कुछ महत्त्वपूर्ण Co-ordinating conjunctions हैं-

and, or, but, only, while, so, for, then, both…….. and, as well as, not only…… but also, either…… or, neither…….. nor, otherwise, else, still (or yet), nevertheless, therefore, etc.

2. Subordinating Conjunctions (linkers):

जो conjunctions किसी subordinate clause को main clause से जोड़ने के लिए प्रयुक्त हों, उन्हें subordinating conjunctions कहते हैं; जैसे-
Wait here till he comes back.
You will fail if you do not work hard.
He sat down after he had delivered the speech.
I met him while I was going to college.

कुछ महत्त्वपूर्ण subordinating conjunctions हैं-
because, as, since, so that, lest, that, in order that, if, provided, as if, unless, otherwise, so ……. that, such …….. that, as …. as, as much as, more than, no less than, though, although, however, as far as, when, before, after, while, till, until, as soon as, no sooner …….. than, as long as, etc.

3. Correlative Conjunctions (linkers):

जिन conjunctions को जोड़ों (pairs) के रूप में प्रयोग किया जाए, उन्हें correlative conjunctions कहते हैं। ये आपस में एक-दूसरे से या अन्य व्यक्ति या वस्तु से संबंध दर्शाती हैं। कुछ महत्त्वपूर्ण correlative conjunctions हैं-

either ……… or, neither ……… nor, such ……… as, though ……… yet, such ……… that, both ……… and, as ……… as, as ……… so, so ……… that, no sooner ……… than, scarcely/hardly ……… when, not only ……… but also, rather ……… than.
For example:
Either Ram or Sham has stolen the pen.
He is not such a man as you can hate.
He is both handsome and intelligent.
No sooner had I reached the station than the train started.
Hardly did the teacher leave the class when the students started making a noise.
हम मुख्य sentence linkers (conjunctions) का अध्ययन एक-एक करके करेंगे।

Uses Of Various Sentence Linkers (Connectors)

AS:

(a) It is used to show ‘because’ (“क्योंकि” अर्थात वाक्य के शुरू में कारण को बताने के लिए)
(i) It is raining. I shall not go to the office.
As it is raining, I shall not go to the office.

(ii) I was tired. I sat down to rest.
As I was tired, I sat down to rest.

(b) To show “when” इसका प्रयोग “जब” को बताने के लिए होता है-
I reached the railway station. The train started.
As I reached the station, the train started.

(c) When two works continue together (जब दो कार्य साथ-साथ चलें)
(i) She worked. She sang.
She sang as she worked.

(ii) He stammers. He speaks.
He stammers as he speaks.

(d) To show something happening gradually (शनैः शनैः होने वाले कार्य के लिए)
The sun rises. The fog disappears.
As the sun rises, the fog disappears.

(e) To express ‘the time when’ (वह समय जब” को दर्शाने के लिए)
He was going to the office. I saw him.
I saw him as he was going to the office.

(f) To show ‘manner’ ((“तरीके” को बताने के लिए)
He ordered me. I did the work likewise.
I did the work as he ordered me.

(g) For comparison (तुलना के लिए)
Sita is tall, Gita is equally tall.
Gita is as tall as Sita is.

SINCE:

(a) It is used to show reason (कारण बताने के लिए)
I was busy. I could not meet him.
Since I was busy, I could not meet him.

(b) To show the length of time for some fixed point (किसी निश्चित बिंदु तक समय की लंबाई के लिए)
Mohan went to Delhi. He has not written to me after that.
Mohan has not written to me since he went to Delhi.

WHILE:

(a) To show the duration of time (समय की अवधि को दर्शाने के लिए)
(i) He was playing in the garden. During that time, sister was working.
While he was playing in the garden, his sister was working.

(ii) The clouds were thundering. The frogs were croaking.
While the clouds were thundering, the frogs were croaking.

(iii) I was playing in the ground. I lost my pen.
I lost my pen while playing in the ground.

(b) To say ‘but’ (‘लेकिन’ को कहने के लिए)
He likes tea. But his brother likes coffee.
He likes tea while his brother likes coffee.

(c) एक समय में दो अलग-अलग व्यक्तियों या समूहों के द्वारा किए जाने वाले अलग-अलग या विपरीत कार्यों का वर्णन करने के लिए-
(i) The teacher was teaching. The boys were making a noise.
The teacher was teaching while the boys were making a noise.

(ii) Some men were going to the fair. Others were coming back.
Some men were going to the fair while others were coming back.

THAN:

(a) For comparison with comparative degree (तुलना के लिए)

(i) Ram is intelligent. Sham is more intelligent.
Sham is more intelligent than Ram.

(ii) The moon is big. The sun is bigger.
The sun is bigger than the moon.

(b) It is also used with would, rather and no sooner-
(i) I would die. I will not beg.
I would rather die than beg.

(ii) We reached the station. The train started.
No sooner had we reached the station than the train started.

JUST THEN:

‘Just then’ is used to denote some action which takes place suddenly when some other action has already been going on.
(“Just then’का प्रयोग उस कार्य को बताने के लिए होता है जो उचानक तब हो जाए जब कोई और कार्य पहले से ही चल रहा है।)

(i) He prayed to God to send rain. Suddenly clouds appeared in the sky.
He prayed to God to send rain, just then clouds appeared in the sky.

(ii) The students were making a lot of noise. The principal came there.
The students were making a lot of noise, just then the principal came there.

(iii) The thief was coming out of the house. A policeman reached there.
The thief was coming out of the house, just then a policeman reached there.

JUST BECAUSE:

Just because tells the reason for something. This shows that often the reason for something is trivial and not very important.
(“Just because” किसी चीज का कारण बताता है। इससे पता चलता है कि अकसर किसी चीज का कारण तुच्छ है और महत्त्वपूर्ण नहीं।)

(i) He did not lend you money. You should not hate him for that.
You should not hate him just because he did not lend you money.

(ii) I didn’t complain. You must not suppose that I was satisfied.
Just because I did not complain, you must not suppose that I was satisfied.

UNTIL (तक नहीं):

‘Until’ means up to the time when. For example: the sentence “Let’s wait until the rain stops” means that we should wait up to the time when the rain stops.
(“Until” का अर्थ है जब तक कोई अन्य कार्य नहीं हो जाता।)

(i) They waited for the police. They didn’t move anything up to that time.
They did not move anything until the police came.

(ii) You promise to help her. She will not go up to that time.
She will not go until you promise to help her.

TILL (तक):

Till is used to tell about some time limit,
(0 We stayed there till 5 o’ clock.
(ii) Please wait here till I return.

IF (यदि):

Future Tense वाले वाक्यों में यदि (option) को व्यक्त करने के लिए।
(i) You will fail if you do not work hard.
(ii) The match shall be cancelled if it rains today.

UNLESS (यदि नहीं):

Future Tense वाले वाक्यों में ‘यदि नहीं’ को व्यक्त करने के लिए
(i) Unless you work hard you will fail.
(ii) I shall not attend the meeting unless I am personally invited.

LEST:

इसका अर्थ है “कहीं ऐसा न हो”; (Lest का प्रयोग चेतावनी देने के लिए should वाले वाक्यों में करते हैं।)
(i) You should work hard. If you don’t, you may fail.
Work hard lest you should fail.

(ii) I ran fast. I feared that I might miss the train.
I ran fast lest I should miss the train.

WHEN:

इसका अर्थ है “जब” या “उस समय”; जैसे-
(i) They arrived. At that time we were arguing.
When they arrived, we were arguing.

(ii) The police came. It was three o’clock at that time.
It was three o’ clock when the police arrived.

ALTHOUGH:

इसका अर्थ है “यद्यपि” अर्थात किसी कार्य का किसी बात के बावजूद होना या न होना।
He worked hard. He did not succeed.
He did not succeed although he worked hard.

SO….. THAT:

इसमें कोई बात किसी अन्य बात पर आधारित होती है।
He is very poor. He cannot pay his fees.
He is so poor that he cannot pay his fees.

OTHERWISE:

इसका अर्थ है ‘नहीं तो’।
Walk fast. If you don’t, you will miss the train.
Walk fast otherwise you will miss the train.

BEFORE (से पहले):

The doctor came. The patient had already died.
The patient had died before the doctor came.
Look before you leap.

AFTER (के बाद):

Turn off the tap after use.
He posted the letter after he had written it.

BECAUSE (क्यौंकि):

To express the reason farm (कारण बताने के लिए)
(0 He failed. He did not work hard.
He failed because he did not work hard.

(ii) I can’t come to school. I am suffering from fever.
I can’t come to school because I am suffering from fever.

SO/THEREFORE (इसलिए):

To express the result (परिणाम बताने के लिए)
(i) He did not work hard. He failed in all subjects.
He did not work hard so he failed in all subjects.

(ii) Aman is working very hard. She will top the class.
Aman is working very hard, therefore, she will top the class.

THAT (की):

To combine two simple sentences. (दो साधारण वाक्यों को जोड़ने के लिए)
(i) The earth is round. The teacher told us.
The teacher told us that the earth is round.

(ii) He is a sincere worker. All know this.
All know that he is a sincere worker.

IF (कि क्या):

To combine a simple sentence with an interrogative sentence starting with a Helping verb
(साधारण वाक्यों को सहायक क्रिया से शरू होने वाले प्रश्नवाचक वाक्य के साथ जोड़ने के लिए)

(i) May I take your pen ? Please tell me.
Please tell me if I may take your pen.

(ii) Can you swim? I want to know this.
I want to know if you can swim.

AND (और):

(a) To express two similar qualities and actions
(दो समान विशेषताओं और कार्यों का वर्णन करने के लिए)
(i) Someone pulled the chain and the train stopped.
(ii) He came in and sat beside me.

(b) To express the result according to action (कार्य के अनुकूल परिणाम का वर्णन करने के लिए)
(i) He worked hard and got very good marks.
(ii) He did his best and achieved the goal.

BUT (लेकिन):

(a) To express two opposite qualities and actions (दो विपरीत गुणों और कार्यों का वर्णन करने के लिए)
(i) The bus overturned but none was injured.
(ii) I went to meet him but he was not at home.

(b) To express the result opposite to action (कार्य के विपरीत परिणाम का वर्णन करने के लिए)
(i) He worked hard but failed.
(ii) Our team played well but lost the match.

WHAT (क्या/जो):

To express something (किसी विषय-वस्तु का वर्णन करने के लिए)
You want something. Tell me this.
Tell me what you want ?

WHEN (कब/जब):

To express point of time (निश्चित समय का वर्णन करने के लिए)
(i) Do you know when the next train will arrive ?
(ii) Someone picked my pocket when I was getting off the train.

WHY (क्यों):

To know the reason (कारण जानने के लिए)
(i) You have rejected my application. Tell me the reason.
Tell me why you have rejected my application.

(ii) I can’t explain why he has not come today.

WHERE (कहाँ जहाँ):

To tell about the place (स्थान का वर्णन करने के लिए)
(i) Tell me where you live.
(ii) This is the place where Gandhiji was born.

WHO (कौन किसने/जो जिसने):

To tell/know about some person (किसी व्यक्ति के बारे में बताने या जानने के लिए)
(i) Tell me who stole my pen.
(ii) This is the boy who won the fifst prize.

WHOSE (किसका जिसका):

To tell/know about some person (किसी व्यक्ति के बारे में बताने या जानने के लिए)
(i) This is Mrs. Usha. Her son is a doctor.
This is Mrs. Usha whose son is a doctor.

(ii) Do you know whose bag is this ?

WHOM (किसे जिसे जिन्हें):

For person (व्यक्तियों के लिए)
(i) Those die young whom the gods love.
(ii) Tell me whom you gave my book.

WHICH (कौन सी/जो):

To tell/know about some object (किसी चीज के बारे में जानने या बताने के लिए)
(i) Give me the book which is lying on the table.
(ii) The car which I bought last year has been stolen.

HOW (कैसे):

To tell/know about the method (विधि का वर्णन करने के लिए)
(i) He solved the sum. Did he tell you the method ?
Did he tell you how he solved the sum ?

Exercises For Practice (Solved)

Exercise 1

Fill in the blanks with appropriate conjunctions:
1. I am very tired. Give me a cup of ………… coffee ………… tea.
2. There are thirty boys ………… twenty girls in the class.
3. I am helping you ………… you are friend of my son.
4. Mohan is tall ………… his brother is short.
5. The current was fast, ………… we swam across the river.
6. She sings ………… a nightingale does.
7. He cried ………… a mad man.
8. ………… the traffic rush was very heavy, I did not reach on time.
9. ………… Kapil Dev is at the crease, our team can hope to achieve a big total.
10. ………… did the teacher enter the class ………….. the boys stood up.
Answers:
1. I am very tired. Give me a cup of either coffee or tea.
2. There are thirty boys and twenty girls in the class.
3. I am helping you because you are friend of my son.
4. Mohan is tall but his brother is short.
5. The current was fast, nevertheless we swam across the river.
6. She sings as a nightingale does.
7. He cried like a mad man.
8. Because the traffic rush was very heavy, I did not reach on time.
9. As long as Kapil Dev is at the crease, our team can hope to achieve a big total.
10. No sooner did the teacher enter the class than the boys stood up.

Exercise 2

Complete the sentences given below with appropriate sentence connectors:
1. …………. he says is not correct.
2. …………. he would succeed was beyond doubt.
3. Wait here …………. I return.
4. Strike the iron …………. it is hot.
5. …………. he is my friend, I trust his word.
6. Nothing is more pleasant …………. climbing a mountain.
7. …………. she left the house, she remembered her purse.
8. She speaks English better …………. I do.
9. …………. she was sharpening a pencil, she cut her finger.
10. …………. I was getting off the bus, I slipped and injured my foot.
Answers:
1. What he says is not correct.
2. That he would succeed was beyond doubt.
3. Wait here until he would succeed was beyond doubt.
4. Strike the iron while it is hot.
5. As he is my friend, I trust his word.
6. Nothing is more pleasant than
7. As she left the house, she remembered her purse.
8. She speaks English better than I do
9. While she was sharpening a pencil, she cut her finger.
10. As I was getting off the bus, I slipped and injured my foot.

Exercise 3

Use appropriate sentence connectors:
1. Do …………. you are advised.
2. It is Mohan …………. won the 1st prize.
3. Make hay …………. the sun shines.
4. Work hard …………. you should fail.
5. …………. you walk fast, you will miss the train.
6. I waited for him …………. the clock struck seven.
7. The man was angry …………. the vendor had cheated him.
8. …………. the teacher came, the students became silent.
9. We crossed the river …………. the current was; fast.
10. Speak …………. you think fit.
Answers:
1. Do as you are advised.
2. It is Mohan who won the 1st prize.
3. Make hay while the sun shines.
4. Work hard lest you should fail.
5. Unless you walk fast, you will miss the train.
6. I waited for him till the clock struck seven.
7. The man was angry because the vendor had cheated him.
8. As soon as the teacher came, the students became silent.
9. We crossed the river though the current was; fast.
10. Speak when you think fit.

Exercise 4

Use suitable sentence connectors into the blank spaces in the following sentences:
1. You will not get the telephone number …………. you put a coin in the slot.
2. …………. you say so, I must believe it.
3. Men will reap …………. they sow.
4. Mohan speaks English better …………. I do.
5. We shall play …………. the bell goes.
6. She could not see clearly …………. it was very dark.
7. I called him yesterday …………. he did not come.
8. Hardly had he reached the platform …………. the train arrived.
9. It has been a year ……….. I saw him.
10. The children were playing ………… the parents were quarrelling.
Answers:
1. You will not get the telephone number unless you put a coin in the slot.
2. Since you say so, I must believe it.
3. Men will reap as they sow.
4. Mohan speaks English better than I do.
5. We shall play until the bell goes.
6. She could not see clearly because it was very dark.
7. I called him yesterday but he did not come.
8. Hardly had he reached the platform when the train arrived.
9. It has been a year since I saw him.
10. The children were playing while the parents were quarrelling.

Exercise 5

Join each pair of sentences using the sentence linkers given in the brackets:
1. You should wait here. He will return soon, (until)
2. He has been ill. He came here in July last, (since)
3. He walks down to his school. He never reaches his school late, (still)
4. The pen is mighty. The sword is not so mighty, (than)
5. Everybody loves him. He is honest, (because)
6. I lay thinking. My friend dropped in just then, (as)
7. People do not like him. He shirks work, (because)
8. I will not rise from my seat. I should be asked to rise, (until)
9. He laughs at me. Any fool will do like that, (as)
10. I bought this house. Two years have passed, (since)
Answers:
1. Wait here until he returns.
2. He has been ill since he came here in July last.
3. He walks down to his school still he never reaches his school late.
4. The pen is mightier than the sword.
5. Everybody loves him because he is honest.
6. As I lay thinking, my friend dropped in.
7. People do not like him because he shirks work.
8. I won’t rise from my seat until I am asked to.
9. He laughs at me just as any fool will do.
10. Two years have passed since I bought this house.

Exercise 6

Join the following pair of sentences using the sentence linkers given in the brackets:
1. You should recover fully. You must take light food till then, (until)
2. I Cannot attend my office. I am not feeling well, (because)
3. Remain where you are. Wait for my return, (until)
4. Five months have passed. His father died in May. (since)
5. She took a taxi. It was raining, (because)
6. Mohan was angry. He had suffered loss in business, (because)
7. Do not go. Let me get ready, (until)
8. I do not know the script. I can’t read this letter, (since)
9. I shall give in writing. You desire it. (since)
10. He wastes his time. He cannot pass the test, (as)
Answers:
1. You must take light food until you recover fully.
2. I cannot attend office because I am not feeling well.
3. Remain where you are until I return. ’
4. It is five months since his father died in May.
5. She took a taxi because it was raining.
6. Mohan was angry because he had suffered loss in business.
7. Do not go until I get ready.
8. Since I do not know the script, I can’t read this letter.
9. Since you desire it, I shall give in writing.
10. As he wastes his time, he cannot pass the test.

Exercise 7

Combine the sentences in each of the following pairs into one sentence using the sentence linkers given in the brackets:

1. The water was cold. He crossed the river, (although)
2. He is poor. He is honest, (although) ,
3. He is very rich. He is miserly, (although)
4. The moon is big. The sun is bigger, (than)
5. He came out. He remembered the key. (as)
6. The teacher was teaching. Amit was looking out of the window, (while)
7. He is very poor. He cannot buy a bicycle, (because)
8. Work hard. You will get first division, (and)
9. He can see. He can hear either, (either or)
10. Rakesh was there. His friends were also there, (as well as)
Answers:
1. Although the water was cold, yet he crossed the river.
2. Although he is poor, yet he is honest.
3. Although he is very rich, yet he is miserly.
4. The sun is bigger than the moon.
5. He remembered the key as he came out.
6. Amit was looking out of the window while the teacher was teaching.
7. He cannot buy a bicycle because he is very poor.
8. Work hard and you will get first division.
9. He can either see or hear.
10. Rakesh as well as his friends were there.

Exercise 8

Combine the sentences in each of the following pairs into one sentence using the sentence linkers given in the brackets:

1. He wastes his time. He cannot pass the examination, (as)
2. I can not decide the case. I will hear both the parties, (until)
3. The moon is big. The sun is bigger, (than)
4. We have no money. We cannot buy a new dress, (since)
5. The train was crossing the bridge. The accident took place then, (while)
6. I will come back soon. Do not move from here, (till)
7. The sun rose. The fog disappeared, (as)
8. I was playing. I lost my purse, (while)
9. He came here. He has been ill. (since)
10. You did not do your home work. You were punished, (because)
Answers:
1. He cannot pass the examination as he wastes his time.
2. I cannot decide the case until I hear both the parties.
3. The sun is bigger than the moon.
4. Since we have no money, we cannot buy a new dress.
5. The accident took place while the train was crossing the bridge.
6. Do not move from here till I come back.
7. The fog disappeared as the sun rose.
8. I lost my purse while playing.
9. He has been ill since he came here.
10. You were punished because you did not do your home work.

Exercise 9

Combine the sentences in each of the following pairs into one sentence using the sentence linkers given in the brackets:

1. A cell-phone is an essential item these days. You should always keep it with you. (because)
2. You can expect an excellent return. You have invested a lot of money in your business, (as)
3. Work hard. You will not pass, (otherwise)
4. The maintenance of a Maruti car is easy. I want to purchase it. (because)
5. You are very hard working. You are bound to get success, (as)
6. The cat is away. The mice will play, (when)
7. Smriti is ill. I must help Smriti. (since)
8. The pick-pocket saw the policeman. He ran away, (as soon as)
9. Kalidas was a great poet. I like him. (because)
10. Sanjay is tall. Sunil is taller, (than)
Answers:
1. You should always keep a cell-phone with you because it is an essential item these days.
2. You can expect an excellent return as you have invested a lot of money in your business.
3. Work hard otherwise you will not pass.
4. I want to purchase a Maruti car because its maintenance is easy.
5. You are bound to get success as you are very hard working.
6. When the cat is away, the mice will play.
7. Since Smriti is ill, I must help her.
8. As soon as the pick-pocket saw the policeman, he ran away.
9. I like Kalidas because he was a great poet.
10. Sunil is taller than Sanjay.

Haryana State Board HBSE 9th Class English Solutions Grammar Suffixes Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 9th Class English Grammar Suffixes

A suffix is a letter or a group of letters that is usually added onto the end of words to change it into a new word.
boy + s = boys
play + ed = played
sing + ing = singing
kind + ness = kindness
general + ly = generally
appoint + ment = appointment
cash + less = cashless

List of Suffixes :

1. er – train + er = trainer, teach + er = teacher, preach + er = preacher
2. or – protect + or = protector
3. ness – kind + ness – kindness
4. less – cash + less = cashless
5. al – refuse + al = refusal
6. age – parent + age = parentage
7. dom – free + dom = freedom
8. ee – employ + ee = employee
9. ess – lion + ess = lioness
10. est – tall + est = tallest
11. fy – beauty + fy = beautify
12. hood – child + hood = childhood
13. ian – India + ian = Indian
14. full – house + full = houseful
15. en – light + en = lighten
16. es – bench + es = benches
17. s – toy + s = toys
18. ing – swim + ing = swimming
19. ty – able + ity = ability
20. al – nation + al = national
21. ism – ideal + ism – idealism
22. ation – inform + ation – information
23. ial – judge + ial – judicial
24. ian – library + ian = librarian
25. etic – energy + etic = energetic
26. ial – finance + ial = financial

Rule 1.
When the suffix ‘full’ is added to a word one l’ is removed. यदि किसी शब्द के साथ ‘full’ का प्रयोग suffix के रूप में किया जाता है तो नए शब्द में full का एक ‘l’ हटा देते हैं;
house + full = houseful
faith + full = faithful

Rule 2.
जिस शब्द के साथ ‘full’ suffix के रूप में प्रयोग होता है, यदि उसके अन्त में ‘Ir लगा है तो उसमें भी एक ‘ हटा देते हैं;

skill + full = skilful
will + full = wilful

Rule 3.
दो या तीन syllables वाला शब्द जो single vowel + single consonant ध्वनि से समाप्त होता है तो उसके साथ ‘ed’ और ‘ing’ की suffix लगाते हैं तो अंतिम consonant को Double कर देते हैं;

pennit + ed = permitted
occur + ed = occured
control + ed = controlled
swim + ing = swimming
begin + ing = beginning

Rule 4.
यदि शब्द के अन्त में ” लगा है और उससे पहले vowel लगा है तो उसके साथ vowel से शुरू होने वाली suffix लगाते समय ! को double कर देते हैं;

signal + ing = signalling
signal + ed = signalled
repel + ent – repellent
quarrel + ed = quarrelled
travel + er = traveller

Rule 5.
यदि शब्द के अन्त में silent ‘e’ लगा हो तो उसके अन्त में vowel से शुरू होने वाली suffix लगाते समय ‘ए’ को हटा देते हैं;
smoke + ing = smoking
hope + ing = hoping
live + ed = lived
drive + er = driver
tire + ing = tiring

Rule 6.
लेकिन यदि suffix किसी consonant से शुरू होती है तो ” को नहीं हटाते,

hope + full = hopeful
sincere + ly = sincerely
लेकिन *
true + ly = truly
nine + th = ninth
argue + ment = argument

Rule 7.
यदि वाक्य के अन्त में ‘y’ लगा है और उससे पहले consonant लगा है तो suffix लगाते समय ” को ” में बदल देते हैं;

happy + ly = happily
carry + ed = carried
marry + age = marriage
beauty + full = beautiful
लेकिन *
marry + ing = marrying

Rule 8.
यदि अंत में लगे ” से पहले vowel लगा है तो ‘ को नहीं हटाते;

play + ing = playing
play + ed = played
pray + er = prayer
pray + ed = prayed

Rule 9.
जब ‘ce’ से समाप्त होने वाले वाक्य के साथ ‘ous’ suffix का प्रयोग किया जाता है तो ‘ce’ में लगे ” को ” में बदल देते हैं;

space + ous = spacious
grace + ous = gracious
malice + ous = malicious
vice + ous = vicious

Rule 10.
जब ‘ie’ से समाप्त होने वाले शब्द के अन्त में ‘ing’ suffix लगाते हैं तो ‘ie’ को ‘y’ में बदल देते हैं

lie + ing = lying
tie + ing = tying
die + ing = dying

Exercise

Make new words using suffixes :
1. Great + full
2. Sincere + ly
3. Gamble + ing
4. Cry + ed
5. Try + ing
6. Jump + ed
7. Stop + irig
8. Face + ing
9. Grace + ous
10. Stoop + ed
11. Swim + er
12. Will + full
13. Skim + ed
14. Smoke + ing
15. Use + ing

Haryana State Board HBSE 9th Class English Solutions Grammar Subject Verb Agreement Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 9th Class English Grammar Subject Verb Agreement

Subject Verb Agreement :
(Agreement on Verb and Subject)
A verb must agree with its subject in number and person. In this connection the following are some important points to remember.
(एक Verb संख्या एवं व्यक्ति (person) के मामले में अवश्य अपने subject (कत्ता) के अनुरूप होता है। इस विषय में निम्नलिखित महत्त्वपूर्ण बातें याद रखने योग्य हैं।)

1. In the present tense of most English verbs the third person singular ends in -s, but there is no -5 on the third person plural.
(Present Tense में अंग्रेज़ी में III person एकवचन के अधिकतर verbs के पीछे ‘s’ लगता है। मगर III person plural के पीछे ‘s’ नहीं लगता।)
A cow eats grass.
Cows eat grass.

My friend likes swimming.
My friends like swimming.

The chief exceptions to this rule are he is- they are, where different words are used, and he does-they do, he goes—they go, where the singular ending is not -s, but -es, because the previous letter is a vowel. Can, may, must and ought, and the auxiliaries will and shall do not have -s on either the singular or the plural.
He will do it if you ask him.
They will do it if you ask them.

But when will is a full verb, and not an auxiliary, it follows the rule for most other verbs, and takes the ending -s on the third person singular.
Whatever God wills, man cannot alter.

Note that in verbs that end in y preceded by a consonant (fly, try, pity), the y is changed to an i and -es is added.
A bird flies.
He tries.
She pities the unfortunate child.

2. When the subject is one of, followed by a plural noun (one of the teachers, one of the employees), the verb is singular, to agree with one. There is often a temptation to make it agree with the plural noun that immediately precedes it, but this, is incorrect.
(जब subject हो one of और उसके बाद कोई बहुवचन संज्ञा (अध्यापकों में से एक, कर्मचारियों में से एक) हो तो one के अनुसार verb एकवचन ही रहता है। कई बार छात्र उस बहुवचन noun को देखते हुए बहुवचन क्रिया लगा देते हैं जो कि गलत है।)

One of my teachers lives next door to my aunt, (not live)
One of my friends has a fine collection of postage stamps, (not have)

3. If a clause or any other long group of words separates the subject from the verb, special care is necessary to remember the actual subject-word, and to make the verb agree with it.
(अगर कोई clause या शब्दों का समूह subject को verb से अलग करता है तो वास्तविक subject-word को ध्यान में रखकर verb को प्रयोग किया जाता है।)

All the books which have been placed on that table by the window need re-binding.
The radio which you gave my children works perfectly.

4. When the subject is the formal there, the verb agrees with the ‘real’ subject that follows it.
(जब subject औपचारिक There हो तो verb वास्तविक subject के अनुसार होता है जो इसके बाद आता है।)

There is no reason to doubt his honesty.
There are thirty pupils in our class. .

5. Normally, when a subject consists of two or more nouns, it has the force of a plural, and takes a plural verb.
(आमतौर पर जब कर्ता में दो या अधिक nouns हो तो इसमें बहुवचन की ताकत होती है और इसकी बहुवचन क्रिया होती है।)

John and Mary have gone for a holiday.
Barley, wheat and rice are cereals.

But when two or more nouns represent a compound name of one thing, then the compound is thought of as singular, and takes a singular verb.
(मगर जब दो या अधिक noun एक वस्तु के मिश्रित noun को बनाते हैं तो singular मानते हैं और एकवचन क्रिया लगाते हैं।)

Bread and butter is a wholesome food.
There’s eggs and bacon for breakfast.

6. Similarly when a plural number applies to distances, weights, heights or amounts of money, and represents a single figure or quantity, it is treated as a singular and takes a singular verb.
(इसी प्रकार जब कोई बहुवचन संख्या, दूरी, वजन, ऊँचाई या पैसों की राशि के बारे में हो और एक अंक या मात्रा को दर्शाता है तो उसे एकवचन माना जाता है और उसके बाद एकवचन क्रिया लगती है।)

Ten pounds is a lot of money, (not are)
Twenty miles is not a great distance in. these days of rapid travel, (not are)
Two pounds of coffee costs seven and sixpence, (not cost)

7. If the title of a literary work, or the name of a house or a hotel, is a plural, for purposes of agreement it is treated as a singular, since it is only one title or one building.
(अगर किसी साहित्यिक कृति का शीर्षक, किसी घर या होटल का नाम बहुवचन हो तो उसे एकवचन माना जाता है क्योंकि यह केवल एक शीर्षक तथा एक इमारत है।)

The Thirty-Nine Steps was written by John Buchan.
The Rose and, Crown is situated in the High Street.

Exercises For Practice (Solved)

Exercise 1

Insert the correct form of the present tense of the verb in the blank spaces in the following sentences. The verb to be used is given in brackets at the end of each sentence.

1. A new car a lot of money. (cost)
2. Most things more now than they did a few years ago. (cost)
3. Jet aeroplanes very fast. (fly)
4. An aeroplane more quickly than a bird. (fly)
5. The countryside very beautiful in spring. (look)
Answers :
1. A new car costs a lot of money. (cost)
2. Most things cost more now than they did a few years ago. (cost)
3. Jet aeroplanes fly very fast. (fly)
4. An aeroplane flies more quickly than a bird. (fly)
5. The countryside looks very beautiful in spring. (look)

Exercise 2

Fill in the blanks with is/am/are or with has/have :

1. People ………… waiting for new government.
2. Indian politics ………… very complex.
3. The public ………… in no mood to listen to him.
4. The sheep ………… a big source of wool.
5. A great number of students ………… waiting for their results.
Answers :
1. People are waiting for new government.
2. Indian politics is very complex.
3. The public is in no mood to listen to him.
4. The sheep is a big source of wool.
5. A great number of students are waiting for their results.

Exercise 3

Insert the correct form of the present tense of the verb in the blank spaces in the following sentences. The verb to be used is given in brackets at the end of each sentence.

1. Those children ………… very healthy (look).
2. One of the players ………… from the same village as myself, (come)
3. In Britain many workers ………… to work in their own cars, (go)
4. All the pupils in our school ………… English, (learn)
5. The owner of that factory ………… very rich and …………. in a large house, (be, live)
Answers :
1. Those children look very healthy (look).
2. One of the players comes from the same village as myself. (come)
3. In Britain many workers go to work in their own cars. (go)
4. All the pupils in our school learn English. (learn)
5. The owner of that factory is very rich and lives in a large house, (be, live)

Exercise 4

Fill in the blanks with is/am/are or with has/have :

1. Each of the matches ………… different from the other.
2. There ………… a group of public men waiting to see the CM.
3. The staff ………… agreed to work overtime.
4. Either he or his friends ………… going to win the prize.
5. Neither he nor I ………… keen to see this movie.
Answers :
1. Each of the matches is different from the other.
2. There is a group of public men waiting to see the CM.
3. The staff has agreed to work overtime.
4. Either he or his friends are going to win the prize.
5. Neither he nor I am keen to see this movie.

Exercise 5

Insert the correct form of the present tense of’the verb in the blank spaces in the following sentences. The verb to be used is given in brackets at the end of each sentence.

1. One of the pupils in our class ………… a motor cycle, (own)
2. Some people ………… travelling by sea, as it ………… them sea-sick, (dislike, make)
3. The postman ………… each morning with the letters, (call)
4. A snail ………… very slowly, (move)
5. All the books on that shelf ………… to me. (belong)
Answers :
1. One of the pupils in our class owns a motor cycle (own)
2. Some people dislike travelling by sea, as it makes them sea-sick. (dislike, make)
3. The postman calls each morning with the letters. (call)
4. A snail moves very slowly, (move)
5. All the books on that shelf belong to me. (belong)

Exercise 6

Fill in the blanks with is/am/are or with has/have :

1. A lot of pullution ………… caused by the noise of the factories.
2. Either your eyessight or your brackes ………… at fault.
3. Bread and butter ………… my main worry.
4. Mr. John or Mr. Samuel ………… likely to mave the resolution.
5. Either those children or Mohan ………… picked all the flowers.
Answers :
1. A lot of pullution is caused by the noise of the factories.
2. Either your eyessight or your brackes are at fault.
3. Bread and butter is my main worry.
4. Mr. John or Mr. Samuel is likely to mave the resolution.
5. Either those children or Mohan has picked all the flowers.

Exercise 7

Insert the correct form of the present tense of the verb in the blank spaces in the following sentences. The verb to be used is given in brackets at the end of each sentence.

1. Her aunt and uncle ………… a house in the country, (have)
2. Four ounces ………… the smallest quantity we sell, (be)
3. Apple pie and custard ………… my favourite dish, (be)
4. Ten miles ………… a long way to walk, (be)
5. The tallest on the three boys ………… next door to me. (live)
Answers :
1. Her aunt and uncle have a house in the country, (have)
2. Four ounces is the smallest quantity we sell, (be)
3. Apple pie and custard is my favourite dish, (be)
4. Ten miles is a long way to walk, (be)
5. The tallest on the three boys lives next door to me. (live)

Exercise 8

Fill in the blanks with is/am/are or with has/have:

1. Good and bad behaviour ………… inculcated by example.
2. Nobody, not even the teacher ………… present.
3. A boy with his sister and brother ………… standing at the door.
4. The chairman as well as the members ………… to blame for this misfortune.
5. What we now need ………… good government.
Answers :
1. Good and bad behaviour are inculcated by example.
2. Nobody, not even the teacher was present.
3. A boy with his sister and brother is standing at the door.
4. The chairman as well as the members are to blame for this misfortune.
5. What we now need are good government.

Exercise 9

Fill in the blanks with is/am/are or with has/have:

1. There ………… many rooms in that large hotel.
2. There ………… several pages missing from this book.
3. If you want some sugar, there ………… some in that basin.
4. There ………… eleven players in a football team.
5. There ………… nothing to be afraid of.
Answers :
1. There are many rooms in that large hotel.
2. There are several pages missing from this book.
3. If you want some sugar, there is some in that basin.
4. There are eleven players in a football team.
5. There is nothing to be afraid of.

Exercise 10

Fill in the blanks with is/am/are or with has/have:

1. What I say and do ………… none of your concern.
2. Billiards ………… a rich man’s game’.
3. The news from the war front ………… not very encouraging.
4. The police ………… issued the summons to the accused.
5. The Public ………… the right to know the truth.
Answers :
1. What I say and do is none of your concern.
2. Billiards is a rich man’s game’.
3. The news from the war front is not very encouraging.
4. The police have issued the summons to the accused.
5. The Public has the right to know the truth.

Exercise 11

Fill in the blanks with is/am/are or with has/have:

1. There ………… a cause for everything.
2. There ………… no lamps in this street.
3. There ………… several bookshops in our town.
4. There ………… little hope of his coming now.
5. There ………… a fierce dog in that yard.
Answers :
1. There is a cause for everything.
2. There are no lamps in this street.
3. There are several bookshops in our town.
4. There is little hope of his coming now.
5. There is a fierce dog in that yard.

Exercise 12

Fill in the blanks with is/am/are or with has/have:

1. Some members of his own party is likely to oppose him.
2. One who betrays others are sure to fail in life.
3. None of the issues raised by him have public support.
4. He who is steady are always a winner.
5. The jury is having dinner.
Answers :
1. Some members of his own party are likely to oppose him.
2. One who betrays others is sure to fail in life.
3. None of the issues raised by him has public support.
4. He who is steady is always a winner.
5. The jurv is having dinner.

Exercise 13

Fill in the blanks with is/am/are or with has/have:

1. Today none of the programmes ………… worth watching.
2. Neither of these two boys ………… my student.
3. Most of the members ………… present in the meeting.
4. A vast majority of the share holders ………… waiting for the. M.D.
5. Women Gymnastics ………… very popular in our college.
6. Each of the drawers ………… a separate key.
Answers :
1. Today none of the programmes is worth watching.
2. Neither of these two boys is my student.
3. Most of the members are present in the meeting.
4. A vast majority of the share holders is waiting for the. M.D.
5. Women Gymnastics is very popular in our college.
6. Each of the drawers has a separate key.

Exercise 14

Insert was or were after there in the following sentences.
1. There ………… a thunderstorm last night.
2. There ………… much damage done to the crops.
3. There ………… several people in the room.
4. There ………… an accident here last week.
5. There ………… many fine paintings at the exhibition.
Answers :
1. There was a thunderstorm last night.
2. There was much damage done to the crops.
3. There were several people in the room.
4. There was an accident here last week.
5. There were many fine paintings at the exhibition.

Exercise 15

Fill in the blanks with is/am/are or with has/have:

1. The commitee usually raises their hands to vote ‘Yes’.
2. Women gymnasts are very popular in our college.
3. Statistics were my worst subject.
4. The only people who are interested in this seem to lawyers.
5. Research and development entail a lot of cost.
Answers :
1. The commitee usually raise their hands to vote ‘Yes’.
2. Women gymnasts are very popular in our college.
3. Statistics is my worst subject.
4. The only people who are interested in this seem to lawyers.
5. Research and development entail a lot of cost.

Haryana State Board HBSE 9th Class English Solutions Grammar Adverbs Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 9th Class English Grammar Adverbs

What is an Adverb ?
An adverb adds to the meaning of a verb by telling its quality.
एक क्रिया-विशेषण किसी क्रिया का गुण बताकर उसके अर्थ को बढ़ाता है।
He ran fast.
She walks slowly
उपरोक्त वाक्यों में fast और slowly adverbs हैं।

Kinds of Adverb :

Adverbs are of three main classes.
(क्रिया-विशेषण मुख्यतः तीन प्रकार के होते हैं।)
1. Simple Adverbs
2. Interrogative Adverbs
3. Relative Adverbs

1. Simple Adverbs are of five kinds.
(साधारण Adverbs पाँच प्रकार के होते हैं।)

(i) Adverbs of Time indicate the time of an action; as,
Now, then, before, after, when, soon, immediately, presently, instandy, early, late, today, tomorrow, yet, still etc., are some of the ‘adverbs of time’.

You should go soon.
I met Mohan yesterday.
He is going at 5 p.m. today.
Though old you are still handsome.

(ii) Adverbs of Place indicate where an action is performed; as,
Here, there, hither, thither, then, within, without, above, somewhere, away, below, inside, outside etc. are some of the adverbs of place.

He came here.
She sat down.
He is not there.

(iii) Adverbs of Manner indicate where any style is performed; as,
Well, ill, slowly, quickly, happily, badly, etc. are some of the adverbs of manner. These adverbs answer the question “how”.

The dog ran swiftly.
She works carefully.
She speaks quickly.
He learnt english properly.

(iv) Adverbs of Number indicate how often an action is performed; as,
Once, twice, thrice, often, seldom, again, firsdy etc. are some of the adverbs of number. These adverbs answer the question “how often?” or “in what order ?”

Come again.
I meet him twice a week.
He seldom comes to me.

(v) Adverbs of Degree or Quantity indicate extent or degree and modify an adjective; as,
Very, quite, rather, too, almost, enough, partly, wholly, much, more, most, little, less etc. are some of the adverbs of degree or quantity.

He is quite careful about his health, whereas you are rather careless.
He is too weak to walk.

2. Interrogative Adverbs:

Interrogative Adverbs are used for asking questions ; as, why, when, where, how, how many. Why are you running ?
(कारण पूछना)

When will you meet your friend ? (समय पूछना)
Where will you stay ? (स्थान पूछना)
How many students were present ? (संख्या पूछना)
How much milk do you take daily ? (मात्रा पूछना)

3. Relative Adverbs:

Relative Adverbs are used for joining two sentences (like a conjunction).
They refer back to an antecedent (like a pronoun). These are all interrogative adverbs, but do not ask questions.

Relative adverbs also modify some verb.
He took me to the place where, he lived.
‘Where’ joins two sentences and refers to a place.

Formation of Adverbs:

(a) Adverbs are generally formed by adding ‘ly’. But some adverbs are formed differently. In some cases the form is identical with the adjective form.
क्रिया-विशेषण प्रायः शब्द के साथ ‘ly’ लगाकर बनते हैं। मगर कुछ Adverbs अलग ढंग से बनते हैं। कुछ मामलों में Adjective और Adverb का रूप एक-सा होता है।

This is an early train. (adjective)
He came early. (adverb)
This is my only pen. (adjective)
I only want your books. (adverb)

Note : Sometimes ‘ly’ is added to the adjective form (also used as adverb) but the two forms of adverbs are differently used. Sometimes they differ in meaning too, as, late, lately; quick, quickly; direct, directly, free, freely.

They work hard. (मेहनत से)
They hardly work. (शायद ही कभी)
She came home direct (सीधे)
Directly the bell went, she ran home. (एकदम)

(b) Adverbs are also formed by adding ‘ly’ to nouns; monthly, weekly, daily, fortnightly.

(c) Some adverbs are formed by adding suffixes to nouns, adjectives and adverbs; as, aside, away, besides, afloat, above, behind, below, hereby, therein, midnight, sometimes etc.

Use of Some Adverbs:

1. Quite, very

‘Quite’ conveys the sense of wholly. ‘Very’ conveys the sense of high degree.
The story is quite true.
He is very intelligent.

2. Very, much

‘Very’ modifies adjectives or adverbs in positive degree while ‘much’ modifies those in the ‘comparative degree’.
He is a very brave man.
This room is much better than that.
Similarly ‘very’ modifies a Present Participle, while ‘much’ modifies a Past Participle.
This is a very interesting book.
He was much interested in this book.
‘Very’ sometimes modifies the adverb ‘much’ as,
She was very much angry with me.

3. Since, ago, before

‘Since’ refers to a previous time till now : as,
The Postman has since come.
She. has since arrived.
‘Ago’ is used to suggest a span of time ending in the past; as,
I met him two years ago.
‘Before’ is used to suggest formerly; as,
I had never seen the circus before.

4. Too much, much too
‘Too much’ is used before a noun, while ‘much too’ is used before an adjective; as, He is much too strong for me.
Too much of anything is bad.

5. However and rather
‘However’ means ‘as much as can be’
However hard you may try, you cannot defeat me.
‘Rather’ means ‘somewhat’ :
She behaved rather rudely.

Exercises For Practice (Solved)

Exercise 1

Fill in the blanks with suitable adverbs out of the list given below ;
thrice, once, enough, always, seldom, quickly, fluently, yesterday, gently, here, there, eagerly, soundly, day before yesterday, never.

1. He can speak English …………. .
2. He went there …………. .
3. She talks …………. .
4. Please sit …………. .
5. Go …………. .
6. I met him …………. .
7. He is sleeping …………. .
8. …………. I saw a tiger.
9. He is …………. late
10. He …………. speaks the truth.
11. She is …………. absent.
12. They were …………. rich.
13. She is rich …………. to buy a car.
14. I shall teach you …………. a week
15. I have met him …………. .
Answers:
1. He can speak English fluently.
2. He went there yesterday.
3. She talks gently .
4. Please sit here .
5. Go quickly .
6. I met him day before yesterday .
7. He is sleeping soundly .
8. once I saw a tiger.
9. He is seldom late
10. He always speaks the truth.
11. She is never absent.
12. They were once rich.
13. She is rich enough to buy a car.
14. I shall teach you thrice a week
15. I have met him there.

Exercise 2

Fill in the blank with suitable interrogative adverbs:
1. …………. are you wasting your time?
2. …………. will he go to Delhi ?
3. …………. will you learn manners ?
4. …………. did you fare in the examination ?
5. …………. do you blame me ?
6. …………. boys were present in the haIl ?
7. …………. noble is your mother!
8. …………. big is your house ?
9. …………. tall is this building ?
10. …………. brothers are you ?
Answers :
1. Why are you wasting your time?
2. When will he go to Delhi ?
3. When will you learn manners ?
4. How did you fare in the examination ?
5. Why do you blame me ?
6. How many boys were present in the haIl ?
7. How noble is your mother!
8. How big is your house ?
9. How tall is this building ?
10. How many brothers are you ?

Exercise 3

Fill in the blanks with suitable relative adverbs :

1. He told me …………. the accident had taken place.
2. He does not know …………. the guests will arive.
3. This is the time …………. you should pay attention to studies.
4. This is die shop …………. you can buy anything.
5. He took me …………. the examination was held.
Answers :
1. He told me where the accident had taken place.
2. He does not know when the guests will arive.
3. This is the time when you should pay attention to studies.
4. This is die shop where you can buy anything.
5. He took me where the examination was held.

Exercise 4

Fill in the blanks by choosing adverbs from the list given below :
too, often, very, much, since, too much, ago, rather, however, quite, already, seldom, never, always.
1. He was …………. tired.
2. His services are …………. in demand.
3. The school broke up a fortnight ………….
4. I have not, met him …………. Monday.
5. They are …………. quick.
6. She is …………. good to cheat any one.
7. I meet him ………….
8. The novel is …………. interesting.
9. He is a …………. nice man.
10. …………. quick your actions, they don’t impress.
11. You should …………. tell a lie.
12. We should …………. speak the truth.
13. Barking dogs …………. bite.
14. My officer is …………. satisfied with my performance.
15. I have …………. finished my work.
16. I am …………. sony at your failuæ in the examination.
17. He is …………. happy in his new house.
18. it. is a …………. lonely place.
19. The patient is …………. better.
20. I have not met you ………….
21. He is …………. weak to walk.
22. She is …………. innocent to understand the ways of the world.
Answers :
1. He was very tired.
2. His services are much in demand.
3. The school broke up a fortnight ago.
4. I have not, met him since Monday.
5. They are very quick.
6. She is too good to cheat any one.
7. I meet him often.
8. The novel is very interesting.
9. He is a very nice man.
10. However quick your actions, they don’t impress.
11. You should never tell a lie.
12. We should always speak the truth.
13. Barking dogs seldom bite.
14. My officer is quite satisfied with my performance.
15. I have already finished my work.
16. I am very sony at your failuæ in the examination.
17. He is very happy in his new house.
18. it. is a rather lonely place.
19. The patient is much better.
20. I have not met you often.
21. He is too weak to walk.
22. She is too innocent to understand the ways of the world.

Exercise 5

Fill in the blanks with suitable degrees of the adverbs given in the brackets :

1. They behaved than their neighbours. (kindly)
2. He talked to me . than his brother. (rudely)
3. She speaks than her sister. (sweetly)
4. He gets up than his wife. (early)
5. He talks than his wife. (loudly)
6. He treats his servants than we do. (badly)
7. My father feels today. (better)
8. The Prime Minister’s house is guarded. (heavily)
9. My mother treats me than my father. (lovingly)
10. Of all runners Milkha Singh ran . (fast)
Answers :
1. more kindly
2. more rudely
3. more sweetly
4. earlier
5. more loudly
6. worse better
8. most heavily
9. more lovingly
10. the fastest.

Haryana State Board HBSE 9th Class English Solutions Grammar Modals Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 9th Class English Grammar Modals

What is a Modal?
Modals एक प्रकार की सहायक क्रियाएं हैं। ये main verb के साथ मिलकर कार्य करने के mode या तरीके को बताती हैं। ये योग्यता, अनुमति, संभावना, कर्तव्य जैसे विचारों को व्यक्त करती हैं। मुख्यतः will, shall, would, should, can, could, may, might, must, need, dare, ought to और used to आदि modal auxiliaries हैं।

Features of Modals (सहायक क्रियाओं की विशेषताएँ)
(a) Modals कभी अकेली नहीं आतीं। इनका प्रयोग सदा main verb के साथ किया जाता है; जैसे
You must do this work.
I can solve this sum.

(b) Subject के number, gender या person का modals पर कोई प्रभाव नहीं होता; जैस
I can go there.
We can go there.
You can go there.
They can go there.
He can go there.
She can go there.

(c) Modals के साथ verb की Ist form का प्रयोग होता है। परंतुought और used के साथ ‘to’ Infinitive का प्रयोग होता है; जैसे
He will leave for Mumbai today.
You should work hard.
I can help you.
We ought to serve our country.
He used to help me in the past

(d) Modals के साथ ‘be’ लगाने पर उसके बाद verb की Ist form और ing का प्रयोग करते हैं, जैसे
Sudha will be writing a letter.
I shall be travelling in a train tomorrow.
Poonam will be dancing.

(e) Modals के बाद ‘have’ लगने पर उसके बाद verb की IIIrd form का प्रयोग करते हैं, जैसे
He must have done this work.
He should have passed the test.
He may have gone to Delhi.

Uses of Modals:

1. SHALL

(i) Shall का प्रयोग Ist person (I, we) के साथ साधारण future tense को व्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है; जैसे
I shall know my result tomorrow.
We shall leave for Mumbai in the evening.

(ii) आदेश (command) के लिए second और third persons के pronouns के साथ; जैसे
You shall do as I say.
You shall not disobey your parents.

(iii) वचन (promise) को व्यक्त करने के लिए; जैसे
You shall get a prize.
You shall have a wrist watch on your birthday

(iv) बाध्यता या अनिवार्यता (compulsion or necessity) को व्यक्त करने के लिए; जैसे
You shall not enter the kitchen with dirty feet.
You shall not make a noise.

(v) संकल्प (determination) अथवा निश्चय (certainty) को व्यक्त करने के लिए; जैसे
He shall take revenge on his enemy.
He shall get good marks, I am sure.

(vi) प्रश्नवाचक वाक्यों (interrogative sentences) में shall का प्रयोग I/we के साथ किसी दूसरे के सामने अपनी सेवा . प्रस्तुत करने के लिए या प्रार्थना करने के लिए किया जाता है; जैसे
Shall I carry your heavy bag ?
Shall we go to see a film today ?

2. WILL

(i) Will का प्रयोग IInd और IIIrd person (you, he, she, they, it आदि) के साथ simple future tense को व्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है; जैसे
He will come here at Diwali.
They will never learn good manners.

(ii) प्रार्थना या निमंत्रण के लिए; जैसे
Will you open the door, please?
Will you have a cup of tea?

(iii) आदत के लिए; जैसे
A dog’s tail will never become straight.
He will never tell the truth.

(iv) Ist person (I/we) के साथ निश्चय (certainty) को व्यक्त करने के लिए; जैसे
I will write a letter to her in the evening.
We will visit the theatre next week.

(v) I/we के साथ संकल्प (determination) को व्यक्त करने के लिए, जैसे
I will get 1st division.
We will win the race.
I will become a great man one day.

(vi) ‘इच्छा’ (willingness) को व्यक्त करने के लिए; जैसे
I will come with you if you want.
I will help you in this matter.

(vii)आदेश (order) या निर्देश (instruction) को व्यक्त करने के लिए; जैसे
You will do as I say.
You will not beat your brother.

(viii) अनुमान या संभावना (inference or probability) को व्यक्त करने के लिए; जैसे
The boys in blue dress will be his brother.
By this time Mohan will be there.

(ix) शर्त वाले (conditional) वाक्य के लिए; जैसे
If you work hard, you will pass.
If you don’t run, you will miss the train.

(x) चेतावनी देने के लिए or या otherwise वाले वाक्यों में; जैसे
Work hard otherwise you will fail.
Run fast or you will miss the train.

3. SHOULD

(i) Indirect speech में shall के past tense के रूप में; जैसे-
I told him that I should help him.
He said that they should go there.

(ii) कर्त्तव्य (duty) की भावना प्रकट करने के लिए; जैसे-
We should obey our parents.
We should help the poor.

(iii) सलाह तथा सझाव (advice or suggestion) को व्यक्त करने के लिए; जैसे-
You should work hard.
You should take exercise.

(iv) Lest के पश्चात उद्देश्य (purpose) को व्यक्त करने के लिए; जैसे-
Work hard lest you should fail.
Walk carefully lest you should fall.

(v) नैतिक उत्तरदायित्व (moral obligation) को व्यक्त करने के लिए; जैसे-
You should not drink wine.
You should help your sister.

(vi) कल्पना (supposition), संभावना (possibility) तथा शर्त (condition) की भावना को व्यक्त करने के लिए; जैसे-
Should you see my brother ? Tell him to send me a good book.
I think you should win the championship.

(vii) अनुमान (assumption) की भावना को दर्शाने के लिए; जैसे-
She should be here by now.
They should have reached Delhi.

4. WOULD

(i) Indirect speech में will के past के रूप में; जैसे
He told me that he would go to Mumbai.
Mohan said that he would not do that work.

(ii) Past के किसी कार्य को करने की आदत को व्यक्त करने के लिए; जैसे
Gandhiji would spin for hours.
He would often study till late in the night.

(iii) विनम्र प्रार्थना (polite request) के लिए; जैसे
Would you open the door, please?
Would you lend me your bicycle for an hour?

(iv) किसी की इच्छा को जानने के लिए; जैसे
Would you have a cup of tea?
Would you like to come with me?

(v) कोरी कल्पना (wish) को व्यक्त करने के लिए; जैसे
Would that I were a king!
Would that my son were a hard worker!

(vi) असंभावित परिस्थिति (improbable condition) को व्यक्त करने के लिए; जैसे
If a thief came here, he would find only books.
If I got a lottery, I would be very happy.

(vii) दृढ़-निश्चय (determination) को व्यक्त करने के लिए; जैसे
He would have his own way.
I would buy that car at any cost.

(viii)अधिमान (preference) को बताने के लिए; जैसे
I would like to have coffee.
I would rather starve than beg.

5. CAN

(i) योग्यता (ability) को व्यक्त करने के लिए; जैसे

He can swim across the river.
Can you stand on your head ?

(ii) अनुमति (permission) देने के लिए; जैसे
You can see a film if you like.
You can go home if you have done your work.

(iii) अनुमति मांगने के लिए; जैसे
Can I use your dictionary?
Can I go home?

(iv) संभावना (possibility) को व्यक्त करने के लिए; जैसे
Death can come anytime.
He can reach here anytime.

(v) क्षमता या शक्ति (capacity or power) को व्यक्त करने के लिए; जैसे
I can lift this heavy table.
The headmaster can remit your fine.

6. COULD

(i) Indirect speech में can के past के रूप में; जैसे
Mohan said that he could solve the sum.
He asked me if I could help him.

(ii) Past की अनुमति (permission) को दर्शाने के लिए; जैसे
Father said that he could see the film.
She asked me if she could meet me.

(iii) Past की संभावना (possibility) को व्यक्त करने के लिए; जैसे
If he had money, he could buy a scooter.
I wondered whether the news could be true.

(iv) भूतकाल में क्षमता (capacity) या योग्यता (ability) को व्यक्त करने के लिए; जैसे
I could swim when I was young.
She could solve the sum when she was only five years old.

7. MAY

(i) औपचारिक अनुमति (formal permission) लेने या देने के लिए; जैसे
May I come in, Sir ? Yes, you may.
May I use your book? Yes, you may use it.

(ii) इच्छा (wish), प्रार्थना (prayer) या आशीर्वाद (blessing) को व्यक्त करने के लिए; जैसे
May you live long !
May I be able to cross the river !
May God bless her with a son!

(iii) संभावना (possibility) को व्यक्त करने के लिए; जैसे
There are clouds in the sky. It may rain.
Mohan may reach here anytime.

(iv) उद्देश्य (purpose) को बताने के लिए so that से पहले verb की Ist Form लगी होती है। जैसे
We eat so that we may live.
I go to school so that I may become a great man.

(v) अतीत की संभावना (Past possibility) को व्यक्त करने के लिए may have का प्रयोग होता है; जैसे
He may have reached Kanpur.
You may have heard about Akbar.

8. MIGHT

यह may का past रूप है। इसका प्रयोग निम्नलिखित अवस्थाओं में किया जाता है।
(i) भूतकाल में अनुमति लेने या देने के लिए; जैसे
I asked him if I might use his book.
My father told me that I might see a picture.

(ii) भूतकाल (past) में संभावना (possibility) को व्यक्त करने के लिए; जैसे
The doctor said that the patient might recover.

(iii) भूतकाल की इच्छर (wish) को व्यक्त करने के लिए; जैसे
I wished that I might pass the examination.
Mohan wished that his sister might win the race.

(iv) भविष्य काल में किसी क्षीण संभावना (remote possibility) को व्यक्त करने के लिए; जैसे
I might go to the market, but I am not sure.
He might come, if he gets time.
The prices might fall down a little.

(v) उद्देश्य को बताने के लिए; so that से पहले verb की 2nd form लगी होती है। जैसे
He died so that his country might survive.
He worked hard so that he might pass.
If he worked hard, he might get 1st prize.

9. MUST

(i) तीव्र आवश्यकता (dire necessity) को व्यक्त करने के लिए: जैसे
You must take an umbrella as it is raining.
We must run if we want to catch the train.

(ii) अनिवार्यता (compulsion) या बंधन (obligation) को व्यक्त करने के लिए कार्य न करने पर यदि सजा मिलने का प्रावधान हो; जैसे
A servant must obey his master.
We must obey the laws of our country.

(iii) दृढ़-संकल्प (determination) को व्यक्त करने के लिए; जैसे
I must finish this work by evening.
We must attack the enemy before day-break.

(iv) कर्त्तव्य (duty) को व्यक्त करने के लिए; जैसे
You must obey your parents.
We must serve our country.

(v) मनाही (prohibition) को व्यक्त करने के लिए; जैसे
We must not touch electricity.
You must not disobey your elders.
Children must not play on the road.

(vi) संभावना (possibility) को व्यक्त के लिए; जैसे
He must have reached Delhi,
She must have gone to bed by now.

10. OUGHT

Ought का प्रयोग should के स्थान पर किया जा सकता है, मगर इसके साथ ‘to’ का प्रयोग आवश्यक है। इसके प्रयोग निम्नलिखित हैं

(i) नैतिक एवं सामाजिक कर्त्तव्य (moral and social duty) के लिए; जैसे
We ought to obey our teachers.
You ought to help the poor and the needy.
We ought to take pity on the beggars.

(ii) सलाह (Advice) या सुझाब (Suggestion) को व्यक्त करने के लिए; जैसे
You ought to work hard for the examination.
You ought to consult the doctor.

(iii) Ought to + have + verb की IIIrd form के द्वारा यह व्यक्त किया जाता है कि कार्य होना चाहिए था, मगर हुआ नहीं; जैसे
You ought to have met the principal (but you did not).
You ought to have informed the police.

11. NEED

Need एक नियमित क्रिया भी है और एक modal भी। Modal के रूप में इसका प्रयोग केवल नकारात्मक (Negative) तथा प्रश्नवाचक (Interrogative) वाक्यों में होता है; जैसे
(i) आवश्यकता का न होना; जैसे
You needn’t take an umbrella as it has stopped raining.
You need not go on foot.

(ii) आवश्यकता के बारे में कोई प्रश्न पूछना; जैसे
Need you go home so soon? .
Need you speak so fast?
Need she run for catching the bus ?

12. DARE

Need की तरह dare का प्रयोग भी नियमित क्रिया एवं modal दोनों प्रकार से होता है। Modal के रूप में इसका प्रयोग केवल नकारात्मक (Negative) और प्रश्नवाचक (Interrogative) वाक्यों में निम्नलिखित रूप से होता है
(i) साहस का न होना; जैसे-
I dare not enter the Headmaster’s office.
The child dare not go into a dark room at night.

(ii) साहस के बारे में प्रश्न करना; जैसे
Dare you catch a lion by its tail?
How dare you insult me?

13. USED TO

Used to का प्रयोग निम्नलिखित अवस्थाओं में किया जाता है :

(i) भूतकाल की किसी आदत (past habitual action) को दशनि के लिए; जैसे
In the past people used to believe that the earth was flat.
Before marriage, he used to drink a lot.

(ii) भूतकाल में किसी वस्तु के अस्तित्व के लिए; जैसे-
There used to be a big building at the comer.
A fair used to be held in this ground every year.

Exercises For Practice (Solved)

Exercise 1

Fill in the blanks with the modals given in brackets.
1. We ……….. obey the rules, (must, should, could)
2. ……….. you wait for sometime ? (should, could, must)
3. This chair is very light. Even a small boy ……….. lift it. (can, could, must)
4. It is cloudy. It ……….. rain soon, (may, can, might)
5. A son ……….. obey his father, (can, must, should)
6. ……….. you get well soon! (can, may, should)
7. Anyone ……….. make mistakes, (can, must, should) .
8. We ……….. respect our parents, (can, may, should)
9. Asha asked if she ……….. bring her dog in. (can, may, might)
10. “……….. I go out ?” asked her son. (Will, Shall, May)
Answers :
1. We must obey the rules, (must, should, could)
2. Could you wait for sometime ? (should, could, must)
3. This chair is very light. Even a small boy can lift it. (can, could, must)
4. It is cloudy. It may rain soon, (may, can, might)
5. A son must obey his father, (can, must, should)
6. May you get well soon! (can, may, should)
7. Anyone can make mistakes, (can, must, should) .
8. We should respect our parents, (can, may, should)
9. Asha asked if she might bring her dog in. (can, may, might)
10. “May I go out ?” asked her son. (Will, Shall, May)

Exercise 2

Fill in the blanks with the modals given in brackets.
1. Pay your fees in time lest you be fined, (must, will, should)
2. The doctor said I give up smoking, (must, will, should)
3 you mind lending me your pen for a minute ? (would, could, may)
4. You do your work now. (can, may, must)
5. You not speak so loudly, (must, will, may)
6. My son be sixteen next month, (will, shall, can)
7. A judge be upright, (must, should, could)
8 you have a cup of coffee ? (will, can, must)
9. We obey our elders, (could, may, should) .
10.1 like to have coffee, (can, shall, would)
Answers:
1. should
2. should
3. Would
4. can
5. must
6. will
7. must
8. Will
9. should
10. would.

Exercise 3

Fill in the blanks with the modals given in brackets.
1. Walk fast lest you miss the train, (should, could, may)
2. A rat not eat a cat. (can, will, must)
3. I wish it stop raining, (could, would, should)
4. I climb a tree when I was young, (could, should, would)
5. You…. to respect your teachers, (should, ought, could)
6. You obey the rule of the road, (should, can, may)
7. It got so dark that we not see the path, (can, will, could)
8. If you have a ticket, you go inside, (could, may, would)
9. She work hard if she wants to top the class.
10. When I was younger I ran fast, (might, must, would)
Answers :
1. should
2. can
3. should
4. could
5. ought
6. should
7. could
8. may
9. must
10. wolud

Haryana State Board HBSE 9th Class English Solutions Grammar Reported Speech Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 9th Class English Grammar Reported Speech

निम्नलिखित वाक्यों को ध्यान से पढ़िए-
(a) Sudhir said to Rohan, “I am going to Delhi.”
(b) Sudhir told Rohan that he was going to Delhi.

इन वाक्यों से स्पष्ट होता है कि –
1. वाक्य (a) में सुधीर के शब्दों को ज्यों-का-त्यों दोहराया गया है। वक्ता के शब्दों को इस प्रकार व्यक्त करने के ढंग को Direct Speech कहते हैं।
2. वाक्य (b) में सुधीर के शब्दों का साराँश हमने अन्य शब्दों में दिया है। शब्दों के इस प्रकार के वर्णन को Indirect Speech कहते हैं।

कुछ महत्त्वपूर्ण बातें –
(i) वक्ता द्वारा कहे गए शब्दों को Reported Speech (रिपोर्टिड स्पीच) कहते हैं, जैसे-
“I am going to Delhi.”

(ii) वक्ता, जैसे वाक्य (a) में सुधीर को Subject of the reporting verb (रिपोर्टिंग वर्ब का कत्ता) कहते हैं।

(iii) जिसको वक्ता कुछ कहता है; जैसे वाक्य (a) में रोहन को Reporting Verb का Object (कर्म) कहते हैं।

(iv) Say, says, said तथा इनसे पहले आने वाली सहायक क्रियाओं को संयुक्त रूप से Reported Verb कहते हैं।

Direct Speech के बारे में कुछ तथ्य –
1. Reported Speech को Inverted Commas (“”) के अंदर रखा जाता है।
2. Reported Speech का पहला शब्द बड़े अक्षर (Capital letter) से आरंभ होता है।
3. Reported Verb के पश्चात सदा comma (,) लगाया जाता है।

Indirect Speech के बारे में कुछ तथ्य –
1. Reported Speech को Inverted Commas (” “) के अंदर नहीं रखा जाता है।
2. Reported Speech तथा Reported verb के बीच में comma नहीं होता।
3. Reported speech से पहले प्रायः That, if आदि का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
4. Reported Verb का Tense (काल) कभी नहीं बदलता।
5. Reported Speech को Direct से Indirect में बदलते समय उसमें प्रयुक्त Pronouns (सर्वनामों), words showing nearness (निकटता प्रकट करने वाले शब्दों) तथा इसके Tense (काल) आदि में कुछ परिवर्तन होता है।

Rules for Change of Tenses:

Rule
1. यदि Reporting Verb वर्तमान या भविष्यकाल में हो तो Reported Speech के Verb को नहीं बदलते; जैसे –
Direct: He tells me, “You will be a great man one day.
Indirect: He tells me that I will be a great man one day.

Direct: He will say, “I am very busy.”
Indirect: He will say that he is very busy. Rule

2. यदि Reporting Verb, Past Tense में हो तो Reported Speech के Verb को नीचे लिखे ढंग से बदलते हैं; जैसे –
(a) Present Indefinite Tense को Past Indefinite Tense में बदलते हैं, जैसे-

Direct: He said, “I live in Pindara.”
Indirect: He said that he lived in Pindara.

Direct: She said, “I want a pen.”
Indirect: She said that she wanted a pen.

(b) Present Continuous Tense को Past Continuous Tense में बदलते हैं; जैसे-
Direct: She said, “I am going to Delhi.”
Indirect: She said that she was going to Delhi.

Direct: Mohan said, “Radha is writing a letter.”
Indirect: Mohan said that Radha was writing a letter.

(c) Present Perfect Tense को Past Perfect Tense में बदलते हैं; जैसे-

Direct: He said, “Ram has won the match.”
Indirect: He said that Ram had won the match.

Direct: The teacher said, “Radha has passed.”
Indirect: The teacher said that Radha had passed.

(a) Present Perfect Continuous Tense को Past Perfect Continuous Tense में बदलते हैं; जैसे –

Direct: Mohan said, “The gardener has been watering the plants for one hour.
Indirect: Mohan said that the gardener had been watering the plants for one hour.”

Direct: The mother said, “The baby has been sleeping for ten minutes.
Indirect: The mother said that the baby had been sleeping for ten minutes.”

(e) Past Indefinite Tense को Past Perfect Tense में बदलते हैं; जैसे –

Direct: He said, “The thief came into the house.”
Indirect: He said that the thief had come into the house.

Direct: He said, “I helped the poor man.”
Indirect: He said that he had helped the poor man.

(f) Past Continuous Tense को Past Perfect Continuous Tense में बदलते हैं; जैसे –
Direct: He said, “I was writing a letter.”
Indirect: He said that he had been writing a letter.

Direct: I said, “The child was sleeping.”
Indirect: I said that the child had been sleeping.

(g) Past Perfect Tense को Past Perfect Tense में ही रखते हैं; जैसे-

Direct: He said, “I had done my work.”
Indirect: He said that he had done his work.

Direct: Mohan said, “I had done my homework.”
Indirect: Mohan said that he had done his homework.

(h) भविष्य को दर्शाने वाले ‘shall’ तथा ‘will’ को ‘should’ तथा ‘would’ में बदलते हैं; जैसे –

Direct: He said, “I will go to Delhi.”
Indirect: He said that he would go to Delhi.

Direct: I said, “I shall write a letter.”
Indirect: I said that I should write a letter.

(i) can को could और may को might में बदलते हैं; जैसे-

Direct: He said, “Mohan can solve the sum.”
Indirect: He said that Mohan could solve the sum.

Direct: The teacher said, “Ram may come in.”
Indirect: The teacher said that Ram might come in.

Exercise 1

Change the form of narration of the following sentences:

1. Radha said, “Mohan is singing a song.”
2. Mohan said, “Radha sings sweetly.”
3. She says, “You will be a great man one day.”
4. Rahul said, “Pooja is writing a letter.”
5. Ravi said, “My brother came from Delhi.”
6. She said, “Ram had done his work.” ‘
7. Sheela said, “I can swim.”
8. Poonam said, “Sonam has been sleeping for one hour.”
9. Sanjay Dutt said, “Salman Khan has done a good role.”
10. Dimple said, “Rudali is my best picture.”
Answers:
1. Radha said that Mohan was singing a song.
2. Mohan said that Radha sang sweetly.
3. She says that you will be a great man one day.
4. Rahul said that Pooja was writing a letter.
5. Ravi said that his brother had come from Delhi.
6. She said that Ram had done his work.
7. Sheela said that she could swim.
8. Poonam said that Sonam had been sleeping for one hour.
9. Sanjay Dutt said that Salman Khan had done a good role.
10. Dimple said that Rudali was her best picture.

Tense बदलने के नियमों का सार:

Exception (अपवाद):
यदि Reported Speech में सार्वभौमिक सत्य या किसी सामान्य आदत का वर्णन हो तो इसके Verb में परिवर्तन नहीं होता, चाहे Reporting Verb Past Tense में ही क्यों न हो।

Direct: The teacher said,“ The sun rises in the east.”
Indirect: The teacher said that the sun rises in the east.

Direct: Radha said, “Mohan takes exercise daily.”
Indirect: Radha said that Mohan takes exercise daily.

Direct: Meena said, “Honesty is the best policy.”
Indirect: Meena said that honesty is the best policy.

Direct: The teacher said, “The earth is round.”
Indirect: The teacher said that the earth is round.

Exercise 2

Change the form of narration in the following sentences:
1. The Guru said, “God is everywhere.”
2. The teacher said, “Rain falls from the clouds.”
3. My father said, “Truth always wins.”
4. The police officer said, “Crime never pays.”
5. Ravi said, “My father reads newspaper daily.”
Answers:
1. The Guru said that God is everywhere.
2. The teacher said that rain falls from the clouds.
3. My father said that the truth always wins.
4. The police officer said that crime never pays.
5. Ravi said that his father reads newspaper daily.

Pronouns (सर्वनाम) बदलने के नियमों का सार –
1. Reported Speech के First person के pronouns (I, my, me, we, our, us) Reporting Verb के Subject के अनुसार बदलते हैं।
2. Reported Speech के Second Person के pronouns (you, your) Reporting Verb के Object के अनुसार बदलते हैं।
3. Reported Speech के Third person के pronouns (he, she, it, any name) आदि को नहीं बदलते।

Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
1. You said, “I will go to Delhi.”	You said that you would go to Delhi.
2. He said, “I am a doctor.”	He said that he was a doctor.
3. He said, “I know Ram.”	He said that he knew Ram.
4. She said to me, “You are a fool.”	She told me that I was a fool.
5. Ram said, “Mohan did not write a letter.”	Ram said that Mohan had not written a letter.
6. Sohan said to me, “It is a beautiful garden.”	Sohan told me that it was a beautiful garden.
7. I said to him, “You are a good boy.”	I told him that he was a good boy.
8. Radha said, “He is a teacher.”	Radha said that he was a teacher.

Pronouns को बदलने की बात को याद रखने का सरल नियम।
1 2 3
SON
इसके अनुसार –
(a) 1′ अर्थात First Person के सर्वनाम आदि को ‘S’ अर्थात Reporting Verb के Subject के अनुसार बदलते हैं।
(b) 2′ अर्थात Second Person के सर्वनाम आदि को ‘0’ अर्थात Reporting Verb के Object के अनुसार बदलते हैं।
(c) 3′ अर्थात Third Person के सर्वनाम आदि को ‘N’ अर्थात नहीं बदलते (No change)।

निकटता प्रकट करने वाले शब्दों को बदलना –
Direct Speech को Indirect Speech में बदलते समय निकटता प्रकट करने वाले शब्दों को दूरी प्रकट करने वाले शब्दों में बदल दिया जाता है; जैसे-

Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
He said to me, “I shall help you tomorrow.”	He told me that he would help me the next day.
He said, “I saw a snake here.”	He said that he had seen a snake there.
She said, “My brother came yesterday;	She said that her brother had come the previous day.
He said,“I shall not go today.”	He said that he would not go that day.

Exercise 3

Change the narration in the following sentences:
1. Mohan said, “I will not go now.”
2. He said to me, “You can go now.”
3. Sohan said, “I shall go to Delhi today.”
4. He said, “Mohan will meet you tomorrow.”
5. Mohan said to me, “I lost my pen last night.”
6. Ram said, “These books are nice.”
7. Radha said, “My brother came here last week.”
8. I said to him, “You can take this book.”
9. Ratan said to me, “We shall go to Mumbai next week.”
10. My brother said, “I saw a film yesterday.”
Answers:
1. Mohan said that he would not go then.
2. He told me that I could go then.
3. Sohan said that he would go to Delhi that day.
4. He said that Mohan would meet you the next day.
5. Mohan told me that he had lost his pen the previous night.
6. Ram said that those books were nice.
7. Radha said that her brother had come there the previous week.
8. I told him that he could take that book.
9. Ratan told me that we should go to Mumbai next week.
10. My brother said that he had seen a film the previous day.

There are four Kinds of Sentences
वाक्य प्रायः चार प्रकार के होते हैं:
1. Assertive sentences या Simple statement.
2. Questions Or Interrogative sentences.
3. Imperative sentences.
4. Optative (इच्छासूचक) sentences and exclamatory (विस्मयसूचक) वाक्य।

I. Assertive Sentences.

Assertive Sentences (साधारण) वाक्यों का बदलना-
1.अगर Reporting Verb का Object न हो (अर्थात say आदि के पश्चात ‘to’ न हो) तो इसे नहीं बदला जाता।
2. अगर Reporting Verb का Object हो (अर्थात say आदि के पश्चात ‘to’ हो) तो says to तथा said to को tells या told में बदला जाता है।
3. Inverted Commas (“”) को हटा दिया जाता है।
4.Reporting Verb तथा Reported speech को अलग करने वाले Comma को हटाकर इसके स्थान पर ‘that’ लिखा जाता है।
5. Reported Speech के काल, निकटता प्रकट करने वाले शब्दों तथा सर्वनामों आदि को नियमानुसार बदला जाता है।
6. अगर Direct Narration के वाक्य में Reporting Verb का कोई Object न हो तो Reported Speech में आए Second Person के सर्वनामों आदि को प्रायः Third Person में बदल दिया जाता है।

Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
1. Rajiv said, “We are moving into a new house.”	Rajiv said that they were moving into a new house.
2. The servant says, “Lunch is ready.”	The servant says that lunch is ready.
3. Sita said, “Ram is my husband.”	Sita said that Ram was her husband
4. Mohan said, “I met this girl yesterday.”	Mohan said that he had met that girl the previous day.
5. He said to me, “I am speaking the truth.”	He told me that he was speaking the truth.
6. Ramesh said, “I came here yesterday.”	Ramesh said that he had come there the previous day.
7. He said, “I have won a lottery today.”	He said that he had won a lottery that day.
8. He said to me, “You can do it well.”	He told me that I could do it well.
9. Radha said, “He will go now.”	Radha said that he would go then.
10. Mother said, “Tea is ready.”	Mother said that tea was ready.

Exercise 4

Change the following into Indirect Speech:
1. She said to her mother, “It is no longer safe to live here.”
2. The old man says to his son, “I need some money.”
3. The crow will say, “I cannot sing so well.”
4. Kiran said to me, “It is my doll.”
5. John said to me, “I hope to win this prize.”
6. I said to Anil, “You are not coming to school regularly.”
7. “Last week our school won a football match,” said Mohan to Leela.
8. The teacher says to the boys, “You can play now.”
9. Rahim said to his brother, “Fortune favours the brave.”
10. Rahul said to me, “I posted your letter.”
11. I said to him, “If you run, you can catch this bus.”
12. Father said to Gopal, “God is everywhere.”
Answers:
1. She told her mother that it was no longer safe to live there.
2. The old man tells his son that he needs some money.
3. The crow will say that it cannot sing so well.
4. Kiran told me that it was her doll.
5. John told me that he hoped to win that prize.
6. I told Anil that he was not coming to school regularly.
7. Mohan told Leela that the previous week their school had won a football match.
8. The teacher tells the boys that they can play then.
9. Rahim told his brother that fortune favours the brave.
10. Rahul told me that he had posted my letter.
11. I told him that if ne ran, he could catch that bus.
12. Father told Gopal that God is everywhere.

Exercise 5

Change the narration in the following sentences:
1. He said, “I do not like coffee.”
2. My teacher says to me, “You are a brilliant student.”
3. Radha said, “I will marry Krishan.”
4. The teacher said, “The sun sets in the west.”
5. My father says, “You can be a good player.”
6. Mohan said to me, “I met your brother yesterday.”
7. He said to me, “You may go to your village now.”
8. He said, “My brother is sleeping.”
9. They said, “The captain will not play the match.”
10. Ram said, “I have done my work.”
Answers:
1. He said that he did not like coffee.
2. My teacher tells me that I am a brilliant student.
3. Radha said that she would marry Krishan.
4. The teacher said that the sun sets in the west.
5. My father says that I can be a good player.
6. Mohan told me that he had met my brother the previous day.
7. He told me that I might go to my village then.
8. He said that his brother was sleeping. .
9. They said that the captain would not play the match.
10. Ram said that he had done his work.

II. Interrogative Sentences

Interrogative Sentences या Questions को Direct Speech से Indirect Speech में बदलने के नियम-
1. Reporting Verb ‘say’ को ‘ask’, ‘demand’, ‘enquire’ या ‘inquire’ आदि में बदला जाता है।

2. ‘Ask’ के बाद Reporting Verb के Object से पहले to’ का प्रयोग नहीं किया जाता। लेकिन ‘demand’, ‘enquire’ या inquire’ के बाद और Reporting Verb के Object से पहले ‘of’ का प्रयोग करते हैं।

3. यदि Direct Question किसी सहायक क्रिया (is, am, are, was, were, shall, should, will, would, can, could, may, might, do, does, did, have, has, had, must, ought; need, dare आदि) से आरंभ हो तो Indirect Question से पहले Conjunction के रूप में ‘if’ या ‘whether’ का प्रयोग होता है।

4. अगर Direct Question किसी Question Word (what, where, why, which, who, whom, how आदि) से आरंभ हो तो Indirect Question से पूर्व ‘if’ या ‘whether’ आदि किसी भी Conjunction का प्रयोग नहीं होता।

5. Direct Speech के Question को Statement (Assertive Sentence) में बदल दिया जाता है, अर्थात सहायक क्रियाओं का प्रयोग Subject के बाद किया जाता है और प्रश्नचिह्न (?) के स्थान पर full stop (.) का प्रयोग किया जाता है।

6. अगर Direct Question ‘do’, ‘does’ या ‘did’ से आरंभ हो तो Indirect Question में इनका प्रयोग नहीं करते। और do या does को हटाकर verb की Ist Form को verb की 2nd Form में बदल देते हैं तथा Did को हटाकर verb की Ist Form को had + verb की 3rd Form में बदल देते हैं।

7. Direct Speech के Inverted Commas तथा Reporting Verb और Reported Speech को अलग करने वाले Comma को हटा दिया जाता है।

8. Words showing Nearness, Tenses तथा Pronouns आदि नियमानुसार बदल दिए जाते हैं।

Exercises For Practice (Solved)

Direct	Indirect
1. She said to him, “Why did you keep me # waiting?”	She asked him why he had kept her waiting.
2. The policeman said to Ram, “Did you go out yesterday?”	The.policeman asked Ram if (whether) he had gone out the previous day.
3. He said to me, “Have you heard this story?”	He asked me if (whether) I had heard that story.
4. He said to me, “May I take your pen?”	He asked me if he might take my pen.
5. The teacher said to him, “When did the bus leave?”	The teacher asked him when the bus had left.
6. He said to me, “Have you taken your lunch?”	He asked me if I had taken my lunch.
7. Her father said to Simon, “Why do you want to carry the dowry with you?”	Her father asked Simon why he wanted to carry the dowry with him.
8. The mother said to the little boy, “Can you take your little sister to Holland?”	The mother asked the little boy if he could take his little sister to Holland
9. The doctor said to me, “How is your mother?”	The doctor asked me how my mother was.
10. She said to me, “Are you going to Pindara?”	She asked me if (whether) I was going to Pindara.
11. I said to Ram, “Do you know Sita?”	I asked Ram if he knew Sita.
12. The shopkeeper said to Mrs. Kapoor, “Do you want the red sari?”	The shopkeeper asked Mrs. Kapoor if she wanted the red sari.
13. The Postmaster said to Lencho, “Why are you sad?”	The Postmaster asked Lencho why he was sad.
14. The landlady wondered, “Why does Griffin wear bandages on his face?”	The landlady wondered why Griffin wore bandages on his face.
15. Akbar said to Tansen, “Can you make your Guru sing?”	Akbar asked Tansen if he could make his Guru sing.

Exercise 6

Change the following sentences into indirect speech:
1. She said to me, “Are you going to Agra tomorrow?”
2. He said to me, “Can you meet me at the bus stand?”
3. I said to Mohini, “Will you dine with me tonight?”
4. The mother said, “What do you want, my children?”
5. The teacher said, “Boys, why are you making a noise?”
6. The lion said to the mouse, “Why were you jumping on me?”
7. The pupil said, “May I go out to take water, Sir?”
8. The boss said to the clerk, “Are you satisfied with your salary?”
9. She said to me, “Do you know Sushmita Sen?”
10. Mohan said to me, “Do you know that Sumit has won the prize?”
Answers:
1. She asked me whether I was going to Agra the next day.
2. He asked me if I could meet him at the bus stand.
3. I asked Mohini if she would dine with me that night.
4. The mother asked her children what they wanted.
5. The teacher asked the boys why they were making a noise.
6. The lion asked the mouse why it had been jumping on him.
7. The pupil asked the teacher respectfully if he might go out to take water.
8. The boss asked the clerk whether he was satisfied with his salary.
9. She asked me if I knew Sushmita Sen.
10. Mohan asked me if I knew that Sumit had won the prize.

Exercise 7

Change the following sentences into indirect speech:
1. “May I come with you?” said Rajiv to me.
2. Shyam said to Ashok, “Where do you live?”
3. The shopkeeper said to me, “Can I help you?”
4. He said to me, “Have you heard this story before?”
5. Anil said to me, “Why have you come here?”
6. I said to Amar, “Will you return my book tomorrow?”
7. The landlord said to Sohan, “Why haven’t you paid the rent?”
8. The teacher said to the boy, “Why are you roaming about?”
9. The little boy said, “May I sleep with you tonight, mother?”
10. I said to Radha, “Did you meet Vibha yesterday?”
Answers:
1. Rajiv asked me if he might come with me.
2. Shyam asked Ashok where he lived.
3. The shopkeeper asked nle if he could help me.
4. He asked me if I had heard that story before.
5. Anil asked me why I had come there.
6. I asked Amar if he would return my book the next day.
7. The landlord asked Sohan why he hadn’t paid the rent.
8. The teacher asked the boy why he was roaming about.
9. The little boy asked his mother if he might sleep with her that night.
10. I asked Radha whether she had met Vibha the previous day.

Exercise 8

Change the following sentences into indirect speech:
1. The policeman said to me, “Whom do you want to see?”
2. Radha said to Anuradha, “When will you give me your book?”
3. She said to him, “Why don’t you mend your ways?”
4. Mother said, “Who is knocking at the door, Sohan?”
5. The policeman said to me, “Did you see any man running in the street?”
6. I said to policeman, “Who stole my scooter?”
7. Ravi said to his guest, “What will you have?”
8. The beggar said to Ram Lai, “Can you give me something to eat?”
9. He said to me, “Did you promise to meet me yesterday?”
10. The captain said to the soldiers, “How will you cross this dangerous river?”
Answers:
1. The policeman asked me whom I wanted to see.
2. Radha asked Anuradha when she would give her her book.
3. She asked him why he didn’t mend his ways.
4. Mother asked Sohan who was knocking at the door.
5. The policeman asked me if I had seen any man running in the street.
6. I asked the policeman who had stolen my scooter.
7. Ravi asked his guest what he would have.
8. The beggar asked Ram Lai if he could give him something to eat.
9. He asked me if I had promised to meet him the previous day.
10. The captain asked the soldiers how they would cross that dangerous river.

III. Imperative Sentences

आज्ञासूचक वाक्यों को Direct से Indirect Speech में बदलने के लिए निम्नलिखित बातों को ध्यान में रखें
Rule 1.
Reporting Verb को भावों के अनुसार tell, ask, request, order, beg, command, forbid आदि में बदला जाता है।
1. उपदेश वाले वाक्यों में said to को advised में बदला जाता है।
2. आदेश वाले वाक्यों में said to को ordered में बदला जाता है।
3. प्रार्थना वाले वाक्यों में said to को requested में बदला जाता है।
4. याचना वाले वाक्यों में said to को begged में बदला जाता है।
5. साधारण Imperative वाक्यों में said to को asked में बदला जाता है।
6. नकारात्मक वाक्यों में said to को forbade में बदल दिया जाता है। याद रहे कि forbade के बाद ‘not’ का प्रयोग नहीं किया जाता।

Rule 2.
Comma को हटाकर उसके स्थान पर ‘to’ शब्द का प्रयोग किया जाता है। ‘to’ के बाद verb की पहली form का प्रयोग करते हैं।
7. ‘Let’ वाले वाक्यों का भावार्थ अगर ‘अनुमति’ हो तो ‘Let’ को ‘to let’ या ‘might be allowed to’ में बदला जाता है। ‘Let’ को ‘should’ में बदला जाता है।
8. ‘Let’ वाले वाक्यों का भावार्थ अगर ‘सुझाव’ या ‘प्रस्ताव’ हो तो Reporting Verb ‘say’ को Suggest to + Object या Propose to + object में बदला जाता है। तथा ‘Let’ को ‘should’ में बदलकर इसे subject के बाद लगाया जाता है।
9. ‘Let us’ वाले वाक्यों का भावार्थ अगर ‘सुझाव’ या ‘प्रस्ताव’ हो तो Reported Speech के ‘us’ को निम्नलिखित ढंग से बदला जाता है-
(a) अगर Reporting Verb का Subject या Object उत्तम पुरुष (First Person) हो तो ‘us’ को ‘we’ में बदला जाता है।
(b) अगर Reporting Verb का Subject या Object मध्यम पुरुष (Second Person) हो तो ‘us’ को ‘you’ में बदला जाता है।
(c) बाकी सभी अवस्थाओं में ‘us’ को ‘they’ में बदला जाता है।

Rule 3.
Reported Speech में यदि do not या never शब्द हों तो Inverted Commas को हटाकर not to या never to लगा दिया जाता है। परंतु जब said to को forbade में बदलें तो do not तथा never को हटाकर उनके स्थान पर केवल ‘to’ ङ्के शब्द का प्रयोग किया जाना चाहिए।

Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
1. He said to me, “Help the poor.”	He asked me to help the poor.
2. The mother said to Leela, “Do not waste your time.”	The mother advised Leela not to waste her time. Or The mother forbade Leela to waste her time.
3. Harish said to Mohan, “Listen to what I say.”	Harish asked Mohan to listen to what he said.
4. I said to my father, “Allow me to go on an educational trip, please.”	I requested my father to allow me to go on an educational trip.
5. The commander said to his men, “March forward.”	The commander ordered his men to march forward.
6. He said to me, “Open the door.”	He ordered me to open the door.
7. The teacher said to the boys, “Obey your parents.”	The teacher advised the boys to obey their parents.
8. He said to me, “Put it on the table.”	He asked me to put it on the table.
9. “Work hard if you want to pass,” said the teacher.	The teacher advised him to work hard if he wanted to pass.
10. Father said to his son, “Do not mix up with bad boys.”	Father advised his son not to mix up with bad boys.

Exercise 9

Change into Indirect Speech:
1. I said to Anil, “Look at the map.”
2. He said to me, “Help the poor.”
3. The mother said to Sita, “Do not waste your time.”
4. Radha said to Reeta, “Do what I say.”
5. I said to my teacher, “Allow me to meet my uncle.”
6. “Work hard if you want to pass,” said the teacher.
7. Father said to his son, “Do not waste time.”
8. The beggar said to the traveller, “Give me some money, please.”
Answers:
1. I asked Anil to look at the map.
2. He advised me to help the poor.
3. The mother advised Sita not to waste her time.
4. Radha asked Reeta to do what she said.
5. I requested my teacher to allow me to meet my uncle.
6. The teacher advised the students to work hard if they wanted to pass.
7. Father advised his son not to waste time.
8. The beggar requested the traveller to give him some money.

Exercise 10

Change the following into Indirect Speech:
1. The Principal said to the peon, “Bring the file to me.”
2. The Headmaster said to the peon, “Ring the bell.”
3. I said to him, “Please don’t smoke here.”
4. She said to the servant, “Open the door.”
5. He said to his son, “Never tell a lie.”
6. The captain said to the soldiers, “Fire at the enemy.”
7. Ram said to Mohan, “Listen to what I say.”
8. The manager said to the servant, “Go and post this letter.”
9. The teacher said to the students, “Work regularly.”
10. Mother said to her son, “Do what you are told. ”
11. The captain said to the soliders, “March forward and take your positions.”
12. Harindra said to me, “Please help me in this matter.”
13. She said to her son, “Do not play with bad boys.”
14. Ram said to me, “Please lend me five rupees.”
15. Krishan said to Radha, “Give me some milk.”
Answers:
1. The Principal ordered the peon to bring that file to him.
2. The Headmaster ordered the peon to ring the bell.
3. I requested him not to smoke there.
4. She ordered the servant to open the door.
5. He advised his son never to tell a lie.
6. The captain ordered the soldiers to fire at the enemy.
7. Ram asked Mohan to listen to what he said.
8. The manager ordered the servant to go and post that letter.
9. The teacher advised the students to work regularly.
10. Mother ordered her son to do what he was told.
11. The captain ordered the soldiers to march forward and take their positions.
12. Harindra requested me to help him in that matter.
13. She advised her son not to play with bad boys.
14. Ram requested me to lend him five rupees.
15. Krishan asked Radha to give him some milk.

Exercise 11

Change the form of narration in the following sentences:
1. I said to him, “Let us play in the garden. ”
2. Mohan said to me, “Let us take tea.”
3. I said to him, “Please let me come in.”
4. I said to him, “Let the child sleep.”
5. She said to Mohan, “Let us go home.”
Answers:
1. I proposed to him that we should play in the garden.
2. Mohan proposed to me to take tea.
3. I requested him to let me come in.
4. I asked him to let the child sleep.
5. She proposed to Mohan that they should go home.

IV. Exclamatory Sentences

Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
1. The captain said, “Hurrah ! We have won the match.”	The captain exclaimed with joy that they had won the match.
2. The oldman said, “Alas ! I am ruined.”	The oldman exclaimed with sorrow that he was ruined.
3. The captain said, “Bravo ! Well done, boys.”	The captain applauded the boys saying that they had done well.
4. She said, “What a clever boy !”	She exclaimed with wonder that he was a very clever boy.
5. I said, “How tall you are !”	I exclaimed with wonder that you are very tall.
6. She said to me, “Goodbye !”	She bade me goodbye.
7. I said to him, “Good morning !”	I wished him good morning.

Exercise 12

Change the following into Indirect Speech:
1. Sita said, “Hurrah ! I have topped the class.”
2. My brother said, “Alas ! My new pen has lost.”
3. The commander said to the soldiers, “Bravo ! March-forward.”
4. She said to me, “Thank you !”
5. I said to my friend, “Congratulations !”
6. He said, “What a nice picture !”
7. I said, “What a high six !”
8. He said to me, “Welcome !”
9. Anil said, “How foolishly you acted !”
10. I said to Mohan, “What a powerful shot it is !”
Answers:
1. Sita exclaimed with joy that she had topped the class. .
2. My brother exclaimed with sorrow that his new pen had lost.
3. The commander applauded the soldiers saying to march-forward.
4. She thanked me.
5. I congratulated my friend.
6. He said that it was a very nice picture.
7. I exclaimed with wonder that it was a very high sixer.
8. He welcomed me.
9. Anil regretted that he had acted very foolishly.
10. I told Mohan exclaiming with wonder that it was a very powerful shot.

V. Opetative Sentences

Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
1. I said, “May our teacher live long !”	I prayed that our teacher might live long.
2. The beggar said, “May God bless you !”	The beggar wished that God might bless me/him.
3. He said, “Would that I were a bird !”	He wished that he had been a bird.
4. He said to me, “May you win a scholarship !”	He wished that I might win a scholarship.
5. They said, “May her soul rest in peace !”	They prayed that her soul might rest in peace.

Haryana State Board HBSE 9th Class English Solutions Grammar Change of Voice Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 9th Class English Grammar Change of Voice

अंग्रेजी में Voices दो प्रकार के होते हैं :
1. Active Voice : जब वाक्य का कर्ता (Subject) कार्य करता है तो उस वाक्य का verb (क्रिया) Active Voice में होता है।
2.Passive Voice: जब वाक्य का कर्ता (Subject) कार्य नहीं करता, बल्कि उस(कत्ता) पर कार्य किया जाता है तो उस वाक्य का verb (क्रिया) Passive Voice में होता है। वाक्यों में subject (कत्ता) की बजाए object (कम) पर अधिक महत्त्व दिया जाता है।

Example:
Active : Mohan wrote a letter. (मोहन ने एक पत्र लिखा।)
Passive : A letter was written by Mohan. (मोहन द्वारा एक पत्र लिखा गया।)

उपर्युक्त दोनों वाक्यों का अर्थ वास्तव में एक ही है। मगर पहले वाक्य में subject (Mohan) कार्य करने वाला है अर्थात् पत्र को लिखा। मगर दूसरे वाक्य में subject ने कोई कार्य नहीं किया बल्कि कार्य उस पर किया गया अर्थात् पत्र को लिखा गया। दूसरे शब्दों में, हमने अब पहले वाक्य के object को subject बनाकर उसको अधिक महत्त्व दिया है। इसलिए पहला वाक्य Active Voice का है और दूसरा वाक्य Passive Voice का है।

Active Doice से Passive Doite बनाने के सामान्य नियम :
Active Voice से Passive Voice बनाने के लिए वाक्य में नीचे लिखे चार मुख्य परिवर्तन किए जाते हैं-
1. Subject को Object में बदल देते हैं और Object को Subject में।
2. Verb ‘be’ के किसी रूप (is, am, are, was, were, being. been) का प्रयोग करते हैं और साथ में मुख्य verb की IIIrd form का प्रयोग होता है।
3. Subject को Object बनाने पर इससे पहले “by” preposition का प्रयोग करते हैं।

नोट – कभी कभी ‘by’ के स्थान पर किसी अन्य Preposition जैसे with, in, to, at, in आदि का भी प्रयोग किया जा सकता है।
4. अगर वाक्य में दो Object हों तो उनमें से किसी को भी Subject बनाया जा सकता है। पहले Subject और Object के आपसी परिवर्तन और verb “be” के रूपों का अध्ययन अच्छी प्रकार कर लें।

Subject और Object के आपसी परिवर्तन और 3 का प्रयोग :
1. अगर subject कोई सर्वनाम (Pronoun) है, तो उसे objective case में बदल देना चाहिए; जैसे-
1 को me में बदलते हैं।
We को us में बदलते हैं।
You को you ही रहने देते हैं।
He को him में बदलते हैं।
She को her में बदलते हैं।
It को it ही रहने देते हैं।
They को them में बदलते हैं।

नोट:
(a) Noun दोनों अवस्थाओं अर्थात् subject और object में एक-जैसा रहता है; जैसे Mohan को by Mohan में बदल देंगे।
(b) Object को Subject में बदलने के लिए उपयुक्त नियमों को उलट दीजिए; जैसे me का । बन जाएगा और us का we आदि।

2. My आदि pronouns का रूप objective case में नहीं बदला जाता; जैसे My friend, our mother, his father का by my friend, by our mother, by his father आदि ही बनता है।

नोट – किसी tense को passive में बदलने के लिए क्या नियम लागू होते हैं। यह आगे विस्तार से समझाया गया है। विद्यार्थी tense को बदलने के सब नियमों को संक्षेप में जानने के लिए आगे दी गई Table (तालिका) का अध्ययन करें।

Change Of Tense From Active To Passive Voice :

Note : The sentences of Present Perfect Continuous tense, Past Perfect Continuous Tense, Future Continuous tense and the Future Perfect Continuous Tense cannot be changed into Passive voice.

Assertive Sentences

I. Present Indefinite Tense

नियम : Present Indefinite Tense वाक्यों को Passive Voice से Active Voice में बदलने के लिए is,am,are तथा verb की IIIrd form का प्रयोग होता है।

Active Voice	Passive Voice
1. Radha writes a letter.	A letter is written by Radha.
2. Sita sings a song.	A song is sung by Sita.
3. They make chairs.	Chairs are made by them.
4. You help her.	She is helped by you.
5. Mohan does not do this work.	This work is not done by Mohan.
6. He plays cricket.	Cricket is played by him.

Exercise 1

Change the following into passive voice :
1. He teaches English.
2. I take exercise.
3. The cat kills a rat.
4. Sonia sings a song.
5. The writer writes a story.
6. A cow eats grass.
7. Renu does not eat apples.
8. He drives a car.
9. The peon rings the bell.
10. I see a picture.
Answers :
1. English is taught by him.
2. Exercise is taken by me.
3. A rat is killed by the cat.
4. A song is sung by Sonia.
5. A story is written by the writer.
6. Grass is eaten by a cow.
7. Apples are not eaten by Renu.
8. A car is driven by him.
9. The bell is rung by the peon.
10. A picture is seen by me.

Exercise 2 (For Practice)

Change the following into passive voice :

1. Ram Lai helps the poor boy.
2. We decorate the house.
3. He respects his teachers.
4. The workers build a house.
5. Sita washes clothes.
6. The watchman watches my houses.
7. I do not see films.
8. Mohan buys a book.
9. He does not hear me.
10. We finish pur work.

II. Present Continuous Tense

नियम : Present Continuous Tense के वाक्यों को Active Voice से Passive Voice में बदलने के लिए is,am,are + being तथा verb की IIIrd form का प्रयोग होता है।

Active Voice	Passive Voice
1. He is writing a letter.	A letter is being written by him.
2. They are asking questions.	Questions are being asked by them.
3. He is running a race.	A race is being run by him.
4. Pakistan is making an atom bomb.	An atom bomb is being made by Pakistan.
5. She is telling a story.	A story is being told by her.
6. Mohan is teaching me.	I am being taught by Mohan.
7. Radha is buying toys.	Toys are being bought by Radha.
8. The gardener is watering the plants.	The plants are being watered by the gardener.

Exercise 3

Change the following into passive voice :

1. Amit is celebrating his birthday.
2. The boys are decorating the hall.
3. He is hanging balloons.
4. She is cutting the cake.
5. People are congratulating her.
6. Sohan is reading a book.
7. They are washing clothes.
8. He is building a house.
9. He is teaching his younger brother.
10. Ram is cleaning the table.
Answers :
1. His birthday is being celebrated by Amit.
2. The hall is being decorated by the boys,
3. Balloons are being hung by him.
4. The cake is being cut by her.
5. She is being congratulated by people.
6. A book is being read by Sohan.
7. Clothes are being washed by them.
8. A house is being built by him.
9. His younger brother is being taught by him.
10. The table is being cleaned by Ram.

Exercise 4 (For Practice)

Change the following into passive voice :

1. You are wasting your time.
2. Mohan is making a chair.
3. She is playing badminton.
4. My father is writing a book.
5. The peon is ringing the bell.
6. The teacher is writing the answer.
7. A magician is showing a trick.
8. Sudhir is beating his brother.
9. The servant is fanning the master.
10. He is watching a film.

III. Present Perfect Tense

नियम : Present Perfect Tense के वाक्यों को Passive Voice में बदलने के लिए has been या have been तथा verb की IIIrd form का प्रयोग करते हैं।

Active Voice	Passive Voice
1. He has sung the song.	The song has been sung by him.
2. He has written a letter.	A letter has been written by him.
3. Ram has done his work.	His work has been done by Ram.
4. I have cut the tree.	The tree has been cut by me.
5. You have cheated me.	I have been cheated by you.
6. Ram has helped me.	I have been helped by Ram.
7. Sita has seen the picture.	The picture has been seen by Sita.
8. He has killed a lion.	A lion has been killed by him.

Exercise 5

Change the following into passive voice :
1. He has cut the cake.
2. He has decorated the hall.
3. People have congratulated him.
4. He has shown a trick.
5. Ram has painted a picture.
6. He has read a book.
7. They have washed the clothes.
8. He has built a house.
9. He has taught his brother.
10. Ram has cleaned the table.
Answers :
1. The cake has been cut by him.
2. The hall has been decorated by him.
3. He has been congratulated by the people.
4. A trick has been shown by him.
5. A picture has been painted by him.
6. A book has been read by him.
7. The clothes have been washed by them.
8. A house has been built by him.
9. His brother has been taught by him.
10. The table has been cleaned by Ram.

Exercise 6 (For Practice)

Change the following into passive voice:
1. You have played a trick.
2. We have missed the bus.
3. She has lost her ornaments.
4. You have told a lie.
5. We have learnt our lesson.
6. Sachin has made a century.
7. I have written a book.
8. The carpenter has made the cot.
9. Leela has won a prize.
10. They have honoured you.

IV. Present Perfect Continuous

नियम : इस Tense वाले वाक्यों को Passive Voice में नहीं बदला जा सकता।

V. Past Indefinite Tense

नियम : Past Indefinite Tense के Active Voice वाले वाक्यों को Passive Voice में बदलने के लिए was/were और verb की IIIrd form का प्रयोग किया जाता है।

Active Voice	Passive Voice
1. She wrote a letter.	A letter was written by her.
2. Mohan helped me.	I was helped by Mohan.
3. They ran a race.	A race was run by them.
4. Kapil Dev broke the record.	The record was broken by Kapil Dev.
5.  The Prime Minister honoured Kapil Dev.	Kapil Dev was honoured by the Prime Minister.
6. He welcomed me.	I was welcomed by him.
7. He loved her.	She was loved by him.

Exercise 7

Change the following into passive voice:

1. They crossed the river.
2. Mohit did not take tea.
3. Ram killed Ravan.
4. Reema painted the picture.
5. Suman wrote the essay.
6. He took his meal.
1. Anuradha drank coffee.
8. They posted the letter.
9. The robber robbed the traveller.
10. The traveller hid some money.
Answers :
1. The river was crossed by them.
2. Tea was not taken by Mohit.
3. Ravan was killed by Ram.
4. The picture was painted by Reema.
5. The essay was written by Suman.
6. His meal was taken by him.
7. Coffee was drunk by Anuradha.
8. The letter was posted by them.
9. The traveller was robbed by the robber.
10. Some money was hidden by the traveller.

Exercise 8 (For Practice)

Change the following into passive voice :

1. I cleaned my shoes.
2. He did not sell good milk.
3. They honoured the poet.
4. He taught me English.
5. We made a plan.
6. The teacher taught this lesson.
7. Girls sang a song.
8. I did not apply brakes.
9. We brought it for you.
10. He killed a snake.

VI. Past Continuous Tense

नियम : इस Tense को Passive Voice में बदलने के लिए was/were + being और verb की IIIrd form का प्रयोग किया जाता है।

Active Voice	Passive Voice
1. He was writing a book.	A book was being written by him.
2. Radha was singing a song.	A song was being sung by Radha.
3. They were playing a match.	A match was being played by them.
4. You were wasting the time.	The time was being wasted by you.
5. I was preparing a lesson.	A lesson was being prepared by me.
6. I was solving sums.	Sums were being solved by me.
7. Mohan was helping the poor.	The poor were being helped by Mohan.
8. Shyam was advising me	I was being advised by Shyam.

Exercise 9

Change the following into passive voice :

1. The worker was repairing the road.
2. She was washing the pots.
3. Sita was cutting the cake.
4. They were crossing the road.
5. Mohan was helping me.
6. He was shooting an arrow.
7. The children were making a noise.
8. He was watering the plants.
9. The child was solving the sum.
10. They were breaking the glasses.
Answers :
1. The road was being repaired by the worker.
2. The pots were being washed by her.
3. The cake was being cut by Sita.
4. The road was being crossed by them.
5. I was being helped by Mohan.
6. An arrow was being shot by him.
7. A noise was being made by the children.
8. The plants were being watered by him.
9. The sum was being solved by the child.
10. The glasses were being broken by them.

Exercise 10 (For Practice)

Change the following into passive voice :

1. We were making arrangements.
2. He was taking the test.
3. Sangeeta was typing a letter.
4. Namita was making a new dress.
5. We were discussing the topic.
6. They were catching the fish.
7. The inspector was checking the tickets.
8. It was watching everything.
9. They were drinking coffee.
10. The boys were watching the magic show.

VII. Past Perfect Tense

नियम : इस Tense के वाक्यों को Passive Voice में बदलने के लिए had been और verb की IIIrd form का प्रयोग किया जाता है।

Active Voice	Passive Voice
1. Ram had written a letter.	A letter had been written by Ram.
2. She had lost her bag.	Her bag had been lost by her.
3. She had posted the letter.	The letter had been posted by her.
4. He had not spoken the truth.	The truth had not been spoken by him.
5. Ram Lai had helped me.	I had been helped by Ram Lai.
6. Rohan had never seen a lion.	A lion had never been seen by Rohan.
7. Neeraj had done his work.	His work had been done by Neeraj.
8. Sita had made a frock	A frock had been made by Sita.

Exercise 11

Change the following into passive voice :
1. He had built a house.
2. They had cleaned the house.
3. She had seen the film.
4. Gagan had painted a picture.
5. You had done your work.
6. He had finished the story.
7. The police had caught the thief.
8. Rohan had killed the snake.
9. She had drunk coffee.
10. Lalit had solved the sum.
Answers :
1. A house had been built by him.
2. The house had been cleaned by them.
3. The film had been seen by her.
4. A picture had been painted by Gagan.
5. Your work had been done by you.
6. The story had been finished by him.
7. The thief had been caught by the police.
8. The snake had been killed by Rohan.
9. Coffee had been drunk by her.
10. The sum had been solved by Lalit.

Exercise 12 (For Practice)

Change the following into passive voice :
1. He had written a letter.
2. He had lost his book.
3. She had written the letter.
4. Mukesh had not spoken the truth.
5. Raj Kapoor had helped me.
6. Rohan has never seen a lion.
7. Neeraj had done his work.
8. Sita had made a frock.
9. You, had done your work.
10. He had finished the story.

VIII. Past Perfect Continuous Tense

नियम : इस Tense वाले वाक्यों को Passive Voice में नहीं बदला जा सकता।

IX. Future Indefinite Tense

नियम : इस Tense के वाक्यों को Passive Voice में बदलने के लिए will/shall + “be’ तथा verb की IIIrd form का प्रयोग किया जाता है।

Active Voice	Passive Voice
1. Manohar will write a letter.	A letter will be written by Manohar.
2. Manu will drink coffee.	Coffee will be drunk by Manu.
3. Santosh will write a poem.	A poem will be written by Santosh.
4. My brother will help me.	I shall be helped by my brother.
5. I shall write a book.	A book will be written by me.
6. You will pass the test.	The test will be passed by you.
7. Seema will paint a picture.	A picture will be painted by Seema.
8. Kavita will sing a sweet song.	A sweet song will be sung by Kavita.

Exercise 13

Change the following into passive voice :
1. I shall help Preeti.
2. The teacher will punish the naughty student.
3. The carpenter will make a bed.
4. The washerman will wash the clothes.
5. Arun will not take tea.
6. They will admire Sridevi.
7. He will bring good news.
8. I shall buy a new pen.
9. Bharti will beat Vikas.
10. They will not play the match.
Answers :
1. Preeti will be helped by me.
2. The naughty student will be punished by the teacher.
3. A bed will be made by the carpenter.
4. The clothes will be washed by the washerman.
5. Tea will not be taken by Arun.
6. Sridevi will be admired by them.
7. Good news will be brought by him.
8. A new pen will be bought by me.
9. Vikas will be beaten by Bharti.
10. The match will not be played by them.

Exercise 14 (For Practice)

Change the following into passive voice :

1. Arti will help Vikas.
2. He will not play the match.
3. The carpenter will make a table.
4. She will wash the clothes.
5. Mohan will not take tea.
6. You will admire him.
7. He will bring books.
8. I shall buy a new watch.
9. I shall help Mohan.
10. The teacher will teach the lesson.

X. Future Continuous Tense

नियम : इस Tense वाले वाक्यों को Passive Voice में नहीं बदला जा सकता।

XI. Future Perfect Tense

नियम : इस Tense वाले वाक्यों को Passive Voice में बदलने के लिए will/shall + have been तथा verb की IIIrd form का प्रयोग किया जाता है।

Active Voice	Passive Voice
1. Raman will have helped me.	I shall have been helped by Raman.
2. They will have said their prayers.	Their prayers will have been said by them.
3. She will have received the letter.	The letter will have been received by her.
4. You will have bought the new house.	The new house will have been bought by you.
5. Radha will have sung the song.	The song will have been sung by Radha.

Exercise 15

Change the following into the Passive Voice:
1. The gardener will have watered the plants.
2. They will have met the officer.
3. Sita will have written the essay.
4. The umpire will have cancelled the match.
5. I shall have finished the work by evening.
6. They will have played the match.
7. She will have found the way.
8. Mohan will have told the story.
9. Gavaskar will have hit a four.
10. Kapil will have broken the world record.
Answers :
1. The plants will have been watered by the gardener.
2. The officer will have been met by them.
3. The essay will have been written by Sita.
4. The match will have been cancelled by the umpire.
5. The work will have been finished by me by the evening.
6. The match will have been played by them.
7. The way will have been found by her.
8. The story will have been told by Mohan.
9. A four will have been hit by Gavaskar.
10. The world record will have been broken by Kapil.

Exercise 16 (For Practice)

Change the following into passive voice:
1. Kamal will have helped him.
2. Ram will have said his prayer.
3. She will have received the letter.
4. You will not have bought the new house.
5. Radha will have finished her work.
6. He will have finished the work by 6 p.m.
7. They will have played the match.
8. She will have solved the sum.
9. He will have written the story.
10. Gavaskar will have hit a six.

XII. Future Perfect Continuous Tense

नियम : इस Tense वाले वाक्यों को Passive Voice में नहीं बदला जा सकता।

XIII. Auxiliary Verbs

नियम : can, could, must, may, might, should आदि वाले वाक्यों को Passive Voice में बदलने के लिए can be, must be, may be, might be, should be आदि तथा verb की IIIrd form का प्रयोग किया जाता है।

Active Voice	Passive Voice
1.  Ram can do this work.	This work can be done by Ram.
2. You should help the poor.	The poor should be helped by you.
3. They may catch the train.	The train may be caught by them.
4. Mohan might miss the bus.	The bus might be missed by Mohan.
5. Radha cannot cross the river.	The river cannot be crossed by Radha.
6.I cannot play cricket.	Cricket cannot be played by me.

Exercise 17

Change the following into the passive voice:
1. You ought to respect your elders.
2. You must complete your work.
3. I could meet the officer.
4. He could cross the river.
5. I can read this letter.
6. Kavita might win the prize.
7. You may take my book.
8. You can finish your work.
9. You must write an essay.
10. We should do our duty.
Answers:
1. Your elders ought to be respected by you.
2. Your work must be completed by you.
3. The officer could be met by me.
4. The river could be crossed by him.
5. This letter can be read by me.
6. The prize might be won by Kavita.
7. My book may be taken by you.
8. Your work can be finished by you.
9. An essay must be written by you.
10. Our duty should be done by us.

XIV. Interrogative Sentences

नियम :
(a) Interrogative वाक्यों में Helping Verb को Subject से पहले प्रयोग किया जाता है।
(b) Do तथा Does आदि (Helping Verbs) के स्थान पर is, am या are का प्रयोग होता है और did के स्थान पर was या were का। Passive Voice में do, does तथा did को हटा देते हैं।
(c) When, why यदि प्रश्नवाचक शब्दों वाले Interrogative Sentences में प्रश्नवाचक शब्दों का स्थान नहीं बदलता और Helping Verb का प्रयोग Subject से पूर्व होता है।
(d) Who वाले वाक्य को Passive Voice में By whom से आरंभ करते हैं।
(e) Whom को Passive Voice में Who में बदल देते हैं।

Active Voice	Passive Voice
1. Does he write a letter ?	Is a letter written by him ?
2. Do they play hockey ?	Is hockey played by them ?
3. Is Radha singing a song ?	Is a song being sung by Radha ?
4. Will you help me ?	Shall I be helped by you ?
5. Have you done your work ?	Has your work been done by you ?
6. When do you take breakfast ?	When is your breakfast taken by you?
7. Who was opening the door ?	By whom was the door being opened ?
8. Who has broken the slate ?	By whom has the slate been broken ?
9. Whom do you want ?	Who is wanted by you ?
10. What are you writing?	What is being written by you?

Exercise 18

Change the following into the passive voice :
1. Do you like sweets?
2. Does she help the poor?
3. Will you read the news?
4. When did he buy the book?
5. Can you lift this box?
6. May I take your dictionary?
7. Do they water the plants?
8. Do they guard the garden?
9. Who stole the pen?
10. Why did you meet him?
Answer:
1. Are sweets liked by you?
2. Are the poor helped by her?
3. Will the news be read by you?
4. When was the book bought by him?
5. Can this box be lifted by you?
6. May your dictionary be taken by me?
7. Are the plants watered by them?
8. Is the garden guarded by them?
9. By whom was the pen stolen?
10. Why was he met by you?

XV. Verbs Having Two Objects

(दो कर्मों वाली क्रियाएँ) नियम : कुछ वाक्यों में दो Objects (कर्म) होते हैं। ऐसे वाक्यों को Passive Voice बनाते समय दोनों में से किसी भी एक Object को Subject बना सकते हैं; जैसे-
He gave me a pen.

इस वाक्य में दो Objects हैं एक ‘me’ और दूसरा ‘a pen’ हम Passive Voice बनाते समय इनमें से किसी एक को Subject बना सकते हैं।
उदाहरण के लिए-
1. I was given a pen by him.
2. A pen was given to me by him.
नोट – यदि verb के तुरंत बाद वाले Object को subject बनाएँ तो गलती का भय नहीं रहता।

Active Voice	Passive Voice
1. Father bought me a cycle.	I was bought a cycle by father. Or A cycle was bought for me by father.
2. The old man gave him an apple.	An apple was given to him by the old man. Or He was given an apple by the old man.
3. Mohan sent me a present.	I was sent a present by Mohan.
4. I wrote her a letter.	She was written a letter by me.
5. He promised me a book.	I was promised a book by him. Or A book was promised to me by him.

Exercise 19

Change the following into the passive voice
1. He wrote me a letter.
2. He bought his son a pen.
3. He gave me a book.
4. Mohan gave her a ring.
5. She sent me a present.
6. He brought me good news.
7. Radha told me a story.
8. She showed me a picture.
9. He paid me ten rupees.
10. The judge gave him punishment.
Answers:
1. I was written a letter by him.
2. A pen was bought for his son by him.
3. I was given a book by him.
4. She was given a ring by Mohan.
5. I was sent a present by her.
6. I was brought good news by him.
7. I was told a story by Radha.
8. I was shown a picture by her.
9. I was paid ten rupees by him.
10. He was given punishment by the judge.

XVI. Imperative Sentences

(आदेशात्मक वाक्य) नियम : ऐसे वाक्यों को Passive Voice बनाते समय निम्नलिखित बातों का ध्यान रखें :
(a) इनमें let, be और क्रिया की IIIrd form का प्रयोग करते हैं; जैसे
Active : Open the door.
Passive : Let the door be opened.

(b) वाक्य के भाव के अनुसार You are requested to, you are advised to आदि का प्रयोग कर सकते हैं। मगर तब Let का प्रयोग नहीं करते।

Active Voice	Passive Voice
1. Sing a song.	Let a song be sung.
2. Write a letter.	Let a letter be written.
3. Don’t hate the poor.	Let the poor not be hated.
4. Let me do this work.	Let this work be done by me.
5. Send for the doctor.	Let the doctor be sent for.
6. Please help me.	You are requested to help me.
7. Fire at the enemy.	You are ordered to fire at the enemy.

Exercise 20

Change the following into the passive voice :
1. Post this letter.
2. Please, come in.
3. Lift that table.
4. Write an essay.
5. Answer any four questions.
6. Work hard for success.
7. Help the poor.
8. Don’t hate the poor.
9. Don’t stay here.
10. Cross the river at once.
ANSWERS:
1. Let this letter be posted.
2. You are requested to come in.
3. Let that table be lifted.
4. Let an essay be written.
5. Let any four questions be answered.
6. You are advised to work hard for success.
7. Let the poor be helped.
8. Let the poor not be hated.
9. You are forbade to stay here.
10. Let the river be crossed at once.

Exercise 21 (For Practice)

Change the Voice :
1. Never tell a lie. .
2. Obey your teachers.
3. Enter by the left door.
4. Please help me.
5. Always respect your elders.
6. Let him teach her.
7. Don’t pluck flowers.
8. Do it at once.
9. Sit down, please.
10. Post this letter.

XVII. Preposition Other Than “By”

नियम : कुछ verbs के बाद ‘by’ नाम की preposition नहीं लगती। ऐसे verbs वाले वाक्यों के passive voice में verb की IIIrd form के स्थान पर कोई अन्य उचित preposition लगती है; जैसे with, to, at, in आदि।

Active Voice	Passive Voice
1. Mohan knows me.	I am known to Mohan.
2. His work satisfied me.	I was satisfied with his work.
3. He cannot please Mohan.	Mohan cannot be pleased with him.
4. The news surprised me.	I was surprised at the news.
5. This box contains sweets.	Sweets are contained in this box.
6. His behaviour shocked Ram.	Ram was shocked at his behaviour.
7. Her story interested me.	I was interested in her story.

Exercise 22

Change the following into passive voice:
1. This book contains pictures.
2. Mohan’s progress satisfied me.
3. My work pleased him.
4. His failure surprised his father.
5. The news amazed us.
6. His death shocked us.
7. I know him.
8. The arrangement satisfied the officer.
9. The magic show amused the children.
10. The game interested me.
Answers :
1. Pictures are contained in this book.
2. I was satisfied with Mohan’s progress.
3. He was pleased with my work.
4. His father was surprised at his failure.
5. We were amazed at the news.
6. We were shocked at his death.
7. He is known to me.
8. The officer was satisfied with the arrangement.
9. The children were amused with the magic show.
10. I was interested in the game.

XVIII. Prepositional Verbs

नियम : अगर active voice में verb के साथ preposition लगी हो तो passive voice में उसे अलग नहीं करते।

Active Voice	Passive Voice
1. Mohan knocked at the door.	The door was knocked at by Mohan.
2. The boys laughed at the old man.	The old man was laughed at by the boys.
3. She sent for the doctor.	The doctor was sent for by her.
4. He was looking for the book.	The book was being looked for by him.
5. She listened to me.	I was listened to by her.
6. We found out our dogs.	Our dogs were found out by us.
7. She was looking at the picture.	The picture was being looked at by her.

Exercise 23

Change the following into the passive voice :
1. He was looking at the picture.
2. He shouted at his servant.
3. I listened to the lecture.
4. The hunter aimed at the bird.
5. They sent for the doctor.
6. My friend called on me.
7. I was waiting for Kavita.
8. The boys laughed at the poor man.
9. The wind blew off his hat.
10. He brought up the poor child.

Haryana State Board HBSE 9th Class English Solutions Grammar Articles Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 9th Class English Grammar Articles

Articles :
The demonstrative adjectives a, an and the have been given the collective name ‘Articles’. These are divided into two categories :
(a) The Definite Article : The
(b) The Indefinite Article : A or an

The Definite Article:

Uses of the Definite Article
(a) ‘The’ is used before a noun which has become definite as it has been mentioned a second time. When it is introduced the first time, it takes ‘a/an’.
(‘The’ का प्रयोग ऐसी संज्ञा से पहले किया जाता है जो दोबारा जिक्र करने के कारण विशेष हो जाती है। जब इसका जिक्र पहली बार करते हैं तो इसके साथ a / a n लगाते हैं।)
A man is going on a road. The man has a bag.
The bag contains clothes. The road goes to Kamal.

(b) It is used before nouns of which there is only one, or which are considered as one:
(ऐसी संज्ञाओं के साथ जो केवल एक ही हैं या एक ही माने जाते हैं।)
The earth, the sky, the weather, the North Pole

(c) It is also used with a noun of which there is only one example in some given situation.
(ऐसी संज्ञा के साथ जिसका किसी विशेष हालत में केवल एक ही उदाहरण है।)
The Principal is on leave.
Has the postman come yet ?

(d) The definite article is placed before the superlative degree of adjectives.
(विशेषण के तीसरे दर्जे से पहले ‘The’ लगाते हैं।)
He is the best teacher I have known.
She is the most intelligent girl in the class.

(e) When the nouns like English, Russian, French, and Greek mean language’ no article is placed before them. But when they stand for People (Nations), they are preceded by the definite article :
(ऐसी संज्ञाएँ जैसे कि English, Russian, French, Greek आदि के साथ अगर article न लगा तो उनका अर्थ है वह भाषा। लेकिन इनसे पहले ‘The’ लगाने से उनका अर्थ लोग या राष्ट्र हो जाता है।)

The English ruled India for a long time. They introduced English as a medium of education in India.

(f) The nouns like hospital, school, college, church, temple, prison, cinema, bed, table, market, office, etc. denote their primary function if no article is placed before them. The use of the’ before them makes them definite and particular.

(इस प्रकार की संज्ञाएँ जैसे कि हस्पताल, स्कूल, कॉलेज, गिरजाघर, जेल, सिनेमा, बिस्तर, मेज, बाजार, दफतर आदि से पहले अगर कोई article न हो तो उनका प्राथमिक कार्य स्पष्ट होता है। उनसे पहले ‘The’ लगाने से वह विशेष हो जाते हैं।)
He met with an accident and was taken to hospital.
When I came to know of it, I went to the hospital to meet him.

(g) It is used before singular nouns to represent a class of things.
(इसका प्रयोग एकवचन संज्ञाओं के साथ चीजों के वर्ग को बताने के लिए होता है।)
The donkey is lazy (All donkeys are lazy).

(h) It is used before an adjective to represent a class of things.
(इसका प्रयोग तब भी होता है जब किसी विशेषण द्वारा पूरे वर्ग को बताया जाए।)
The rich should not exploit the poor.
Today a gap exists between the old and the young.

(i) ‘The’ is used when we refer to a particular thing or a person.
(‘The’ का प्रयोग तब होता है जब हम विशेष वस्तु या व्यक्ति का जिक्र करें।)
In that group, the boy in red shirt is my son.

(j) The definite article is used before ‘first/second’, etc. and ‘only’.
(‘प्रथम द्वितीय’ आदि तथा ‘केवल’ से पहले ‘The’ का प्रयोग करते हैं।)
He was the first man to reach the party. Sunita was the second guest. In fact, she was the only lady present there.

(k) Before the plural names of countries.
(उन देशों के साथ जिनके नाम बहुवचन में हैं।)
The United States of America, The West Indies.

(l) Before Special meals; as (विशेष भोजनों के साथ।)
I take dinner at 9.00 p.m. (usual dinner)
but Are you attending the dinner being given by Mohan ?

(m) Article the is used before the names of the following nouns:
Mountain ranges : The Himalayas, the Alps. the Pyrenees etc.
Rivers : The Ganga, The Brahamputra, the Thames, etc.
Oceans : The Indián Ocean, the Pacific, the Antractic, etc.
Islands : The Andamans, The West Indies etc.
Holy Books : The Geeta, The Quran, The Bible etc.
Newspapers : The Indian Express, The Times of India. etc.
Magazines : The Reader’s Digest. The Competition Master. etc.
Historical Buildings : The Parliament. The White House. etc.
Historical Events : The First Battle of Panipat. The First/Second World War.
Trains, Ships. Planes : The Shatabadi Express, The Vikrant. The Ashoka. etc.

The Indefinite Article:

Form
The form of the Indefinite article is a or an. The form ‘a’ is used before a word beginning with a consonant. It is also used with a word beginning with a vowel which sounds like a consonant:
a pen, a table, a boy
also : a university, a European, a useful thing.

The form ‘an’ is used before words beginning with a vowel (a, e, i. o, u) or words beginning with a mute ‘h’.
an owl, an elephant, an apple, an hour, an honourable man.

Uses of the Indefinite Article
(a) It is used before a singular noun which is countable, when it is mentioned for the first time.
(इसका प्रयोग ऐसी एकवचन संज्ञा के साथ होता है जो गिनी जा सके और जब इसका जिक्र पहली बार हो।)
I see a bird on that tree.
A house has a roof.

(b) Before a singular countable noun which is used as an example of the class of things or species.
(ऐसी एकवचन गिनी जा सकने योग्य संज्ञा के साथ, जो चीजों के वर्ग या जाति का उदाहरण हो।)
A horse is an animal. A cow has homs.
A pine tree grows very tall.

(c) In the numerical sense of the word ‘one’
(‘एक’ शब्द के गणनात्मक भाव के रूप में।)
He gave me a gift.
Not a word was spoken.

(d) In expressions of price, speed, etc. ‘alan’ are used in the sense of ‘per’.
(‘a/an’ का प्रयोग कीमत, गति आदि के लिए “प्रति” के अर्थ के रूप में किया जाता है।)
Milk sells eight rupees a kilo.
He drives at forty miles an hour.

(e) The names of professions and occupations take the indefinite article:
(व्यवसायों या धन्धों के नामों के साथ हम Indefinite article लगाते हैं।)
My father is a doctor.
He grew up to be a politician.

(f) Sometimes ‘a’ can be used before Mr./Mrs./Miss + surname. Then it means a man/woman/girl of that name:
(कई बार ‘a’ का प्रयोग श्री/श्रीमती कुमारी के नाम के पहले लगता है। तब इसका अर्थ है कि उस नाम का कोई आदमी, औरत, लड़की आदि।)
Mr. Mehta came to see you when you were away.
(This sentence means : “Aman called Mr. Mehta came …..”)

(g) Use of ‘a’ before few and little :

(i) a few and a little mean a small number or a small amount (‘few stands for number and little for amount).
(a few और alittle का अर्थ है कुछ संख्या या कुछ मात्रा। few का अर्थ संख्या और little का अर्थ मात्रा से होता है।)

(ii) ‘few’ and ‘little without article have an almost negative meaning.
(बिना article के few और little का अर्थ लगभग नकारात्मक होता है।)

I am thirsty but I am afraid there is little water in the pitcher.
But there is a little water in the fridge.
The college reopened today but there were few students in the classes. A few senior students came to the college but remained away from the classes.

(h) To attribute the qualities of a man (usually someone famous) to another person.
(किसी प्रसिद्ध व्यक्ति के गुणों का जिक्र किसी अन्य व्यक्ति के नाम के साथ करने के लिए।)

He is a Shakespeare (He is a genius like Shakespeare).

Omission of Articles :

Articles are not used in the following cases :
(Articles का प्रयोग निम्नलिखित हालातों में नहीं किया जाता।)

(a) No article is placed before abstract nouns when they are used in a general sense.
(जिस भाववाचक संज्ञा का प्रयोग सामान्य रूप से किया जाता है तो उसके साथ article नहीं लगता।)
Honesty is the best policy.
Happiness is what everyone longs for.

But abstract nouns take “the” before them when they are used in the particular sense.
(मगर-जब भाववाचक संज्ञा का प्रयोग विशेष रूप से होता है तो उसके साथ ‘The’ लगता है।)

We must work for the happiness of all sections of society.

(b) The article is omitted before ‘man’ and ‘woman’ when they are used in a general sense.
(जब man या woman का प्रयोग सामान्य रूप से हो तो उनके साथ article नहीं लगता।)
Man is mortal.
Woman is considered weaker than man.

(c) The article ‘the’ is omitted before the names of meals when used in a general sense. But we use ‘the’ when a specific meal is mentioned.
(सामान्य रूप से प्रयोग किए जाने पर भोजनों के नाम से पहले हम ‘the’ नहीं लगाते। मगर जब भोजन का जिक्र विशेष रूप से हो तो ‘the’ का प्रयोग करते हैं।)
He invited me to dinner. We take breakfast at 8 a.m.
The lunch given by him was fine.

(d) Collective nouns such as humanity, labour, mankind, posterity, society, don’t usually take an article.
(सामूहिक संज्ञाओं के साथ आमतौर पर article नहीं लगाते।)
Society must take care of its old persons.
Mother Teresa has devoted her life to the welfare of humanity.

(e) Articles are not used before proper nouns :
(व्यक्तिवाचक संज्ञा से पहले articles नहीं लगाते।)
Shakespeare was a genius.
Mumbai is a metropolitan city.

(f) No article is placed before the names of metals, materials and games when used in a general sense. But when they are used specifically, the is placed before them.
(सामान्य रूप से प्रयोग किए जाने पर धातुओं, पदार्थों तथा खेलों के नाम से पहले article नहीं लगाते। मगर जब वे विशेष रूप से प्रयोग किए जाएँ तो ‘the’ उनसे पहले लगता है।)

Gold is a costly metal. Many people in India play cricket
The Gold found in Kolar mines is of superior quality.

(g) Articles are not used in certain phrases consisting of a preposition followed by its object :
(उन निश्चित वाक्यांशों में जहाँ preposition का प्रयोग कर्म के साथ किया हो तो articles का प्रयोग नहीं होता।)
at home, in hand, in debt, by day/night, on demand, at sunset/night, on earth, by land/water/air, on foot etc.
You must finish the work in hand.
He started the journey at day break.

Exercises For Practice

Exercise 1

Fill in the blank spaces in the following sentences with the word given in brackets at the end, using either the plain noun, or the noun preceded by the (whichever you think is correct).

1. The box was made of …………… wood.
2. Some coins are made of silver and some of copper.
3 . …………… Water in that stream is not suitable for drinking. .
4 . …………… Gold is found in Australia and South Africa.
5……………. meat that we had for dinner was tough.
6. In Britain more people drink …………… tea than …………… coffee.
7. When do you have breakfast?
8. There is fish for …………… (dinner) today.
9. Are you attending …………… dinner tonight ?
10. …………… oranges are grown in Nagpur.
Answers :
1. The box was made of wood.
2. Some coins are made of silver and some of copper.
3 . The Water in that stream is not suitable for drinking.
4 . Gold is found in Australia and South Africa.
5. The meat that we had for dinner was tough.
6. In Britain more people drink tea than coffee.
7. When do you have breakfast?
8. There is fish for dinner today.
9. Are you attending the dinner tonight ?
10. The oranges are grown in Nagpur.

Exercise 2

1. We wear clothes to keep us warm.
2. Cars are not allowed to park here.
3. ………… (flowers) in that vase are very beautiful.
4. ………… tea grows in India.
5. She plays tennis very well.
6. What are we having for ………… (lunch)?
7. ………… grass in that field is very green.
8. Do you usually drink tea or coffee.
9. Elephants are used in some countries to pull heavy loads.
10. This is ………… best book of Basic Mathematics.
Answers :
1. We wear clothes to keep us warm.
2. Cars are not allowed to park here.
3. The flowers in that vase are very beautiful.
4. tea grows in India.
5. She plays tennis very well. .
6. What are we having for lunch?
7. The grass in that field is very green.
8. Do you usually drink tea or coffee.
9. Elephants are used in some countries to pull heavy loads.
10. This is the best book of Basic Mathematics.

Exercise 3

Fill in the blank spaces in the following sentences with the word or words given in brackets at the end. Use either the plain noun, or the noun preceded by the (whichever you think is correct).

1. In Austria the people speak (…………)(German).
2. ………… (English) is spoken in many countries.
3. ………… (English) have been a sea-faring people for many centuries.
4. Can you speak …………?
5. …………(Italians) are a very musical nation,
6. Many great ships cross ………… (Atlantic Ocean)
7. ………… (India) is a very large country in …………. (Asia).
8. I go to Surat by Rajdhani Express.
9. His uncle is manager of ………… (Overseas Bank) in this town.
10. He came for an hour, but stayed all ………… (evening )
Answers :
1. In Austria the people speak German.
2. English is spoken in many countries.
3. The English have been a sea-faring people for many centuries.
4. Can you speak?
5. The Italians are a very musical nation.
6. Many great ships cross the Atlantic Ocean.
7. India is a very large country in Asia.
8. I go to Surat by the Rajdhani Express.
9. His uncle is manager of the Overseas Bank in this town.
10. He came for an hour, but stayed all the evening.

Exercise 4

Insert a or an in the blank spaces in the following sentences.

1. …………. elephant is a very strong animal.
2. He had always hoped that his son would go to …………. university.
3. Italy is …………. European country’.
4. I shall be back in less than …………. hour.
5. We should brush our teeth two times …………. day.
6. Everyone respects …………. honest person.
7. By …………. united effort we may achieve sticcess.
8. Copper is …………. useful metal.
9. I understand he is to marry …………. heiress.
10. …………. honour was conferred on him for his services to his country.
Answers :
1. An elephant is a very strong animal.
2. He had always hoped that his son would go to a university.
3. Italy is a European country’.
4. I shall be back in less than an hour.
5. We should brush our teeth two times a day.
6. Everyone respects an honest person.
7. By a united effort we may achieve sticcess.
8. Copper is a useful metal.
9. I understand he is to marry an heiress.
10. An honour was conferred on him for his services to his country.

Exercise 5

1. We stayed at ………… hotel in the centre of the town.
2. It is ………… great honour to be invited to such a gathering.
3. The door was opened by ………… servant.
4. ………… honorary secretary is one who is not paid for his services.
5. He was carrying heavy ………… load.
6. There is ………… hourly bus service on this route.
7. ………… big dog dashed out of the gate.
8. We shall come if we get ………… opportunity.
9. That was not ………… very honest thing to do.
10. The proposal was accepted by ………… unanimous vote.
Answers :
1. We stayed at a hotel in the centre of the town.
2. It is a great honour to be invited to such a gathering.
3. The door was opened by a servant.
4. An honorary secretary is one who is not paid for his services.
5. He was carrying heavy a load.
6. There is an hourly bus service on this route.
7. A big dog dashed out of the gate.
8. We shall come if we get an opportunity.
9. That was not a very honest thing to do.
10. The proposal was accepted by a unanimous vote.