Haryana State Board HBSE 9th Class English Solutions Grammar Transformation of Sentences Exercise Questions and Answers.
Haryana Board 9th Class English Grammar Transformation of Sentences
वाक्य के एक रूप को दूसरे रूप में परिवर्तित करना Transformation of sentences कहलाता है। Transformation के निम्न रूप हैं-
1. Simple sentences to Interrogative Sentences.
2. Simple sentences to complex sentences.
3. Simple sentences to compound sentences.
4. Complex sentences to compound sentences.
5. Compound sentences to complex sentences.
- Affirmative Sentence (साधारण वाक्य):
An affirmative sentence makes a statement. It often starts with a noun or pronoun. It ends with a full stop. An affirmative sentence can be positive or negative.
(एक साधारण वाक्य किसी कथन का वर्णन करता है। यह प्रायः किसी noun या pronoun के साथ आरम्भ होता है। यह Full stop के साथ समाप्त होता है। एक साधारण वाक्य सकारात्मक और नकारात्मक हो सकता है।)
- Interrogative Sentences (प्रश्नवाचक वाक्य):
An Interrogative sentence asks questions. It ends with a question mark (?) (प्रश्नवाचक वाक्यों में प्रश्न पूछे जाते हैं। इन वाक्यों के अंत में प्रश्नवाचक चिहून लगता है।)
1. प्रश्नवाचक वाक्य दो प्रकार के होते हैं-
प्रश्नवाचक प्रश्नों से शुरू होने वाले वाक्य
Question word + Helping verb + Noun/Pronoun + Verb…?
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Change Of Affirmative Sentences To Interrogative Sentences
1. Present Indefinite Tense
Noun/Pronoun + verb + object → Helping verb + Noun/Pronoun + verb + object ? यदि Affirmative sentence में verb की Ist form लगी है तो Interrogative sentence को Do से आरम्भ करते हैं। जैसे
You make a noise. → Do you make a noise ?
They play football. → Do they play football ?
The girls perform good dance. → Do the girls perform good dance ?
We wiir the match. → Do we win the match ?
Mohan and Sohan read in 8th class. → Do Mohan and Sohan read in 8th class ?
यदि Affirmative sentence में verb की Ist form के साथ s/es लगा है तो Interrogative sentences को Does से शुरू करते हैं; जैसे-
He sings a song. → Does he sing a song ?
Mohan reads in 8th class. → Does Mohan read in 8th class ?
The teacher teaches a poem. → Does the teacher teach a poem ?
She does not tell a lie. → Doesn’t she tell a lie ?
He runs a race. → Does he run a race ?
I saw a snake. → Did I see a snake ?
You played a joke. → Did you play a joke ?
The teacher taught a poem. → Did the teacher teach a poem ?
They made a mistake. → Did they make a mistake ?
You met me at the station. → Did you meet me at the station ?
Tense से संबंधित शेष वाक्यों को निम्न ढंग से Affirmative से Interrogative में बदलते हैं।
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Miscellaneous Exercises
Exercise 1
1. She is making a doll ?
2. They were not coming.
3. I shall do it for you.
4. Radha will paint a picture.
5. He did not tell a lie.
6. I do not make false excuses.
7. She has done her work.
8. You have spoiled my chance.
9. You should go there.
10. He can solve this sum.
Answers:
1. Is she making a doll ?
2. Were they not coming ?
3. Shall I do it for you ?
4. Will Radha paint a picture ?
5. Didn’t he tell a lie ?
6. Don’t I make false excuses ?
7. Has she done her work ?
8. Have you spoiled my chance ?
9. Should you go there ?
10. Can he solve this sum ?
Exercise 2
1. He has told me to leave.
2. He is my best friend.
3. She respects her teachers.
4. I pray to God daily.
5. She hasn’t come yet.
6. They haven’t sent any response.
7. She will be waiting for you. .
8. It has been raining since Monday.
9. He loves me.
10. They honoured the teacher.
Answers:
1. Has he told me to leave ?
2. Is he my best friend ?
3. Does she respect her teachers ?
4. Do I pray to God daily ?
5. Has she not come yet ?
6. Have they not sent any response ?
7. Will she be waiting for you ?
8. Has it been raining since Monday ?
9. Does he love me ?
10. Did they honour the teacher ?
Types of Sentences:
There are three types of sentences:
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What is a finite verb?
The verb which is limited by tense, number or person of the subject is called a finite verb.
(जो क्रिया काल, वचन तथा कर्ता के पुरुष से सीमित हो जाती है, उसे finite verb कहते हैं।)
He goes to school.
I am going to school.
I do not go to school.
He does not go to school.
(उपरोक्त सभी वाक्यों में goes, am, do, does आदि सभी finite verbs हैं। ये वचन, काल तथा कर्ता के पुरुष के बदलने के साथ बदलते हैं।)
One finite verb is necessary for one predication.
वाक्य को भागों में बाँटा जा सकता है। Subject तथा Predicate, Subject के बारे में जो कुछ कहा जाए उसे Predicate कहा जाता है।
Whatever is said about the subject is called predicate.
He/does not want to go to school.
He = Subject
does not want to go to school = Predicate
Finite Verb = does
One finite verb = One Predicate = Simple sentence.
In a simple sentence, there is only one Predicate. So there is only one finite verb in it.
एक Simple sentence में एक ही Predicate होता है। इसलिए उसमें एक ही finite verb होता है।
Two finite verbs = Two Predicates = Complex or Compound sentence.
दो Predicates में दो ही finite verbs होंगे। वाक्य या तो complex होगा या फिर compound.
(i) He worked hard so that he could score high marks.
Finite verbs = (i) worked (ii) could
Predicates = (i) worked hard (ii) could score high marks
Sentence = Complex
(ii) (You) Work hard otherwise you will fail.
Finite verbs = (i) work (ii) will
Predicates = (i) work hard (ii) will fail
Sentence = Compound
A Complex sentence has—
(i) One Principal Clause
(ii) One or more Subordinate clause/clauses.
(i) Principal Clause = main clause = independent clause
This clause does not depend on the other clause for its meaning.
(यह clause अपने अर्थ के लिए किसी दूसरी clause पर निभर नहीं करता ।)
(ii) Subordinate Clause = Dependent Clause.
This clause depends on the Principal Clause for its meaning. clause
He will not succeed if he does not work hard.
(i) He will not succeed → Principal Clause
(ii) If he does not work hard → Subordinate Clause.
Exercise 1
Tell whether the following sentences are simple, complex or compound:
1. Work hard otherwise you will fail.
2. I will tell you the whole truth about the matter.
3. Since you say so, I believe it. ,
4. He approached me to get my favour.
5. Two and two make four.
6. She does not want to oblige you.
7. If you have a ticket, you may go inside.
8. You cannot come in until you feel sorry.
9. Walk fast lest you should miss the train.
10. As soon as I reached my house, it started raining.
Answers:
1. compound sentence
2. simple sentence
3. complex sentence
4. simple sentence
5. simple sentence
6. simple sentence
7. complex sentence
8. complex sentence
9. complex sentence
10. complex sentence.
Kinds of Sub ordinate Clauses
There are three kinds of Subordinate Clauses:
(i) Noun Clauses
(ii) Adjective Clauses
(iii) Adverb Clauses
(i) Noun Clauses
A noun in a sentence functions as a subject or an object. So a noun clause also does the function either of subject or of an object.
(एक वाक्य में संज्ञा एक कर्ता या कर्म के रूप में कार्य करती है। इसलिए एक Noun clause भी एक कर्ता या कर्म का कार्य करती है।)
How can we recognise a noun clause in a complex sentence ?
- Replace the whole subordinate clause with the word‘something’.
- If the sentence remains grammatical it will be a Noun Clause.
Exercise 2
Pick out the ‘noun clauses’ from the sentences given below:
1. I want to ask if you will go to Delhi tomorrow or not.
2. What he said, he did.
3. How he got this prize is a secret.
4. He know where he was going.
5. I know that you are telling a lie.
6. The rumour that he has been selected as an I.A.S. officer is true.
7. The news that India has won the match brought relief to me.
8. He liked the idea that I have decided to go on a tour.
9. He thanked me for what I did for him.
10. He said that he was a cheat.
Answers:
1. if you will go to Delhi tomorrow or not
2. what he said
3. How he got this prize
4. where he was going
5. that you are telling a lie
6. that he has been selected as an I.A.S. officer
7. that India has won the match
8. that I have decided to go on a tour
9. what I did for him 10. that he was a cheat.
10. that he was a cheat.
* Different Uses of Noun Clause:
Noun Clause का प्रयोग निम्नलिखित प्रकार से होता है-
(a) As a subject: (Noun Clauses को वाक्य के कर्ता के रूप में प्रयोग कर सकते हैं; जैसे-)
What you said was interesting.
How he got so much money is a mystery.
(b) As an object: (Noun clauses को वाक्य के कर्म (object) के रूप में प्रयोग कर सकते हैं; जैसे-)
Mohan said that he knew the answer.
We knew where he was hiding.
Have you heard what has happened ?
I know that the scheme is not good.
(c) In apposition to the noun: (इसे संज्ञा के नजदीक लगाकर प्रयोग कर सकते हैं; जैसे-)
The rumour that he is a thief is true.
The news that India has won was pleasing.
(d). In apposition to the object:(Noun Clauses को वाक्य में कर्म (object) के नजदीक लगाकर प्रयोग कर सकते हैं; जैसे-)
He disliked the idea that I should go there.
He welcomed the suggestion that we should see the film.
(e) As a complement: (पूरक के रूप में; जैसे-)
The news was that he had passed.
The fact Was that Griffin was a lawless man.
(f) By using with ‘It’: (Noun Clause को ‘It’ के साथ प्रयोग कर सकते हैं; जैसे-)
I believe it that he does not know the answer.
I doubt it whether he will pass.
(g) As an object of preposition: (इसे preposition का कर्म बना सकते हैं। जैसे-)
He thanked me for what I had done.
He was lost in what I was saying.
(h) As an object of infinitive: (Noun Clause को infinitive का कर्म बना सकते हैं। जैसे-)
She wanted to say that she was beautiful.
I am sorry to say that Mohan has failed.
(i) As an object of Gerund: (Noun Clause को Gerund का कर्म बना सकते हैं। जैसे-)
She enjoys doing what she likes.
He suggested doing what everyone was doing.
नोट-
1. Noun Clauses की रचना that से या what, where, how, when, who, which or why: जैसे question words से की जाती है। इसके अतिरिक्त जब Noun Clauses में Yes or No questions बनाए जाते हैं तो clause में if या whether का प्रयोग करते हैं; जैसे
Combination of Simple Sentences into a complex sentence by using a noun clause:
(दो वाक्य दिए होंगे। जिनमें से एक वाक्य Noun Clause होता है और दूसरा वाक्य Principal Clause होता है। इन्हें एक वाक्य में जोड़ना है।)
1. यदि Noun Clause Question Word से शुरू होती है और Principal Clause के अन्त में thisit लगा होता है तो Principal Clause को पहले लिखते हैं, This या it को हटा देते हैं और Noun Clause को बाद में लिखते हैं लेकिन Noun Clause को लिखते समय इस बात का ध्यान रखते हैं कि Helping Verb (सहायक क्रिया) को Noun/Pronoun के बाद लिखते हैं।
(a) Where is your pen ? Tell me this.
Tell me where your pen is.
(b) When will the next train arrive ? Go and ask the guard.
Go and ask the guard when the next train will arrive.
2. यदि Noun Clause Question Word से शुरू होती है और This/It Principal Clause के शुरू में लगा होता है तो Noun Clause को वाक्य के शुरू में लिखते हैं और This/lt को हटाकर Principal Clause को वाक्य के अंत में लिखते हैं।
(a) When did he leave the town ? It is a wonder.
When he left the town is a wonder.
(b) What does he do for a living ? It is a mystery.
What he does for a living is a mystery.
3. यदि Noun Clause साधारण वाक्य में है और Principal Clause के अंत में this/it लगा है तो Principal Clause को पहले लिखते हैं (this/it को हटाकर) और उसके बाद that लगाकर Noun Clause को लिखते हैं
(a) He would pass. I knew it.
I knew that he would pass.
(b) The patient will recover soon. The doctor is confident of it.
The doctor is confident that the patient will recover soon.
4. निम्नलिखित परिवर्तनों पर ध्यान दीजिए
(a) (Something को हटाकर योजक शब्द What का प्रयोग करते हैं।)
(i) He said something. I am not impressed by it.
I am not impressed by what he said.
(ii) He does something. It is not known to me.
What he does is not known to me.
(b) (Somewhere और the place को हटाकर योजक शब्द Where का प्रयोग करते हैं।)
He worked somewhere. Tell me the place.
Tell me where he worked.
(c) (The reason को हटाकर योजक शब्द Why का प्रयोग करते हैं।)
(i) You have rejected my application. Tell me the reason.
Tell me why you have rejected my application.
(ii) You come late daily. I want to know the reason.
I want to know why you come late daily.
(d) (Someone को हटाकर who का प्रयोग करते हैं।)
Someone has stolen your book. I know him.
I know who has stolen your book.
5. (Noun Clause का प्रयोग Verb (क्रिया) के complement के रूप मैं)
(i) He will improve. This is our hope.
Our hope is that he will improve.
(ii) I have not got the money. This is the fact.
The fact is that I have not got the money.
6. (Noun Clause का प्रयोग Noun/Pronoun के object के रूप में)
(i) Who is responsible for the loss ? My question has not been answered.
My question who is responsible for the loss has not been answered.
(ii) India has won the match. The news is true.
The news that India has won the match is true.
Exercise 1
Combine the following pairs of sentences into complex sentences by using Noun Clause:
1. What the thieves did with all the money. It is a mystery.
2. The prices will not come down. You can be sure.
3. He will pass. I am confident.
4. He was saying something. They were listening to it.
5. He has lost his way. This is my fear.
6. He would go on a pilgrimage. He said that.
7. He will win the election. It is clear.
8. The bridge will collapse. The engineers are afraid.
9. They suggested something. We were all against it.
10. He will win a scholarship. I am sure.
Answers:
1. What the thieves did with all the money is a mystery.
2. You can be sure that the prices will not come down.
3. I am confident that he will pass.
4. They were listening to what he was saying.
5. My fear is that he has lost his way.
6. He said that he would go on a pilgrimage.
7. It is clear that he will win the election.
8. The engineers are afraid that the bridge will collapse.
9. We were all against what he suggested.
10. I am sure that he will win a scholarship.
Exercise 2
Combine the following sentences into complex sentences by using one of the sentences in each set into a Noun Clause:
1. He says something. We can’t rely on that.
2. You demand some money. I am ready to lend it.
3. You are innocent. That is a fact.
4. He would soon pay back the debt. He promised it.
5. He was a party to the plot. It is not a fact.
6. The result will be out tomorrow. I am sure of it.
7. He may be honest. I do not know.
8. The accident took place somewhere. I shall take you to the place.
9. I said something. I am sorry for it.
10. Death keeps no calendar. We all know it.
Answers:
1. I can’t rely on what he says.
2. I am ready to lend you what you demand.
3. The fact is that you are innocent.
4. He promised that he would soon pay back the debt.
5. It is not a fact that he was a party to the plot.
6. I am sure that the result will be out tomorrow.
7. I do not know that he is honest.
8. I shall take you to the place where the accident took place.
9. I am sorry for what I said.
10. We all know that death keeps no calendar.
Exercise 3
Join the following pairs of sentences, into complex sentences using noun clauses:
1. The patiept has died. This is my fear.
2. The police has arrested the murderer. This is the news.
3. He was taking a risk. He realised that.
4. He will get first division. This is certain.
5. The conversation was upsetting him. It was a fact.
6. We should drop the plan. This is my suggestion.
7. There is a lot of corruption in the country. The opposition pointed out this fact.
8. The audience listened to the speech. The speaker gave that speech.
9. The audience followed the speaker. It was a wonder.
10. Mohan has no money. That is a fact.
Answers:
1. My fear is that the patient has died.
2. The news is that the police has arrested the murderer.
3. He realised that he was taking a risk.
4. This is certain that he will get first division.
5. The fact was that the conversation was upsetting him.
6. My suggestion is that we should drop the plan.
7. The opposition pointed out the fact that there was a lot of corruption in the country.
8. The audience listened to what the speaker said.
9. It was a wonder that the audience followed the speaker.
10. The fact is that Mohan has no money.
Exercise 4
Combine the sentences using a noun clause in each case:
1. Why is he coming here? Does Mohan know this?
2. When will I catch the train ? I don’t know this.
3. Why does Mohan beat his brother ? I cannot understand this.
4. The money is missing. This is the fact.
5. When did she leave the town? It is a mystery.
6. How does he earn so much money? Nobody knows this.
7. He would come. I was certain of that.
8. What does the teacher say? Listen to it.
9. He did something. I am not impressed by it.
10. The principal was coming. The whole class knew it.
Answers:
1. Does Mohan know why he is coming here ?
2. I don’t know when I will catch the train.
3.1 can’t understand why Mohan beats his brother.
4. The fact is that the money is missing.
5. When she left the town is a mystery.
6. Nobody knows how he earns so much money.
7. I was certain that he would come.
8. Listen to what the teacher says.
9. I am not impressed by what he did.
10. The whole class knew that the principal was coming.
Exercise 5
Combine the following sentences into a complex sentence in each pair using Noun Clauses:
1. (i) What is your decision? Please let me know.
(ii) When did I see her last? I don’t recollect.
(iii) He works somewhere. I don’t know the place.
(iv) You have rejected my application. Can you tell me the reason?
2. (i) Why has he left the job? We all know.
(ii) Where does he live? I do not know.
(iii) Who are you? I don’t know.
(iv) Why were they late? It is .not clear.
3. (i) When are you coming here? Please inform me.
(ii) Why were they late? It is not clear.
(iii) How does this machine work? I don’t know.
(iv) Where do you live? I don’t remember.
Answers.
1. (i) Please let me know what your decision is.
(ii) I don’t recollect when I saw you last.
(iii) I don’t know where he works
(iv) Can you tell me why you have rejected my application.
2. (i) We all know why he has left the job.
(ii) I don’t know where he lives
(iii) I don’t know who you are.
(iv) Why they were late is not clear.
3. (i) Please inform me when you are coming here
(ii) Why they were late is not clear
(iii) I don’t know how this machine works
(iv) I don’t remember where you live.
(ii) Adjective Clauses
An adjective qualifies a noun or a pronoun. So an adjective clause also qualifies a noun or a pronoun. (विशेषण किसी संज्ञा या सर्वनाम की विशेषता बताता है। इसलिए Adjective Clause भी किसी संज्ञा या सर्वनाम की विशेषता बताती है।)
जैसे- This is the house where I was born.
(यह वह घर है जहाँ पर मेरा जन्म हुआ था।)
Here, the adjective clause ‘where I was born’ qualifies the house’.
(यहाँ पर adjectiveclause where I was born’ ‘the house’ की विशेषता बताती है।)
How to recognise an adjective clause ?
Conjunction (योजक) से पहले कोई संज्ञा या सर्वनाम अवश्य होंगे; (जैसे उपरोक्त वाक्य में योजक ‘where’ से पहले ‘the house’ था।)
Sub ordinate clause (Adjective Clause) ‘something’ शब्द को अपना स्थान नहीं देगी। (यदि ‘something’ उसके स्थान पर रख भी दिया तो वाक्य निरर्थक हो जाएगा; जैसे)
This is the house something.
(वाक्य निरर्थक है। Main clause से मुख्य verb से यदि प्रश्न किया जाए कि ‘कौन’, ‘कौन-सा’, किसे ?, किसका ? तो subordinate clause उसका उत्तर देती है; जैसे This is the house where I was born.)
Principal Clause = This is the house.
(प्रश्न करो-कौन-सा घर ?)
(उत्तर मिलेगा-where I was borm.)
(जहाँ पर मेरा जन्म हुआ था।)
Similarly we may have one more example:
The boy who is wearing a red shirt is a friend of mine.
Principal Clause = The boy is a friend of mine.
(प्रश्न करो कि कौन-सा लड़का है ?)
(उत्तर Subordinate Clause देगी-)
(‘जिसने लाल कमीज पहन रखी है।’)
‘Whois wearing a red shirt’.
Thus we can recognise an adjective clause.
Conjunctions of relative clauses:
(i) Relative Pronouns: who, whose, whom, which, that etc.
(ii) Relative adverbs when, how, where, why, etc.
Exercise 1
Combine the following pairs of sentences by using defining relative (adjectival) clauses:
1. The man composed this song. He is visiting us tomorrow.
2. I saw several houses. They were quite unsuitable.
3. She was dancing with a student. He had a slight limp.
4. The man was sitting at the desk. He was the manager.
5. This is Jhanda Singh. His son won the scholarship this year.
6. I saw a picture. It fascinated me.
7. I have bought a watch. It shows date.
8. I met Mohan. He gave me ten rupees.
9. I purchased a map. It helped me in finding the way.
10. This is Harish. His pocket was picked yesterday.
11.He painted a picture. It fetched him 10,000 rupees.
12. He is the man. I went to see him.
13. The man was sitting in the chair. I had gone to meet him.
14.1 was waiting for a man. He did not come.
15. He introduced me to Sheela. She has become famous for painting.
Answers:
1. The man who composed this song is visiting us tomorrow.
2. I saw several houses which were quite unsuitable.
3. She was dancing with a student who had a slight limp.
4. The man who was sitting at the desk was the manager.
5. This is Jhanda Singh whose son won the scholarship this year.
6. I saw a picture which fascinated me.
7. I have bought a watch which shows date.
8. I met Mohan who gave the ten rupees.
9. I purchased a map which helped me in finding the way.
10. This is Harish whose pocket yesterday.
11. He painted a picture which fetched him 10,ooo rupees.
12. He is the man with whom I went to see him.
13. The man whom I had gone to meet was sitting in the chair.
14. I was waiting for a man who did not come.
15. He introduced me to Sheela who has become famous for painting.
(iii) Adverb Clauses
An adverb clause functions as an adverb in the sentence.
(एक adverb clause में क्रिया विशेषण का कार्य करती है।)
Kinds of Adverb Clauses:
1. Adverb Clauses of Time (कब ?):
Conjunctions: when, whenever, while, after, before, since, as soon as etc. You may come to my office whenever you like.
The bell rang after I reached school.
The patient had died before the doctor came.
2. Adverb Clauses of Place (कहाँ ?):
Conjunctions: where, wherever, whence.
I left the car where it broke down.
You may go wherever you like Go whence you came.
3. Adverb Clause of Reason/cause (क्यों ?):
Conjunctions: because, since, as, etc.
I could not attend you properly because I was so busy.
Since you say so, I believe you.
4. Adverb Clause of Manner (कैसे ?):
Conjunctions: as if, as though, as Do as I tell you.
She behaves as though she is a fairy queen.
5. Adverb Clause of Purpose (उद्देश्य):
Conjunctions: that, so that, in order that, for fear that etc.
We eat so that we may live. He drove fast in order that he might reach on time.
6. Adverb Clause of Result (परिभाषा):
Conjunctions: So + adjective + that etc.
He worked so hard that he scored 80% marks.
7. Adverb Clause of Contrast/concession:
Conjunctions: though, although, even though etc.
Although he has crossed seventy, he is very active.
Though he is poor, he is very contented.
8. Adverb Clause of Comparison:
Conjunctions: as-as; so-as; than.
She is not so rude as her mother.
She is as bold as her father.
He speaks more softly than his friends.
9. Adverb Clause of Condition:
Conjunctions: if, in case, unless, whether, provided that, as long as supposing that, etc.
If you work hard, you will pass.
Unless you work, you cannot succeed in life.
10. Adverb Clause of Proportion:
The higher you go, the cooler it is.
Exercise 1
Combine the following sentences using an Adverb Clause in each case:
1. He injured himself. He was alighting from the bus. (use as or while)
2. The platform became quiet. The train had left. (use when or after)
3. Arrange these books. I have shown you. (use as)
4. I was very upset. I felt like ciying. (use so + adj + that)
5. Your brother is tall. My brother is taller. (use than)
6. You finish the work early. We can play tennis. (use if)
7. It was raining cats and dogs. They were playing football. (use although)
8. Mohan should start very early. It will be better. (use the earlier, the better)
9. My brother could not do homework. There was no power last night. (use because)
10. She dances extremely well. You cannot help clapping. (use so… that)
Answers:
1. He injured himself as/while he was alighting from the bus.
2. The platform became quiet after the train had left
3. Arrange these books as I have shown you.
4. I was so upset that I left like crying.
5. My brother is taller than your brother.
6. If you finish the work early, we can play tennis.
7. Although it was raining like cats and dogs, they were playing football.
8. The earlier Mohan start, the better it wifi be for him.
9. My brother could not do homework because there was no power last night.
10. She dances so extremely well that you cannot help clapping.
Compound Sentences:
A compound sentence has more than one main clauses. These clauses are joined together by co-ordinating conjunctions such as…… (and, but, yet, still, so, therefore, or, otherwise, neither……. nor, not only but also, either……. or)
(एक compound sentence में एक से अधिक main clauses होती हैं। ये clauses co-ordinating conjunctions के द्वारा जुड़ी होती हैं।
Co-ordinating conjunctions के द्वारा जोड़ी गई दोनों clause एक समान status की होती हैं।
He came in.
He saw everything with his own eyes.
He said nothing.
He came in and he saw everything with his own eyes but he kept silent.
(उपरोक्त वाक्य में तीन main clauses को co-ordinating conjunctions का प्रयोग करके जोड़ा गया है अतः यह एक compound sentence (संयुक्त वाक्य) है।)
Examples:
He should work hard or he will fail.
you can either eat an apple or you can drink apple juice.
He is neither intelligent nor is he a hard worker.
He is ill but he is still working.
He closed the shop and then he went to a temple.
Exercise 1
Combine each of the following groups of sentences into compound sentences using co-ordinating conjunctions:
1. He got the best treatment. He is not out of danger.
2. Mohan worked hard. He passed the examination.
3. He was absent. He was fined.
4. Vinod burnt the midnight oil. He did not get 1st division.
5. Kamla went to the market. She purchased a suit.
6. Work hard. You will fail otherwise.
7. Suresh is very rich. He is not happy.
8. You may write with a pen. You may use a pencil.
9. He knocked several times. No one came to open the door.
10. He is honest. He is faithful.
Answers:
1. He got the best treatment, yet he is not out of danger.
2. Mohan worked hard and passed the examination.
3. He was absent, so he was fined.
4. Vinod burnt the midnight oil, but he did not get 1st division.
5. Kamla went to the market and purchased a suit.
6. Work hard or you will fail.
7. Suresh is very rich, yet he is not happy.
8. You may either write with a pen or you may use a pencil.
9. He knocked several times, but no one came to open the door.
10. He is honest as well as faithful.
Exercise 2
Combine each of the following groups of sentences into compound sentences using co-ordinating conjunctions:
1. You may read. You may play.
2. The villager could note read. He could not write.
3. Radha’s marks were not high. She was able to get admission to a College.
4. Suresh is intelligent. His brother is dull.
5.1 lost my way. I asked a passer-by the way. Being new he could not guide me.
6. He took me to his home. He gave me good food. He helped me with money.
7. He taught me. He also gave me books free.
8. He is very rich. He is not proud.
9. Mohan is not at school. He is not at home.
10.1 am tired. I have been working all day.
Answers:
1. You may either read or play.
2 The villager could neither read nor write.
3. Radha’s marks were not high, yet she was able to get admission to a college.
4. Suresh is intelligent, but his brother is dull.
5. I lost my way and asked a passer-by the way, but being new he could not guide me.
6. He took me home, gave me good food and helped me with money.
7. He not only taught me, but also gave me books free.
8. He is very rich yet he is not proud.
9. Mohan is neither at school nor at home.
10. I am tired as I have been working all day.
Exercise 3
Combine each of the following groups of sentences into compound sentences using co-ordinating conjunctions:
1. Gopal passed. His sister failed.
2. Work hard. You will fail.
3.1 help the poor. You tease them.
4. He did not come. He did not send any message.
5. Hire a taxi. You will miss the train.
6. We visited Agra. We visited Mathura also.
7. You should give up smoking. You will suffer from cancer.
8. He talked. The teacher taught.
9. Our team played well. We won the match.
10. Our team played well. We lost the match.
Answers:
1. Gopal passed, but his sister failed.
2. Work hard or you will fail.
3. I help the poor while you tease them.
4. Neither he came nor sent any message.
5. Hire a taxi or you will miss the train.
6. We visited not only Agra but Mathura also.
7. You should give up smoking otherwise you will suffer from cancer.
8. He talked while the teacher taught.
9. Our team played well and we won the match.
10. Our team played well but we lost the match.
Exercise 4
Combine each of the following groups of sentences into compound sentences using co-ordinating conjunctions:
1. The horse reared. The rider was thrown.
2. He is fond of music. He plays very well.
3. He is slow. He is sure.
4. She must weep. She will die.
5. Don’t be a borrower. Don’t be a lender.
6. He is diligent. He will succeed.
7. God made the country. Man made the town.
8. He cannot speak. He cannot write.
9. He is rich. He is not happy.
10. Some praise the work! Some praise the architect.
Answers:
1. The horse reared and the rider was thrown.
2. He is fond of music and he plays very well.
3. He is slow, but he is sure.
4. She must weep or she will die.
5. Neither a borrower nor a lender be.
6. He is diligent and he will succeed.
7. God made the country and man made the town.
8. He can not speak, nor can he write.
9. He is rich yet he is not happy.
10. Some praise the work and some praise the architect.