HBSE 10th Class English Grammar Non-Finites

Haryana State Board HBSE 10th Class English Solutions Grammar Reported Speech Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 9th Class English Grammar Reported Speech

* Finite and non-finite Derbs Verbs दो प्रकार के होते हैं-
(a) Finite verbs
(b) Non-finite verbs

Finite का अर्थ होता है ‘सीमित’। इसलिए Finite verbs वे होते हैं जिन पर Number (वचन), Person (व्यक्ति) या Tense (काल) की सीमाएं होती हैं अर्थात इन Verbs को Number, Person या Tense के अनुसार स्वयं को बदलना पड़ता है, जैसे-
The boy wants a book.

The boys want books.
The boys wanted books.

I want a book.
He wants a book.
उपरोक्त वाक्यों में Verb ‘want’ Number, Person और Tense के अनुसार बदलता रहा है।

Non-finite verbs : जैसा कि नाम से स्पष्ट है, इन शब्दों पर कोई बंधन नहीं होता अर्थात ये Number, Person या Tense के बंधनों को स्वीकार नहीं करते और सदा एक समान रहते हैं, जैसे-
I want to swim.
He wants to swim.
They want to swim.
He wanted to swim.
She will want to swim.
The boys want to swim.
उपरोक्त वाक्यों में ‘to swim’ नाम का शब्द Number, Person या Tense के बदलने पर नहीं बदला।
यह एक Non-finite verb है। इस पाठ का हमारा विषय है-Non-finite verbs.

Non-finites तीन प्रकार के होते हैं-
(a) The Infinitive
(b) The Gerund
(c) The Participles.
इन Non-finites और इनके रूपों को निम्नलिखित चार्ट द्वारा दर्शा सकते हैं-

अब हम एक-एक करके इनका अध्ययन करेंगे।

A. The Infinitive

Form (रूप)-The infinitive का प्रयोग To के साथ (To+ verb) और बिना To के भी होता है। बिना To के Infinitive को Bare Infinitive कहते हैं।

वे Verbs (क्रियाएं जिनके साथ Infinitive का प्रयोग होता है :
1. Verbs followed by Infinitive-निम्नलिखित क्रियाओं के साथ Infinitive का प्रयोग होता है-
learn, remember, forget, promise, swear, consent, agree, neglect, refuse, propose, regret, try, endeavour, attempt, fail, care, hope, hesitate, prepare, decide, determine, undertake, manage, arrange, cease, seem.
He promised to work hard.
I hope to win the prize.
He managed to run away.
He decided to help me.
He tried to climb the tree.

2. Verbs followed by Infinitive alone or Object+Infinitive-निम्नलिखित क्रियाओं के साथ Infinitive या Object + Infinitive का प्रयोग होता है-
want, with, love, have, like, prefer, ask, help, expect, beg, mean, intend.
He wants to read the book.
He wants me to read the book.

I asked to see the officer.
I asked Mohan to see the officer.

I expect to do this work.
I expect Puneet to do this work.

3. Verbs followed by Object + Infinitive-निम्नलिखित Verbs के साथ केवल Infinitive नहीं लग सकता। Infinitive से पहले कोई Object लगाना आवश्यक है-
tell, order, invite, ask, oblige, compel, allow, permit, teach, instruct, war, urge, advise, tempt, encourage. request, forbid etc.
She invited me to take lunch with her.
The captain ordered the soldiers to fire at the enemy.
Father asked me to bring a book for him.

4. Bare Infinitive (Infinitive without ‘to’) बिना ‘To’ वाले Infinitive का प्रयोग निम्नलिखित अवस्थाओं में होता है:
(i) ‘to feel’, ‘to notice’, ‘to see’, ‘to watch’, ‘to make’, ‘to bid’, ‘to observe’, ‘to hear’, ‘to let’ af fout पश्चात, जैसे-
I let him read the book.
We made him apologize.
I saw her enter the garden.
She heard me sing a song.
He bade me go.

किंतु जब इन क्रियाओं का प्रयोग Passive Voice में किया जाता है, तो इनके बाद to सहित Infinitive का ही प्रयोग किया जाता है, जैसे-
I was heard to sing a song.
He was seen to enter the room.
He was made to go.

लेकिन, जब let का प्रयोग Passive Voice में किया जाता है तो इसके बाद बिना ‘to’ के Infinitive (Bare Infinitive) का ही प्रयोग किया जाता है, जैसे-
He was let play.

(ii) Ought’ एवं ‘used’ के अतिरिक्त Modal Auxiliaries के बाद Bare Infinitive (‘to’ रहित Infinitive) का ही प्रयोग किया जाता है, जैसे-
Can you lift this box?
We should respect our teachers.
Could you help me please?
It may rain today.
You need not go.
We ought to respect our elders.
They used to live here.

लेकिन, जब ‘dare’ तथा ‘need’ का प्रयोग Main Verb के रूप में किया जाए तो प्रायः ‘to’ सहित Infinitive का प्रयोग किया जाता है, जैसे-
He does not need to go there.
She does not dare to come here.

(iii) ‘had better’, ‘would rather’ तथा ‘had rather’ के बाद Bare Infinitive का ही प्रयोग किया जाता है, जैसे-
I would rather die than beg.
You had better stay here.

(iv) Except, than और but के बाद Bare Infinitive का प्रयोग करते हैं, जैसे-
I did nothing but wait for him.
He does nothing except play.
I would sit idle than go to the theatre.

5. Uses of Infinitive (Infinitive के प्रयोग)
(i) उद्देश्य को व्यक्त करने के लिए, जैसे
We go to school to study.
He came here to meet his friend.

(ii) Verb के Subject के रूप में, जैसे
To play with fire is dangerous.
To tell lies is bad.

(iii) Verb के object के रूप में, जैसे-
He wants to go.
She hopes to pass.

(iv) Verb के complement (पूरक) के रूप में, जैसे
His intention is to cross the river.
My hobby is to collect stamps.

(v) Question Words what, how. where के बाद, जैसे-
Tell me what to say.
I don’t know how to solve this sum.

(vi) Adjective के object के रूप में, जैसे-
I am very happy to see you.
It is bad to abuse others.

(vii) किसी Noun की विशेषता प्रकट करने के लिए, जैसे-
This cloth is easy to wash.
English is difficult to learn.

(viii) Noun या Pronoun की विशेषता प्रकट करने के लिए, जैसे
I have some letters to write.
Give me something to eat.

(ix) Too + adjective के साथ Infinitive के प्रयोग का अर्थ नकारात्मक होता है, जैसे-
He is too weak to walk.
(इसका अर्थ है वह इतना कमजोर है कि चल नहीं सकता।)
He was too angry to speak.
He is too poor to buy a bicycle.

(x) Adjective + enough के साथ Infinitive का वही अर्थ है जैसा वाक्य का, जैसे-
He is rich enough to buy a car.

(वह इतना अमीर है कि कार खरीद सकता है।)
Mohan is not intelligent enough to pass the test.

(xi) वाक्यों को संयुक्त करने के लिए; जैसे-
Separate : He went to the post office. He wanted to buy some stamps.
Combined : He went to the post office to buy some stamps.
Separate : He is very ill. He cannot sit up.
Combined : He is too ill to sit up.
Separate : I should come the next day. He want me so.
Combined : He wants me to come the next day.

Exercise 1

Insert ‘to’ where necessary before the infinitives in brackets :

1. He made me (repeat) the lesson.
2. She can (sing) quite well.
3. He will be able (swim) very soon.
4. You ought (go) today, It may (rain) tomorrow.
5. You needn’t (say) anything.
6. How dare you (open) my letters?
7. Can you help me (move) this table?
8. It is easy (find) fault with others.
9. Visitors are asked (not feed) the animals.
10. He tried (make) me (believe) that he was a police officer.
11. Would you like (come) in my car?
12. He heard a cock (crow) in a neighbouring village.
13. You may as well (tell) the truth. It will (be) easy (check) your story.
14. There is nothing (do) but (wait) till somebody comes (let) us out.
15. Iam sorry (disappoint) you but I can’t (let) you (have) any more money.
Answers:
1. repeat
2. sing
3. to swim
4. ought to go; may rain
5. say
6. open
7. move
8. to find
9. not to feed
10. to make; believe
11. to come
12. crow
13. tell; will be easy; to check
14. to do; wait; to let
15. to disappoint; let; have.

Exercise 2

Put the appropriate form of the infinitive (with ‘to ’ or bare infinitive) of the verbs given in brackets:

1. I made them (give) my money back.
2. This dress is simple (wear).
3. You ought (obey) your parents.
4. Why not (take) the day off?
5. He tried (make) me a fool.
6. Do you want (see) this film.
7. I wanted (help) her but I could not (meet) her.
8. He was heard (open) the door.
9. He doesn’t allow me (smoke) in his room.
10. Iam sorry (disturb) you.
11. riow dare you (open) my letter?
12. He would rather (die) than (beg).
13. The thief was seen (enter) the building.
14. This cloth is easy (wash).
15. He is too weak (walk).
Answers:
1. give
2. to wear
3, to obey
4. take
5. to make
6. to see
7. to help, meet
8. to open
9. to smoke
10. to disturb
11. open
12. die, beg
13. to enter
14. to wash
15. to walk.

* Dummy Subject ‘IT’ का प्रयोग-

Dummy या मूक Subject उसे कहते हैं जो वाक्य में किसी प्रकार का अर्थ देने के लिए प्रयुक्त नहीं होता, किंतु वह वाक्य रचना में सहायता करता है। It का प्रयोग dummy subject के रूप में कर सकते हैं।

It+ be के साथ Infinitive का प्रयोग –
हम जानते हैं कि infinitive का प्रयोग वाक्य के subject के रूप में हो सकता है, जैसे-
To smoke is wrong.
To play with fire is dangerous.

लेकिन इस प्रकार के वाक्यों के स्थान पर It + be के साथ infinitive लगाकर प्रयोग करना अधिक बेहतर है, जैसे-
It is wrong to smoke.
It is dangerous to play with fire.

इस प्रकार के वाक्यों को चार प्रकार से प्रयोग किया जा सकता है-
(i) It + be + adjective+ infinitive, जैसे-
It is easy to leam English.
It is bad’to abuse others.
It is wrong to tell lies.

(ii) It+ be + adjective + for + noun/pronoun + infinitive, जैसे-
It is wrong for you to smoke.
It is dangerous for a child to play with fire.
It is easy for Mohan to leam English.
It is wrong for you to tell lies.

(ii) It + be + noun + infinitive, जैसे-
It is a sin to steal.
It was a shame to cut those trees.
It is a pleasure to meet you.

(iv) It+ be + noun + for + noun/pronoun + infinitive. जैसे-
It is a shame for you to abuse him.
It is a pleasure for me to meet you.
It is a sin for man to deceive others.

Note 1. उपरोक्त नियम नं० (ii) में अगर adjective किसी व्यक्ति के गुणों के बारे में हो तो वहां ‘for के स्थान पर ‘of लगता है, जैसे-
It was selfish of Mohan to deceive Hari.
It was kind of you to help me.
It is nice of you to come here.

Note 2.Gerund या clause वाले वाक्यों को भी उपरोक्त तरीके से It+be + infinitive से आरंभ होने वाले वाक्यों में बदल सकते हैं, जैसे-
(i) Smoking is bad for you.
It is bad for you to smoke.

(ii) Playing with fire is dangerous.
It is dangerous to play with fire.
Note 3. Adverb वाले वाक्यों को It + be + Adjective के साथ बदलते हैं, जैसे
(i) He will certainly come.
It is certain that he will come.

(ii) She will surely pass.
It is sure that she will pass.

Exercise 3

Rewrite the following sentences beginning with “It” :

1. To cheat in examination is a sin.
2. To wash this shirt is easy.
3. Laughing at the beggar is very bad.
4. He said that. It was wrong.
5. I leam music. It is difficult for me.
6. He is abusing others. It is not good.
7. Your father helped me. It was very nice.
8. To serve our parents is our duty.
9. Playing is good for health.
10. Stealing is a crime.
11. To abuse others is wrong.
12. He will leam music. It is easy for him.
13. The bear is dancing. It is a fun to see it.
14. To take what belongs to others is bad.
15. To cross the river now is impossible.
Answers:
1. It is a sin to cheat in examination.
2. It is easy to wash this shirt
3. It is bad to laugh at the beggar.
4. It was wrong for bim to say that.
5. It is difficult for me to learn music.
6. It is not good for him to abuse others.
7. It was very nice of your father to help me.
8. It is our duty to serve our parents.
9. It is good for health to play.
10. It is a crime to steal.
11. It is wrong to abuse others.
12. It is easy for him to learn music.
13. It is a fun to see the bear dancing.
14. It is bad to take what belongs to others.
15. It is impossible to cross the river now.

Exercise 4

Complete the following sentences by adding an infinitive or an infinitive followed by other words. Use infinitive without ‘to ’ where necessary:
1. The robber forced the travellers …………….. .
2. No one heard them …………….. .
3. The children’s teacher made them …………….. .
4. I do not wish the neighbours …………….. .
5. The police would not allow anyone …………….. .
6. The conductor asked the passengers …………….. .
7. We expect the repairs …………….. .
8. You should not let that dog …………….. .
9. A spell of fine weather enabled us …………….. .
10. We have an hour to spare, so let’s …………….. .
11. Can’t you persuade your friend …………….. .
12. Most of us felt the suggestion …………….. .
13. They saw two men in dark overcoats …………….. .
14. The manager wants us …………….. .
15. That is the first time I have known your father …………….. .
Answers:
1. to part with their money
2. enter the room
3. repeat the homework
4. to disturb me
5. come near the scene of the crime
6. to take tickets
7. to be completed soon
8. attack people
9. to play a match
10. go out for a walk
11. to help me?
12. to be good
13. enter the house
14. to work hard
15. to smoke.

B. The Gerund

1. Form and Function (रूप एवं कार्य)-Verb (क्रिया) की Ist form के साथ ing लगाकर Gerund बनता है। यह क्रिया (Verb) तथा संज्ञा (Noun) दोनों का कार्य करता है।
2. Gerund का प्रयोग
(i) क्रिया के Subject के रूप में, जैसे-
Smoking is bad for health.
Playing with fire is dangerous.

(ii) क्रिया के Object के रूप में, जैसे-
I avoid smoking.
He risked going outside.

(iii) Subject के पूरक (Complement) के रूप में, जैसे-
Seeing is believing.
The worst thing was waiting.

(iv) किसी Preposition के Object के रूप में, जैसे-
She was fined for coming late.
He congratulated me on winning the prize.

(v) कुछ विशेष वाक्यों में, जैसे-
No smoking.
No parking.
We are looking forward to receiving her.

(vi) Busy और worth विशेषण के बाद, जैसे-
I am busy packing.
This book is worth reading.

(vii) यदि Used to से पहले [is, am, are] लगा होता है तो Gerund का प्रयोग करते हैं; जैसे-
He is used to making excuses.
I am used to visiting trade fairs.

(viii) object to के तुरंत बाद Gerund का प्रयोग करते हैं; जैसे-
He objected to giving me admission.
They objected to playing on the damp ground.

(ix) It is no use के object के रूप में; जैसे-
It is no use crying over spilt milk.
It is no use waiting for her now.

3. निम्नलिखित Verbs के बाद Gerund का प्रयोग होता है-
Stop, finish, dread, prevent, avoid, risk, admit, deny, start, love, hate, recollect, resent, delay, postpone, defer, enjoy, fancy, imagine, forgive, pardon, excuse, suggest, keep, understand, consider, miss, involve etc.^%- The time is over. Please stop writing.
He denied having seen the thief.
Please pardon my saying so.
Don’t risk going out in the storm.
I avoid meeting Mohan.

4. The Gerund and the Infinitive-
कुछ क्रियाओं के बाद Gerund या Infinitive किसी का भी प्रयोग हो सकता है-
begin, continue, attempt, intend, can’t bear, like, prefer, remember, forget, regret, permit, allow, advise, recommend, it needs/requires/waits, try, propose, mean etc.

Note (i) Remember, forget और reset के साथ infinitive का प्रयोग तब होता है जब ‘याद रखना, भूलना, अफसोस करना’ पहले हो और Verb (क्रिया) बाद में। मगर Gerund का प्रयोग तब होता है जब क्रिया (कार्य) तो पहले हो जाए मगर उसे ‘याद करना’, ‘भूलना’, ‘अफसोस करना’ आदि बाद में हो, जैसे-
Please remember to post the letter.
I remember meeting Mohan. I met him last week.
I regret to tell you that Ram has failed.
I regret beating my younger brother yesterday.

(ii) Need और want के साथ Gerund का प्रयोग Passive अर्थ में होता है, जैसे
Your dress needs repairing (to be repaired).
My hair wants cutting (to be cut).

(iii) Try के साथ Infinitive का अर्थ है, ‘प्रयत्न करना’, जबकि इसके साथ Gerund का अर्थ है ‘प्रयोग करना’ या ‘करके देखना’, जैसे
I tried to sleep, but couldn’t.
If you cannot sleep, try taking a sleeping pill.

(iv) Like+gerund का अर्थ है ‘आनन्द उठाना’ मगर Like+Infinitive का अर्थ है चाहना, सहमत होना पसंद करना आदि, जैसे-
I like swimming (i.e. I enjoy swimming).
I did not like to disturb her as she was sleeping.

Exercise 5

Fill in the blanks using the Gerund for the non-finite verbs :
1. It is no use …………….. (cry) over spilt milk.
2. …………….. (run) after the thief. I caught him.
3. I was praised for …………….. (catch) a thief.
4. He insisted on …………….. (buy) a new shirt.
5. …………….. (walk) is a good exercise for heart.
6. He suggested …………….. (break) open the door.
7. I am busy …………….. (Pack).
8. She is expert in …………….. (paint)
9. This book is worth …………….. (read)
10. Please stop …………….. (talk)
11. Would you mind …………….. (help) me a little.
12. She kept …………….. (weep) all the way.
13. …………….. (smoke) is injurious to health.
14. We are looking forward to …………….. (receive) him.
15. Seeing is …………….. (believe)
Answers:
1. crying
2. Running
3. catch
4. buying
5. Walking
6. breaking
7. packing
8. painting
9. reading
10. talking
11. helping
12. weeping
13. Smoking
14. receiving
15. believing.

Exercise 6

Fill in the blanks using the Gerund for the non-finite verbs :
1. My grandmother dislikes …………….. (use) face power.
2. She denied …………….. (take) anything from my bag.
3. I object to …………….. (write) on my walls.
4. He objected to …………….. (give) me admission.
5. Seeing the teacher the boys started …………….. (read)
6. Kittu hates …………….. (make) false excuses.
7. Brave people love …………….. (climb) mountains.
8. …………….. (cheat) in examination is bad.
9. She is fond of …………….. (make) stories.
10. The boy suggested …………….. (go) for a picnic.
11. What I hate most is …………….. (drink).
12. He admitted to …………….. (tell) lies.
13. She practiced …………….. (dance) everyday.
14. Forgive my …………….. (say) so.
15. Let us go for …………….. .(shop)
Answers:
1. using
2. taking
3. writing
4. giving
5. reading
6. making
7. climbing
8. Cheating
9. making
10. going
11. drinking
12. telling
13. dancing
14. saying
15. shoping.

C. The Participles

The Participles एक ऐसा शब्द होता है, जो क्रिया (adjective) तथा विशेषण दोनों का कार्य करता है। Participles तीन प्रकार के होते हैं-
1. Present Participle : Verb की Ist form के साथ ing लगाकर बनता है।
2. Past Participle : इसे क्रिया की III form भी कहते हैं।
3. Perfect Participle : Having के साथ क्रिया की III form लगाने से बनता है।
अब हम इन तीनों के प्रयोगों का अध्ययन करेंगे।

1. Present Participle के प्रयोग-

(a) Continuous Tense बनाने के लिए, जैसे-
She was sleeping.
It will be raining.

(b) एक adjective (विशेषण) के रूप में, जैसे
Barking dogs seldom bite.
He told me an interesting story.

(c) Subject के पूरक (Complement) के रूप में, जैसे
The girl was charming.
The work is tiring.
The story is interesting.

(d) Object के पूरक के रूप में, जैसे-
f I saw him running.
We heard the bombs exploding.

(e) एक साथ होने वाले दो कार्यों के लिए Present Participle का प्रयोग कर सकते हैं। ऐसे में Present Participle एक क्रिया विशेषण (Adverb) का कार्य करता है, जैसे-
He went away laughing.

(f) जब दूसरा कार्य पहले वाले कार्य का भाग हो या उसका परिणाम हो तो दूसरे कार्य के लिए Present Participle का प्रयोग कर सकते हैं, जैसे-
He fired, killing the tiger.
She went away, breaking my heart.

(g) दो वाक्यों को जोड़ने के लिए, जैसे-
I was lying on the beach. I saw a ship.
Lyiwg on the beach, I saw a ship.

2. Past Participle के प्रयोग-

(a) Perfect Tense बनाने के लिए, जैसे-
I have done my work.
Mohan has gone to Delhi.
Shfe had written the letter.

(b) Adjective (विशेषण) के रूप में, जैसे-
I saw a wounded bird.
The tired man took rest.
A faded rose does not smell.

(c) Subject के पूरक (Complement) के रूप में, जैसे-
I am tired.
The shops are closed.

(d) Object के पूरक के रूप में, जैसे-
I found the lock broken.
The news left me surprised.

(e) Adverb (क्रिया-विशेषण) के रूप में, जैसे-
He finished the work, greatly satisfied.
He left the hospital cured.

(d) वाक्यों को जोड़ने के लिए, जैसे-
The speeding car hit him. He died at once.
Hit by the speeding car, he died at once.

3. Perfect Participle के प्रयोग-

जब कोई एक कार्य किसी अन्य कार्य के पूरा हो जाने के बाद होता है तो उस कार्य के लिए Perfect Participle का प्रयोग करते हैं, जैसे-
(i) He milked the cow. Then he went to market.
Having milked the cow, he went to market.

(ii) He finished his work. He went home.
Having finished his work, he went home.

(iii) He completed his studies. Then he started looking for a job.
Having completed his studies, he started looking for a job.

Exercise 7

Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form (Gerund or Infinitive) :

1. Let me ……………. (go) home please.
2. This cloth is easy ……………. (wash)
3. He is used to ……………. (go) to cinema.
4. She objected to ……………. (take) part in the debate.
5. None knows where ……………. (stay).
6. His aim was ……………. (get) a gold medal.
7. He was afraid ……………. (complain).
8. He was happy ……………. (see) me.
9. How dare you ……………. (abuse) me?
10. Could you ……………. me please ? (help/to help/helping)
Answers:
1. Let me go (go) home please.
2. This cloth is easy to wash (wash)
3. He is used to going (go) to cinema.
4. She objected to taking (take) part in the debate.
5. None knows where to stay (stay).
6. His aim was to get (get) a gold medal.
7. He was afraid of complaining (complain).
8. He was happy to see (see) me.
9. How dare you abuse (abuse) me?
10. Could you help me please ?

Exercise 8

Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form (Gerund or Infinitive) :
1. You had better ……………. (stay/to stay/staying) here.
2. It is no use ……………. (wait) for her.
3. Iam looking forward to ……………. (meet) you.
4. He is rich enough ……………. (buy) a car.
5. ……………. English quickly is not an easy thing, (leam/to leam/leaming)
6. She was fined for ……………. (come) late.
7. Let him ……………. (go) now.
8. He wanted me ……………. (ring) in the morning.
9. He did nothing but ……………. . (laugh)
10. My watch keeps on ……………. .(stop)
Answers:
1. You had better stay (stay/to stay/staying) here.
2. It is no use waiting (wait) for her.
3. Iam looking forward to meeting (meet) you.
4. He is rich enough to buy (buy) a car.
5. To learn English quickly is not an easy thing, (leam/to leam/leaming)
6. She was fined for coming (come) late.
7. Let him go (go) now.
8. He wanted me to ring (ring) in the morning.
9. He did nothing but laugh . (laugh)
10. My watch keeps on stopping .(stop)

Exercise 9

Use the appropriate forms of the verbs given in the bracket:
1. I like ……………. my room clean, (keep)
2. The rice will grow well in the ……………. (come) season.
3. ……………. recklessly on the highway is dangerous, (drive)
4. He was too drunk ……………. (drive) home.
5. I prefer storybooks to ……………. my textbooks, (study)
6. ……………. the stolen car wasn’t easy for the police, (find)
7. Are you interested in ……………. a computer ? (buy)
8. The teacher warned her for ……………. late. (be)
9. They felt the floor ……………. (vibrate).
10. Please let me ……………. (go) home.
Answers:
1. I like to keep my room clean, (keep)
2. The rice will grow well in the coining (come) season.
3. Driving recklessly on the highway is dangerous, (drive)
4. He was too drunk to drive (drive) home.
5. I prefer storybooks to studying my textbooks, (study)
6. Finding the stolen car wasn’t easy for the police, (find)
7. Are you interested in buying a computer ? (buy)
8. The teacher warned her for being late. (be)
9. They felt the floor vibrating (vibrate).
10. Please let me go (go) home.

Exercise 10

Use the appropriate forms of the verbs given in the bracket (Gerund or Infinitive) :
1. His mother allowed him ……………. (do) as he liked.
2. He avoids ……………. (meet) me.
3. The teacher made him ……………. (repeat) the exercise.
4. The old man is too weak ……………. (walk).
5. It is easy ……………. (advise) others.
6. Please stop ……………. (make) noise.
7. He will be able ……………. (cross) the bridge.
8. He is intelligent enough ……………. (solve) this sum.
9. Stop ……………. (smoke) as it is injurious to health.
10. Let us go for ……………. (shop).
11. He is intent on ……………. (go) there.
12. I heard a cock ……………. (crow) in the morning.
Answers:
1. His mother allowed him to do (do) as he liked.
2. He avoids meeting (meet) me.
3. The teacher made him repeat (repeat) the exercise.
4. The old man is too weak to walk (walk).
5. It is easy to advise (advise) others.
6. Please stop making (make) noise.
7. He will be able to cross (cross) the bridge.
8. He is intelligent enough to solve (solve) this sum.
9. Stop smoking (smoke) as it is injurious to health.
10. Let us go for shopping (shop).
11. He is intent on going (go) there.
12. I heard a cock crow (crow) in the morning.

Other Exercises (Solved)

Fill in the blanks with Non- Finites:

SET 1

After circling the globe and (a) …………….. (look) at scores of museums, the trustees decided (b) …………….. (appoint) an eminent architect, Richard who had a rich experience of (c) …………….. (design) museums. Richard (d) …………….. (know) for his excellence, started working on this project in 1983 at on (e) …………….. (estimate) cost of 100 million and completed it in 14 years time after (f) …………….. (spend) a billion dollars. This is an act of (g) …………….. (do) something special (h) …………….. (enrich) our cultural heritage.
Answers:
(a) looking
(b) to appoint
(c) designing
(d) known
(e) estimated
(f) spending
(g) doing
(f) to enrich.

SET 2

Group life made the task of (a) …………… (collect) food easier, (b) …………… (Hunt) wild and fast (c) …………… (run) animals with weapons also became easier. Red Indian tribes used (d) …………… (hunt) in groups. Care of (e) …………… (bring up) the young also became possible in a group. Mothers could stay at home (f) …………… , (look) after the children. Thus they managed (g) …………… (get) their food by (h) …………… (kill) wild animals.
Answers:
(a) collecting
(b) hunting
(c) running
(d) to bunt
(e) bringing up
(f) to look
(g) to get
(h) killing.

SET 3

During elections, we can see the supporters of political parties (a) …………… (shout) slogans in the streets. Even the candidates walk on foot (b) …………… (greet) the people. They catch the opportunity (c) …………… (shake) hands with anyone they meet. Their supporters assure the people (d) …………… (solve) the problems (e) …………… (be) faced by them. They urge them (f) …………… (exercise) their votes in favour of their candidates. But after (g) …………… (win) the election it becomes just impossible (h) …………… (meet) these
leaders.
Answers:
(a) shouting
(b) greeting
(c) shaking
(d) to solve
(e) being
(f) to exercise
(g) winning
(h) to meet.

SET 4

It has been decided (a) …………… (build) a number of fly-overs in Delhi. That would mean (b) …………… (cut) hundreds of trees. It would certainly create ecological imbalance, (c) …………… (Think) that this balance should be preserved, several organisation have come forward (d) …………… (sustain) this green cover by (e) …………. (plant) new trees. They are also trying (f) …………… (create) awareness among the people.
Answers:
(a) to build
(b) cutting
(c) Thinking
(d) to sustain
(e) planting
(f) to create.

SET 5

(a) …………… (be) sick for a long time, Aruna stopped (b) …………… (take) interest in anything. She just kept on (c) …………… (think) about her illness. She would not listen to any advice. She developed a habit of (d) …………… (argue) endlessly (e) …………… (know) that it was more a mental problem than a physical one, a specialist began (f) …………… (treat) her on these lines.
Answers:
(a) Being
(b) taking
(c) thinking
(d) arguing
(e) knowing
(f) to treat.

SET 6

I know how (a) …………… (swim). I had learnt (b) …………… (swim) when I was a child. I like (c) …………… (climb) mountains also. But it is very efficient and dangerous (d) …………… (climb) the steep rocks. Once I decided (e) …………… (scale) a steep rock. It was a (f) …………… (thrill) experience.
Answers:
(a) to swim
(b) swimming
(c) climbing
(d) to climb
(e) to scale
(f) thrilling.

SET 7

(a) …………… (Teach) is a passion for some teachers. Rachna, (b) …………… (be) one such teacher wanted (c) …………… (conduct) an experiment for the improvement of results in Mathematics in her school. So instead of (d) …………… (teach) the whole class, she began (e) …………… (take) tutorials with a small groups of students. This method helped in (f) …………… (develop) a sense of confidence in the students and the results greatly improved.
Answers:
(a) Teaching
(b) being
(c) to conduct
(d) teaching
(e) to take
(f) developing.

SET 8

(a) …………… (Sit) on a soft chair or sofa for a long time, is the main cause of back pain. People (b) …………… (have) much fat, become victim of this disease. Those who are used (c) …………… (sit) in a wrong posture also suffer from this pain. It is, therefore, necessary not (d) …………… (sit) in wrong postures and not (e) …………… (use) a sofa seat for a long time. Steps (f) …………… (reduce) fat should also be taken.
Answers:
(a) Sitting
(b) having
(c) to sit
(d) to sit
(e) to use
(f) to reduce.

SET 9

It we want (a) …………… (live) in peace we should try (b) …………… (learn) the art of (c) …………… (give) ‘ more and more to others (d) …………… (build) beautiful cities is not enough. War will destroy them. What is needed is (e) …………… (purify) the inner hearts of the people, if we want (f) …………… (form) a peaceful society.
Answers:
(a) to live
(b) to learn
(c) giving
(d) building
(e) to purify
(f) to form.

SET 10

There was scarcity of rains this year. The villagers were seen (a) …………… (pray) to the Rain God. Their crops had withered. The money they had spent on (b) …………… (buy) the seeds was wasted (c) …………… (be) poor the small farmers could not buy new seeds, Even their young children had taken to (d) …………… (farm) fro want of jobs. The only hope left for them was (e) …………… (pray) to Gods (f) …………… (please) them.
Answers:
(a) to play
(b) buying
(c) being
(d) farming
(e) to pray
(f) to please.

SET 11

It was amusing (a) …………… (watch) him (b) …………… (follow) her. He tried (c) …………… (catch) up with her, but she was bent on (d) …………… (avoid) him.
Answers:
(a) to watch
(b) follow
(c) to catch
(d) avoiding.

SET 12

(a) …………… (Smoke) is very injurious to our health. We must not let our children (b) …………… (fall) a prey to this pernicious habit. Those who are addicted to (c) …………… (smoke) must be made (d) …………… (give) it up if they want to live a healthy life.
Answers:
(a) Smoking
(b) fall
(c) smoking
(d) to give.

SET 13

When the teacher saw Mohan (a) …………… (doze) in the class, he made him (b) …………… (stand) up on the bench. Mohan apologized to the teacher for (c) …………… (neglect) his lecture and promised (d) …………… (not do) so in future.
Answers:
(a) doze/dozing
(b) stand
(c) neglecting
(d) not to do.

SET 14

The cricket series between India and Pakistan was high history in the (a) …………… (make). However for an average cricket fan it was an (b) …………… (entertain) battle between bat and ball. The single-minded goal of (c) …………… (win) was responsible for India’s victory. The Indian team confirmed the idea of feel good (d) …………… (circulate) in the Indian Press.
Answers:
(a) making
(b) entertaining
(c) winning
(d) circulating.

SET 15

(a) …………… (Rise) prices is one of the major problems of the country these days. It has become difficult for the common man (b) …………… (survive). (c) …………… (Live) has become all the more difficult for the poor man, for they do not have enough (d) …………… (buy) the bare necessities of life.
Answers:
(a) Rising
(b) to survive
(c) Living
(d) to buy.

SET 16

(a) …………… (Set) a new precedent, the President of India on 17th April, 2004 urged his fellow citizens (b) …………… (vote) in the (c) …………… (come) Lok Sabha Elections (d) …………… (make) the largest democracy of the world a great success.
Answers:
(a) Setting
(b) to vote
(c) coming
(d) to make.

SET 17

It is difficult especially for lady teachers (a) …………… (report) for duty early morning at the polling centres which are situated as far as 20 kilometres away from their homes. Each time the pre-poll promise of (b) …………… (spare) them from duty is not kept. If it is not possible (c) …………… (spare) them, at least special arrangements should be made (d) …………… (carry) them to and from the pjace of duty.
Answers:
(a) to report
(b) sparing
(c) to spare
(d) to carry.

SET 18

(a) …………… (Hear) the story of my misfortune he agreed (b) …………… (help) me. I was happy (c) …………… (find) a true friend in this hour of trouble. But when he came to know about my requirement he refused (d) …………… (give) me any money.
Answers:
(a) Hearing
(b) to help
(c) to find
(d) to give.

SET 19

Summer is the right time (a) …………… (go) for (b) …………… (spot) the tiger. Corbett National Park, situated just at 300 km North-East of Delhi, is an ideal place for it. You can enjoy (c) …………… (see) the number of tigers (d) …………… (roam) about freely in the open.
Answers:
(a) to go
(b) spotting
(c) seeing
(d) roaming.

SET 20

He suggested (a) …………… (hold) a meeting (b) …………… (discuss) this issue. But his suggestion was turned down because the boss did not want (c) …………… (make) it public. By (d) …………… (consult) his confidants, he decided (e) …………… (put off) the matter.
Answers:
(a) holding
(b) to discuss
(c) to make
(d) consulting
(e) to put off.

SET 21

You had better (a) …………… (leave) his company and concentrate on (b) …………… (study) your books. I fear that he will not let you (c) …………… (study) properly if you don’t shun his company. He is very fond of (d) …………… (talk) on trivial issues. Your father wants you (e) …………… (become) a good engineer. You can’t achieve this goal if you continue (f) …………… (waste) your time in his company.
Ans
(a) leave
(b) studying
(c) study
(d) talking
(e) to become
(f) wasting.

SET 22

I resent (a) …………… (be) treated like this, I am used to (b) …………… (respect) others and (c) …………… (be) respected by others. I will not let you id) …………… (treat) me so rudely. By (e) …………… (speak) so rudely to me, you have made me (f) …………… (avoid) your company.
Answers:
(a) being
(b) respecting
(c) being
(d) treat
(e) speaking
(f) avoid.