Haryana State Board HBSE 10th Class English Solutions Grammar Articles Exercise Questions and Answers.
Haryana Board 9th Class English Grammar Articles
Articles :
The demonstrative adjectives a, an and the have been given the collective name ‘Articles’. These are divided into two categories :
(a) The Definite Article : The
(b) The Indefinite Article : A or an
The Definite Article:
Uses of the Definite Article:
(a) ‘The’ is used before a noun which has become definite as it has been mentioned a second time. When it is introduced the first time, it takes ‘a/an’.
(‘The’ का प्रयोग ऐसी संज्ञा से पहले किया जाता है जो दोबारा जिक्र करने के कारण विशेष हो जाती है। जब इसका जिक्र पहली बार करते हैं तो इसके साथ a / a n लगाते हैं।)
A man is going on a road. The man has a bag.
The bag contains clothes. The road goes to Kamal.
(b) It is used before nouns of which there is only one, or which are considered as one:
(ऐसी संज्ञाओं के साथ जो केवल एक ही हैं या एक ही माने जाते हैं।)
The earth, the sky, the weather, the North Pole
(c) It is also used with a noun of which there is only one example in some given situation.
(ऐसी संज्ञा के साथ जिसका किसी विशेष हालत में केवल एक ही उदाहरण है।)
The Principal is on leave.
Has the postman come yet ?
(d) The definite article is placed before the superlative degree of adjectives.
(विशेषण के तीसरे दर्जे से पहले ‘The’ लगाते हैं।)
He is the best teacher I have known.
She is the most intelligent girl in the class.
(e) When the nouns like English, Russian, French, and Greek mean language’ no article is placed before them. But when they stand for People (Nations), they are preceded by the definite article :
(ऐसी संज्ञाएँ जैसे कि English, Russian, French, Greek आदि के साथ अगर article न लगा तो उनका अर्थ है वह भाषा। लेकिन इनसे पहले ‘The’ लगाने से उनका अर्थ लोग या राष्ट्र हो जाता है।)
The English ruled India for a long time. They introduced English as a medium of education in India.
(f) The nouns like hospital, school, college, church, temple, prison, cinema, bed, table, market, office, etc. denote their primary function if no article is placed before them. The use of the’ before them makes them definite and particular.
(इस प्रकार की संज्ञाएँ जैसे कि हस्पताल, स्कूल, कॉलेज, गिरजाघर, जेल, सिनेमा, बिस्तर, मेज, बाजार, दफतर आदि से पहले अगर कोई article न हो तो उनका प्राथमिक कार्य स्पष्ट होता है। उनसे पहले ‘The’ लगाने से वह विशेष हो जाते हैं।)
He met with an accident and was taken to hospital.
When I came to know of it, I went to the hospital to meet him.
(g) It is used before singular nouns to represent a class of things.
(इसका प्रयोग एकवचन संज्ञाओं के साथ चीजों के वर्ग को बताने के लिए होता है।)
The donkey is lazy (All donkeys are lazy).
(h) It is used before an adjective to represent a class of things.
(इसका प्रयोग तब भी होता है जब किसी विशेषण द्वारा पूरे वर्ग को बताया जाए।)
The rich should not exploit the poor.
Today a gap exists between the old and the young.
(i) ‘The’ is used when we refer to a particular thing or a person.
(‘The’ का प्रयोग तब होता है जब हम विशेष वस्तु या व्यक्ति का जिक्र करें।)
In that group, the boy in red shirt is my son.
(j) The definite article is used before ‘first/second’, etc. and ‘only’.
(‘प्रथम द्वितीय’ आदि तथा ‘केवल’ से पहले ‘The’ का प्रयोग करते हैं।)
He was the first man to reach the party. Sunita was the second guest. In fact, she was the only lady present there.
(k) Before the plural names of countries.
(उन देशों के साथ जिनके नाम बहुवचन में हैं।)
The United States of America, The West Indies.
(l) Before Special meals; as (विशेष भोजनों के साथ।)
I take dinner at 9.00 p.m. (usual dinner)
but Are you attending the dinner being given by Mohan ?
(m) Article the is used before the names of the following nouns:
Mountain ranges : The Himalayas, the Alps. the Pyrenees etc.
Rivers : The Ganga, The Brahamputra, the Thames, etc.
Oceans : The Indián Ocean, the Pacific, the Antractic, etc.
Islands : The Andamans, The West Indies etc.
Holy Books : The Geeta, The Quran, The Bible etc.
Newspapers : The Indian Express, The Times of India. etc.
Magazines : The Reader’s Digest. The Competition Master. etc.
Historical Buildings : The Parliament. The White House. etc.
Historical Events : The First Battle of Panipat. The First/Second World War.
Trains, Ships. Planes : The Shatabadi Express, The Vikrant. The Ashoka. etc.
The Indefinite Article:
Form
The form of the Indefinite article is a or an. The form ‘a’ is used before a word beginning with a consonant. It is also used with a word beginning with a vowel which sounds like a consonant:
a pen, a table, a boy
also : a university, a European, a useful thing.
The form ‘an’ is used before words beginning with a vowel (a, e, i. o, u) or words beginning with a mute ‘h’.
an owl, an elephant, an apple, an hour, an honourable man.
Uses of the Indefinite Article
(a) It is used before a singular noun which is countable, when it is mentioned for the first time.
(इसका प्रयोग ऐसी एकवचन संज्ञा के साथ होता है जो गिनी जा सके और जब इसका जिक्र पहली बार हो।)
I see a bird on that tree.
A house has a roof.
(b) Before a singular countable noun which is used as an example of the class of things or species.
(ऐसी एकवचन गिनी जा सकने योग्य संज्ञा के साथ, जो चीजों के वर्ग या जाति का उदाहरण हो।)
A horse is an animal. A cow has homs.
A pine tree grows very tall.
(c) In the numerical sense of the word ‘one’
(‘एक’ शब्द के गणनात्मक भाव के रूप में।)
He gave me a gift.
Not a word was spoken.
(d) In expressions of price, speed, etc. ‘alan’ are used in the sense of ‘per’.
(‘a/an’ का प्रयोग कीमत, गति आदि के लिए “प्रति” के अर्थ के रूप में किया जाता है।)
Milk sells eight rupees a kilo.
He drives at forty miles an hour.
(e) The names of professions and occupations take the indefinite article:
(व्यवसायों या धन्धों के नामों के साथ हम Indefinite article लगाते हैं।)
My father is a doctor.
He grew up to be a politician.
(f) Sometimes ‘a’ can be used before Mr./Mrs./Miss + surname. Then it means a man/woman/girl of that name:
(कई बार ‘a’ का प्रयोग श्री/श्रीमती कुमारी के नाम के पहले लगता है। तब इसका अर्थ है कि उस नाम का कोई आदमी, औरत, लड़की आदि।)
Mr. Mehta came to see you when you were away.
(This sentence means : “Aman called Mr. Mehta came …..”)
(g) Use of ‘a’ before few and little :
(i) a few and a little mean a small number or a small amount (‘few stands for number and little for amount).
(a few और alittle का अर्थ है कुछ संख्या या कुछ मात्रा। few का अर्थ संख्या और little का अर्थ मात्रा से होता है।)
(ii) ‘few’ and ‘little without article have an almost negative meaning.
(बिना article के few और little का अर्थ लगभग नकारात्मक होता है।)
I am thirsty but I am afraid there is little water in the pitcher.
But there is a little water in the fridge.
The college reopened today but there were few students in the classes. A few senior students came to the college but remained away from the classes.
(h) To attribute the qualities of a man (usually someone famous) to another person.
(किसी प्रसिद्ध व्यक्ति के गुणों का जिक्र किसी अन्य व्यक्ति के नाम के साथ करने के लिए।)
He is a Shakespeare (He is a genius like Shakespeare).
Omission of Articles :
Articles are not used in the following cases :
(Articles का प्रयोग निम्नलिखित हालातों में नहीं किया जाता।)
(a) No article is placed before abstract nouns when they are used in a general sense.
(जिस भाववाचक संज्ञा का प्रयोग सामान्य रूप से किया जाता है तो उसके साथ article नहीं लगता।)
Honesty is the best policy.
Happiness is what everyone longs for.
But abstract nouns take “the” before them when they are used in the particular sense.
(मगर-जब भाववाचक संज्ञा का प्रयोग विशेष रूप से होता है तो उसके साथ ‘The’ लगता है।)
We must work for the happiness of all sections of society.
(b) The article is omitted before ‘man’ and ‘woman’ when they are used in a general sense.
(जब man या woman का प्रयोग सामान्य रूप से हो तो उनके साथ article नहीं लगता।)
Man is mortal.
Woman is considered weaker than man.
(c) The article ‘the’ is omitted before the names of meals when used in a general sense. But we use ‘the’ when a specific meal is mentioned.
(सामान्य रूप से प्रयोग किए जाने पर भोजनों के नाम से पहले हम ‘the’ नहीं लगाते। मगर जब भोजन का जिक्र विशेष रूप से हो तो ‘the’ का प्रयोग करते हैं।)
He invited me to dinner. We take breakfast at 8 a.m.
The lunch given by him was fine.
(d) Collective nouns such as humanity, labour, mankind, posterity, society, don’t usually take an article.
(सामूहिक संज्ञाओं के साथ आमतौर पर article नहीं लगाते।)
Society must take care of its old persons.
Mother Teresa has devoted her life to the welfare of humanity.
(e) Articles are not used before proper nouns :
(व्यक्तिवाचक संज्ञा से पहले articles नहीं लगाते।)
Shakespeare was a genius.
Mumbai is a metropolitan city.
(f) No article is placed before the names of metals, materials and games when used in a general sense. But when they are used specifically, the is placed before them.
(सामान्य रूप से प्रयोग किए जाने पर धातुओं, पदार्थों तथा खेलों के नाम से पहले article नहीं लगाते। मगर जब वे विशेष रूप से प्रयोग किए जाएँ तो ‘the’ उनसे पहले लगता है।)
Gold is a costly metal. Many people in India play cricket
The Gold found in Kolar mines is of superior quality.
(g) Articles are not used in certain phrases consisting of a preposition followed by its object :
(उन निश्चित वाक्यांशों में जहाँ preposition का प्रयोग कर्म के साथ किया हो तो articles का प्रयोग नहीं होता।)
at home, in hand, in debt, by day/night, on demand, at sunset/night, on earth, by land/water/air, on foot etc.
You must finish the work in hand.
He started the journey at day break.
Exercise 1
Fill in the blanks with ‘a’, ‘an’ or ‘the’:
1. The box was made of ……………. wood.
2. According to ……………. Bible, God Made ……………. the world in six days.
3. I saw ……………. one-rupee note lying on the ground.
4. ……………. rose smells sweet.
5. By ……………. united effort w’e may achieve success.
6. He is ……………. African by birth, not European.
7. ……………. camel is ……………. ship of the desert.
8. ……………. man is mortal.
9. This is ……………. first time I have asked for help.
10. My son will be old enough to go to …………… school next year.
Answers:
1. The box was made of wood.
2. According to the Bible, God Made the the world in six days.
3. I saw a one-rupee note lying on the ground.
4. Rose smells sweet.
5. By a united effort w’e may achieve success.
6. He is an African by birth, not European.
7. The camel is a ship of the desert.
8. ……………. man is mortal.
9. This is the first time I have asked for help.
10. My son will be old enough to go to school next year.
Exercise 2
Fill in the blanks with appropriate articles, wherever necessary:
1. Ink is ……………. useful article .
2. ……………. Taj Mahal is ……………. most beautiful building.
3. ……………. flowers in that vase are very beautiful.
4. ……………. Gold is found in Australia and South Africa.
5. The more you earn ……………. more you spend.
6. What are we having for ……………. lunch ?
7. He did not speak ……………. word in self-defence.
8. Have you read ……………. Ramayana.
9. ……………. owl cannot see during day time.
10. She thanked me for ……………. present I gave her.
Answers:
1. Ink is a useful article .
2. The Taj Mahal is the most beautiful building.
3. The flowers in that vase are very beautiful.
4. Gold is found in Australia and South Africa.
5. The more you earn the more you spend.
6. What are we having for lunch ?
7. He did not speak a word in self-defence.
8. Have you read the Ramayana.
9. Owl cannot see during day time.
10. She thanked me for the present I gave her.
Exercise 3
Fill in the blank spaces in the following sentences with the word or words given in brackets. Use either the plain noun, or the noun preceded by the (whichever you think is correct) :
1. In Austria the people speak ……………. (German).
2. ……………. (English) is spoken in many countries.
3. ……………. lunch given by him was fine.
4. Can you speak ……………. ?
5. ……………. (Italians) are a very musical nation.
6. ……………. wise should be sober.
7 ……………. (India) is a very large country in ……………. (Asia)
8. ……………. wisdom is better than wealth.
9. His uncle is manager of ……………. (Overseas Bank) in this town.
10. Everest is ……………. highest mountain peak in ……………. world.
Answers:
1. In Austria the people speak German.
2. English is spoken in many countries.
3. The lunch given by him was fine.
4. Can you speak ?
5. The (Italians) are a very musical nation.
6. The wise should be sober.
7 India is a very large country in Asia.
8. Wisdom is better than wealth.
9. His uncle is manager of the (Overseas Bank) in this town.
10. Everest is the highest mountain peak in the world.
Exercise 4
Insert a or an in the blank spaces in the following sentences:
1. ……………. elephant is a very strong animal.
2. He had always hoped that his son would go to ……………. university.
3. Italy is ……………. European country.
4. He has ……………. ulcer on his mouth.
5. Is there ……………. hospital in this town?
6. Everyone respects ……………. honest person.
7. His brother is ……………. university professor.
8. Ram is ……………. one eyed person.
9. He is ……………. M.P
10. ……………. honour was conferred on him for his services to his country.
Answers:
1. An elephant is a very strong animal.
2. He had always hoped that his son would go to a university.
3. Italy is a European country.
4. He has an ulcer on his mouth.
5. Is there a hospital in this town?
6. Everyone respects an honest person.
7. His brother is a university professor.
8. Ram is a one eyed person.
9. He is an M.P
10. An honour was conferred on him for his services to his country.
Exercise 5
Fill in the blanks with appropriate articles, wherever necessary:
1. Westayedat ……………. hotel in the centre of the town.
2. It is ……………. great honour to be invited to such a gathering.
3. The English introduced ……………. English as a medium of education in India.
4. ……………. honorary secretary is one who is not paid for his services.
5. The proposal was accepted by ……………. unanimous vote.
6. There is ……………. hourly bus service on this route.
7. ……………. pine tree grows very tall.
8. We shall come if we get ……………. opportunity.
9. That was not ……………. very honest thing to do.
10. He gave me ……………. one rupee note.
Answers:
1. Westayedat a hotel in the centre of the town.
2. It is a great honour to be invited to such a gathering.
3. The English introduced English as a medium of education in India.
4. An honorary secretary is one who is not paid for his services.
5. The proposal was accepted by a unanimous vote.
6. There is an hourly bus service on this route.
7. A pine tree grows very tall.
8. We shall come if we get an opportunity.
9. That was not a very honest thing to do.
10. He gave me a one rupee note.
Exercise 6
Fill in the blanks with ‘a’, ‘an’ or ‘the’:
1. I ate ……………. orange.
2. This is ……………. first university in Northern India.
3. ……………. Tribune is a daily newspaper.
4. ……………. dinner given by me was appreciated by all.
5. I shall be back in less than ……………. hour.
6. ……………. rose smells sweet.
7. New York is ……………. large city.
8. I respect him because he is ……………. honest man.
9. ………. little knowledge is ……………. dangerous thing.
Answers:
1. I ate an orange.
2. This is the first university in Northern India.
3. The Tribune is a daily newspaper.
4. The dinner given by me was appreciated by all.
5. I shall be back in less than an hour.
6. Rose smells sweet.
7. New York is a large city.
8. I respect him because he is an honest man.
9. A little knowledge is a dangerous thing.