Class 7

Haryana Board 7th Class English Solutions An Alien Hand Chapter 1 The Tiny Teacher

HBSE 7th Class English The Tiny Teacher Textbook Questions and Answers

Comprehension Check

Question 1.
The story of an ant’s life sounds almost untrue.
The italicised phrase means
(i) highly exaggerated.
(ii) too remarkable to be true.
(iii) not based on facts.
Answer:
(i) highly exaggerated.

Question 2.
Complete the following sentences:
(i) An ant is the smallest, _____ .
(ii) We know a number of facts about an ant’s life because _____ .
Answer:
(i) the commonest but the wisest insect.
(ii) people have watched their daily behaviour closely.

Question 3.
In what ways is an ant’s life peaceful?
Answer:
Ant’s life is very peaceful as each one does its share of work intelligently and bravely and never fights with other members of the group.

Question 4.
How long does it take for a grub to become a complete ant?
Answer:
It takes around a period of six weeks for a grub to became a complete ant.

Question 5.
Why do the worker ants carry the grubs about?
Answer:
Workers after feeding and cleaning them, carry them about daily for airing, exercise and sunshine.

Question 6.
What jobs are new ants trained for?
Answer:
The new ants are taught teaching and training. Ants learn their duties from old ants as workers, soldiers, builders, cleaners, etc.

Question 7.
Name some other creatures that live in anthills.
Answer:
Other creatures that live in anthills are beetles, lesser breeds of ants and the greenfly.

Question 8.
Mention three things we can learn from the “tiny teacher”. Give reasons for choosing these items.
Answer:
Tiny teacher can teach us hardwork, sense of duty, discipline, cleanliness, care for the young ones and loyalty.

Exercises

Discuss the following topics in groups:

Question 1.
(i) What problems are you likely to face if you keep ants as pets?
Answer:
If we keep ants as pets then we can face such problems like that ants can spread every where in the house and spoil the foods, etc.

(ii) When a group of bees finds nectar, it informs other bees of its location, quantity, etc. through dancing. Can you guess what ants communicate to their fellow ants by touching one another’s feelers?
Answer:
I think ants by touching one another’s feelers try to communicate their fellow-ants about their mother queen and young ones.

Question 2.
Complete the following poem with words given in the box. Then recite the poem.
Soldiers live in barracks
And birds in ……………….. ,
Much like a snake that rests
In a ……………….. No horse is able
To sleep except in a ……………….. .
And a dog lives well,
Mind you, only in a ……………….. .
To say hi to an ant, if you will,
You may have to climb an ……………….. .
hole, kennel, nests, anthill, stable
Answer:
nests, hole, stable, kennel, anthill.

HBSE 7th Class English The Tiny Teacher Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
How do we know a number of facts about tiny ants?
Answer:
We know a number of facts about tiny ants because people have kept ants as pets and have watched their daily behaviour closely.

Question 2.
When does the queen ant bite off its pair of wings?
or
Describe the wedding flight of the queen ant.
Answer:
The ‘queen’ ant bites its pair of wings off after its wedding flight. Its wedding flight takes place on a hot summer day. The queen leaves the nest and goes out to meet a male ant or drone high up in the air. On its return to earth, the queen ant gets rid of its wings and then does nothing but lays eggs.

Question 3.
Why do ants want alien creatures like beetles, lesser breeds of ants and the greenfly?
Answer:
Ants want alien creatures like beetles, lesser breeds of ants and the greenfly because:
(i) some give off smell pleasant to the ants’ senses
(ii) others give sweet juices
(iii) sum are just pets or playthings like cats and dogs to human beings.

Multiple Choice Questions (Mcq)

Tick (✓) the correct option:

Question 1.
Which insects are the smallest insects?
(a) the fly
(b) the worm
(c) the mosquito
(d) ant
Answer:
(d) ant ✓

Question 2.
The feeters of ants are also known as
(a) antennae
(b) feathers
(c) wings
(d) legs
Answer:
(a) antennae ✓

Question 3.
The commonest of all kinds of ants are
(a) black ants
(b) red ants
(c) either ‘a’ or ‘b’
(d) none of these
Answer:
(c) either ‘a’ or ‘b’ ✓

Question 4.
What are the homes of the ants called?
(a) nests
(b) anthills
(c) either ‘a’ or ‘b’
(d) neither ‘a’ nor ‘b’
Answer:
(b) anthills ✓

Question 5.
How many little rooms does each ‘nest’ have?
(а) a few
(b) not much
(c) thousands of rooms
(d) hundreds of rooms
Answer:
(d) hundreds of rooms ✓

Question 6.
Which of these statements is correct?
(a) workers have their reserved quarters.
(b) workers spend most of their time searching for food.
(c) some rooms of ants serve as store houses for the food.
(d) all of these.
Answer:
(d) all of these. ✓

Question 7.
The queen is the mother of
(a) particular ant
(b) the entire population of the colony
(c) none of the ants
(d) all worms.
Answer:
(b) the entire population of the colony ✓

Question 8.
The queen ant lives for about years.
(a) twelve
(b) ten
(c) fourteen
(d) fifteen
Answer:
(d) fifteen ✓

Question 9.
The is the ant’s cow.
(а) beetle
(b) greenfly
(c) lesser breed of ant
(d) none of these.
Answer:
(b) greenfly ✓

Question 10
ants guard the eggs.
(a) worker
(b) soldier
(c) queen
(d) smaller.
Answer:
(b) soldier ✓

Make Sentences

Use the following words in sentences of your own.
(a) entire
(b) population
(c) soldiers
(d) summer
(e) comfortable
(f) peaceful
Answer:
(a) Entire: The entire class was punished by the principal for being noisy.
(b) Population: India has the second highest population in the world.
(c) Soldiers: The soldiers of India fought bravely for the freedom of our country.
(d) Summer: We wear cotton clothes in summer because they absorb heat.
(e) Comfortable: I feel quite comfortable at my uncle’s place.
(f) Peaceful: The peaceful atmosphere in the house was disturbed by the jealousy between the two broth

The Tiny Teacher Word Meanings

Insect-a small animal = कीड़ा, Mosquito-a singing gnat = मच्छर, Worm-a small creeping insect = कीड़ा, Commonest-found everywhere = सामान्य, Wisest-intelligent = होशियार, Facts-truth = असलियत, Creature-living thing = जंतु, Feeler-something someone that feels = स्पर्शक, Greets-meet = अभिनंदन, Direction-side = दिशा, Attention-heed = सावधान, Comfortable-to live comfortably = आरामदायक, Passage-way = रास्ता। Barrack-place for soldier = सैनिकों के रहाने का स्थान, Grub-larva = सूँडी, Bravely-in a brave action = बहादुरी, Peaceful-quiet = शांतिपूर्वाक, Members-Belonging to a group = सदस्य, Bites-make by biting = काटकर, Drone-the male of honey bee = मधुमक्खी , Entire-complete = संपूर्ण, Rid-free = आजादी Hatch-to bring forth young ones from eggs = अंडों, Cocoon-silky case spun by silk worm=किंडा, Perfect-complete = संपूर्ण, Beetle-kind of insect = भृंग, Greenfly-a kind of green ant = हरी मक्खी, Alien-not one’s own = बहारी, Senses-ability to perceive = इंद्रिया ज्ञान, Sense-feeling = अहसास.Discipline-order maintained = अनुशासन, Cleanliness-neatness = सफाई, Loyalty-devotion = निष्ठा।

The Tiny Teacher Summary in English

The ant is the commonest and smallest in¬sects. Ant is the tiny and hardworking creature. Ant uses feelers to talk to other ants. The black and red ants are the most common. These live below the surface of the soil in an anthill. There are hundreds of rooms and passage in which queen lays eggs. Workers, soldiers, cleaners have a separate place to live. Ant’s life is very peaceful.

The queen is the mother of the entire population. Queen takes flight on a hot summer day. Soldiers guard the eggs. The grubs change into cocoons. Ants learn their duty from old ants as workers, soldiers, builders, cleaners etc. The small ant is ready to go into the world.

Ant’s wish beetles, greenfly to live in their nests. Some give off pleasant smell and others give sweet juice. Man is still behind ant in many ways and has to learn hard work, discipline, cleanliness and sense of dutifulness.

The Tiny Teacher Summary in Hindi

चींटी एक सबसे सामान्य और छोटा कीड़ा है। चींटी बहुत छोटी और मेहनती है। चींटी स्पर्शक के द्वारा दूसरी चींटी से बात करती है। काली और लाल चींटी सबसे अधिक पाई जाती हैं। यह धरती के नीचे बांबी (आंट-हिल) में रहती हैं। इनमें सैकड़ों कमरे और रास्ते होते हैं जिनमें रानी अंडे देती है। कार्यकर्ता, सिपाही, सफाई कर्मचारी के रहने के लिए अलग जगह होती है। चींटी की जिंदगी बहुत शांतिपूर्वक होती है।

रानी पूरे समुदाय की माँ होती है। रानी गर्मी वाले दिन अपनी उड़ान लेती है। सिपाही अंडों की रक्षा करती हैं। अंडे रेशम के कीड़े में बदल जाते हैं। चींटी अपना कर्तव्य, बूढ़ी चींटी से जो कार्यकर्ता, सिपाही, निर्माता और सफाई कर्मचारी का काम करती हैं, उनसे सीखती है। तब छोटी चींटी दुनिया में जाने को तैयार हो जाती है।

चींटी भंग और हरी मक्खी को अपने घोंसले में रखना चाहती हैं। कुछ मीठी सुगंध प्रदान करती हैं और कुछ मीठा तरल प्रदान करती हैं।
मनुष्य अभी भी चींटी से बहुत पीछे है और उसे चींटी से मेहनत, अनुशासन, सफाई और कर्त्तव्यनिष्ठा की सीख लेनी चाहिए।

HBSE 7th Class English Solutions

Haryana Board 7th Class English Solutions Honeycomb Poem 4 Chivvy

HBSE 7th Class English Chivvy Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Discuss these questions in small groups before you answer them.
(i) When is a grown-up likely to say this?
Don’t talk with your mouth full.
Answer:
Grown-up is likely to say when child is around three to four years.

(ii) When are you likely to be hold this?
Say thank you.
Answer:
You are likely to be told to say think you when you are around five to six years.

(iii) When do you think an adult would say this?
No one thinks you are funny.
Answer:
This is told when one learns to understand things.

Question 2.
The last two lines of the poem are not probhibitions or instructions. What is the adult now asking the child to do? Do you think the poet is suggesting that this is unreasonable? Why?
Answer:
Now the adult is in a confused state if the child is now grown-up and is about to enter his teens. In this stage he is on the verge of mak-ing out choices and taking his own decision.

Question 3.
Why do you think grown-ups say the kind of things mentioned in the poem? Is it important that they teach children good manners, and how to behave in public?
Answer:
Grown-ups have the habit of giving such instructions infact they feel they are very sensible and want the best out of children. It is must to teach children good manners so that they can set an example before others.

Question 4.
If you had to make some miles for grown-ups to follow, what would you say? Make at least live such rules. Arrange the lines as in a poem.
Answer:
Leave us free, let us breathe Air, we are the future of tomorrow, can’t we take our deci-sion, we shall not let you down.

HBSE 7th Class English Chivvy Important Questions and Answers

Make Sentences:
stare, noise, straight, interrupt
Answer:

• Stare : Why does he always stare at you?
• Noise : Don’t make so much noise.
• Straight : Stand and sit straight if you want to correct your posture.
• Interrupt : We should not interrupt when two people are talking.

Chivvy Poem Stanzas for Comprehension

STANZA – 1

Grown-ups says things like :
Speak up
Don’t talk with your mouth full
Don’t point
Don’t pick you nose
Questions:
(i) Who are Grown-ups?
(ii) To whom are the words being spoken?
(iii) Which word is repeated again and why? Are these instructions very sensible?
Answer:
(i) Grown-ups are elders and parents.
(ii) The words are being spoken to the children.
(iii) The word‘Don’t’ is being repeated again and again to give effect of negativism.
(iv) No, they are not very sensible.

STANZA – 2

Sit up
Say please
Less noise
Shut the door behind you
Don’t drag your feet
Haven’t you got a hankie?
Take your hands out of
your pockets
Questions:
(i) Do you think that these instructions are necessary?
(ii) What does these instructions show about the speaker?
(iii) Write any two more imsperative verbs as used by the speakers?
(iv) What must be the age of the listener?
Answer:
(i) No, these instructions are just ridiculous.
(ii) These instructions show that speaker must be a kind of dominant person.
(iii) Keep Get
(iv) The listeners must be around four to five years.

STANZA – 3

Pull your socks up
Stand up straight
Say thank you
Don’t interrupt
No one thinks you’re funny
Take your elbows off the table
Can’t you make your own
mind up about anything
Questions:
(i) Now the instructions have been turned harsh. What does this indicate
(ii) In these lines, in which stage is the listener?
(iii) Write the opposite of straight?
(iv) Which is the word rhyning with ‘Up’?
Answer:
(i) This indicates that the listener has turned around eight to nine years old.
(ii) The listener in these lines is in school goingt stage.
(iii) Opposite of straight is curved.
(iv) The word rhyming with up is interrupt.

Chivvy Poem Translation in Hindi

1. Grown-ups …………………….. you nose.
हिन्दी अनुवाद- बड़े लोग ऐसी बातें कहते हैं बोलो अपना मुँह रख कर मत बोलो, धूरो मत, इशारा मत करो, नाक में अंगुली न डालो

Word Meaning : Stare-to look continously = घूरना, Pick your nose-move your finger in the nose = नाक में अंगुली डालना।

2. Sit up………………………… your pockets.
हिन्दी अनुवाद- बैठ जाओ नम्रता, से बोलो कम शोर करो, अपने पीछे दरवाजा बंद करो, अपने पैर मत घसीटो, क्या तुम्हारे पास रुमाल नहीं है? अपनी जेब से हाथ बाहर निकालो।

3. Pull your …………….. about anything?
हिन्दी अनुवाद- अपनी जुर्राब ऊपर करो, सीधे खड़े हो धन्यवाद करो, बीच ने हस्तक्षेप मत करो, कोई नहीं सोचता कि तुम मजाकिया, अपनी कोहनी मेज से हटाओ। क्या तुम खुद नहीं कर सकते? हर बात पर खुद ध्यान दो।

Chivvy Poem Summary in English

In this poem the poet wishes to highlight the tact that how children get fed up about the instructions given regularly. Grown-ups keep on starting each sentence with the word ‘Don’t’. Infact all the talks are negative or imperative. These instructions make the child feel very fed up.

Chivvy Poem Summary in Hindi

इस कविता में कवि इस बात पर जोर देना चाहता है कि किस तरह से बच्चे दिए गए निर्देशों से परेशान हो जाते हैं। बड़े लोग हर वाक्य का ‘ऐसा न करो से आरंभ करते हैं। बल्कि सारे वाक्य नकारात्मक व आदेशात्मक रूप में होते हैं। इन निर्देशों से बच्चे बहुत तंग हो जाते हैं।

HBSE 7th Class English Solutions

Haryana Board 7th Class English Solutions Honeycomb Poem 3 The Shed

HBSE 7th Class English The Shed Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Answer the following questions
(i) Who is the speaker in the poem?
Answer:
The poet Frank Flynn is the speaker in the poem.

(ii) Is she/he afraid or curious, or both?
He is both afraid as well curious. He is afraid of the ghost and curious to know the truth.

(iii) What is she/he planning to do soon?
Answer:
He/she is planning to take a peep one day and take a look in the shed.

(iv) “But not just yet…” suggests doubt, fear, hesitation, laziness or something else. Choose the word which seeems right to you. Tell others why you chose it.
Answer:
The poet shows fear in depth of his mind. He can not gather courage to go inside the shed lest some ghost should attack him.

Question 2.
Is there a room in your house or a house in your neighbourhood/locality where you would rather not go alone, and never at night? If there is such a place and a story to go with it, let others heal all about it.
Answer:
Yes, in our house there is a basement. We are always afraid to go to that place. Infact this place is not fully complete So it is a house for dogs, cats, rats as well as for spiders, cocroaches. Getting into such a place is a great venture and lead may to any accident.

HBSE 7th Class English The Shed Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Where does the ghost hide, according to the brother?
Answer:
According to the brother, the ghost hides under rotten floorboards.

Question 2.
What does the brother threaten the ghost will do?
Answer:
The brother threatens that the ghost would jump out and chop off poet’s head.

Question 3.
Which word in the poem means :
(a) see secretely
(b) rusted and old
(c) the joints of a door
Answer:
(a) peep
(b) rotten/rusty
(c) hinges

Question 4.
Which insect lives in the shed?
Answer:
A spider lives in the shed.

Make Sentences:
Use the following words in sentences of your own:
staring, inside, listen, dusty, dare
Answer:

• Staring : I saw someone staring at me.
• Inside : Let us go inside and have dinner.
• Listen : Listen to the bells of the temple.
• Dusty : I cleaned the dusty door.
• Dare : You should not dare to argue with your teacher.

The Shed Poem Stanzas for Comprehension

STANZA – 1

There’s a shed at the bottom of our garden With a spider’s web hanging across the door, The hinges are rusty and creak in the wind. When I’m in bed I lie and I listen,
I’ll open that door one day.
Questions:
(i) What is the position of the shed?
(ii) How can we say that shed is not often used?
(iii) Where is the poet at the moment?
(iv) What is the poet eager for?
Answer:
(i) The shed lies in the bottom of the garden.
(ii) The spider’s web is hanging across the door and the hinges are rusty.
(iii) At the moment poet is in his room.
(iv) The poet is eager to enter the shed.

STANZA – 2

There’s a dusty old window around at the side
With thre cracked panes of glass,
I often think there’s someone starting at me
Each time that I pass,
I’ll peep through that window one day.
Questions:
(i) What is the condition of the shed?
(ii) Who is ‘I’?
(iii) What feeling does he get?
(iv) Why does poet not keep through the window every time?
Answer:
(i) The shed is dusty and its window panes are broken.
(ii) T is the poet Frank flynn.
(iii) He feels as if someone is staring at him.
(iv) The poet is afraid that there might be a ghost in the shed.

STANZA – 3

My borther says there’s a
ghost in the shed
Who hides under the rotton floorboards,
And if I everdare to set food inside
He’ll jump out and chop off my head,
But I’ll take a peek one day.
Questions:
(i) What does brother feel?
(ii) What quality does the poet wish to highlight?
(iii) Do you think the story about ghost is true?
(iv) What does word ‘But’ indicate?
Answer:
(i) Brother feels that there is a ghost in the shed.
(ii) The poet wishes to highlight that he is a brave person.
(iii) No, this story is figment of imagination.
(iv) The word, ‘But’ indicates that inspite of all possibilities the poet will look inside the shed.

STANZA – 4

I know that there isn’t really a ghost,
My brother tells lies to
keep the shed for his den;
There isn’t anyone staring or
making strange noises
And the spider has been gone from his web
since I don’t know when,
I’ll go into that shed one day soon,
But not just yet…
Questions:
(i) Why does his brother tell a lie?
(ii) Infact who is making noises?
(iii) Where has the spider gone?
(iv) What does ‘yet’ mean?
Answer:
(i) His brother tells a lie so that he can keep a shed for himself.
(ii) Infact the noises are being made by the spider.
(iii) The spider has gone to hide below the wooden board.
(iv) ‘Yet’ means that the time is not suitable.

The Shed Poem Translation in Hindi

1. There’s a …………………………. one day.
हिन्दी अनुवाद- बगीचे के तल में एक गोदाम है उसके दरवाजे से मकडी का जाल लटक रहा है। उसके कब्जे पर जंग लगा है और हवा चलने पर आवाज करता है। जब मैं बिस्तर पर लेटा रहता हूँ तो आवाज सुनता हूँ। एक दिन मैं वह दरवाजा खोलूँगा।

Word Meaning : Hinds-movable joint of adoor = कब्जा, Creak-sound made by doorn आवाज, Rusty-reddish crust formed on iron by oxidation = जंग।

2. There’s a ………………………… one day.
हिन्दी अनुवाद- एक तरफ धुल से ढकी खिडकी है जिसके तीन काँच के टुकड़े टूट चुके हैं मुझे हमेशा लगता है कि कोई मुझे घूर रहा है। हर बार जब मैं गुजरता हूँ मैं एक दिन खिड़की से घूरूँगा।

Word Meaning : Dusty-covered with dust = धूल से भरा हुआ, Cracked-broken = टूटा, Panes of-pieces of glass = काँच के टुकड़े।

3. My borther ………………………. one day.
हिन्दी अनुवाद- मेरा भाई कहता है कि गोदाम में भूत है जो कि सड़े हुए फर्श के नीचे छिपा बैठा है, और अगर मैं कभी भी पैर अन्दर रखने की हिम्मत करूँगा तो वह कूद कर मेरा सिर काट देगा, पर मैं एक दिन झाँकूगा।

Word Meaning: Rotten-in bad state = सड़े हुए, Chop-to cut = काटना, Dare-to venture = दुःसाहस करना।

4. I know ……………………………. just yet…
हिन्दी अनुवाद-मैं जानता हूँ कि वहाँ वास्तव में भूत नही है, मेरा भाई उस गोदाम को अपना घर बनाने के लिए झूठ बोलता हूँ। कोई भी न तो घूर रहा है और न अजीब आवाजें कर रहा है। और मकड़ी अपने जाल से चली गई है जबकि मैं नहीं जानता कब, मैं बहुत जल्दी उस गोदाम में जाऊँगा। पर अभी नहीं

Word Meaning : Staring-to look constantly = घूरना, Strange-In a different manner = अजीब।

The Shed Poem Summary in English

In this poem we get description of the shed. A shed is at the bottom of our garden and spider’s web is hanging across the door. The poet lies in the bed to listen to the sounds. In the shed windows are dusty and panes of glass are cracked. The poet peeps through the window. Poet’s brother feels that there is a ghost in the shed who hides under the often floor boards. The poet is sure that there isn’t ghost but a spider who is making a noise.

The Shed Poem Summary in Hindi

इस कविता में हम एक गोदाम का वर्णन पाते हैं। गोदाम हमारे बगीचे के नीचे है और मकड़ी का जाल दरवाजे से लटक रहा है। कवि लेटा इन आवाजों को सुन रहा है। गोदाम में खिड़कियाँ मिट्टी से भरी है और खिड़कियाँ टूटी हैं। कवि खिड़की से झाँक रहा है। कवि का भाई महसूस करता है कि गोदाम में कोई भूत है जो सड़े हुए फर्श के नीचे छिपा है। कवि को पूर्ण रूप से निश्चित है कि वहाँ भूत नहीं है बल्कि एक मकड़ा है जो शोर कर रहा है।

HBSE 7th Class English Solutions

Haryana Board 7th Class English Solutions Honeycomb Poem 2 The Rebel

HBSE 7th Class English The Rebel Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Answer the following questions.
(i) If someone doesn’t wear a uniform to school, what do you think the teacher will say?
Answer:
When some one doesn’t wear a uniform, teacher will say that next time we should not do so and regularity is a must.

(ii) When everyone wants a clear sky, what does the rebel want most?
Answer:
Rebels want rain when there is clear sky.

(iii) If the rebel has a dog for a pet, what is everyone else likely to have?
Answer:
If the rebel has a dog for a pet, what is every one else likely to have? Everyone is likely to have a cat when rebels have a dog.

(iv) Why is it good to have rebels?
Answer:
Rebels act as critics who always keep things under control.

(v) Why is it not good to have rebels?
Answer:
If one is a rebel then one will always be tensed.

(vi) Would you like to be a rebel? If yes, why? If not, why not?
Answer:
No, I world not like to be a rebel. As rebals do not get respect but a point of criticism.

Question 2.
Find in the poem an antonym (a word opposite in meaning) for each of the following words.
(i) long
(ii) grow
(iii) quietness
(iv) sober
(v) lost
Answer:
(i) Short
(ii) Die
(iii) Noisy
(iv) fantastic
(v) found

Question 3.
Find the given lines that match the following. Read both one after the other.
(i) The rebel refuses to cut his hair.
(ii) He says cats are better.
(iii) He recommends dogs.
(iv) He is unhappy because there is no sun.
(v) He is noisy on purpose.
Answer:
(i) The rebel refuses to cut his hair when every one has short hair.
(ii) He says cats are better when everyone loves dog.
(iii) He recommends dogs when every one loves cats.
(iv) He is unhappy because there is no sun when he wishes for sun.
(v) He is noisy on purpose when everyone wishes to be quiet.

HBSE 7th Class English The Rebel Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What is the rebel likely to do if others wear a uniform?
Answer:
The rebel will wear fantastic clothes.

Question 2.
Pick out words from the poem which is synonymous to the given words or phrases.
(a) to choose something over other
(b) to make comment
(c) appreciating and applauding
Answer:
(a) preference
(b) remarks
(c) praising

The Rebel Poem Stanzas for Comprehension

STANZA – 1

When everybody has a short hair,
The rebel lets his hair grow long.
When everybody has long hair,
The rebel cuts his hair short.
When everybody talks during the lesson,
The rebel doesn’t say a words.
Questions:
(i) Who are rebels?
(ii) What do rebels do when every body has short hair?
(iii) What do rebels do when every boy talks during the lesson?
(iv) Choose the word which is opposite of Retain.
Answer:
(i) Rebels are those who try to do everything is opposite direction.
(ii) When everybody has short hair, rebels wish to have long hair.
(iii) When everybody talks during the lesson rebels don’t say a word.
(iv) Cuts

STANZA – 2 

In the company of dog lovers,
The rebel expresses a preference for cats. In the company of cat lovers,
The rebel puts in a good word for dogs. When everybody is praising the sun,
The rebel remarks on the need for rain.
Questions :
(i) How do rebels react to cat lovers?
(ii) What do rebels wish for when there is sunlight?
(iii) What do rebels wish for when there is rain?
(iv) Choose the word which is opposite of presence?
Answer:
(i) Rebels wish to have company of dog-lovers.
(ii) Rebels wish to have rainfall.
(iii) Rebels wish for sunlight
(iv) Absence.

The Rebel Poem Translation in Hindi

1. When everybody …………….. hair short.
हिन्दी अनुवाद – जब सब के छोटे बाल होते हैं विरोधी चाहता है कि उसके बाल लम्बे हो जाए।

2. When every……………….adisturbance.
हिन्दी अनुवाद- जब सब पाठ के समय सब बात करतें हैं विरोधी एक भी शब्द नहीं कहते जो पाठ के समय कोई भी बात नहीं करता विरोधी परेशानी उत्पन्न करते हैं।

3. Whenevery body……..dresses soberly.
हिन्दी अनुवाद – जब सब यूनीफार्म पहनते हैं विरोधी रंग-बिरगें कपड़े पहनते हैं। जब सब रंग-बिरंगे कपड़े पहनते हैं विरोधी सादे कपड़े पहनते हैं।

4. In the ………………………………. for dogs.
हिन्दी अनुवाद- कुत्ते को प्यार करने वालो के बीच विरोधी बिल्ली के लिए झुकाव दर्शाते हैं। बिल्ली से प्यार करने वालों के बीच विरोधी कुत्तों के लिए अच्छा शब्द कहते हैं।

5. When everybody ………. absence of sun.
हिन्दी अनुवाद- जब सब सूर्य की तारीफ करते हैं विरोधी वर्षा की जरूरत पर टिप्पणी करते हैं। जब वर्षा का अभिनन्दन करता है। विरोधी वर्षा की अनुपस्थिति पर पछतावा करते हैं।

6. When every body ………………….. a book.
The rebel goes to the meeting.
हिन्दी अनुवाद- जब सब सभा में जाते हैं विरोधी घर रहकर किताब पढ़ते हैं जब सब घर पर रहते हैं और किताब पढ़ते हैं विरोधी सभा में जाते हैं।

7. When every body ………………… be one.
हिन्दी अनुवाद- जब सब कहते हैं, ‘हाँ कृपा’ विरोधी कहते हैं, ‘नहीं धन्यवाद’ सब कहते हैं ‘नहीं धन्यवाद’ विरोधी कहते है, हाँ कृपा कीजिए। – यह बहुत अच्छा है कि हमारे पास विरोधी हैं तो तुम इन में से एक होकर अच्छा महसूस नहीं करोगे।

The Rebel Poem Summary in English

In this poem rebel protests against everything. If one has short hair, he wishes to have long hair. If every body talks during a lesson, rebel keeps quiet. When every body wears a uniform, rebel dresses in fantastic clothes. In the company of dog lovers, rebel prefers cats. When everybody greets the rain rebel wishes for sun. when every body stayes at home, rebel goes to the meeting. So infact rebels keep everything in level.

The Rebel Poem Summary in Hindi

इस कविता में विद्रोही हर कविता के विरुद्ध आवाज उठाता है। अगर किसी के छोटे बाल हैं, तो वह लम्बे बाल की कामना करता है। जब सब लोग यूनीफार्म पहनते हैं तो विरोधी रंग बिरंगे कपड़े पहनना चाहते हैं। कुत्तों को प्यार करने वाला हो तो विरोधी बिल्लियों की परवाह करते हैं। जब सब लोग वर्षा का आगमन करते हैं तो विरोधी सूर्य की आशा करते हैं। जब सब लोग घर पर रहते हैं तो विरोधी मीटिंग पर जाते है। इसलिए विरोधी हर बात को संयम में रखते हैं।

HBSE 7th Class English Solutions

Haryana Board 7th Class English Solutions Honeycomb Poem 1 The Squirrel

HBSE 7th Class English The Squirrel Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Why does the poet say the squirrel “wrote question mark for tall”? Draw a squirrel, or find a picture of a squirrel sitting on the ground. How would you describe its tail?
Answer:
Poet finds the tail of the squirrel as a question mark because of the shape it bears. It’s tail is long, bushy and curved.

Question 2.
Do we usually say that an animal ‘wears’ a tail? What do we say? (Think: Does an animal wear a coat? Consult a dictionary if you like, and food out how ‘wear’ is used in different ways).
Answer:
We usually say that animal has a tail not that animal ‘wears’ a tail. Wear is used to indicate to have and to cover.

Question 3.
“He liked to tease and play”. Who is teasing whom? How?
Answer:
Children liked to tease and play with the squirrel. They run around the tree and hide behind the tree.

HBSE 7th Class English The Squirrel Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Give the rhyming word for way.
Answer:
Play.

Question 2.
Which other animal has a curved tail that is never straight?
Answer:
Dog.

Make Sentences:
Wore, Straight, Tease, The other way
Answer:
(a) Wore : I wore a pretty dress on my birthday.
(b) Straight : Sit straight otherwise you’ll spoil your posture.
(c) Tease : Don’t tease the little dog.
(d) The other : You have come in the way wrong direction, go the other way.

The Squirrel Poem Stanzas for Comprehension

STANZA – 1

He wore a question mark for tail,
An overcoat of gray.
He sat up straight to eat a nut.
Questions :
(i) Who is ‘He’?
(ii) What is the shape of questions mark?
(iii) What is the colour of skin?
(iv) What does he like to eat?
Answer:
(i) lie is a squirrel.
(ii) The squirrel’s tail is a question mark.
(iii) The skin is grey in colour.
(iv) He likes to eat a not.

STANZA – 2

He liked to tease and play,
And if we ran around his tree,
He went the other way.
Questions :
(i) Who is the author?
(ii) What does he enjoy?
(iii) Who are ‘We’?
(iv) What does this action of squirrel show?
Answer:
(i) The author is ‘Mildrid Bowers’ Armstrong.
(ii) He enjoys teasing and playing.
(iii) ‘We’are the children.
(iv) This action of squirrel shows action that squirrel is very active.

The Squirrel Poem Translation in Hindi

1. He were a question mark for tail,
An overcoat of gray.
He sat up straight to eat a nut.
हिन्दी अनुवाद – उसने पूँछ के लिए प्रश्न चित्र लगागा उसकी खाल भूरे रंग की हैं वं्ष सीधा बैठ कर मूँगफली खाने लगा।

2. He liked to tease and play,
And if we ran around his tree,
He went the other way.
हिन्दी अनुवाद् – उसको छेड़ना और खेलना पसंद था अगर हम उस पेड़ के चारों तरफ दौड़ते वह दूसरी तरफ चला जाता”।

The Squirrel Poem Summary in English

Squirrel is sitting on the trunk of a tree and eating a nut. It’s tail looks a question mark. Squirrel has a grey skin and likes to eat a nut. He likes to go around the tree and play.

The Squirrel Poem Summary in Hindi

गिलहरी तने पर सीधा बैठ कर मूँगफली खा रही है। उसकी पूँछु प्रश्न चिह्न की तरह लगती है। गिलहरी की खाल गूरे रंग की है और वह मूँगफल्ली खाना पसन्द करती है। वह पेड़ के चारों तरफ जाकर खंलना चाहती हैं।

HBSE 7th Class English Solutions

Haryana Board HBSE 7th Class English Solutions Honeycomb & An Alien Hand

HBSE 7th Class English Solutions Honeycomb

HBSE Haryana Board 7th Class English Honeycomb Prose

• Chapter 1 Three Questions
• Chapter 2 A Gift of Chappals
• Chapter 3 Gopal and the Hilsa-Fish
• Chapter 4 The Ashes that Made Trees Bloom
• Chapter 5 Quality
• Chapter 6 Expert Detectives
• Chapter 7 The Invention of Vita Wonk
• Chapter 8 Fire: Friend and Foe
• Chapter 9 A Bicycle in Good Repair
• Chapter 10 The Story of Cricket

HBSE Haryana Board 7th Class English Honeycomb Poem

• Poem 1 The Squirrel
• Poem 2 The Rebel
• Poem 3 The Shed
• Poem 4 Chivvy
• Poem 5 Trees
• Poem 6 Mystery of the Talking Fan
• Poem 7 Dad and the Cat and the Tree
• Poem 8 Meadow Surprises
• Poem 9 Garden Snake

HBSE 7th Class English Solutions An Alien Hand

HBSE Haryana Board 7th Class English Supplementary Reader An Alien Hand

• Chapter 1 The Tiny Teacher
• Chapter 2 Bringing Up Kari
• Chapter 3 The Desert
• Chapter 4 The Cop and the Anthem
• Chapter 5 Golu Grows a Nose
• Chapter 6 I Want Something in a Cage
• Chapter 7 Chandni
• Chapter 8 The Bear Story
• Chapter 9 A Tiger in the House
• Chapter 10 An Alien Hand

Haryana State Board HBSE 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 10 Respiration in Organisms Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 10 Respiration in Organisms

HBSE 7th Class Science Respiration in Organisms Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Why does an athlete breathe faster and deeper than usual after finishing the race?
Answer:
During the race, the athlete has to run very fast. The demand for energy at that time increases, which increase the demand for more supply of oxygen, so, athlete has to breathe faster and deep to inhale more oxygen.

Question 2.
List the similarities and differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
Answer:
Differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration :

Similarities : (Both aerobic and anaerobic respiration produce energy and give out carbon dioxide.

Question 3.
Why do we often sneeze when we inhale, a lot of dust-laden air?
Answer:
We sneeze to get rid of the unwanted particles like dust etc from our body. It allows only clean and dust free air to enter our body.

Question 4.
Take three test tubes. Fill 3/4th of each tube with water. Label them A, B and C. Keep a snail in test tube A; a water plant in test tube B and in C, keep snail and plant both. Which test tube will have highest concentration of CO₂?
Answer:
There will be highest concentration of CO₂ in tube A.

Question 5.
Tick the correct answer :
(a) In cockroaches air enters the body through :
(i) Lungs
(ii) Gills
(iii) Spiracles
(iv) Skin
Answer:
(iii) Spiracles

(b) During heavy exercise, we get cramps in the legs due to the accumulation of :
(i) carbon dioxide
(ii) lactic acid
(iii) alcohol
(iv) water
Answer:
(ii) lactic acid

(c) Normal range of breathing rate per minute in an average adult person at rest is :
(i) 9-12
(ii) 15-18
(iii) 21-24
(iv) 30-33
Answer:
(ii) 15-18

(d) During exhalation, the ribs :
(i) move outwards
(ii) move downwards
(iii) move upwards
(iv) do not move at all
Answer:
(ii) move downwards.

Question 6.
Match the items in column I with those in column II.

Answer:
(a) (iii)
(b) (iv)
(c) (i)
(d) (v)
(e) (ii)
(f) (vi).

Question 7.
Make ‘T’ if the statement is true and ‘f if it is false.
(i) During heavy exercise the breathing rate of a person slows down. (T/F)
(ii) Plants carry out photosynthesis only during the day and respiration only at night. (T/F)
(iii) Frogs breathe through their skins as well as their lungs. (T/F)
(iv) The fishes have lungs for respiration. (T/F)
(v) The size of the chest cavity increases during inhalation. (T/F)
Answer:
(i) False
(ii) False
(iii) True
(iv) False
(v) True.

Question 9.
Given below is a square of letters in which are hidden different words related to respiration in organisms. These words may be present in any direction – upwards, downwards, or along the diagonals. Find the words for your respiratory system. Clues about those words are given below the square.

(i) The air tubes of insects.
(ii) Skeletal structures surrounding chest cavity.
(iii) Muscular floor of chest cavity.
(iv) Tiny pores on the surface of leaf.
(v) Small openings on the sides of the body of an insect.
(vi) The respiratory organs of human beings.
(vii) The openings through which we inhale.
(viii) An anaerobic organism.
(ix) An organism with tracheal system.
Answer:
(i) Trachea
(ii) Ribs
(iii) Diaphragm
(iv) stomata
(v) spiracles
(vi) lungs
(vii) nostrils
(viii) yeast
(ix) ant.

Question 10.
The mountaineers carry oxygen with them because :
(a) At an altitude of more than 5 km there is no air.
(b) The amount of air available to a person is less than that available on the ground.
(c) The temperature of air is higher than that on the ground.
(d) The pressure of air is higher than that on the grow.
Answer:
(b) The amount of air available to a person is less than that available on the ground.

Extended Learning – Activities and Projects

Question 1.
Observe fish in an aquarium. You will find flap like structures on both sides of their heads. These are flaps which cover the gills. These flaps open and close alternately. On the basis of these observations, explain the process of respiration in the fish.
Answer:
Do yourself. Take help your teacher.

Question 2.
Visit a local doctor. Learn about the harmful effects of smoking. You can also collect material on this topic from other sources. You can seek help of your teacher or parents. Find out the percentage of people of your area w ho smoke. If you have a smoker in your family, confront him with the material that you have collected.
Answer:
Do yourself.

Question 3.
Visit a doctor. Find out about artificial respiration. Ask the doctor:
(a) When does a person need artificial respiration?
(b) Does the person need to be kept on artificial respiration temporarily or permanently?
(c) From where can the person get supply of oxygen for artificial respiration?
Answer:
Do yourself.

Question 4.
Measure the breathing rate of the members of your family and some of your friends. Investigate :
(a) If the breathing rate of children is different from that of adults.
(b) If the breathing rate of males is different from that of females.
If there is a difference in any of these cases, try to find the reason.
Answer:
Do yourself.

HBSE 7th Class Science Respiration in Organisms Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is respiration?
Answer:
Respiration is a process of taking oxygen into the cells to break down simple food materials to release energy.

Question 2.
What is breathing?
Answer:
Breathing is inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide.

Question 3.
Where does cellular respiration take place?
Answer:
Cellular respiration takes place inside the cells of the body.

Question 4.
What is aerobic respiration?
Answer:
Process of respiration taking place in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration.

Question 5.
What is anaerobic respiration?
Answer:
Process of respiration without the presence of oxygen is called anaerobic respiration.

Question 6.
Does the process of anaerobic respiration take place in human body?
Answer:
Yes, during heavy physical activities, when supply of oxygen is not sufficient, anaerobic respiration takes place in the muscle cells.

Question 7.
What is diaphragm?
Answer:
Diaphragm is a large muscular sheet which forms the floor of the chest cavity.

Question 8.
Name the main respiratory organs in mammals.
Answer:
Lungs are the main respiratory organs in the mammals.

Question 9.
Name the main respiratory organs in insects.
Answer:
Spiracles and tracheae are the main respiratory organs in insects.

Question 10.
Name the respiratory organs in the fish.
Answer:
Gills are the respiratory organs in the fish.

Question 11.
How does earthworm respirate?
Answer:
Earthworm respires through its moist skin.

Question 12.
Where does exchange of gases take place in plants?
Answer:
In plants the exchange of gases takes place through tiny openings called stomata on the leaves.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Differentiate between breathing and respiration.
Answer:
Breathing and respiration have following differences:

Question 2.
How does aerobic respiration takes place?
Answer:
In aerobic respiration oxygen is taken into the cells. The food is broken down into simple food materials and energy is released. Carbon dioxide and water is also released.
Gulcose \(\frac{\text { presence of }}{\text { Oxygen }}\) Carbon dioxide + water + energy

Question 3.
What is breathing rate? How is it counted and what is the breathing rate in an adult at the position of rest?
Answer:
Breathing rate is the number of times a person breathes in a minute. To count the breathing rate, we have to count an inhalation and an exhalation as one. Breathing rate in an adult at rest is 15-18 times in a minute.

Question 4.
How is air pushed out during exhalation?
Answer:
During exhalation the ribs move downwards and inwards. The diaphragm moves up and chest cavity gets contracted and air is thrown out.

Question 5.
How do insects breathe?
Answer:
Insects have small openings on the outside of their bodies. These openings are called spiracles, which are connected to the air pipes called tracheae. In tracheae the exchange of gases take place.

Question 6.
How are frogs peculiar in their way of breathing?
Answer:
Frogs breathe differently in water and differently on land. They use their moist skin to breathe in water. They use lungs to breathe on land.

Question 7.
How do plants respirate?
Answer:
Plants also take in oxygen and give out carbon dioxide for respiration. They have small openings called stomata on the surface of there leaves. Exchange of gases take place through these openings.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain the process of respiration.
Answer:
In respiration, there is a gaseous exchange between the organism and the environment. The process of respiration can be divided in two parts. Breathing and cellular respiration.

Breathing or external respiration: Oxygen is inhaled and Carbon dioxide is exhaled during breathing. This process takes place out side the cells and, thus is called external breathing.

Cellular respiration or internal respiration : This is a biochemical process which takes place inside the cells of the body. In this process food i.e. glucose is broken into simpler forms. Energy is released during this process which is used by body to perform various functions. Carbon dioxide and water is also released. The Carbon dioxide is expelled out during breathing.
Food + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy.

Question 2.
Explain the process of respiration in plants.
Answer:
In plants the process of respiration leads to the release of energy. It is a cellular process in which molecules of glucose break down in the presence of oxygen to release energy along with water and carbon dioxide. Exchange of gases take place through small openings on the surface of the leaves. These are called stomata. Lower plants lack the organs of breathing. In such plants gaseous exchange occurs due to simple process of diffusion. The rate of exchange of gases in plants is not as fast as in animals.

Respiration in Organisms Class 7 HBSE Notes

• Respiration is a process of taking oxygen into the cells in order to break down simple food materials to release energy and eliminate waste products.
• Breathing is inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide.
• Breathing takes place out side the cells.
• Cellular respiration takes place inside the cells.
• Inside the Cells the food is broken into water and carbon dioxide. This is called cellular respiration. This process releases a lot of energy.
• When the process of respiration takes place in the presence of oxygen, it is called aerobic respiration.
• When the process of respiration takes place in the absence of oxygen, it is called anaerobic respiration.
• Human beings have a fully developed respiratory system.
• Nostrils inhale oxygen, which reaches the lungs through the nasal cavity.
• Lungs are organs, where the exchange of gases takes place. Carbon dioxide is expelled out and oxygen is consumed for cellular respiration.
• Smaller animals like cockroaches have structures called spiracles, for breathing. Earthworms breathe through their skin and fish have gills for respiration.
• In both plants and animals, mitochondria is the site of respiration.

Haryana State Board HBSE 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 9 Soil Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 9 Soil

HBSE 7th Class Science Soil Textbook Questions and Answers

Tick the most suitable answer in questions 1 and 2.

Question 1.
In addition to the rock particles, the soil contains:
(i) air and water,
(ii) water and plants
(iii) minerals, organic matter, air and water
(iv) water, air and plants.
Answer:
(iii) minerals, organic matter, air and water.

Question 2.
The water holding capacity is the highest in:
(i) sandy soil
(ii) clayey soil
(iii) loamy soil
(iv) mixture of sand and loam
Answer:
(iii) loamy soil.

Question 3.
Match the items in column I with those in column II:

Answer:

Question 4.
Explain how soil is formed.
Answer:
Soil has been formed from parent rock material over millions of years. The process by which soil formation takes place is called weathering. Weathering is a very slow and gradual process during which parent rock material breaks down into fine particles.

The agents which bring about weathering are many. These are described below:
1. Temperature changes:
Rocks expand when heated and contract when cooled. The hot sun causes the surface layers of rocks to expand more than the layers deeper down. These changes cause the rock surface to break apart.

2. Frost:
Rainwater may become trapped in small crevices of the parent rock. In winter, this water freezes to ice. The ice expands producing a lateral pressure, causing the crevices in the rocks to further open up.

3. Water:
Continual movement of rain and river water, in liquid form, causes breaking down of rock particles into finer particles through their abrasive effect.

4. Wind:
Wind blowing across a rock surface also has a abrasive effect on the rocks. Minute rock particles are carried away by the blowing wind and deposited elsewhere.

Question 5.
How is clayey soil useful for crops?
Answer:
Clayey soils are very useful for crops, because these soils:
(i) contain humus, providing fertility to the soil
(ii) hold sufficient water due to the presence of smaller particles, and
(iii) contain enough air due to the presence of some large particles alsy.

Question 6.
List the differences between clayey soil and sandy soil.
Answer:
Clayey soil:
Clayey soil contains more than 50% of clay particles. Since the clay particles are very small in size, they are very tightly packed and do not allow water to drain out easily. It is poorly aerated because the tightly bound clay particles leave little space in between to trap air. Clayey soil is very sticky and thus tilling the soil is very difficult. However, it is rich in minerals which makes it suitable for plant growth. Due to the great binding capacity of its particles, clayey soil is used for making toys and pots.

Sandy soil:
Sandy soil contains about 60% of sand particles with small amounts of silt and clay. It is very porous and its water holding capacity is very low as all the water easily runs down through the large pores. This type of soil is, therefore, not good for the growth of plants. It is found mainly in the deserts.

Question 7.
Sketch the cross section of soil and label the various layers.
Answer:
Soil profile

Question 8.
Razia conducted an experiment in the field related to the rate of percolation. She observed that it took 40 min for 200 mL of water to percolate through the soil sample. Calculate the rate of percolation.
Answer:
Formula: Percolation rate
\((\mathrm{mL} / \mathrm{min})=\frac{\text { amount of water }}{\text { percolation time }(\mathrm{min})}\)
= \(\frac{200 \mathrm{~mL}}{40 \mathrm{~min}}\)
= 5 mL /min.

Question 9.
Explain how soil erosion could be prevented.
Answer:
Prevention of soil erosion can be brought about by controlling the factors which cause soil erosion. The methods would, thus, be as follows:
1. Deforestation should be stopped. Rather, trees should be planted (afforestation). Afforestation should be undertaken not only in areas already cut, but additional areas should be brought under plantation.

2. To reduce the effect of strong winds in the fields, the boundaries of the fields should be planted with trees in two to three rows.

3. To maintain the soil in its natural condition, it is advisable to grow different crops. Crops rotation, as it is called, helps to maintain the fertility of the soil. The water-holding capacity of the soil is also maintained by this method.

4. Proper drainage and irrigation arrangements should be made in the fields.

5. On the sloping areas in hills, strip cropping should be practised, thereby reducing the steepness of the slopes and checking soil erosion.

Question 10.
Solve the following crossword puzzle with the clues given:

Across:
2. Plantation prevents it.
5. Use should be banned to avoid soil pollution.
6. Type of soil used for making pottery.
7. Living organism in the soil.

Down:
1. In desert soil erosion occurs through.
3. Clay and loam are suitable for cereals like.
4. This type of soil can hold very little water.
5. Collective name for layers of soil.
Answer:

Extended Learning – Activities And Projects

Question 1.
Boojho would like to know the difference between raw and baked soil? Investigate how the soil from which matkas are made is different from the soil used to make status.
Answer:
Do yourself. Take help your teacher.

Question 2.
Paheli is worried. She could see a brick kiln from her house. Bricks were being made there. There was so much smoke coming out of the kiln. She was told that the best quality of clay is required for making pottery, statues and bricks. She has seen truck loads of bricks being taken away for construction of buildings. At this rate, she fears, no soil will be left. Are her fears justified? Discuss this problem with your parents, teachers and other experts of your area and prepare a report.
Answer:
Do yourself.

Question 3.
Try to find out the moisture content of a soil sample. One method is given here.
Activity: Take lOOg soil. (Take help from any shopkeepers to weigh the soil). Place it on a newspaper in the sun and allow it to dry for two hours. This activity is best done in the afternoon. Take care that the soil does not spill outside the newspaper. After drying it, weigh the soil again. The difference in the weight of the soil before and after drying gives you the amount of moisture contained in 100 g of soil. This is called the percentage moisture content.
Suppose your sample of soil loses 10 g on drying. Then
Percent of moisture in soil
= \(\frac{\text { wt. of moisture }(\mathrm{g})}{\text { Original wt. of soil sample }(\mathrm{g})} \times 100\)
In this example
Percent of moisture in soil
= \(\frac{10 \times 100}{100}=10 \%\)
Answer:
Do yourself.

HBSE 7th Class Science Soil Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Define soil.
Answer:
Soil is uppermost layer of earth’s crust, in which plants grow.

Question 2.
Define weathering.
Answer:
Soil is formed from the parent rock material by a very slow and gradual process called weathering.

Question 3.
What is humus?
Answer:The rotting dead matter in the soil is called humus.

Question 4.
Where do plants grow?
Answer:
Plants grow in the soil.

Question 5.
Where does food that helps to sustain and grow, come from?
Answer:
Plants.

Question 6.
How old is our earth?
Answer:
Our earth came into existence about 4.5 billion years ago.

Question 7.
Name the part of the environment which supports life.
Answer:
1. Lithosphire
2. Hydrosphere
3. Atmosphere.

Question 8.
Give one term for the following,
“Removal of top soil by air and water.”
Answer:
Soil erosion,

Question 9.
What do you understand by the term soil conservation?
Answer:
Prevention of soil erosion is called soil conservation.

Question 10.
What is soil pollution?
Answer:
When the structure and properties of the soil are changed by adding unwanted and harmful substances, it is called as soil pollution.

Question 11.
Name two soil pollutions.
Answer:
(i) Insecticides and herbicides
(ii) Industrial wastes like plastic, chemicals, flyash, leather etc.

Question 12.
How soil erosion takes place?
Answer:
When the over grazing or cutting of trees take place the top soil becomes soft and loose which is easily blown by wind and water.

Question 13.
How is soil formed?
Answer:
Soil is formed by cracking of rocks due to contraction and expansion by cooling and heating effect.

Question 14.
What is mineral?
Answer:
Minerals are the non-renewable natural resources.

Question 15.
Name four animals that live in the soil.
Answer:
Bacteria, Earthworm, Snakes, Rats, Ants.

Question 16.
What do you understand by deforestation?
Answer:
When the trees of the forest are cleared to convert the forest land into formland is called deforestation.

Question 17.
State two major problems caused by excessive deforestation.
Answer:
(i) Due to excessive deforestation there is less rain.
(ii) Soil erosion takes place.

Question 18.
Name the materials present in fertile soil.
Answer:
Fertile soil contains nitrates, phosphates, water soluble salts and carbonic acids.

Question 19.
What is crumb?
Answer:
The main skeleton of a fertile soil is called crumb.

Question 20.
What, is the function of air in soil?
Answer:
(i) Air helps, 1:he plants present in the soil in respiration.
(ii) It helps in making soil soft and light in weight.

Question 21.
Which soil horizon is rich in humus?
Answer:
The uppermost layer is called the A- horizon is rich in humus.

Question 22.
Which type of soil is best suited for growth of plants?
Answer:
Loamy soil.

Question 23.
Name the different types of particles present in soil.
Answer:
Soil consists of soil particles, humus (organic matter), water, air and living organisms.

Question 24.
What is strip, cropping?
Answer:
Strip cropping means the planting of crops in rows or strips to check flow of water.

Question 25.
What are loams?
Answer:
Soils having mixtures of different sized particles are called loams or loam soils.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are the components of soil?
Answer:
Some of the main components of soil are as follows:
(i) Humus
(ii) Minerals
(iii) Water
(iv) Air and
(v) Micro organisms 7 bacteria, fungi, insects, larvae and many other organisms.

Question 2.
Write the importance of Humus.
Answer:
Humus is very important for the proper growth of the plants. It helps in growing plants in the following ways:
(i) It makes the soil fertile.
(ii) It allows the roots of plants to penetrate in the soil easily.
(iii) Water and air can pass into it easily,
(iv) It retains water for a longer period.
(v) It binds the soil particles.

Question 3.
What is meant by term wehtherifig?
Answer:
The cooling and heating of rocks cause cracking. They bring about further breaking. This process of breaking the parent rock into fine particles is called weathering.

Question 4.
Describe the harmful effects of deforestation.
Answer:
Deforestation causes the following harmful effects:
(i) Soil erosion will take place.
(ii) There will be draught due to which famine will occur. .
(iii) There will be less rain.
(iv) There will be excess amount of CO, due to which Green House effect will take place. It may cause flood in-the rivers.

Question 5.
Why biosphere supports life?
Answer:
Biosphere has all those requirements such as air, water, minerals, sunlight etc. which are essential for the survival of living things.

Question 6.
What are natural resources?
Answer:
Natural resources are those which are provided by nature to support life. Such as water, air, minerals, sunlight and various life forms.

Question 7.
What is soil erosion?
Answer:
The top soil being soft and light is carried away easily by wind and water, the natural agents. This process of removal of soil is called soil erosion.

Question 8.
Distinguish between residual and transported soils.
Answer:
Residual soils are those in which the whole process of soil formation, i.e., weathering and development of soil profile occurs at the same place. In these soils, the soil is formed at the place where the parent rock is present.

Transported soils are those where the v weathered soil particles are taken away to other places. This is done by several agents.

Question 9.
State any four major advantages of forests.
Answer:
Forest is a natural renewable resource which is advantageous in the following ways:
(i) It creates a suitable environment for rain.
(ii) It helps in controlling the soil erosion.
(iii) It absorbs excess rain water as subsoil water.
(iv) It provides the home to variety of animals.

Question 10.
What is the importance of soil organisms?
Answer:
A number of organisms such as earthworms, bacteria, fungi and round- worms are found in the soil.
Soil organisms are important because of various uses:
1. As you know, earthworms burrow the soil, swallow it and make it loose and soft.
2. Micro-organisms cause the decomposition’ of dead plants and animals, and release the minerals back of the soil. The minerals can again be absorbed by the plant roots. Mineral cycling goes on in this manner.
3. Some bacteria are able to fix nitrogen in association with roots of legume plants like pea and gram.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How is soil important to us? Explain.
Answer:
Our mother Earth is blessed with immense land resource. It is valuable to man for food production. It is also a basic part of wildlife habitats and recreational resources. Various soil organisms like earthworms, bacteria, insects and mammals use this as a natural habitat. Plants obtain water and minerals through this land resource. Plant sources of many medicinal drugs exist here. Wood fibres, fruits, rubber, oils, dyes and various other economic products which the man uses, are all dependent on this land. The very existence of mankind is greatly influenced by this land resource.

Question 2.
Describe the factors which cause soil erosion.
Answer:
Soil erosion is the removal of topsoil. This is brought about by wind and water or rain. There are several factors which allow water and wind to cause soil erosion. Some of these factors are:
(i) Deforestation:
Cutting down of trees and excessive farming are practices that destroy vegetation and expose land to the action of wind and water. Water runs off the soil surface with great speed and carries the soil particles into rivers which get chocked with silt resulting in floods. This problem assumes alarming proportions on hills.

(ii) Overgrazing:
Overgrazing by animals also destroys vegetation making land barren. The top soil on barren land can then be eroded by water and wind.

(iii) Poor methods of farming:
Tilling or ploughing loosens the soil which can then be easily eroded by wind and water. Due to excessive farming the layer of humus gets depleted and water holding capacity of the soil also reduces. The topsoil thus dries up and can be carried away by wind and water.

(iv) Forest fires, too, lead to soil erosion. After fire, the soil is exposed to two main factors causing erosion, namely wind and water.

Question 3.
Write short notes on the importance of the following:
(а) Soil, (b) Forests, (c) Soil organisms, (d) Overgrazing, (e) Earthworms.
Answer:
(a) Soil:
(i) Soil provides shelter to several micro-organism and some macro- organisms.
(ii) All the plants grow in it.
(iii) It acts as store-house of minerals.
(iv) It acts as raw material for building bricks, mortar, pottery, pulp for paper industry is. obtained from plants grown in the soil.
(v) It acts as water storage.
(vi) It provides employment.

(b) Forests: Forests are very useful to man-kind in the following ways:
(i) It maintains the balance of gases in the atmosphere.
(ii) It causes rain.
(iii) It provides the shelter to the wild animals.
(iv) It provides the valuable things like timber, honey, bee wax, lac, medicines.

(c) Soil Organisms:
Various micro organisms live in the soil which make the soil porous, soft and airy. They make soil fertile. They convfert manure into simple form which can be used by plants of the forest.

(d) Overgrazing:
When the cattle , eat grass of l^rge area, it is called as overgrazing. This process makes the soil plain which can be used for industrialisation and urbanisation.

(e) Earthworm:
Earthworms are the friends of the farmer. They eat dead organicv substances along with the soil and convert them into simple soluble forms which make the soil fertile and soft.

Question 4.
Describe the composition of soil.
Answer:
Composition of soil varies from place to place. It depends on the type of rock from which it is formed. However, all soils contain the following components:
(i) Rock particles: Tiny particles of soil derived from the parent rock.
(ii) Humus: Humus consists of decaying remains of plants and animals.
(iii) Living organisms: Soil contains a large number of micro-organisms like bacteria, algae, fungi and protozoa. Many small animals like insects, earthworms, spiders, scorpions, centipedes and millipedes are found in the soil. Burrowing animals like rats, moles, rabbits and guinea pigs make tunnels in the soil.
(iv) Water: Water is present in pores between soil particles and helps the plants in their growth.
(v) Air: Air is also present in the soil pores and is essential for the survival of living organisms present in the soil.

Question 5.
What is soil pollution? What are the major sources of soil pollution?
Answer:
Any substance that adversely affects the, productivity of soil is called a soil pollutant. Contamination of soil with pollutants like insecticides, artificial fertilizers and industrial wastes is called soil pollution. The major sources of soil pollution are:
(i) Pollutants like acids washed off from the atmosphere (acid rain).
(ii) Pesticides and herbicides sprayed in fields.
(iii) Excessive use of artificial fertilizers.
(iv) Solid wastes like garbage, trash, ash, building material, plastic bottles and cans.

Soil Class 7 HBSE Notes

1. Soil is the uppermost layer of earth’s crust, in which plants grow.
2. Soil is formed from the parent rock material by a very slow and gradual process called weathering. A number of agents temperature changes, frost, water, wind and living organisms – are involved in the weathering of rocks.
3. Six types of soil are mainly found in India – Red soil, black soil, alluvial soil, desert soil, mountain soil and laterite soil. Humus content is maximum in mountain soil. Black soils are rich for growing cotton and sugarcane while alluvial soil is suitable for wheat and rice.

4. There are three main layers or horizons in the soil profile – A-horizon (top soil), B horizon (subsoil) and C-horizon (parent rock).
5. Soil consists of soil particles, humus (organic matter), water, air and living organisms.
6. Soil particles, depending on size, consist of clay (below 0.002 mm), silt (0.002 to 0.02 mm), sand (0.02 to 2.0 mm) and gravel (above 2.0 mm).
7. A soil containing a mixture of sand, silt and clay is called a loamy soil. It is the best soil for plant growth.
8. Soil is an important natural resource. It provides us food, clothing, shelter, medicines,
rubber, dyes and a number of other useful products. Besides man, it provides shelter to wildlife and different soil organisms.
9. Wind and rain bring about loss of the top soil (soil erosion). Deforestation, over grazing and poor farming methods have accelerated the process of soil erosion.
10. Prevention of soil erosion (soil conservation) can be brought about by growing plants (afforestation), crop rotation, prevention of overgrazing maintaining proper drainage, and growing crops in rows or strips in the hills (strip-cropping).

Haryana State Board HBSE 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 8 Winds, Storms and Cyclones Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 8 Winds, Storms and Cyclones

HBSE 7th Class Science Winds, Storms and Cyclones Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Fill the missing word in the blank spaces in the following statements:
(a) Wind is …………… air.
(b) Winds are generated due to …………… heating on the earth.
(c) Near the earth’s surface air rises up whereas …………… air comes down.
(d) Air moves from a region of …………… pressure to a region of …………… pressure.
Answer:
(a) moving
(b) uneven
(c) warm, cooler
(d) high, low.

Question 2.
Suggest two methods to find out wind direction at a given place.
Answer:
(i) Take a piece of a paper in your hand. Let it fall from your hand. It will blow in the direction in which wind is blowing.
(ii) You can use a wind vane (a device helps us to make accurate measurements of wind direction) to find out the direction of wind.

Question 3.
State two experiences that made you think that air exerts pressure (other than those given in the text).
Answer:
(i) Balloons and balls can be used only when they are inflated with air.
(ii) Compressed air is used in the brake system for stopping trains.

Question 4.
You want to buy a house. Would you like to buy a house having windows but no ventilators? Explain your answer.
Answer:
No. A house which has no ventilators is not a healthy house to live in. The air circulation is not there in such a house and hence it has no fresh air.

Question 5.
Explain why holes are made in hanging banners and hoardings.
Answer:
Air exerts pressure. It is due to this pressure banners and hoardings flutter when the wind is blowing. Holes are made in the banners and hoardings as wind pass through that holes and they does not become loose and fall down.

Question 6.
How will you help your neighbours in case cyclone approaches your village/town?
Answer:
(i) A cyclone forecast and warning service.
(ii) Rapid communication of warnings to the Government agencies, the ports, fishermen, ships and to the general public.
(iii) Construction of cyclone shelters in the cyclone prone areas, and Administrative arrangements for moving people fast to safer places.

Question 7.
What planning is required in advance to deal with the situation created by a cylone?
Answer:
In order to deal with cyclone, it is important to follow the following points:
(i) listening carefully to warnings being transmitted on TV and radio.
(ii) moving to safer places or taking adequate steps to ensure safety at home.
(iii) keeping an emergency kit ready.
(iv) storing food in water-proof bags.
(v) not venturing into sea.
(vi) keeping all the emergency numbers handy.

Question 8.
Which one of the following place is unlikely to be affected by a cyclone?
(i) Chennai
(ii) Mangalore
(iii) Amritsar
(iv) Puri
Answer:
(iv) Puri.

Question 9.
Which of the statements given below is correct?
(i) In winter the winds flow from the land to the ocean.
(ii) In summer the winds flow from the land towards the ocean.
(iii) A cyclone is formed by a very high pressure system with very high speed winds revolving around it.
(iv) The coastline of India is not vulnerable to cyclones.
Answer:
(i) In winter the winds flow from the land to the ocean.

Extended Learning – Activities And Projects

Question 1.
You can perform the Activity 8.5. in the chapter at home slight differently at home. Use two plastic bottles of the same size. Stretch one balloon on the neck of each bottle. Keep one bottle in the sun and the other in the shade. Record your observations. Compare these observations and the result with those of Activity 8.5.
Answer:
Do yourself.

Question 2.
You can make your own anemometer. Collect the following items:
4 small paper cups (used ice-cream cups), 2 strips of cardboard (20cm long and 2cm wide), gum, stapler, a sketch pen and a sharpened pencil with eraser at one end.
Take a scale; draw crosses on the cardboard strips as shown in the Fig. 8.4. This will give you the centres of the strips.

Finding centre of the strips

A model of an anemometer
Fix the strips at the centre, putting one over the other so that they make a plus (+) sign. Now fix the cups at the ends of the strips. Colour the outer surface of one cup with a marker or a sketch pen. All the 4 cups should face in the same direction.

Push a pin through the center of the strips and attach the strips and the cups to the eraser of the pencil. Check that the strips rotate freely when you blow on the cups. Your anemometer is ready. Counting the number of rotations per minute will give you an estimate of the speed of the wind. To observe the changes in the wind speed, use it at different places and different times of the day.

If you do not have a pencil with attached eraser you can use the tip of a ball pen. The only condition is that the strips should rotate freely.
Remember that this anemometer will indicate only speed changes. It will not give you the actual wind speed.
Answer:
Do yourself.

Question 3.
Collect articles and photographs from newspapers and magazines about storms and cyclones. Make a story on the basis of what you learnt in this Chapter and the matter collected by you.
Answer:
Do yourself.

Question 4.
Suppose you are a member of a committee, which is responsible for creating development plan of a coastal state. Prepare a short speech indicating the measures to be taken to reduce the suffering of the people caused by cyclones.
Answer:
Do yourself.

Question 5.
Interview eyewitness to collect the actual experience of people affected by a cyclone.
Answer:
Do yourself.

Question 6.
Take an aluminium tube about 15 cm long and 1 to 1.5 cm in diameter. Cut slice of a medium sized potato about 2 cm thick. Insert the tube in the slice, press it, and rotate it 2-3 times. Remove the tube. You will find a piece of potato fixed in the tube like a piston head.

Repeat the same process with the other end of the tube. Now you have the tube with both ends closed by potato pieces with an air column in between.

Take a pencil with one end unsharpened. Place this end at one of the pieces of potato. Press it suddenly to push the potato piece in the tube. Observe what happens. The activity shows rather dramatically how increased air pressure can push things.
Caution: When you perform this activity, make sure that nobody is standing in front of i e tube.
Answer:
Do yourself.

HBSE 7th Class Science Winds, Storms and Cyclones Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is a wind?
Answer:
The moving air is called wind.

Question 2.
Define the term ‘cycle’.
Answer:
It is an event or phenomenon which repeats itself after sometime.

Question 3.
Define term ‘evaporation’.
Answer:
The process of changing water from its liquid form to its vapour is known as evaporation.

Question 4.
Is evaporation a slow process or fast process?
Answer:
Evaporation is a slow process.

Question 5.
Name two processes through which water vapour add continuously into the air.
Answer:
The two processes are:
(i) Evaporation
(ii) Condensation.

Question 6.
Define condensation.
Answer:
The process of conversion of water vapours into liquid form of water is called condensation.

Question 7.
Define water cycle.
Answer:
The water in its vapour form goes into air by evaporation and transpiration forms cloud and, then comes back to the surface of the earth through the process of condensation and precipitation. This process is called ‘water cycle’.

Question 8.
At what speed wind becomes (i) gentle breeze, (ii) storm?
Answer:
When the wind blows gently, it is called a breeze. But, when it blows very fast it causes storm.

Question 9.
What is sea breeze?
Answer:
In coastal areas, during the day, the cool air blows from sea towards the land called sea breeze.

Question 10.
What is land breeze?
Answer:
In coastal areas, during the night, the cool air blows from land to sea called the land breeze.

Question 11.
What is tornadoes?
Answer:
In our country tornadoes are not very frequent. A tornado is a dark funnel shaped cloud that reaches from the sky to the ground.

Question 12.
What is ‘hurricane’?
Answer:
The ‘hurricane’ is the term used for storm in America and West Indies.

Question 13.
What is the eye of hurricane?
Answer:
The region of chimney like low pressure around which warm water vapour spirals is called the eye of hurricane.

Question 14.
What is Beaufort Scale?
Answer:
The number and name of.a wind is determined by the speed at which it flows on an internationally accepted scale, called Beaufort scale.

Question 15.
Name two properties of air.
Answer:
(i) Air occupies space
(ii) It has mass.

Question 16.
Write two importances of air in agriculture.
Answer:
(i) Air helps rotate wind-mill which is used to draw water from tube-wells.
(ii) Air helps in dispersion of seeds and pollen grains of flowers of several plants.

Question 17.
How are high building protected from lightning?
Answer:
High buildings are protected from lightning by fixing lightning conductor on the building.

Question 18.
What is the cause of atmospheric electricity?
Answer:
Atmospheric electricity is due to ionisation of air by the ultraviolet rays of sunlight.

Question 19.
Is our body a conductor?
Answer:
Yes, our body is a good conductor of electricity.

Question 20.
What damage can lightning do?
Answer:
Lightning damage the high buildings and the trees on which it strikes. The buildings and trees can be set on fire by lightning. It can do a high loss of life and property.

Question 21.
Why do chimneys made of steel not require lightning conductor?
Answer:
Steel is a good conductor of electricity. Due to this reason steel chimneys do not require lightning conductor. They themselves pass the discharge to the earth.

Question 22.
Why is it advised not to take shelter under a tree during lightning?
Answer:
We should not stand under a tree during lightning, due to the danger of the lightening, because it can destroy the trees and can set it on fire.

Question 23.
Which gas is produced in air during lightning that absorbs ultraviolet radiation present in sunlight?
Answer:
During lightning ozone (oz) gas is produced due to higher temperature which absorbs ultraviolet radiation. It is dangerous for the living being.

Question 24.
Name the arrangement used for the protection of buildings against damage from lightning.
Answer:
To protect buildings from damage by lightning, a good lightning conductor is used. This is done by installing a lightning conductor on the buildings.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How is rain caused?
Answer:
Water, on land, is present in different sources, e.g., sea, river, pond, lake, etc. The water from all these sources change into vapour form due to sun’s heat and goes up into the air. This change of water into vapour form is called evaporation. The water vapour, when reaches high up in the air, cools down and forms clouds. This cooling down of water vapour to form clouds is called condensation. On cooling, the water vapour changes to water droplets. These group together farm clouds. When the droplets become very heavy they fall down as rain.

Question 2.
What is water cycle? What does it indicate?
Answer:
Evaporation of water from oceans, ponds, rivers, lakes and from roads and streets to form cloud by condensation at higher altitude. When clouds rain, the rain water flows into the seas and oceans through rivers and streams. Some water percolates into the soil to form underground water. It comes again out in the form of spring and well. This is called water cycle.

Because of water cycle, the amount of water on the earth remains more or less the same. The water cycle also indicates that all the water in world is on the move all the time.

Question 3.
How does water cycle help in maintaining global climate?
Answer:
Water cycle plays an important role in the world climate. Oceans absorb vast quantities of heat and help in global warming. By absorbing heat water evaporates and on condensation releases heat. This absorption and releasing of heat in the form of energy drives weather pattern in the short term and regulate the climate for long time.

Question 4.
How is storm caused?
Answer:
When the wind blows gently, it is called a breeze. But, when it blows very fast it causes storm. Storm may be defined as something taking place in the weather of a violent nature. At sea, a storm may be a strong wind or gale. On land, a storm usually means a weather situation marked by heavy rain and often with strong winds, lightning and thunder.

Question 5.
How a thunderstorm becomes a cyclone?
Answer:
Water requires heat when it changes from liquid to vapour state. Before cloud formation water takes up heat from the atmosphere to change into vapour. When water vapour changes back to liquid form as raindrops, this heat is released to the atmosphere. The heat released to the atmosphere warms the air around. The air tends to rise and causes a drop in pressure. More air rushes to the centre of the storm. This cycle is repeated. The chain of events ends with the formation of a very low pressure system with very high speed winds revolving around it. It is this weather condition that we call a cyclone.

Question 6.
How is lightning useful in nature?
Answer:
Lightning is useful in nature because during lightning intense heat and high temperature are produced. As a result, nitrogen combines with oxygen to form its oxides. These oxides of nitrogen further get dissolved in water to form a dilute solution of nitric acid that comes to the ground with rain. This is how nature provides nitrogenous compounds to plants that are important for their growth.

Question 7.
How is ozone layer useful for us?
Answer:
During lightning, a part of oxygen gets converted to ozone. Ozone provides protection against harmful ultraviolet radiations of the sun that cannot reach the earth’s surface.

Question 8.
What are the precautions to be taken against a storm is accompanied by lighting?
Answer:
If a storm is accompanied by lightning, we must take the following precautions:
(i) Do not take shelter under an isolated tree. If you are in a forest take shelter under a small tree. Do not lie on the ground.
(ii) Do not take shelter under an umbrella with a metallic end.
(iii) Do not sit near a window. Open garages, storage sheds, metal sheds are not safe places to take shelter.
(iv) A car or a bus is a safe place to take shelter.
(v) It you are in water, get out and go inside a building.

Question 9.
Why is it advisable to switch off TV sets during lightning?
Answer:
Lightning in the sky also effects radio and TV transmission in our radio and TV sets during lightning and thunder is due to this reason. TV antina and dish antina has fixed on tall buildings are especially prove to lightning strikes. So it is advisable to stop our TV set during lightning to save them from damage.

Question 10.
What is a lightning conductor? Why is it fixed on the top of high tall buildings?
Answer:
A lightning conductor is a long flat thick strips of copper with sharp point or spikes. The lower end of it is connected to copper plate deep into the earth. It is fixed on the top of the building because the thundering electricity comes in the contact first and the building will not be damaged.

Question 11.
How are lightning and thunder caused?
Answer:
When two oppositively charged clouds are near each other, the air between them becomes good conductor because charges begin, to move in air very speedily. The presence of electric charges in very large quantities in the air causes to appear as steaks of lightning and thunder.

Question 12.
When do we say that lightning has struck on the earth?
Answer:
Sometimes the direction of the wind changes; then the clouds move and the charges in the clouds are discharged into the earth when it happens, then it is said that lightning has struck on the earth.

Question 13.
Why should we not stand under a tree during a thunderstorm?
Answer:
We should not stand under a tree during a thunderstorm due to the danger of the lightning because it can destroy the tree, and can set it on fire.

Question 14.
What are tornadoes?
Answer:
In our country tornadoes are not very frequent. A tornado is a dark funnel shaped cloud that reaches from the sky to the ground. Most of the tornadoes are weak. A violent tornado can travel at speeds of about 300 km/h. Tornadoes may form within cyclones.

Question 15.
Write short note on ‘lightning conductor’.
Answer:
A lightning conductor is made up of long, thick metal rod having sharp spikes at its upper end. The spikes pointing towards the sky are fixed at the highest points of the building. The lower end of the metal rod is connected to a large copper or aluminium plate which is hurried deep inside the earth which is called earthing.

When a highly charged cloud passes over a tall building, it induces an opposite charge on the spikes. This charge quickly flows to the earth through the copper rod. Hence, the lightning discharge is prevented and the building is saved from damage.

Question 16.
Explain how lightning takes place?
Answer:
Normally air is a bad conductor of electricity. However, when two clouds having huge amount of positive and negative state charges approach each other, the air becomes a good conductor of electricity.

Thus the electrons from the negatively charged cloud push their way through air so as to reach the positively charged cloud. In doing so the air gets white hot and hence a dazzling bluish white streak of light is formed which is called lightning.

Question 17.
What precautions should be taken to provide protection against lightning?
Answer:
Precautions should be taken to provide protection against lightning:
Answer:
(i) Lightning conductor provides us a simple means to protect against damage due to lightning property and life.
(ii) When lightning strikes, it provide a path to the entire charge through it to the earth.
(iii) We should not stand under, I tree during a thunderstorms due to the air of lightning, because it destroys trees set it on fire.
(iv) Lightning conductor should be installed on large buildings and tall chimneys of factories.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Describe water cycle in nature.
Answer:
Water constantly moves from the earth to the air and back again.
The constant circulation of water is known as the water cycle.

The water in seas, rivers, lakes, ponds or streams evaporates because of the heat of the sun.

Plants also give out large amounts of water from their leaves. The water vapour rises up. The air higher up in the atmosphere is cooler. This cools the water vapour and it condenses to form tiny drops of water on dust particles. These drops of water together form clouds. As the clouds get cooled further, the water drops become bigger and heavier. When they become too heavy, they fall to the earth as rain. The rain water enters the seas, rivers, lakes, ponds and streams and then evaporates again. Thus the water cycle in nature goes on.

Question 2.
Explain destructions caused by cyclones.
Answer:
Cyclones can be very destructive. Strong winds push water towards the shore even ;f the storm is hundreds of kilometres away. These are the first indications of an approaching cyclone. The water waves produced by the wind are so powerful that a person cannot overcome them.

The low pressure in the eye lifts water surface in the centre. The rising water may be as high as 3-12 metres. It appears like a water wall moving towards the shore. As a result the seawater enters the low-lying coastal areas, causing severe loss of life and property. It also reduces the fertility of the soil.

Continuous heavy rainfall may further worsen the flood situation. High speed winds accompanying a Cyclone can damage houses, telephones and other communication systems, trees, etc; causing tremendous loss of life and property.

Question 3.
What is lightning? How does ligthning takes place in the clouds?
Answer:
When the air gets white hot and hence a dazzling bluish white streck of light is framed, is called lightning. Normally air is a bad conductor of electricity. However, when two clouds having J e amount of positive and negative charges a proach each other, the air becomes a good conductor of electricity.

Thus the electrons from the negatively charged cloud push their way through air so as to reach to the positively charged cloud. In doing so air gets white hot and hence a dazzling bluish white hot and hence a dazzling bluish white streak of light is formed, which is called lightning. Because of this intense heat produced, the air suddenly expands and sends out huge pressure waves. These waves produced thunder.

Question 4.
How does lightning takes place between the clouds?
Answer:
Normally air is a bad conductor of electricity. However when few clouds having huge amount of positive and negative static charges approach each other, the air becomes a good conductor of electricity.

Thus the electrons from the negatively charged cloud push their way through air. So as to reach to the positively charged cloud. In doing so the air gets white hot and hence a dazzling bluish white streak of light is formed which is called lightning. Because of this intence heat produced, the air suddenly expands and sends out huge pressure causes. These waves produce thunder.

Winds, Storms and Cyclones Class 7 HBSE Notes

1. Air around us exerts pressure.
2. Air expands on heating and contracts on cooling.
3. Warm air rises up, whereas comparatively cooler air tends to sink towards the earth’s surface.
4. As warm air rises, air pressure at that place is reduced and the cooler air moves to that place.
5. The moving air is called wind.
6. Uneven heating on the earth is the main cause of wind movements.
7. Winds carrying water vapour bring rain.
8. Thunderstorms develop in hot, humid tropical areas like India very frequently. The rising temperatures produce strong upward rising winds. These winds carry water droplets upwards, where they freeze, and fall down again.
9. The swift movement of the falling water droplets alongwith the rising air create lightning and sound. It is this event that we call a thunderstorm.
10. A cyclone is a storm in which the wind blows at a speed of about 300 km per hour. Cyclones develop over oceans but never close to the equator. They never originate from the land mass but may penetrate the margins of continents.
11. A cyclone is known by different names in different parts of the world. It is called a ‘hurricane’ in the
12. American continent. In Philippines and Japan its called a ‘typhoon’ and in Australia its called ‘willywillies’.
13. It has become easier to monitor cyclones with the help of advance technology like satellites and radars.
14. Self-help is the best help. Therefore, it is better to plan in advance and be ready with defence against any approaching cyclone.

Haryana State Board HBSE 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Transportation in Animals and Plants Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Transportation in Animals and Plants

HBSE 7th Class Science Transportation in Animals and Plants Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Match structures given in column I with functions given in column II.

Answer:
(i) (b)
(ii) (d)
(iii) (a)
(iv) (c)

Question 2.
Fill in the blanks :
(i) The blood from the heart is transported to all parts of the body by the __________.
(ii) Haemoglobin is present in __________ cells.
(iii) Arteries and veins are joined by a network of __________.
(iv) The rhythmic expansion and contraction of the heart is called __________.
(v) The main excretory product in human beings is __________.
(vi) Sweat contains water and __________.
(vii) Kidneys eliminate the waste materials in the liquid form called __________.
(viii) Water reaches great heights in the trees because of suction pull caused by __________.
Answer:
(i) Arteries
(ii) Red Blood Cells
(iii) Capillaries
(iv) Heart beat
(v) Urine
(vi) Urea
(vii) Urine
(viii) Transpiration

Question 3.
Choose the correct options:
(а) In plants, water is transported through :
(i) Xylem
(ii) Phloem
(iii) Stomata
(iv) Root hair
Answer:
(i) Xylem

(b) Water absorption through roots can be increased by keeping the plants :
(i) in the shade
(ii) in dim light
(iii) under the fan
(iv) covered with a polythene bag.
Answer:
(iii) under the fan

Question 4.
Why is transport of materials necessary in a plant or an animal? Explain.
Answer:
Transport of materials is necessary in plant or animal because due to it the nutrients are made available to all the parts of the body. If the transport of necessary nutrients does not take place in the body, the body will not be able to survive. So, the circulation of nutrients takes place in the whole body through the process of transportation.

Question 5.
What will happen if there are no platelets in the blood?
Answer:
The blood platelets are responsible for the clotting of the blood. When some injury occurs blood starts flowing. But it clots on its own due to the blood platelets. If there are no platelets in the blood, the blood will not be able to clot and keep on flowing through a wound or injury. This can prove fatal for the organisms as no blood will remain in the body.

Question 6.
What are stomate? Give two functions of stomata.
Answer:
There are small openings on the lower surface of the leaves and stems. These pores are called stomata. These opening are covered with guard cells. Two functions of stomata are:

• It helps in the transpiration of water i.e. the loss of excess water from the plant.
• Loss of water from the stomata creates an upward pull i.e a suction pull which helps in absorption of water to great height in tall trees.

Question 7.
Does transpiration serve any useful function in the plants? Explain.
Answer:
Transpiration is an important function in plants. It serves the following purposes:

• It helps to enhance the absorption of water by creating a suction pull.
• It helps the plant in getting rid of the excess water.
• It produces a cooling effect on the plant which prevents the heat of the sun light from damaging plants.
• It helps in transport of water and minerals to leaves and leaves use the water for the process of photosynthesis.

Question 8.
What are the components of blood?
Answer:
There are four components of the blood.

• Plasma is the liquid part of the blood which is yellowish in colour and contains 90 percent water. It contains food, enzymes, wastes and proteins etc.
• Red blood cells (R.B.Cs) are disc shaped cells containing red coloured pigment called haemoglobin in it. Haemoglobin helps in transportation of oxygen.
• White blood cells (W.B.Cs) are the fighting cells, which protect us against bacteria and foreign material causing infections
• Platelets help in clotting of the blood.

Question 9.
Why is blood needed by all the parts of a body?
Answer:
Blood is needed by all parts of the body because, it contains the digested food in it. It supplies the digested food to various parts of the body and provide essential energy to them. This energy helps the body to perform various functions and activities.

Question 10.
What makes the blood look red?
Answer:
A red coloured pigment called haemoglobin gives the blood its red colour. This pigment helps in carrying oxygen to various part of the body by blood.

Question 11.
Describe the function of the heart.
Answer:
The heart functions in the following way:
The right auricle and ventricle receives blood with carbon dioxide from all the parts of the body. The collected blood is then pumped to the lungs for the purification. In lungs the exchange of gases take place and purified blood is sent back to the left auricle. It pumps it to the left ventricle, which in turn pumps off the purified blood to all the parts of the body through arteries.

Question 12.
Why is it necessary to excrete waste products?
Answer:
The build up of waste and poisonous products in our body is always harmful. The waste products like urea etc. are toxic. When such toxic materials are not removed from the body, they get mixed with blood and can damage the cells of the body, thus proving fatal. It is, therefore, necessary to remove such poisonous waste materials from our body.

Question 13.
Draw a diagram of the human excretory system and label the various parts.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

Extended Learning – Activities and Projects

Question 1.
Find out about blood groups and their importance.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

Question 2.
When a person suffers from chest pain, the doctor immediately takes an ECG. Visit a doctor and get information about ECG. You may even look up an encyclopaedia or the internet.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

HBSE 7th Class Science Transportation in Animals and Plants Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is circulatory system?
Answer:
Circulatory system is that system which transport nutrients to various parts of the body.

Question 2.
What makes the blood red?
Answer:
A red pigment called haemoglobin makes the colour of the blood red.

Question 3.
Name various kinds of cells present in blood.
Answer:
Blood has liquid part called plasma which has Red Blood Cells, white blood cells and platelets in it.

Question 4.
What role does the red pigment haemoglobin play in our body?
Answer:
Haemoglobin gets bound with the oxygen and supplies oxygen to various parts of the body. Oxygen is essential for respiration.

Question 5.
Why platelets are important for humans?
Answer:
Platelets are very important because they cause clotting of the blood. Without platelets blood will flow from the wounds unstopped and cause death.

Question 6.
What is pulse?
Answer:
Number of times the heart beats in a minute is called pulse. In resting position pulse rate of a normal human is 72-80 beats/min.

Question 7.
What is the main difference between an artery and a vein?
Answer:
Artery carries purified blood i.e. blood carrying oxygen and vein carries blood rich in carbon dioxide.

Question 8.
What is transpiration?
Answer:
Transpiration is the loss of excess water from the leaves through the small pores called stomata.

Question 9.
What is excretion?
Answer:
Excretion is the process of throwing out the unwanted and waste products from the body.

Question 10.
What is dialysis?
Answer:
Dialysis is a process of separating small molecules from the large molecules using a semipermeable membrane.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain briefly how the following are transported in plants.
(a) Water and mineral
(b) Food
Answer:
(a) Water and minerals are transported through the vascular tissues called xylem. Roots absorbs water from the soil and xylem transport it leaves prepare food by photosynthesis and this food is transported from leaves to different part by phloem.

(b) Food is transported in plants through vascular tissue called phloem.

Question 2.
What is transpiration? How is it different from translocation?
Answer:
Transpiration is the process of loosing excess water from the plants through small pores present on leaves called stomata. While the process of transportation of food through phloem is called translocation. Phloem transfer glucose from leaves to other parts of the plant while transpiration is evaporation of water to the environment.

Question 3.
List the factors affecting transpiration.
Answer:
Following factors affect transpiration in plants :
(i) Sunlight : Bright sunlight fastens the process of transpiration. No transpiration takes place during night.

(ii) Temperature : High temperature increases the rate of-transpiration while low temperature lowers the rate of transpiration.

(iii) Wind : Blowing wind increases the transpiration as water vapours are quickly removed from the leaves.

(iv) Humidity: Humid day lessens the rate of transpiration.

Question 4.
How does transportation occur in lower animals?
Answer:
The transportation occurs in lower animals through diffusion. The nutrients circulate in the body of lower animals by the flow of cytoplasm. In some multicellular aquatic plants transportation takes place by water which circulates the nutrients through their bodies.

Question 5.
What is stethoscope? What are its main parts?
Answer:
Stethoscope is an instruments used to measure the heart beat by the doctors. It has three parts :

• a chest piece that is sensitive to heart beats.
• two ear pieces.
• a tube joining the chest piece and ear pieces.

Question 6.
Write a short note on heart beat and pulse?
Answer:
Number of times a heart beats in a minute is called pulse. It can be felt by feeling the pressure of movement of blood through the artery at our wrist and by feeling the thumping of heart in our chest. It increases with physical activities. In children it varies from 90 to 100 times per minute and in adults from 70-72 beats per minute.

Question 7.
Mention the functions of the blood.
Answer:
Blood performs the following functions

• It transports nutrients to various parts of body.
• It carries oxygenated blood to different parts of the body.
• It collects deoxygenated blood from various parts of the blood and takes it to lungs for purification.
• It maintains the body temperature.
• White blood cells fight against the infections and protect us from diseases.

Question 8.
Name various organs of excretion in humans.
Answer:
Various organs of excretion in humans are :

• Lungs – for exchange of gases.
• Skin – for sweating.
• Large intestine – for excretion faeces.
• Kidneys – for excretion urine.
• Liver – for excretion excess sugar.

Question 9.
What is the importance of sweating?
Answer:
Sweat is water, salt and urea eliminated by skin in liquid form. The sweat is secreted by the sweat glands. Sweat is important in expelling the wastes like urea and salt from the body, It keeps the body cool and maintain the body temperature.

Question 10.
Explain the process of dialysis in brief.
Answer:
Process of Dialysis is used to remove the waste from the body of those people, whose kidneys are not working. Dialyses machine help in removing the waste. A tube of the machine is connected to patients blood. Blood is purified in a semipermeable membrane inside the machine and purified blood is sent back to the body.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain the circulatory system in Human beings.
Answer:
The Human circulatory system consists of mainly three parts : (i) Heart, 2. Blood vessels, 3. Blood.
1. The Heart: Heart is the pumping organ present in our body. It pumps blood to all the parts of the body. It equals a clenched fist in its size. It is located in the chest cavity on the left side. It is made up of muscles and protected by a cardial membrane called paracardium. It has four chamber – two upper chambers called Auricles and two lower chambers called Ventricles. Blood is received by auricles and pumped by ventricles. The contraction and relaxations of these chambers is called the heart beat.

2. Blood vessels : Arteries, veins and capillaries are three types of blood vessels. Arteries carry oxygenated blood while veins collect deoxygenated blood. All arteries and veins are interconnected through the network of capillaries.

3. Blood : It is red coloured fluid carrying digested food to all the parts of the body and waste products to the excretory system. It has fluid portion called plasma. Plasma has Red blood cells, White blood cells and platelets in it. Red colour of the blood is due to the red pigment called haemoglobin in it. White blood cells fight against infections and platelets cause clotting of the blood.

Question 2.
Explain the Excretory System of human beings.
Answer:
Human Excretory System consists of following organs:

• A pair of Kidneys
• Ureters
• Urinary bladder
• Urethra.

→  Kidneys : Kidneys are bean shaped structures, located on each side of the backbone above the waist. Kidneys have a number of coiled tubes like structures called nephrons. Nephron consists of a Bowman’s Capsule. It is a cup like structure having a network of blood capillaries. Nephron has a long tubule surrounded by renal capillaries. Nephrons filter the excess of water salt, urea from the blood passing through it. This waste in liquid form is called urine.

→ Ureters : Ureters are long tubes passing urine formed in the kidneys to the urinary bladder. Both kidneys send a ureter to the urinary bladder.

→ Urinary bladder : Urinary bladder is an elastic sac like structure which collects the urine from ureters. Urine remains stored in it until excreted.

→ Urethra : Urethra is the opening through which the urine is passed out of the body.

Question 3.
Explain the process of transport of substances in plants.
Answer:
In plants water and minerals is transported to the leaves and other parts and similarly food is transported from leaves to all the parts of the plant.

Transport of material in plants take place through vascular tissues. There are two types of vascular tissues in plants called xylem and phloem. Xylem forms a continuous network of channels. This connects roots to the leaves through stems and through branches. This network is used to supply water and minerals to the various parts of the body. The roots absorb water from the soil and transport it to leaves and branches through xylem. This is called ascent of sap. Similarly a network of channels use to transport the food prepared by the leaves to the other parts of the plants is called phloem. This process is called translocation.

Transportation in Animals and Plants Class 7 HBSE Notes

• Every organism needs food and water to survive.
• Food and water is supplied to all parts of the bodies of the organisms by the transportation of these substances.
• Transportation of materials in human body is conducted by the circulatory system.
• Circulatory system in human beings consists of three organs : Blood, Blood vessels and Heart.
• Blood is the liquid which carries the digested food to various parts of the body.
• Blood contains liquid portion called plasma, Red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets.
• Red blood cells carry a red pigment called hemoglobin. Hemoglobin gives red colour to the blood and is responsible for carrying oxygen to all parts of body.
• White blood cells fight against the infections in our body.
• Platelets cause clotting blood.
• Blood vessels are of two types : Arteries carrying oxygenated blood to all parts of the body and veins collect deoxygenated blood from various parts of the body and take it to heart.
• Arteries and veins are interconnected with thin tubes called capillaries.
• In plants, vascular tissues are responsible for transporting food, water and minerals to the various parts of the plant.
• Xylem carries absorbed water and mineral to all parts of plant, while phloem carries food from leaves to the rest of the plant.
• After the process a digestion our body produces some waste products – these wastes are thrown out of the body and this is called excretion.
• In humans, kidneys are the main excretory organs.
• In plants excess water is thrown out by transpiration.
  Transpiration is the process of loosing excess water by evaporation through small opening on the surface of leaves called stomata.
• Dialysis is conducted to remove waste from humans body with damaged kidneys.