Haryana State Board HBSE 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Transportation in Animals and Plants Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.
Haryana Board 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Transportation in Animals and Plants
HBSE 7th Class Science Transportation in Animals and Plants Textbook Questions and Answers
Question 1.
Match structures given in column I with functions given in column II.
| Column-I | Column-II |
| (i) Stomata | (a) Absorption of Water |
| (ii) Xylem | (b) Transpiration |
| (iii) Root hairs | (c) Transport of food |
| (iv) Phloem | (d) Transport of water |
| (e) Synthesis of carbohydrates |
Answer:
(i) (b)
(ii) (d)
(iii) (a)
(iv) (c)
Question 2.
Fill in the blanks :
(i) The blood from the heart is transported to all parts of the body by the __________.
(ii) Haemoglobin is present in __________ cells.
(iii) Arteries and veins are joined by a network of __________.
(iv) The rhythmic expansion and contraction of the heart is called __________.
(v) The main excretory product in human beings is __________.
(vi) Sweat contains water and __________.
(vii) Kidneys eliminate the waste materials in the liquid form called __________.
(viii) Water reaches great heights in the trees because of suction pull caused by __________.
Answer:
(i) Arteries
(ii) Red Blood Cells
(iii) Capillaries
(iv) Heart beat
(v) Urine
(vi) Urea
(vii) Urine
(viii) Transpiration
Question 3.
Choose the correct options:
(а) In plants, water is transported through :
(i) Xylem
(ii) Phloem
(iii) Stomata
(iv) Root hair
Answer:
(i) Xylem
(b) Water absorption through roots can be increased by keeping the plants :
(i) in the shade
(ii) in dim light
(iii) under the fan
(iv) covered with a polythene bag.
Answer:
(iii) under the fan
Question 4.
Why is transport of materials necessary in a plant or an animal? Explain.
Answer:
Transport of materials is necessary in plant or animal because due to it the nutrients are made available to all the parts of the body. If the transport of necessary nutrients does not take place in the body, the body will not be able to survive. So, the circulation of nutrients takes place in the whole body through the process of transportation.
Question 5.
What will happen if there are no platelets in the blood?
Answer:
The blood platelets are responsible for the clotting of the blood. When some injury occurs blood starts flowing. But it clots on its own due to the blood platelets. If there are no platelets in the blood, the blood will not be able to clot and keep on flowing through a wound or injury. This can prove fatal for the organisms as no blood will remain in the body.
Question 6.
What are stomate? Give two functions of stomata.
Answer:
There are small openings on the lower surface of the leaves and stems. These pores are called stomata. These opening are covered with guard cells. Two functions of stomata are:
- It helps in the transpiration of water i.e. the loss of excess water from the plant.
- Loss of water from the stomata creates an upward pull i.e a suction pull which helps in absorption of water to great height in tall trees.
Question 7.
Does transpiration serve any useful function in the plants? Explain.
Answer:
Transpiration is an important function in plants. It serves the following purposes:
- It helps to enhance the absorption of water by creating a suction pull.
- It helps the plant in getting rid of the excess water.
- It produces a cooling effect on the plant which prevents the heat of the sun light from damaging plants.
- It helps in transport of water and minerals to leaves and leaves use the water for the process of photosynthesis.
Question 8.
What are the components of blood?
Answer:
There are four components of the blood.
- Plasma is the liquid part of the blood which is yellowish in colour and contains 90 percent water. It contains food, enzymes, wastes and proteins etc.
- Red blood cells (R.B.Cs) are disc shaped cells containing red coloured pigment called haemoglobin in it. Haemoglobin helps in transportation of oxygen.
- White blood cells (W.B.Cs) are the fighting cells, which protect us against bacteria and foreign material causing infections
- Platelets help in clotting of the blood.
Question 9.
Why is blood needed by all the parts of a body?
Answer:
Blood is needed by all parts of the body because, it contains the digested food in it. It supplies the digested food to various parts of the body and provide essential energy to them. This energy helps the body to perform various functions and activities.
Question 10.
What makes the blood look red?
Answer:
A red coloured pigment called haemoglobin gives the blood its red colour. This pigment helps in carrying oxygen to various part of the body by blood.
Question 11.
Describe the function of the heart.
Answer:
The heart functions in the following way:
The right auricle and ventricle receives blood with carbon dioxide from all the parts of the body. The collected blood is then pumped to the lungs for the purification. In lungs the exchange of gases take place and purified blood is sent back to the left auricle. It pumps it to the left ventricle, which in turn pumps off the purified blood to all the parts of the body through arteries.
Question 12.
Why is it necessary to excrete waste products?
Answer:
The build up of waste and poisonous products in our body is always harmful. The waste products like urea etc. are toxic. When such toxic materials are not removed from the body, they get mixed with blood and can damage the cells of the body, thus proving fatal. It is, therefore, necessary to remove such poisonous waste materials from our body.
Question 13.
Draw a diagram of the human excretory system and label the various parts.
Answer:
Do it yourself.
Extended Learning – Activities and Projects
Question 1.
Find out about blood groups and their importance.
Answer:
Do it yourself.
Question 2.
When a person suffers from chest pain, the doctor immediately takes an ECG. Visit a doctor and get information about ECG. You may even look up an encyclopaedia or the internet.
Answer:
Do it yourself.
HBSE 7th Class Science Transportation in Animals and Plants Important Questions and Answers
Very Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
What is circulatory system?
Answer:
Circulatory system is that system which transport nutrients to various parts of the body.
Question 2.
What makes the blood red?
Answer:
A red pigment called haemoglobin makes the colour of the blood red.
Question 3.
Name various kinds of cells present in blood.
Answer:
Blood has liquid part called plasma which has Red Blood Cells, white blood cells and platelets in it.
Question 4.
What role does the red pigment haemoglobin play in our body?
Answer:
Haemoglobin gets bound with the oxygen and supplies oxygen to various parts of the body. Oxygen is essential for respiration.
Question 5.
Why platelets are important for humans?
Answer:
Platelets are very important because they cause clotting of the blood. Without platelets blood will flow from the wounds unstopped and cause death.
Question 6.
What is pulse?
Answer:
Number of times the heart beats in a minute is called pulse. In resting position pulse rate of a normal human is 72-80 beats/min.
Question 7.
What is the main difference between an artery and a vein?
Answer:
Artery carries purified blood i.e. blood carrying oxygen and vein carries blood rich in carbon dioxide.
Question 8.
What is transpiration?
Answer:
Transpiration is the loss of excess water from the leaves through the small pores called stomata.
Question 9.
What is excretion?
Answer:
Excretion is the process of throwing out the unwanted and waste products from the body.
Question 10.
What is dialysis?
Answer:
Dialysis is a process of separating small molecules from the large molecules using a semipermeable membrane.
Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
Explain briefly how the following are transported in plants.
(a) Water and mineral
(b) Food
Answer:
(a) Water and minerals are transported through the vascular tissues called xylem. Roots absorbs water from the soil and xylem transport it leaves prepare food by photosynthesis and this food is transported from leaves to different part by phloem.
(b) Food is transported in plants through vascular tissue called phloem.
Question 2.
What is transpiration? How is it different from translocation?
Answer:
Transpiration is the process of loosing excess water from the plants through small pores present on leaves called stomata. While the process of transportation of food through phloem is called translocation. Phloem transfer glucose from leaves to other parts of the plant while transpiration is evaporation of water to the environment.
Question 3.
List the factors affecting transpiration.
Answer:
Following factors affect transpiration in plants :
(i) Sunlight : Bright sunlight fastens the process of transpiration. No transpiration takes place during night.
(ii) Temperature : High temperature increases the rate of-transpiration while low temperature lowers the rate of transpiration.
(iii) Wind : Blowing wind increases the transpiration as water vapours are quickly removed from the leaves.
(iv) Humidity: Humid day lessens the rate of transpiration.
Question 4.
How does transportation occur in lower animals?
Answer:
The transportation occurs in lower animals through diffusion. The nutrients circulate in the body of lower animals by the flow of cytoplasm. In some multicellular aquatic plants transportation takes place by water which circulates the nutrients through their bodies.
Question 5.
What is stethoscope? What are its main parts?
Answer:
Stethoscope is an instruments used to measure the heart beat by the doctors. It has three parts :
- a chest piece that is sensitive to heart beats.
- two ear pieces.
- a tube joining the chest piece and ear pieces.
Question 6.
Write a short note on heart beat and pulse?
Answer:
Number of times a heart beats in a minute is called pulse. It can be felt by feeling the pressure of movement of blood through the artery at our wrist and by feeling the thumping of heart in our chest. It increases with physical activities. In children it varies from 90 to 100 times per minute and in adults from 70-72 beats per minute.
Question 7.
Mention the functions of the blood.
Answer:
Blood performs the following functions
- It transports nutrients to various parts of body.
- It carries oxygenated blood to different parts of the body.
- It collects deoxygenated blood from various parts of the blood and takes it to lungs for purification.
- It maintains the body temperature.
- White blood cells fight against the infections and protect us from diseases.
Question 8.
Name various organs of excretion in humans.
Answer:
Various organs of excretion in humans are :
- Lungs – for exchange of gases.
- Skin – for sweating.
- Large intestine – for excretion faeces.
- Kidneys – for excretion urine.
- Liver – for excretion excess sugar.
Question 9.
What is the importance of sweating?
Answer:
Sweat is water, salt and urea eliminated by skin in liquid form. The sweat is secreted by the sweat glands. Sweat is important in expelling the wastes like urea and salt from the body, It keeps the body cool and maintain the body temperature.
Question 10.
Explain the process of dialysis in brief.
Answer:
Process of Dialysis is used to remove the waste from the body of those people, whose kidneys are not working. Dialyses machine help in removing the waste. A tube of the machine is connected to patients blood. Blood is purified in a semipermeable membrane inside the machine and purified blood is sent back to the body.
Long Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
Explain the circulatory system in Human beings.
Answer:
The Human circulatory system consists of mainly three parts : (i) Heart, 2. Blood vessels, 3. Blood.
1. The Heart: Heart is the pumping organ present in our body. It pumps blood to all the parts of the body. It equals a clenched fist in its size. It is located in the chest cavity on the left side. It is made up of muscles and protected by a cardial membrane called paracardium. It has four chamber – two upper chambers called Auricles and two lower chambers called Ventricles. Blood is received by auricles and pumped by ventricles. The contraction and relaxations of these chambers is called the heart beat.
2. Blood vessels : Arteries, veins and capillaries are three types of blood vessels. Arteries carry oxygenated blood while veins collect deoxygenated blood. All arteries and veins are interconnected through the network of capillaries.
3. Blood : It is red coloured fluid carrying digested food to all the parts of the body and waste products to the excretory system. It has fluid portion called plasma. Plasma has Red blood cells, White blood cells and platelets in it. Red colour of the blood is due to the red pigment called haemoglobin in it. White blood cells fight against infections and platelets cause clotting of the blood.
Question 2.
Explain the Excretory System of human beings.
Answer:
Human Excretory System consists of following organs:
- A pair of Kidneys
- Ureters
- Urinary bladder
- Urethra.
→ Kidneys : Kidneys are bean shaped structures, located on each side of the backbone above the waist. Kidneys have a number of coiled tubes like structures called nephrons. Nephron consists of a Bowman’s Capsule. It is a cup like structure having a network of blood capillaries. Nephron has a long tubule surrounded by renal capillaries. Nephrons filter the excess of water salt, urea from the blood passing through it. This waste in liquid form is called urine.
→ Ureters : Ureters are long tubes passing urine formed in the kidneys to the urinary bladder. Both kidneys send a ureter to the urinary bladder.
→ Urinary bladder : Urinary bladder is an elastic sac like structure which collects the urine from ureters. Urine remains stored in it until excreted.
→ Urethra : Urethra is the opening through which the urine is passed out of the body.
Question 3.
Explain the process of transport of substances in plants.
Answer:
In plants water and minerals is transported to the leaves and other parts and similarly food is transported from leaves to all the parts of the plant.
Transport of material in plants take place through vascular tissues. There are two types of vascular tissues in plants called xylem and phloem. Xylem forms a continuous network of channels. This connects roots to the leaves through stems and through branches. This network is used to supply water and minerals to the various parts of the body. The roots absorb water from the soil and transport it to leaves and branches through xylem. This is called ascent of sap. Similarly a network of channels use to transport the food prepared by the leaves to the other parts of the plants is called phloem. This process is called translocation.
Transportation in Animals and Plants Class 7 HBSE Notes
- Every organism needs food and water to survive.
- Food and water is supplied to all parts of the bodies of the organisms by the transportation of these substances.
- Transportation of materials in human body is conducted by the circulatory system.
- Circulatory system in human beings consists of three organs : Blood, Blood vessels and Heart.
- Blood is the liquid which carries the digested food to various parts of the body.
- Blood contains liquid portion called plasma, Red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets.
- Red blood cells carry a red pigment called hemoglobin. Hemoglobin gives red colour to the blood and is responsible for carrying oxygen to all parts of body.
- White blood cells fight against the infections in our body.
- Platelets cause clotting blood.
- Blood vessels are of two types : Arteries carrying oxygenated blood to all parts of the body and veins collect deoxygenated blood from various parts of the body and take it to heart.
- Arteries and veins are interconnected with thin tubes called capillaries.
- In plants, vascular tissues are responsible for transporting food, water and minerals to the various parts of the plant.
- Xylem carries absorbed water and mineral to all parts of plant, while phloem carries food from leaves to the rest of the plant.
- After the process a digestion our body produces some waste products – these wastes are thrown out of the body and this is called excretion.
- In humans, kidneys are the main excretory organs.
- In plants excess water is thrown out by transpiration.
Transpiration is the process of loosing excess water by evaporation through small opening on the surface of leaves called stomata. - Dialysis is conducted to remove waste from humans body with damaged kidneys.