Class 7

Haryana State Board HBSE 7th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 2 Role of the Government in Health Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 7th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 2 Role of the Government in Health

HBSE 7th Class Civics Role of the Government in Health Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
In this chapter, you have read that health is a wider concept than illness. Look at this quote from the Constitution and explain the terms ‘living standard’ and ‘public health’ in your own words.

An important part of the Constitution says it is the duty of the state to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health.
Answer:
Living Standard:
It refers to the standard of living enjoyed by the people in reference to the facilities provided by the government or family. It also refers to the status earned by the people.

Public Health:
‘Public Health’ refers to the provision of quality healthcare services either free or at low cost by the government. It also includes the actions to prevent the spread of diseases such as TB, Jaundice and Malaria among public.

Question 2.
What are the different ways through which the government can take steps to provide healthcare for all? Discuss.
Answer:The different ways in which
government can take steps to provide health care for all are:
(a) opening of primary health centres, dispensaries and family welfare centres.
(b) prevention of spread of diseases.
(c) making provisions to deal with emergency or epidemics.
(d) provision of cheaper health-services for the poor.

Question 3.
What difference do you find between private and public health service in your area? Use the following table to compare and contrast these.

Answer:

Question 4.
“Improvement in water and sanitation can control many diseases.” Explain with the help of example.
Answer:
Lack of clean water and sanitation is the second most important risk factor for the occurrence of diseases after malnutrition.
(i) Consumption of contaminated water causes many water-borne diseases such as typhoid, cholera, dysentery, diarrhoea.
(ii) Many vector-borne diseases like malaria, Japanese encephalities are caused due to dirty and stagnant water.
So, improvement in water and sanitation can control many diseases.

The Story Of Hakim Sheik

Hakim Sheik was a member of the Paschim Banga Khet Mazdoor Samity (PBKMS), an organisation of agricultural labourers in West Bengal. One evening in 1992, he accidentally fell off a running train and suffered head injuries. He was in ci very serious condition and needed immediate treatment.

He was taken to a government hospital in Kolkata but they refused to admit him because they did not have a spare bed. Another hospital did not have the facility or the specialised doctors necessary for his treatment. In this way he spent 14 hours in a critical state and was taken to eight different government hospitals, but none of them admitted him.

Finally, he was admitted in a private hospital, where he. received treatment. He spent a lot of money on his treatment. Angry and upset over the indifferent attitude of all the hospitals that refused to admit him., Hakim Sheik and PBKMS filed a case in the court.

Question 1.
Read the story given above. Then imagine that you are a judge in the country. What would you say to Hakim Sheik?
Answer:
Being a judge, I would give a fair judgement in Hakim Sheik’s case. He would be granted due compensation. The doctors of government hospitals will be punished for dereliction of duty.

Question 2.
What problems did Aman face in the public hospital? How do you think the hospital can work in a better manner? Discuss.
Answer:
Aman faced the following problems in the public hospitals:
(а) Long queue at the OPD counter.
(b) Great such at the test centre.
(c) Change of doctor, the whole treatment not by the same doctor.
(d) Non-availability of medicines.

Question 3.
What problems do we face in private hospitals? Discuss.
Answer:
(i) India has the largest number of medical colleges in the world.
(ii) It is among the largest producers of doctors.
(iii) Healthcare facilities have grown substantially over the years.
(iv) India gets a large number of medical tourists from many countries.
(v) India is the fourth largest producer of medicine in the word.

Question 4.
In India, it is often said that we are unable to provide health services for all because the government does not have enough money and facilities. After reading the above left hand columns, do you think this is true? Discuss.

Answer:
It is not true because after reading the left hand column, we come to know:
(i) India has the largest number of medical colleges in the world.
(ii) It is among the largest producers of doctors.
(iii) Healthcare facilities have grown substantially over the years.
(iv) India gets a large number of medical tourists from many countries.
(v) India is the fourth largest producer of medicine in the word.

Question 5.
Private health facilities can mean many things. Explain with the help of some examples from your area.
Answer:
Private health facilties can mean many things. Today these facilities or clinics are run by big companies. Such companies are run by many businesses, associated with these centres. For example, some facilities of medicines, pathology, X-ray, ultrasound are associated with these facilities. Sometimes Answer:The problem faced in private hospitals are:
(а) High cost of treatment.
(b) The doctors prescribe more tests than required that include high costs.
big business houses also have medical facilities associated with them.

Question 6.
Would you associate all or some of these picture (shown on the textbook page 19) with ‘health’?
Answer:
Some of the pictures given on textbook page 19 associated with the health are:
(а) On the top, van with cross sign is in a rural area (i.e. village). Government sends mobile health centre in the form of a van with emergency health service facilities. The doctors and nurses go along with this van in villages, and check the ill people and also treat them by giving medicines.
(b) Some doctors are shown in operation theater operating a patient. These doctors are taking care of the health problems of the patient.

Question 7.
Pick two situations from the collage (shown on page 19) that are not related to illness and write two sentences on how they are related to
health.
Answer:
(i) A woman having two earthen pots on her head is going to fetch water. The women like her, collect water from other open water wells. The water so collected is not clean and creates health problems.
(ii) Two garbage Containers are shown kept in front of the houses in a slum. The containers are used to put in all types of wastes even rotten food particles. The house flies sitting on these wastes carry pathogenic germs to our eatables, as a result we become ill.

Question 8.
(i) Can you provide a title to these columns (given on the textbook page 20)?
Answer:
Titles:
(i) Left hand column: Progress of Health Care System in India
(ii) Right hand column: Paradox of Health Care Progress
(iii) In India, it is often said that we are unable to provide health services for all because the government does not have enough money and facilities. After reading the above left hand column. (see textbook page 20), do you think this is true? Discuss.
Answer:
Yes. It is true that India has progressed a lot in healthcare system since independece.
(a) The healthcare facilities we had in 1950, were insufficient for the population.
(b) Even today when infrastructure of healthcare has developed and increased tremendously, it does not saturate the needs of our growing population.
(c) Our healthcare system in the rural areas is not in a state of meeting the needs of the people.
(d) There is shortage of government hospitals and healthcare centres in the rural area. Even in the cities, we can observe queue of patients.
(v) India is investing on healthcare even less than the average of South Asian countries.

Question 9.
Read the story given (on textbook page 21). Then imagine that you are a Judge in the court. What would you say to Hakim Sheik?
Answer:
(i) This is the fault of our government hospital healthcare services.
(ii) The head of said hospitals would be called upon and asked why Hakin Sheik was refused the admission and treatment.
(iii) This is a fault on the part of the government and for that it will have to compensate Hakim Sheik for the amount that he spent in private hospital on his treatment.

Question 10.
(i) Why did Ranjan have to spend so much money? Give reasons.
Answer:
(a) Ranjan had to spend so much money to make use of the facilities available in private hospitals.
(b) By spending so much money, he saved his time and went through the easy process of treatment.

(ii) What problem did Aman face in the public hospital?
Answer:
(a) Aman had to wait in a long queue at the OPD counter and blood testing room.
(b) He got the blood test results after three days and then went back to the hospital to consult the doctor.
Thus, he faced lot of hardship in the hospital.

(iii) How do you think the hospital can work in a better manner? Discuss.
Answer:
If the number of counters and doctors will be raised and the management of some of its services like cleanliness (safai) and diagnostic tests such as blood tests, stool and urine tests, x-ray, ultrasound, etc. are handed over to the private bodies, the hospital can work in a better manner.

(iv) Where do you go when you are ill? Are there any problems that you face? Write a paragraph based on your experience.
Answer:
(a) We go to the doctoer when we are ill.
(b) Yes.
(c) First problem we face is to wait for long hours in queue for registration. There after, we have to stand in queue to see the dogtor.
After checking doctor advice a number of tests like ECG, blood, urine, x-ray, etc. which cost a lot not only in terms of money but also in terms of time because there is another queue for these tests and their reports.

(v) What problems do we face in private hospitals? Discuss.
Answer:
(a) We have to pay a lot of money for every service that we use in private hospitals.
(b) Sometimes doctors advise costly tests which are not required for the diagnosis.

Question 11.
The inside back cover (cover three) of this book has a map of India. Using your pencil outline the state of Kerala on this way. (NCERT Page 28)
Answer:
(Hints: Here is a guideline for students to do this question. Take a butter paper. Put it on the map of India given on the back cover of this book. With the help of pencil outline the state of Kerala alongwith outer boundary of India on the butter paper and attach it with your answer sheet.)

Question 12.
(i) In what ways is the public health system meant for everyone?
Answer:
(a) According to our Constitution, it is the primary duty of the government to provide health care facilities to all. The government has to safeguard the Right to Life of every person as ensured in the constitution under Fundamental Rights.
(b) So, public health system has to provide medical facilities to all, from poors to rich, domestic worker to the Prime Minister of the country without any discrimination.

(ii) List some public health centres (PHCs) or hospitals near your place. From your experience (or by visiting any one of them), find out the facilities provided and people who run the centre.
Answer:
(Hints: Students do this themselves, but for their guidance a description is given below)
Facilities: I visited Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital. It is run by the Central Government. At present, it is the most clean government hospital in Delhi with a lot of facilities such as-computerised counters for registration for different types of treatment, seating arrangement types of treatment, seating arrangement for the visitors, doctor’s rest room, etc. Most of the tests are conducted in the hospitals.

HBSE 7th Class Civics Role of the Government in Health Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is health?
Answer:
Health means our ability to remain free from physical illness and injuries. It also includes mental health.

Question 2.
What are communicable diseases?
Answer:
Communicable diseases refer to those diseases that spread from one person to another in many ways such as through water, food and air etc.

Question 3.
Why did Ranjan have to spend so much money on his treatment? Give reasons.
Answer:
Ranjan had to spend so much money on his treatment because he was admitted in a private hospital where the cost of treatment is very high.

Question 4.
What do you understand by ‘Right to Life’?
Answer:
‘Right to Life’ means every individual has the right to live a meaningful and dignified life with basic facilities like food, shelter, clothing and education.

Question 5.
Which organisation in responsible for policy making on healthcare in India?
Answer:
The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare is responsible for formulating policy on healthcare in India.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are the main centres for healthcare facilities and who are the persons associated with him?
Answer:
The main centres for healthcare facilities in India are:
(a) health centres
(b) hospitals
(c) pathological laboratories
(d) blood banks.
The persons associated with these centres are: nurses, health workers, doctors. They can treat, advise and dignose illness.

Question 2.
Describe the work of Medical Council of India.
Answer:
The main functions of Medical Council of India are:
(a) maintenance of uniform and high standards of medical education in India.
(b) registration of medical practitioner.
(c) monitoring of medical practice in the country.
(d) granting recognition of medical qualifications.

Question 3.
What do you understand by ‘medical ethics’?
Answer:
Medical ethics refer to the values that guide medical professional. Such values refer to the honesty, justice, dignity of work practised by medical practitioners.

Question 4.
What are the private health services available in our country?
Answer:
(i) In urban areas, many doctors run their private clinics.
(ii) Some hospitals and nursing homes are privately owned.
(iii) There are pathological laboratories which do tests and offer facilities like X-ray and Ultrasound.
(iv) There are also private chemist shops from where we buy medicines.

Question 5.
Indian doctors do not prefer to work in India, even if they get their education here?
Answer:
Indian doctors prefer to work abroad because:
(i) They get better professional opportunities and research opportunities.
(ii) They get better material benefits for their services.
(iii) Doctors are less professionally discriminated against in other countries.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Comment on the policy of Kerala Government in 1996 towards healthcare services.
Answer:
Some major changes introduced by Kerala Government in 1996 are:
(i) 40% of the entire state budget was given to panchayats.
(ii) The villages could now make proper planning for water, food, women’s development and education.
(iii) Health centres were improved.
(iv) The working of schools and anganwadi was ensured.
(v) Water supply schemes were checked to ensure good health.
Though the situation improved yet there were loopholes like shortage of medicines, insufficient hospital beds and less than required number of doctors.

Question 2.
Why healthcare services available equally to all in India? What can be done to remove inequalities in healthcare services?
Answer:
Healthcare services are not available equally to all in India because:
(i) More and more healthcare services are privatised now and they are concentrated in urban areas.
(ii) These services are run for profit and they use modern facilities but they are not affordable by all.
(iii) The poor people are unable to use them.
(iv) Very less percentage of the population can afford medicines required during illness.
(v) The poor people visit government hospitals during sickness which are poorly maintained.

To remove inequalities in healthcare, services:
(a) The government should provide healthcare services to all citizens, especially the poor and the disadvantaged.
(b) The government should improve the basin health condition and sanitation conditions of the people so that diseases do not spread.

Question 3.
Describe the drawbacks of India’s rural healthcare system. What can be done to improve India’s rural healthcare them?
Answer:
The basic drawback of India’s rural healthcare system are:
(a) Lack of specialist doctors.
(b) Lack of modem machines and medical tools.
(c) The local villagers who study medicine prefer to work in city.

To improve India’s rural healthcare system:
(а) The government should increase awareness among rural people about sanitation and healthy environment.
(b) More medical camps should be organised.
(c) The skilled doctors should be given incentives to open clinics in villages.
(d) Provisions of medical facilities even given in small villages.

Role of the Government in Health Class 7 HBSE Notes

• Public: An activity or service that is meant for all people in the country and is mainly organised by the government. For example schools, hospitals, telephone services.
• Private: An activity or service that is organized by an individual or company for their own profit.
• Medical Tourists: This refers to foreigners who come to this country specifically for medical treatment at hospitals that offer world-class facilities at a lower cost than what they would have to pay in their own countries.
• Communicable Diseases: These are diseases that are spread from one person to another in many ways such as through water, foods, air, etc.
• OPD: This is the short form for ‘Out-Patient Department.’ This is where people are first brought in and treated in a hospital without being admitted to any special ward.

Haryana State Board HBSE 7th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 1 On Equality Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 7th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 1 On Equality

HBSE 7th Class Civics On Equality Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Do you think Kanta has enough reason to doubt whether she really is equal? List three reasons from the story above that might make her feel like this?
Answer:
Yes, the poverty of Kanta makes her feel that she is not equal. This is because of the following reasons:
(i) Kanta cannot take a day off from work when she needs to.
(ii) She cannot attend a good private hospital but has to attend a government hospital where most people standing are poor.
(iii) She lives in a dirty slum and not in a clean area.

Question 2.

Circle the reference to caste in the matrimonial advertisements given above.
Answer:
(i) Caste no bar
(ii) Gupta Boy
(iii) Tamil Brahmin.

Question 3.
Why do you think Om Prakash Valmiki was being treated unequally by his teacher and his classmates? Imagine yourself as Om Prakash Valmiki and write four lines about how you would feel if you were in the same situation as him.
Answer:
Om Prakash Valmiki was treated unequally by his teacher and his classmates because he was a Dalit boy and was hence seriously discriminated against. He was considered to be of low caste and hence assigned menial task of sweeping.

If I would have been Om Prakash Valmiki, I would have felt really sad and pensive over the injust treatment given to me. I would have felt disappointed and questioned my identity. My dignity would have been violated. I would have faced extreme inequality.

Question 4.
Why do you think the Ansaris were being treated unequally? What would you do if you were in the Ansari’s position and could not find a place to live because some people did not want to live next to you because of the religion you practice.
Answer:
Ansaris were being treated unequally becaqse of their national origin and the religion they practice. They were discriminated against because they belonged to a minority community. If I were in the Ansari’s place, I would have frankly stood out. If the landlord would not have given me the flat on this basis, I would havd narrated the lesson on values. I woulcj have made them understand how all religions lead to one God.

Question 5.
What is the mid-day meal programme? Can you list three benefits of the programme? How do you think this programme might help promote greater equality?
Answer:
(a) Mid-day meal refers to scheme introduced in all government elementary schools to provide children with cooked lunch. Its benefits are:
(i) Poor children have begun enrolling and regularly attending school.
(ii) With this scheme, a poor child’s mother does not have to interrupt work to feed the children at home.
(iii) The mid-day meal scheme also helps reduce the hunger of poor students who often come to school and cannot concentrate because their stomach is empty.

(b) It also helps reduce inequality in the following ways:
(i) It reduces caste prejudices because both lower and upper caste children in the school eat this meal together.
(ii) Dalit women have been employed to cook the meal.

Question 6.
If you were one of the Ansaris how would you have responded to the suggestion that you change your name?
Answer:
I would have vehemently refuted on the decision of changing my identity as that would mean shattering myself respect.

EXERCISES

Question 1.
In a democracy why is universal adult franchise so important?
Answer:
All adults (18 years or above) have the right to vote in the Indian democracy. This aspect is important because it is based on the basic idea of equality. It states that every adult in the country irrespective of their wealth and communities he/she belongs to has one vote.

Question 2.
Re-read the box on Article 15 and state two ways in which the article addresses unequality.
1.The state shall not discriminate against any citizens on grounds only or religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them.
2. No citizen shall on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them be subject to any disability, liability, restriction or condition with regard to.
(a) Access to shops, public restaurants, hotels and places of entertainment.
Or
(b) The use of wells, tanks, bathing ghats, roads and places of public resort maintained wholly or partly out of state funds or dedicated to the use of general experience.
Answer:
There is discrimination in India on basis of sex, race, caste and religion. But our constitution prohibited all these discrimina¬tion. There are also some inequalities even today such.
(a) Gender discrimination.
(b) Discrimination on the basis of caste still prevail in many part of our country.

Question 3.
In what ways was Om Prakash Valmiki’s experience similar to that of the Ansaris?
Answer:
Both of them Om Prakash Valmiki and the Ansaris had to face inequality because of the race or caste they were born in. Both of them faced a violation of human dignity. While Valmiki had to sweep the grounds, Ansaris were no basis ignored when they sought a free apartment.

Question 4.
What do you understand by term, “all persons are equal before the law? Why do you think it is important in a democracy?
Answer:
The statement means that all persons should be treated equally and in the same manner, irrespective of religion, race, caste, gender, sex or any of them it is important. It hence recognises the dignity of all people. This means that every individual in the country including male or female persons from all castes, religions, tribes, educational and economic background as equal.

Question 5.
The government of India passed the Disabilities Act in 1995. This law states that all persons with disabilities have equal rights, and that the government should make possible their full participation in society. The government has to provide free education and integrate children with disabilities into main stream school. This law also states that all public places including buildings, schools etc. should be accessible and provided with ramps.

Look at the photographs and think about the boy who is being carried down the stairs. Do you think the above law is being implemented in his case? What needs to be done to make the building more accessible to him?
Answer:
The Disabilities Act in 1995 is not wholly implemented in the scene as the building is not feasiable for him to walk. Ramp facilities should be provided to the building

for a better view of its construction for disabled or specially abled students. Being carried by a wheelchair may- make him feel insecure. Not only this, it will also affect his security. He will not be given dignity as he would be recognised as unequal in the eyes of others.

HBSE 7th Class Civics On Equality Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is the essential condition for all democracies.
Answer:
Universal adult franchise is an essential condition for all democracies.

Question 2.
Which is one of the most common forms in equality in India.
Answer:
Caste system is one of the most common forms of inequality in India.

Question 3.
What is ‘Joothan’?
Answer:
Joothan is an autobiography of a Dalit writer, Om Prakash Valmiki.

Question 4.
On what idea is the Universal Adult Franchise based.
Answer:
The Universal Adult Franchis is v based on the idea of equality.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What two steps did the government take to implement the equality guaranteed in the constitution.
Answer:
(i) The first step that the government has taken to implement equality is through making the law. For example, there is a law made which declares untouchability as a crime in India.

(ii) Second, the government has set up schemes or programmes to help disadvantaged communities. For example, mid-day meal scheme has been implemented in all government elementary schools.

Question 2.
What did the property dealer tell Mr. and Mrs. Ansari? How did they respond to the property dealer’s suggestion.
Answer:
The property dealer told Mr. and Mrs. Ansari to change their names from Mr. and Mrs. Ansari to Mr. and Mrs. Kumar for finding accomodation in the apartment. But they refused to do this.

Question 3.
How does the government guarantee equality?
Answer:
Equality is guaranteed through:
(i) laws prescribed in the constitution
(ii) government programmes or schemes to the disadvantaged communities.

Question 4.
Explain in detail how laws and schemes have helped recognize equality.
Answer:
(i) There are several laws in India that protect every person’s right to be treated equally.
(ii) The government has also set up several schemes to improve the lives of communities and individuals who have been treated unequally for several centuries.-These schemes are to ensure greater opportunity from disadvantaged people.

Question 5.
When will people be stored treating as equal?
Answer:
When people begin to feel that no one is inferior and that every person deserves to be treated equally with dignity, people x’ would then start treating as equal.

Question 6.
What led to Civil Rights Movement?
Or
Explain in brief the defiant act by Rosa Parks.
Answer:
A refusal to give up her seat for a white man by Rosa Parks started a huge agitation against the unequal ways in which Africans-Americans were treated.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How were the African, Americans treated unequally in the United States of America?
Answer:
The African-Americans were treated unequally in a number of ways.
(i) For example, when travelling by bus, they either had to take the back seats in the bus or get up from their seats whenever a ; white person wished to sit.
(ii) African-American children were not admitted in schools in which white men’s children studied. They attended separate schools specially set up for them.

Question 2.
Lay down the provisions of the constitution that ensure equality.
Answer:
The recognition of equality includes some of the provisions in the constitution.
1. Every person is equal before the law. It means that every person; President or a domestic worker has to obey the same laws.
2. No person can be discriminated against on the basis of their religion, race, caste, place of birth or whether they are male or female.
3. Every person has access to all public places, including playgrounds, hotels, shops and markets. All persons can use publicity available wells, roads and the bathing ghats.
(iv) Untouchability has been abolished.

Question 3.
What is Universal Adult Franchise?
Answer:
1. Universal adult franchise is the essential condition for all democracies.
2. It gives all adult, irrespective of what religion they belong to, how much educated, what caste they are from or whether they are rich or poor, the right to vote.
3. It is based on the principle of equality, i.e., one person one vote, and one vote one value.

Question 4.
Describe the event in Rosa Park’s life that led. to Civil Rights Movement.
Answer:
1. Rosa Parks was an African-American woman.
2. Fixed after a long day at work, she refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white man on 1 December 1955.
3. Her refusal that day started a huge agitation against the unequal ways in which African-Americans were treated. This led to the Civil Rights Movement.

On Equality Class 7 HBSE Notes

• Civil Rights Movement: It is a movement that began in the USA in 1950s in which African-American people demanded equal rights and an end to racial discrimination.
• Constitution: This is a document that lays down basic rules and regulations for people and the government of a country.
• Dalit: ‘So-called lower caste people to use to address themselves. It literally means ‘broken’.
• Democracy: A democracy is a form of government in which people elect their representatives.
• Dignity: This refers to thinking of oneself and other persons as worthy of respect.
• Equality: The act of treating each person in the same manner.
• UAF (Universal Adult Franchise): An important aspect of a democratic society that means all adults (those who are 18 years and above) citizens have the right to vote irrespective of their social and economic backgrounds.

Haryana State Board HBSE 7th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 10 Eighteenth Century Political Formations Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 7th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 10 Eighteenth Century Political Formations

HBSE 7th Class History Eighteenth Century Political Formations Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Match the following:

Answer:

Question 2.
Fill in the blanks:

1. Aurangzeb fought a protracted war in the ……………. .
2. Umara and Jagirdars constituted powerful sections of the Mughals ………….. .
3. Asaf Jah was given charge of the Deccan subedari in …………….. .
4. The founder of the Awadh Nawabi was ………….. .

Answer:

1. Deccan
2. Administration
3. 18th century
4. Burhan-ul-Mulk-Saidat Khan.

Question 3.
State whether true or false:

1. Nadir Shah invaded Bengal.
2. Sawai Raja Jai Singh was the ruler of Indore.
3. Guru Gobind Singh was the tenth Guru of the Sikhs.
4. Poona became the capital of the Marathas in the eighteenth century.

Answer:

1. False
2. False
3. True
4. True.

Question 4.
What were the offices held by Shaidat Khan?
Answer:
Offices held by Shaidat Khan Subedari, Foujdari, Diwani. He was responsible for managing political, financial and military affairs.

LET’S DISCUSS

Question 5.
Why did the Nawabs of Awadh and Bengal try to do away with the Jagirdari system?
Answer:
The Nawabs of Awadh and Bengal tried to do away with the Jagirdari system to reduce the influence of Mughals in their states.

Question 6.
How were the Sikhs organised in the eighteenth century?
Answer:
The following steps were taken by the Sikhs in the eighteenth century to organise themselves:
1. Sikhs organized themselves into a number of bands called jathas and later on misls.
2. They combined their forces which were known as the grand army (dal Khalsa).
3. The entire body used to meet at Amritsar at the time of Baisakhi and Diwali to take collective decisions known “resolutions of the Guru (gurunatas).”
4. Guru Gobind righ organised the Sikhs with the inspiration that their destiny was to rule.
5. The well-knit organization of the Sikhs enabled them to put up a successful resistance to the Mughal governors first and then to Ahmad Shah Abdali who had seized the rich province of the Punjab and the Sarkar of Sirhind from the Mughals.

Question 7.
Why did the Marathas want to expand beyond the Deccan?
Answer:
The Marathas wanted to expand beyond the Deccan to challenge Mughal Empire in the peninsula.

Question 8.
What were the policies adopted by Asaf Jah to strengthen his position?
Answer:
The policies adopted by Asaf Jah to strengthen his position were as follows:
1. As he had become the actual ruler of the Deccan, he brought skilled soldiers and administrators from northern India who welcomed the new opportunities in the south.
2. He appointed mansabdars and granted jagirs.
3. Mughal emperors could not interfere in the administration of Asaf Jab.

Question 9.
Do you think merchants and bankers today have the kind of influence they had in the eighteenth century?
Answer:
During the eighteenth century, banks were not so organised so merchants were more influential than bankers. They used to provide more loan opportunities at higher rate of interest.

Today, however the bankers are more influential. They provide loans and other financial assistance at cheaper rates. They also act as the safeguard of public money.

Question 10.
Did any of the kingdoms mentioned in this chapter develop in your state? If so, in what ways do you think life in the state would have been different in the eighteenth century from what it is in the twenty-first century?
Answer:
The students should develop their own answers. As an illustration in Punjab state, many princely states were acting as a puppet in the hands of the British. Today, India being a democratic country. It is different from the eighteenth century when we had to follow the directions of a monarch.

LET’S DO

Question 11.
Find out more about the architecture and culture associated with the new courts of any of the following Awadh, Bengal or Hyderabad.
Answer:
Account of the development of the architecture and culture associated with the new courts of Awadh, Bengal and Hyderabad.
(i) The rulers of Awadh followed secular political policy. The Nawabs did not discriminate between Hindus and Muslims. The people of both community were given state jobs.

(ii) Construction of Mask and temple were allowed.

(iii) The prolonged period of peace and of economic prosperity of the nobles under the government of the Nawabs resulted in time in the growth of a distinct Lucknow culture around the Awadh court. Lucknow, for long an important city of Awadh and the seat of the Awadh Nawabs after 1775, soon rivalled Delhi in its patronage of the arts and literature. It also developed as an important centre of handicrafts. Crafts and culture also percolated to towns under the patronage of local chieftains and zamindars.

Question 12.
Collect popular tales about rulers from any one of the following groups of people the Rajputs, Jats, Sikhs or Marathas.
Answer:
The most outstanding Rajput ruler of the 18th century was Raja Sawai Jaui Singh of Amber (1681-1743). He was a distinguished states man, law-maker arid reformer, But most of all he show as a man of science in an age when Indians were oblivious of scientific progress. He founded the city of Jaipur and made it a great seat of science and art. Jaipur was built upon strictly scientific principles and according to a regular plan. Its broad streets are intersected at right angles.

Jai Singh was above everything a great astronomer. He erected observatories with accurate and advanced instruments, some of them of his own invention, at Delhi, Jaipur, Ujjain, Varanasi and Mathura. His astronomical observations were remarkably accurate. He drew up a set of tables, entitled Zij Muhammad Shahi, to enable people to make astronomical observations. He had Euclid’s “Elements of Geometry” translated into Sanskrit as also several works on trignometry, and Napier’s work on the construction and use of logarithms.

Jai Singh was also a social reformer. He tried to enforce a low to reduce the lavish expenditure which the Rajput had to incur on their daughter’s weddings. This had given rise to the evil practice of infanticide. The remarkable prince ruled Jaipur for nearly 44 years from 1699 to 1743.

HBSE 7th Class History Eighteenth Century Political Formations Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How was Aurangzeb responsible for depleting the military and financial resources of his empire?
Answer:
Aurangzeb fought a long war in’the Deccan which resulted in the depletion of the military and financial resources of the empire.

Question 2.
What were the two major groups or factions in which the empire was further divided into?
Answer:
The two major groups or factions were Iranis and Turapis.

Question 3.
What were the three states that were carved out of the old Mughal Provinces in the 18th century?
Answer:
Awadh, Bengal and Hyderabad.

Question 4.
Why did Zamindars of Bengal borrow money from bankers and moneylenders?
Answer:
Zamindars of Bengal borrowed money to pay the revenue in cash.

Question 5.
Why was ‘rakhi’ introduced?
Answer:
The system of‘rakhi’ was introduced to give protection to cultivators on the payment of a tax of 20% of the produce.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Who were revenue farmers?
Answer:
In the state of Awadh, revenue farmers were local bankers and Mahajans who were highest bidders for the right to collect tax. These revenue farmers agreed to pay the state a fixed sum of money.

Question 2.
Where did Banda Bahadur established sikh rule?
Answer:
Banda Bahadur established Sikh rule between the “Sutlej” and the Jamuna rivers.

Question 3.
After Shivaji’s death who led Marathas?
Answer:
After Shivaji’s death effective power in the Maratha state was wielded by a family of Chitpavan Brahmanas, who served Shivaji’s successors as Peshwa (or principal minister).

Question 4.
Name some Maratha chiefs.
Answer:
Sindhia of Gwalior, Gaekwad of Baroda, Bhonsle of Nagpur and Holkar of Indore were a few powerful Maratha chiefs.

Question 5.
Which taxes were collected by Maratha king?
Answer:
The Maratha king collected the taxes of Chauth and Sardeshmukhi in the entire region that he captured from Mughal emperors.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How did administrative system break down under weak successors of Aurangzeb?
Answer:
1. The weak successors of Aurangzeb could not keep vigil on their powerful mansabdars.
2. Nobles appointed as governors, often controlled the offices or revenue and military administration.
3. This gave them extraordinary political, economic and military powers over vast regions of the Mughal empire.
In this way, the Mughal administrative system declined under the weak successors of Aurangzeb.

Question 2.
Why did peasants and zamindars of North India rebel against Mughal emperor?
Answer:
1. The revolts of peasants and zamindars were caused by the pressures of mounting taxes.
2. Due to challenge to the emperor’s authority, nobles became outrageous and increased taxes on land or produce.
3. This was a big trouble to the peasants who were unable to pay increased taxes. Thus, they rebelled.

Question 3.
How did the Nawab of Awadh decrease Mughal influence in the Awadh?
Answer:
1. The Nawab of Awadh reduced the number of office holders (jagirdars) appointed by the Mughals.
2. He also reduced the size of jagirs and appointed his own loyal servants of vacant positions.
3. The accounts of jagirdars were checked to prevent cheating, and the revenues of all districts were reassessed by official appointed by the Nawab’s court.
4. He seized a number of Rajput Zamindari and the agriculturally lands of the Afghans of Rohilkhand.
Thus, the Nawab of Awadh decreased ‘ Mughal influence in the Awadh.

Eighteenth Century Political Formations Class 7 HBSE Notes

• Great Mughals: From 1526 to 1707 is called the age of the Great Mughals.
• Later Mughals: The Mughal successors of Aurangzeb were knows as Later Mughals.
• Generation: A successive step in natural descent.
• Succession: The order by which an office changes hands.
• Swaraja: It means own kingdom. The term is used by the Marathas.
• A loose union of states is known as a confederacy.
• Chauth: It was the 1/4th of revenue paid to the government under Marathas.
• Sardeshmukhi: A tax equal to 1/10th of the land revenue levied by Marathas.
• Bigotry: The term Bigotry is used for sectarian religious outlook usually against other religions.
• Spear: A weapon consisting of a pointed head on a long shaft is called a spear.
• Guerilla Warfare: A kind of irregular warfare that is fought from behind. A council of eight ministers under Shivaji called the Astha Pradhan.

Haryana State Board HBSE 7th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 9 The Making of Regional Cultures Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 7th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 9 The Making of Regional Cultures

HBSE 7th Class History The Making of Regional Cultures Textbook Questions and Answers

LET’S RECALL

Question 1.
Match the following:

Answer:

Question 2.
What is Manipravalam? Name a book written in the language.
Answer:
Manipravalam literally means diamonds and corals. It is a language. The name of a book written in this language is Lilatilakam.

Question 3.
Who were the major patrons of Kathak?
Answer:
The Mughals were the major patrons of Kathak.

Question 4.
What were the important architectural features of the temples of Bengal?
Answer:
The important architectural features of the temple of Bengal were as follows:
(а) When local deities, once worshipped in thatched huts in villages gained the recognition of the Brahmans, their images began to be housed in temples.
(b) The temples began to copy the double-foofed or four-roofed structure of the thatched huts.
(c) In the comparatively more complex four-roofed structure, four triangular roofs placed on the four walls move up to coverage on a curved line or a point.
(d) Temples were usually built on a square platform.
(e) The interior was relatively plain but the outerwalls of many temples were decorated with paintings, ornamental tiles or terracotta tablets.

LET’S DISCUSS

Question 5.
Why did ministrels proclaim the achievements of heroes?
Answer:
The ministrels proclaimed the achievements of heroes in order to:
(i) preserve their memories.
(ii) inspire others to follow their example.

Question 6.
Why do we know much more about the cultural practices of rulers than about those of ordinary people?
Answer:
Rulers adopted many methods to preserve their achievements, such as, ministrels singing their heroic stories, paintings inscriptions, historical worth, donation to temples, etc., while ordinary people did not do anything to preserve the records of their heroic deeds. Therefore, we know more about the cultural practices of rulers than about those of ordinary people.

Question 7.
Why did conquerors try to control the temple of Jagannatha at Puri?
Answer:
As the temple gained an importance , as a centre of pilgrimage, its authority in social and political matters also increased. All those who conquered Orissa, such as the Mughals, the Marathas and the English East India Company, attempted to gain control over the temple. They felt that this would make their rule acceptable to the local people.

Question 8.
Why were temples built in Bengal?
Answer:
The temple builders of Bengal wanted to demonstrate their power and proclaim their piety. Therefore, they built, temples.

LET’ DO

Question 9.
Describe the most important features of the cultures of your region, focussing on buildings, performing arts and painting.
Answer:
Students do yourselves.
(Hint: Take Delhi for example)
(i) Architecture of Delhi presents old as well as new buildings, such as Red Fort, Qutab Minar and Parliament House, India Gate.
(ii) Delhi is the centre of all types of arts such as dances, plays, poetry sessions, etc.
(iii) All types of paintings are found and done im Delhi.

Question 10.
Do you use different languages for (a) speaking, (b) reading, (c) writing? Find out about one major composition in language that you use and discuss why you find it interesting?
Answer:
Students do yourselves.
(Hint: Punjabi)
(i) Usually at home, you speak Punjabi.
(ii) You read and write book written in Gurumukhi, Hindi and English languages.
(iii) Let one major book of Punjabi (Gurumukhi) language be Guru Granth Sahib. It is the religious holy book Sikhs and teaches us about religious tolerance, therefore it is interesting.

Question 11.
Choose one state each from north, west, south, east and central India. For each of these, prepare a list of foods that are commonly consumed, highlighting any differences and similarities that you notice.

Similarities and Differences:
Rice and Chapatti is common throughout India. However, in some parts more of non- vegetaticn food is pupular.

Question 12.
Choose another set of five states from each of these regions and prepare a list of clothes that are generally worn by women and men in each. Discuss your findings.
Answer:
Clothes of Man of five States:
(i) Pants, Jeans
(ii) Shirt
(iii) Bush-Shirt
(iv) Coat
(v) Jackets
(vi) Pyjama Kurta
(vii) Shawls
(viii) Sweaters

List of Clothes worn by women:
(i) Sarees
(ii) Petikot
(iii) Blouse
(iv) Salwar-Kameez
(v) Dupatta
(vi) Undergarment
(vii) Ghagra-Choli
(viii) Shawls, Sweater
(ix) Skirt
(x) Jeans
(xi) Trousers.

HBSE 7th Class History The Making of Regional Cultures Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Which language was introduced by the Chera kings?
Answer:
The Chera kings introduced Mdlayalam langugage and script in their inscriptions.

Question 2.
Name two gharanas associated with Kathak.
Answer:
The two gharanas or traditions associated with Kathak are: Rajasthan . (Jaipur) and Lucknow.

Question 3.
Name the six classical dance forms of our country.
Answer:
Kathak, Bharatanatyam, Kathakali, Odissi, Kuchipudi, Manipuri are the six classical dance forms of our country.

Question 4.
What are miniature paintings?
Answer:
The miniature paintings are small sized paintings, generally done in water colour on cloth or paper.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How did regional cultures evolve?
Answer:
(a) Regional cultures today are often the product of complex processes of inter-mixing of local traditions with ideas from other parts of the sub-continent. Some , traditions appear specific to some regions, others seem to be similar across regions and yet others derive from older practices in a particular area, but take a new form in other regions.

Question 2.
What place did women find in the stories about Rajput heroes?
Answer:
The women found a place in the stories about Rajput heroes as:
(a) They figure as the cause for conflicts, as men forht with one another to either win or protect men.
(b) Women are also depicted as following their heroic husbands in both life and death.
(c) There are stories about the practice of sati or the immolation of windows as the funeral pyre of their husbands.

Question 3.
What did ‘purs’ include?
Answer:
The term ‘pirs’ included saints or sufis and other religious personalities, daring colonisers and defied soldiers, various Hindu and Buddhist deities and even animistic spirits. The cult of pirs became very popular and their shrines can be found everywhere in Bengal.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1
How did Kathak develop and enrich as a dance form?
Ans.
(i) Kathak developed into a form of dance with a distinctive style in the courts of Mughal emperors and nobles.
(ii) It developed in two traditions: one in the courts of Rajasthan (Jaipur) and the other in Lucknow.
(iii) Kathak grew into a major art form under the patronage of Wajid Ali Shah, the last Nawab of Awadh.
(iv) By the third quarter of the nineteenth century it developed firmly as a dance form in areas other than Rajasthan and Lucknow such as present, day Punjab, Haryana, Jammu and Kashmir, Bihar and Madhya Pradesh.
(v) Emphasis was laid on intricate and ; rapid footwork, elaborate costumes, as well as on the enactment of stories.

Question 2.
What are two categories in which early Bengali literature be divided into? Differentiate between these two categories.
Answer:
The two categories in which early Bengali literature was divided into as follows:

The Making of Regional Cultures Class 7 HBSE Notes

• Apabhramsa: The various languages spoken by local people are called Apabhramsa.
• Portrait: Drawing sketches of a living beings is called a portrait.
• Dialect: Sub-division of a particular language spoken is called dialect.
• Gharana: Tradition of classical dance, and music.
• Rajputana: Region which constitutes most of present-day Rajasthan, was called Rajputana.
• Animism: Attribution of living soul to plants, inanimate objects, and natural phenomena.
• Subas: Different provinces under Mughal Empire.
• Brihaddharma Purana: 13th century Sanskrit text from Bengal which permits the Bengali Brahmans to eat certain types of fish.

Haryana State Board HBSE 7th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 8 Devotional Paths to the Divine Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 7th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 8 Devotional Paths to the Divine

HBSE 7th Class History Devotional Paths to the Divine Textbook Questions and Answers

LET’S RECALL

Question 1.
Match the following:

Answer:

Question 2.
Fill in the blanks:

1. Shankara was an advocate of …………… .
2. Ramanuja was influenced by the …………… .
3. ……………. , ………….. and ……………. were advocates of Virashaivism.
4. …………. was an imkrtant centre of the Bhakti tradition in Maharashtra.

Answer:

1. Advaita
2. Alvars
3. Basavanna, Allama Prabhu, Akkamahadevi.
4. Pandharpur.

Question 3.
Describe the beliefs and practices of Nath Panthis, Siddhas and Yogis.
Answer:
(a) Nathpanthis, Siddhas and Yogis advocated renunciation of the world
(b) They believed that the path to salyation lay in meditation on the formless Ultimate Reality and the realisation of oneness with it.
(c) To achieve salvation, they advocated intense trading of the mind and body through practices like Yogasanas, breathing exercises and meditation.
(d) They did not believe in rituals and conventional religion.

Question 4.
What were the major ideas expressed by Kabir? How did he express these?
Answer:
I. Ideas of Kabir:
(i) Kabir’s teachings were based on a complete, indeed vehement, rejection of the major religious traditions.
(ii) His teachings openly ridiculed all forms of external worship of both Brahmanical Hinduism and Islam the pre-eminence of the priestly classes and the caste system.
(iii) Kabir believed in a formless Supreme God and preached that the only path to salvation was through bhakti or devotion.

II. How did Kabir express his ideas:
Kabir expressed his ideas through poetry and bhajans. The languages of his poetry was a form of spoken Hindi widely understood by ordinary people. He also sometimes used cryptic languages, which is difficult to follow.

We get to know of his ideas from a vast collection of verses called sakhis and pads said to have been composed by him and sung by wondering bhajan singers. Some of these were later collected and preserved in the Guru Granth Sahib, Panch Vani’and Bijak.

LET′S UNDERSTAND

Question 5.
What were the major belief and practices of sufis?
Answer:
(i) The sufis often rejected the elaborate rituals and codes of behaviour demanded by Muslim religion scholars.
(ii) They sought union with God much as a lover seeks his beloved with a disregard for the world.
(iii) Like the saint poets, the sufis to composed poems expressing their feelings, and a rich literature in prose, including anecdotes and fables, developed around them.
(iv) The sufis too believed that the heart can be trained to look at the world in a different way. They developed elaborate methods of training using Zikr (chanting of a name or sacred formula), contemplation, sama (singing), rags (dancing), discussion of parables, breath control, etc. under the guidance of a master or pir.
(v) Thus emerged the silsilas, a genealogy of Sufi teachers, each following a slightly different method (tariqa) oi instruction of ritual practice.

Question 6.
Why do you think many teachers rejected prevalent religious beliefs and practices?
Answer:
Many teachers rejected prevalent religious beliefs and practices because these were based on social differences, excess ritalism and outward display piety.

Question 7.
What were the major teachings of Guru Nanak?
Answer:
(i) Guru Nanak emphasised the importance of the worship of one God.
(ii) He insisted that caste, creed or gender was irrelevant for attaining liberation. His idea of liberation was baaed on the pursuit of active life with a strong sense of social commitment.
(iii) He used the terms nam, dan and isnan for the essence of his teaching, which actually meant right worship, welfare of others and purity of conduct.
(iv) He gave importance to right-belief and worship, honest living and helping others.
(v) Guru Nanak, thus, promoted the idea of equality.

LETS DISCUSS

Question 8.
For either the Virashaivas or the sants of Maharashtra, discuss their attitude towards caste.
Answer:
The attitude of Virashaivas or the sants of Maharashtra towards caste was as follows:
(a) They had a humanistic attitude.
(b) They believed in the equality of all human beings.
(c) They were against Brahmanical ideas about caste and the treatment of women.

• They believed that Bhakti means sharing other pains.
• They wished society where people could live in harmony without any feelings of high and low, rich and poor.

Question 9.
Why do you think ordinary people preserved the memory of Mirabai?
Answer:
Ordinary people preserved the memory of Mirabai because:
(i) Though she was a Rajput princess married intq the royal family of Mewar. But she had no interest of ‘worldly affairs.
(ii) She was devoted to Krishna and composed innumerable bhajans expressing her intense devotion.
(iii) Her devotion to her deity was supreme. She lived a simple life with ordinary people.
(iv) Her songs also openly challenged the norms of the ‘upper’ caste and became popular with the masses in Rajasthan and Gujarat.

LET’S DO

Question 10.
Find out whether in your neighbourhood these are any dargahs, gurudwaras or temples associated with saints of the bhakti tradition in your neighbourhood. Visit any one of these and describe what you see and hear?
Answer:
Yes, these are many dargah, gurudwara or temple associated with saints of bhakti tradition in our neighbourhood. I have visited all these religious places from time to time along with my mother or father or elder brother. I have seen that people go there with devotion and they after prayer and hear preaching of religious people with great devotion.

Question 11.
For any of the saint-poets where compositions have been included in this chapter, find out more about their works, noting down other poems. Find out whether these are sung, how they are sung, and what the poet wrote about?
Answer:
We have read about many bhakti saint and sufi saint in this chapter. I have heard about Kabir, Baba Guru Nanak, Mirabai, Goswami Tulsidas and Surdas. Their religious works poems, bhajans are read out and sung at religious place and by bhakt singers and poets. I have heard devotional song on radio and television. I have also read certain books related with above reffered saint poet.

Question 12.
There are Several saint poets whose names have been mentioned but their works have not been included in the chapter. Find out more about the language in which they were composed, whether their composition were sung and what their composition were about.
Answer:
(i) All Marathi saint such as Janeshwar, Namdev, Eknath an Tukaram had sung in Marathi.
(ii) Narsi Mehta had written and sung in Gujarati,
(iii) Tulsidas – Awadhi (Hindi)
(iv) Surdas – Brij Bhasha (Hindi)
(v) Mirabai – Rajasthani
(vi) Kabir – Hindi, Urdu, Punjabi, other languages.
(vii) Guru Nanak – Hindi, Punjabi

HBSE 7th Class History Devotional Paths to the Divine Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What was the idea advocated in the Bhagavadgita?
Answer:
The idea that was advocated in Bhagvadgita was that of a Supreme God who could deliver humans from such bondage if approached with devotion.

Question 2.
What was Sangam literature?
Answer:
Sangam literature was the earliest example of Tamil literature, composed during the early centuries of the common Era.

Question 3.
What is Advaita?
Answer:
Advaita is the doctrine of the oneness of the individual soul and the supreme God which is the Ultimate Reality.

Question 4.
Who were Chokhamela?
Answer:
Chokhamela was the family who belonged to the ‘untouchable’ Mahar caste.

Question 5.
What was monotheism?
Answer:
Monotheism refers to submission to one God.

Question 6.
What was ‘Shariat’?
Answer:
‘Shariat’ was a holy lav/ developed by Muslim scholars.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What were the ideas of Nayanars and Alvars for a new kind of Bhakti?
Answer:
The Nayanar and Alvars had the following ideas of Bhakti:
(A) They were sharply critical of the Buddhists and Jainas and preached love of Shiva or Vishnu.
(B) They drew upon the ideals of love and heroism as found in the Sangam literature and blended them with the values of bhakti.
(C) They went from place to place composing exquisite poems in praise of the deities enshrined in the villages they visited, and set them to music.

Question 2.
What were the developments in Bhakti movements^ between the tenth and twelfth centuries?
Or
How were links between Bhakti tradition and temple worship strengthened?
Answer:
(A) The Chola and Pandya kings built elaborate temples around many of the shrines visited by the saints- poets, strengthening the links between the bhakti tradition and temple worship.
(B) Their poems were compiled during this time.
(C) Religious biographies of the Alvars and Nayanars were composed.

Question 3.
What were the ideas and teachings of Shankara?
Answer:
The ideas and teachings of Shankara were as follows:
(A) He was an advocate of Advaita.
(B) He taught that Brahman, the only or Ultimate Reality, was formless and without any attributes.
(C) He considered world around us to be an illusion or maya.
(D) He preached renunciation of the world and adoption of path of the knowledge to understand the true nature of Brahman and attain salvation.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What did the saints of Maharashtra do?
Answer:
(a) All saints of Maharashtra rejected all forms of ritualism outward display of piety and social differences based on birth.
(b) They even rejected the idea of renunciation and preferred to live with their families.
(c) They earned their livelihood like any other person, while humbly serving fellow human beings in need.
(d) They insisted that Bhakti lay in sharing others pain.

Question 2.
What is the uniqueness of the Bhakti saints?
Answer:
(i) The unique feature of most of the Bhakti saints is that their works were composed in regional languages and could be sung.
(ii) They became immensely popular and were handed down orally from generation to generation.
(iii) Usually, the poorest and women transmitted these songs, often during their own experience.

Map Time

Question 1.
On the political map of India, mark the state to which the following saints belong to:
(i) Guru Nanak
(ii) Dadu
(iii) Mirabai
(iv) Narsi Mehta
(v) Eknath
(vi) Namdev
(vii) Shankradeva
(vii) Chaitnyadeva
(ix) Kabir
(x) Ramananda
(xi) Raídas
(xii) Vallabhacharya
(xiii) TuJsidas
(xiv) Purand radas
(xv) Nammalvar
Answer:

Devotional Paths to the Divine Class 7 HBSE Notes

• Koran: The holy book of the Muslims.
• Idol Worship: The image worship of God and Goddess.
• Kayamat: The day of Judgement before God.
• Ramjan: Month of fasting.
• Haj: Pilgrimage to Mecca.
• Sufi: The Muslim devotees who emphasized the personal devotion of man to God through lov^..
• Pirs: Religious teachers of the Sufis.
• Dohas: Couplets which Kabir composed and taught to his followers.
• Adi-Granth: The religious book of Sikhism.
• Bhakti: Trust in God.
• Tawakkul: Single-minded devotion to one God.
• Murids: The disciples are called murids in the Sufi system.

Haryana State Board HBSE 7th Class Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 7 Human Environment: Settlement, Transport and Communication Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 7th Class Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 7 Human Environment: Settlement, Transport and Communication

HBSE 7th Class Geography Human Environment: Settlement, Transport and Communication Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Answer the following questions:
(а) What are the four means of transport?
Answer:
The four means of transport are :

• Roadways
• Railways
• Waterways
• Airways

(b) What do you understand by the term ‘settlement’?
Answer:
Settlements are places where people build their homes.

(c) Which are the activities practised by human people?
Answer:
The activities practised by the rural people are farming, fishing, forestry, trading and craftswork.

(d) Mention two merits of railways.
Answer:
Two merits of railways are:

• The railways carry heavy goods and people over long distances quickly.
• The railway fare is less compared to waterways and airways.

(e) What is mass media?
Answer:
Mass media is the medium of communicating to large number of people like print media, radio and television.

Question 2.
Tick (√) of the correct answer:
(i) Which is not a mean of communication?
(a) Telephone
(b) Books
(c) Table
Answer:
(c) Table

(ii) Which type of road is constructed under the ground?
(а) Flyover
(b) Express ways
(c) Subways
Answer:
(c) Subways

(iii) Which mode of transport is most suitable to reach an island?
(a) ship
(b) train
(c) car
Answer:
(a) ship

(iv) Which vehicle does not pollute the environment?
(a) cycle
(b) bus
(c) aeroplane
Answer:
(a) cycle

Question 3.
Match the following :

Answer:
(i) (c)
(ii) (c)
(iii) (a)
(iv) (b).

Question 4.
Give Reasons:
(a) Today’s world is a shrinking.
Answer:
World is shrinking today because of the various modes of communication which are provided by worldwide information and interaction.

Question 5.
For Fun :
Mention which mode of communi-cation you will prefer most in the following situations.
(a) Your grandfather has suddenly fallen ill. How will you inform the doctor?
(b) Your mother wants to sell the old house. How will she spread this news?
(c) You are going to attend the marriage of your cousin for which you will be absent from the schools for the next days. How will you inform the teacher?
(d) Your friend has moved out with his/her family to New York. How will you keep in touch on a daily base?
Answer:
(a) Telephone
(b) Newspaper
(c) Letter/Application
(d) Telephone/Internet.

HBSE 7th Class Geography Human Environment: Settlement, Transport and Communication Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is wet point settlement?
Answer:
The settlement growing around water is known as wet point settlement.

Question 2.
Name the cheapest means of transport.
Answer:
The cheapest means of transport is waterways.

Question 3.
What is temporary settle-ment?
Answer:
Settlement which are occupied for a short time are called temporary settlement.

Question 4.
Which means of transport is free from physical barrier?
Answer:
Air transport is free from physical barrier.

Question 5.
Which transport system is suitable for light and perishable articles?
Answer:
Road transport system is suitable for light and perishable articles.

Question 6.
Which are the types of human settlement?
Answer:
Rural and urban settlements are two kinds of human settlement.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are temporary settlements? Who dwell in these settlements and what are their main occupations?
Answer:

• Settlements which are occupied for a short time are called temporary settlements.
• The people living in deep forests, hot and cold deserts and mountains often dwell in such temporary settlements.
• Their main occupations are hunting, gathering, shiftsing cultivation and transhumance.

Question 2.
Name the various animals used for transport in different parts of the world. .
Answer:

• In India, donkeys, mules, bullocks and camesl are used.
• In the Andes mountains of South America, Llamas are used.
• In Tibet, yaks are used.

Question 3.
Write four important features of airways.
Answer:

• Airways is the fastest means of transport.
• It is the most expensive due to high cost of fuel.
• It can reach even the most remote and distant areas, especially where there are no roads and railways.
• Helicopters are extremely useful in most inaccessible areas and in times of calamities for rescuing people and for distributing food, water, clothes and medicines.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Distinguish between transport and communication.
Answer:

Question 2.
Distinguish between National Highways and State Highways.
Answer:

Human Environment: Settlement, Transport and Communication Class 7 HBSE Notes

• Site : The place where a building or a settlement develops.
• Settlements : Places where people build their homes.
• Transport: The means by which people and goods move is called transport.
• Subways : Roads built underground.
• Communication : The process of conveying messages to others.
• Mass Media : The means through which we can communicate with a large number of people.
• Metalled Roads : Pucca roads that can be used in all the weather.
• Unmetalled Roads : Kuchcha roads are out of work during extreme weather.