HBSE 7th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 1 Tracing Changes Through a Thousand Years

Haryana State Board HBSE 7th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 1 Tracing Changes Through a Thousand Years Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 7th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 1 Tracing Changes Through a Thousand Years

HBSE 7th Class History Tracing Changes Through a Thousand Years Textbook Questions and Answers

LET’S RECALL

Question 1.
Who was considered a ‘foreigner’ in the past?
Answer:
In the medieval period the term ‘foreigner’ was used for any stranger who appeared, say in a given village, someone who was not a part of the society or culture.

Question 2.
State whether True or False:

1. We do not find inscriptions for the period after 700.
2. The Marathas asserted their political importance during this period.
3. Forest dwellers were sometimes pushed out of their lands with the spread of agriculture settlements.
4. Sultan Ghiyasuddin Balban controlled Assam, Manipur and Kashmir.

Answer:

1. False
2. True
3. False
4. False.

Question 3.
Fill in the blanks:

1. Archives are places where ………… are kept.
2. ………….. was a fourteenth century chronicles.
3. ………….. , ………….. , ………….. , ………….. and ………….. were some of the new crops introduced into the sub-continent during this period.

Answer:

1. documents and manuscripts.
2. Ziyauddin Barani.
3. Potatoes, corn, chilli, tea, coffee.

Question 4.
List some of the technological changes associated with this period.
Answer:
This period saw the technological changes which are given below:
1. Use of Persian wheel for irrigation.
2. Use of spinning wheel in weaving.
3. Use of firearms in combat made also appearance.

Question 5.
What were some of the major religious developments during this period?
Answer:
Some of the major religious developments during this period were:
(a) The worship of new deities
(b) The construction of temples by royalty.
(c) Growing importance of Brahmanas, the priests, as dominant groups in society.
(d) Brahmanas’ importance grew due to their knowledge of Sanskrit language. They were patronized by the Emperors.
(e) The idea of Bhakti emerged among people. The merchants and migrants brought with them the teachings of Quran, the holy book of Muslims.

LET’S UNDERSTAND

Question 6.
In what ways has the meaning of the term ‘Hindustan changed over the centuries’?
Answer:
The meaning of term ‘Hindustan’ has changed over the centuries in the following manner:
(a) In the 13th century, Minhaj-i-Siraj used the term ‘Hindustan’. For him the term meant the areas of Punjab, Haryana and the land between Ganga and Yamuna rivers. He used this term in a political sense that were a part of the dominions of the Delhi Sultan.

(b) In the sixteenth century poet Babur used the term to describe the geography, the fauna and the culture of the subcontinent.

(c) The poet Amir Khusrau used the term in the fourteenth century in the similar way as Babur in the sixteenth century.

(d) The term ‘Hindustan’ did not carry the political and national meaning as the term ‘India’ is used today.

Question 7.
How were the affairs of Jatis regulated?
Answer:
The ways in Which the affairs of jatis were regulated were as follows:
1. Jati framed their own rules and regulations to manage the conduct of their members.
2. Jati Panchayat or the assembly of elders enforced these regulations.
3. Jatis also followed the rules of their villages.

Question 8.
What does the term pan- regional empire mean?
Answer:
The term ‘pan-regional empire’ refers to an empire spanning over diverse regions. The empires of Chola, Kalsi, Tughlaqs and Mughals were’the examples of pan- regional empire.

LET’S DISCUSS

Question 9.
What are the difficulties historians face in using manuscripts.
Answer:
(a) Manuscripts were handwritten. They used palm-leaves as paper for writing. Some are written in Shikaste (illegible) script.

(b) Since the handwriting was not always clear, the scribes made small changes in words or sentences while copying manuscripts. Over the centuries, the changes grew until the manuscripts of the same text became very different fjrom the original.

(c) Historians interpreted the facts as per the manuscripts which they got.

Question 10.
How do historians divide the past into period? Do they face any problem in doing this?
Answer:
(i) Historians divide the past into periods on the basis of economic and social factors to characterise the major elements of different moments of the past.

(ii) Historians face many problems while dividing the past into periods as there was a good amount of technological development in the “medieval” period, which can be called as ‘modern’ in the contemporary context. But still the period is called “medieval” and not “modern”. On the other hand, modern past is followed by the “medieval” past.

LET’S DO

Question 11.
Compare either Map I or Map II with the present day map of the subcontinent; listing as many similarities and differences that you can find.

Map 1

Map 2

(A) Map 1

• Map I was made in 1154CE by geographer al-Idrisi.
• This presents a detail of the Indian subcontinent from his larger map of the world.
• In this map, South India was at that place where North India is at present and Sri Lanka is the Island at the top.
• Place names are marked in Arabic as Kanauj in Uttar Pradesh has been spelt as Qanauj.
• Present day map of the subcontinent is more clear. It has been made to scale and it clearly shows direction.

(B) Map 2
This map was made by French cartographer in 1720s.
In this map-

• Coastal areas are surprisingly detailed.
• Method of providing information was different.
• The technique of cartography differed

Question 12.
Find out where records are kept in your village or city. Who writes these records? Is there an archive? Who manages it? What kinds of documents are stored there? Who are the people who use it?
Answer:

• In villages, records are kept in the Panchayat Ghar. In cities, records are kept in the office of municipal committee or municipal corporation or an archive.
• The records are written and maintained by Sarpanch in villages. In cities these records are written by clerks.
• Rare manuscripts, government records and valuable books etc. are stored there.
• Scholars, researchers and government officials use them.

Question 13.
Look at the areas in the interior of the subcontinent on Map 2 of the textbook. Are they as detailed as those on the coast? Follow the course of the River Ganga and see how it is shown. Why do you think there is a difference in the level of detail and accuracy between the coastal and inland areas in this map.
Answer:
(a) No the areas in the interior of the subcontinent on Map 2 are not as detailed 1 as those on the coast.
(b) The European sailors and merchants who used this map, did not go to the inland places of the subcontinent as such as they interacted with the coastal areas
(c) Therefore, the level of detail and accuracy of coastal areas is better than the inland areas in the map.

Question 14.
Can you think of any other words whose meanings change in different contexts?
Answer:
The other word whose meaning change in different contexts is as under:
Jana:
1. Initially it was used to address people or group of people.
2. Later on it was used to denote land.

Question 15.
When was paper more expensive and easily available in the thirteenth or the fourteenth century?
Answer:
Paper was more expensive during thirteenth century and easily available in the fourteenth century.

Question 16.
Of the technological, economic, social and cultural changes described in this section, which do you; think were most significant in the town – or village in which you live?
Answer:
Students do youself.
(Hint: Technological changes did not have much impact on village or town life. But social cultural and economic changes had greater impact on our village life.)

Question 17.
(i) Why do you think rulers made such claims?
Answer:
Rulers wanted to show of, be popular and mighty by claming to have; control over distant territorises.

(ii) Make a list of languages mentioned by Amir Khusrau. Prepare another list of the names of language spoken today in the regions he s mentioned. Underline name that are; similar and circle those that are different. Did you notice that the names by which languages are known have\changed over time?
Answer:

Region	Languages at the time of Amir Khusrau	Present day languages
Sindh	Sindhi	Punjabi + Urdu
Lahore	Lahori	Punjabi + Urdu
Kashmir	Kashmiri	Kashmiri
South Karnataka	Dvarsamudri	Kannadal
Andhra Pradesh	Telangani	Telugu
Gujarat	Guiarati	Gujarati
Tamil Nadu	Mabar	iTamill
Bengal	Gauri	Bengali
Eastern U.P.	Awadhi	Lakhnuavi
Delhi	Hindawi	Hindi

Yes, there are significant changes in the spoken languages at different regions over time.

(iii) What was the duration of rule of the Khalji and Mughal dynasties?
Answer:
(a) Khalji dynasty ruled from 1290 to 1320.
(b) Mughal dynasty ruled from 1526 to 1857.

Question 18.
(i) Find out whether and for how long your state was part of these pan-reginal empires.
Answer:
Students do yourself.

(ii) Do you remember what Amir Khusrau had to say regarding Sanskrit, knowledge and Brahmanas?
Answer:
Amir Khusrau said that Sanskrit did not belong to any region. It was an old language and common people did not know it. Only the Brahmanas spoke it.

Question 19.
You are a historian. Choose one of the themes mentioned in this chapter, such as economic, social or political, history and discuss why you think it would be interesting to find out the history of that theme.
Answer:
Political theme would be interesting to explore in the historical context. Some of the reasons why to explore it, are as under:
(a) Political theme in history introduces us to our past rulers, their families, administrations, wars and battles.
(b) It also lead us to know about the various ruling practices such as, rule by group of people (republic) or monarchy etc.
(c) It imparts the knowledge about relations with neighbouring countries etc.

HBSE 7th Class History Tracing Changes Through a Thousand Years Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How was paper used?
Answer:
The paper was used to write holy texts, chronicles of rulers, letters and techniques of saints, petitions and judicial records, accounts and taxes.

Question 2.
Which group of people became important during medieval period?
Answer:
The Rajputs became important during medieval period.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Why is India called the land of many names?
Answer:
• India was named Aryavarta because this country being the abode of Aryans.
• India was named Bharat after the name of King Bharat.
• The name Hindustan and Indus were derived from Sindhu, the Vedic name of the great river of north-west.
• The Romans modified the name as Indus.
Hence India is called the land of many names.

Question 2.
What does ‘time’ mean by historians? How is the study of ‘time’ convenient for historians?
Answer:
‘Time’ for historians doesn’t mean just a passing of hours, days or years. It also reflects changes in social and economic organization, in the persistence and transformation of ideas and beliefs.

The study of ‘time’ is important because it helps historians to divide the past into large segments. The historians study the different aspects of the specific period and then assess the comparative progress and their effect on society.

Question 3.
How were the views of Shia Muslims and Sunni Muslims different from each other?
Answer:
Shia Muslims believed that Prophet Muhammad’s son-in-law, Ali was the legitimate leader of the Muslim Community. Shunni Muslims accepted the authority of the’ early leaders (Khalifas) of the community, and the succeeding Khalifas.

Question 4.
How has the medieval period helped in the development of the Indian history.?
Answer:
Medieval period has been helpful in the development of Indian history because:
(i) In this period, many modern languages which we speak now developed during this period.
(ii) Some of the food items we eat and the clothes we wear became popular during this period.
(iii) The history of our current religious faiths (such as Islam, Sikhism etc.) can be traced back to this period.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What wee the main features of jatis, during medieval period?
Answer:
(a) During medieval period, people were grouped into jatis or sub-castes and ranked on the basis of their backgrounds and occupations.
(b) Ranks were not fixed permanently, and varied according to the power, influence and resources controlled by members of jati.
(c) The status of the same jati could vary from area to area.

Question 2.
What were the problems of peasants during medieval period?
Answer:
During the medieval period, peasants had following problems:
(a) They were influenced by various forces such as – regional markets, chieftains, priests, monasteries and temples.
(b) They became part of large, complex societies and were required to pay taxes and offer goods and services to local lords.
(c) Some peasants possessed more productive land, other also kept cattle while some of them did artisanal work with agricultural activities during the lean season.

Tracing Changes Through a Thousand Years Class 7 HBSE Notes

• Cartographer: A person who draws maps.
• Archive: A place where documents and manuscripts are stored.
• Habitat: It refers to the environment of a region and the social and economic lifestyle of its residents.
• Patron: An influential, wealthy individual who supports another person man artiste.
• Manuscript: Handwritten accounts of contemporary events.
• Inscription: Document inscribed on some hard permanent material (generally some stone or metal) in the forms of letters or other conventional signs for the purpose of conveying some information.
• Caliph: A title of the head of the Muslim Community, literally meaning the successor of the ‘vice regent’.
• Feudalism: A political and economic system that came, into western Europe during the ‘Dark Age’.
• Chronicles: Accounts of historical events given by various writers.
• Biography: The written account of a person’s life by another writer.
• Auto-biography: A written account of a person’s life by the same person.