Class 7

Haryana State Board HBSE 7th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 10 Struggles for Equality Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 7th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 10 Struggles for Equality

HBSE 7th Class Civics Struggles for Equality Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What do you think is meant by the expression ‘power over the ballot box? Discuss.
Answer:
The expression ‘power over the ballot box means the power to vote. Every adult (a person of 18 years or above) in India has the equal right to vote during elections. This right has been used by people to elect or replace their representatives.

Question 2.
What issue is the Tawa Matsya Sangh (TMS) fighting for?
Answer:
The Tawa Matsya Sangh (TMS) is fighting for the rights of displaced forest dwellers of the Satpura forest in Madhya Pradesh.

Question 3.
Why did the villagers set up this organisation?
Answer:
The villagers set up this organisation to fight for the right, to fish catch in the ‘Tawa Reservoir’.

Question 4.
Do you think that the large- scale participation of villagers has contributed to the success of the TMS? Write two lines on why you think so.
Answer:
Yes, the large-scale participation of the villagers has contributed to the success of the TMS. It shows that when people are united, they can successfully fight for their rights. It is the power of the voice of the people in a democracy which ultimately wins. The committee of government, recommended their right to catch fish in the Tawa Reservoir.

Question 5.
What role does the Constitution play in people’s struggle for inequality?
Answer:
The Indian Constitution plays a great role in People’s struggle for inequality.

• The Indian Constitution is a living document which recognises the equality to all persons.
• Movements and struggle for equality in India continuously refer to the Indian Constitution to make their point about equality and justice for all.
• The Constitution highlights the challenges to equality in democracy like (a) privatisation of health services in the country, the increasing control that business houses exert on media, the low value given to women and their work.
• Whenever any Fundamental Right is violated, we can go to the court.

Question 6.
Read the poem on page 120 NCERT. Why grains rots in godowns while I don’t even get a fistful of rice. What does the poet mean when he says, “My hunger has the right to know?”
Answer:
It means we have plenty of grains stored in godown but of hoarders and merchants put the poor people are still not getting a single bit of rice. They are still facing hunger.

HBSE 7th Class Geography Struggles for Equality Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What do you mean by equality during elections?
Answer:
Equality during elections means that all adults in India have the equal right to vote.

Question 2.
Why are people displaced?
Answer:
When dams are built or forest areas are declared sanctuaries for animals, a large number of people are displaced.

Question 3.
When did the government give the rights for fishing to private contractors?
Answer:
In 1994, the government gave the rights for fishing in the Tawa reservoir to private contractors.

Question 4.
Why are people discriminated in India?
Answer:
People are discriminated on the basis of a person’s religion, caste and sex.

Question 5.
Why is a dam built?
Answer:
A dam is built across a river at sites where one can collect a lot of water.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What factors are considered significant in treating people unequality in India?
Answer:
(i) Discrimination on the basis of a person’s religion, caste and sex are the significant factors for- why people are treated unequally in India.
(ii) For example, Omprakash Valmiki was forced to sweep the school yard because he was a Dalit, Ansaris were not given apartment on lease because they wepe Muslims.

Question 2.
What were the effects of displacement of poor people in urban area?
Answer:

• In urban area basis (localities) in which poor people live are often uprooted. As a result, some of these poor people are relocated to areas outside the city.
• Its consequences are that Poor people’s work as well as their children’s schooling is severely disrupted.
• It is because of the distance from the outskirt of the city to these locations.

Question 3.
What does the Indian Constitution say about the equality?
Answer:
(i) The Indian Constitution recognises all Indians as equal before the law.
(ii) It also states that no person can be discriminated on the basis of their religion, sex, caste or income and wealth.

Question 4.
People’s lives in India are highly unequal. Discuss.
Answer:

• The man who sells juice does not have the resources to compete with all of the major companies who sell branded drinks through expensive advertising.
• Thus, poverty and the lack of resources are considered a basic reason in making so many people’s lives in India unequal.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Why is the Indian Constitution called a living document?
Answer:
The Indian Constitution is called a living document because :

• Indian Constitution recognizes the equality of all persons.
• Indian Constitution has a real meaning in our lives.
• The foundation of all movements for justice and the inspiration and for all the poetry and songs is the recognition of equality among people. The Indian Constitution recognises of equality among people.
• Movements and struggles for equality in India continuously refer to the Indian Constitution to make their point about equality and justice to all.

Question 2.
How does the Right to Equality establish the Social Equality in India? Do you think it is practically achieved in our country?
Answer:
Article 15 provides that the state shall not discriminate against citizens on grounds of religion, sex, caste, colour. The same article provides that all the citizen shall have access to the public restaurants, hotels and places of public entertainment etc.

However, the right to equality given under Constitution is not practised in reality. The increasing privatisation of health services and the neglect of government hospitals have made it difficult for most poor people to get good quality healthcare do not have the resources to afford expensive private health services.

Struggles for Equality Class 7 HBSE Notes

• Equality : A state when everyone should be given equal opportunities for their all round development.
• Scheduled Caste : Certain castes which are linked with the Govt, of India due to their backwardness.
• Social Justice: A condition in which there should be equality of opportunity of progress for every citizen of the country without any discrimination.
• Constitution: Fundamental law and principles according to which a country is governed.
• Economic Justice: It is a condition where all the citizens are guaranteed a decent standard of living without any economic disparity.
• Welfare State: A system in which the government provides free social services like health and education to help the old, the unemployed, and the sick.
• Basti: Area around the urban areas, where poor people live in Jhuggi-Jhopfi.

Haryana State Board HBSE 7th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 8 Markets Around Us Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 7th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 8 Markets Around Us

HBSE 7th Class Civics Markets Around Us Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
In what ways is a hawker different from shop owners?
Answer:

Question 2.
Compare and contrast a weekly market and a shopping complex on the following:

Answer:

Question 3.
Explain how a chain of markets is formed. What purpose does it serve?
Answer:
A chain of markets is the interlinking of a producer, wholesaler and retailer in the following ways:
(i) We don’t buy goods directly from the factory or farm, where the production takes place.
(ii) The people in between the producer and the final consumer is the trader.
(iii) The wholesaler buys goods in large quantities and sells them to traders.
(iv) The trader who finally sells this to consumer is the retailer.
Goods travel to us though a chain of markets which we were not aware of this allows good-quality of goods to reach us in an easy, accessible and feasible way.

Question 4.
‘All persons have equal rights to visit any shop in a market place.’ Do you think this is true of shops with expensive products? Explain with examples.
Answer:
No, it is not true for shops with expensive products. This is because the companies producing branded products . through shops in urban markets and at times, through special show rooms. Fewer people can afford to buy branded goods and hence rights are restricted.

For example:
Sujata and Kavita who entered a shop that was selling branded readymade clothes were stared at by the security guard. They could not even buy a dress since most of them were expensive.

Question 5.
‘Buying and selling can take place without going to a marketplace.’ Explain the statement with the help of example.
Answer:
One does not have to go to the markets to purchase goods. You can place order for a variety of things through the phone and these days through the internet as well, and then the goods are delivered to your home. In clinics and nursing homes and likewise, sales representatives are also engaged in the selling of goods. Thus buying and selling take place in different markets, not necessarily to the ones we need to visit.
For example: Many sites on the net today.

Question 6.
Why do people go to a weekly market?
Answer:
People go to a weekly market because:
(a) They can fulfill their everyday requirements.
(b) Many things in the market are available at cheap rates.
(c) Almost all things are available at one place.

Question 7.
Who are the sellers in a weekly market? Why don’t we find big businessmen in weekly market?
Answer:
Sellers are small traders in a weekly market who store their things at home and sell them at cheap rates in the market. We don’t find big businessmen in weekly markets because here low-quality low-priced goods are sold. The goods are not branded. Big Businessmen usually deal in designer products and branded goods that are well- promoted though advertising and incur them a lot of profit. This is done through permanent urban markets or special showrooms.

Question 8.
Explain with an example how people bargain in a weekly market. Can you think of an example where the bargain would be unfair?
Answer:
Weekly markets also have a large number of shops sellings the same goods which means there is competition between them. If some trader were to charge a higher price, people can bargain and bring the price down. The bargain would be unfair if the shopkeeper has not kept any margin for his product.

Question 9.
Why did Sujata carry a notebook? Do you think this system is useful? Can there be problems?
Answer:
Sujata carried a notebook along with her so that the amount of money of purchase could be noted down. This bond of trust allowed Sujata to pay on credit. However this could create the following problems:
(а) insecurity for the seller (if the buyer is unknown)
(b) a sense of doubt.

Question 10.
What are the different kinds of shops that find in your neighbourhood? What do you purchase from them.
Answer:
There are many shops in a neighbourhood; i.e.
(a) Dairy
Goods bought: milk, cottage cheese, curd.

(b) Grocery
Goods bought: fruits and vegetables

(c) Stationery
Goods bought: pens, pencils, charts, erasers

(d) Eatables
Goods bought: cooked snacks

(e) Bakery
Goods bought: baked goods like cakes, pastries

(f) Chemist
Goods bought: medicines.

Question 11.
Why are goods sold in permanent shops costlier than those sold in the weekly markets or by roadside hawkers?
Answer:
The goods sold in permanent shops are costlier than those sold in weekly market or by roadside hawkers because they provide more facilities at ease to its consumers. They are useful in many ways:

• easily accessible
• familiar relation between the buyer and seller
• goods on credit.

Question 12.
Why do you think the guard wanted to stop Kavita and Sujata from entering the shopWhat would you say if someone stops you from entering a shop in the market?
Answer:
The guard wanted to stop Kavita and Sujata from entering the shop because by demeanour, they seemed to be of a low economic background and would to be able to afford the expenses of the shop.

I would question my right if somebody stops me from entering a shop as it would be sincere violation of my dignity.

Question 13.
Why do people not bargain in shops located in malls whereas they bargain in weekly markets?
Answer:
Branded goods are expensive often promoted by advertising and are of a better qualities. Hence, people sustain a skeptical nature of bargaining in these large urban markets on special showroom. Only the people who afford to buy these goods generally visit these shops.

Question 14.
How do you think your neighbourhood shop gets its goods? Find out and explain with example.
Answer:
A neighbourhood shop is generally controlled by a retailer who gets its goods from the wholesaler.
For example, the vegetable wholesale trader will not buy few kilos of vegetables from farmers but in large quantities. These will be then sold to our neighbourhood grocer. Buying and selling take place between traders and goods shall reach us.

Question 15.
Why is a wholesale trader necessary?
Answer:
The producer, on its own cannot send its goods to the final consumers or retailing shop. It is with the help of a wholesale trader that goods reach faraway places. It is from here that a retailer buys the goods so that it reaches the final consumers.

HBSE 7th Class Civics Markets Around Us Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Who are in between the producer and the final consumers?
Answer:
Wholesalers, distributors and retailers are in between the producer and the final consumer.

Question 2.
Write any one advantage of weekly market?
Answer:
Most of the things of our daily and common use are available at one place in weekly market at a cheaper rate.

Question 3.
Where are shopping complexes found?
Answer:
Shopping complexes are found in the urban areas, cities, etc.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What do you know about weekly market?
Answer:
(i) A weekly market is held on a specific day of week.
(ii) It does not have permanent shops.
(iii) Traders set up their shops for the day and then close them up in the evening.

Question 2.
What are the extra expenditure incurred in permanent shop that are not incurred in the weekly market?
Answer:
There are various expenditures incurred in permanent shops which are not in weekly market. For example:
(a) They have to pay rent, electricity and sometimes fees to the Government.
(b) They have to pay wages to their workers.

Question 3.
What do you know about mills?
Answer:
The large multi-stores air-conditioned buildings with shops on different floors are known as malls. These malls have both branded and non-branded goods and promote them by advertising.

Question 4.
Explain the meaning of chain of markets.
Answer:
A chain of markets is a series of markets inter connected in links or chains because products pass from one country to another.

Question 5.
‘Internet has brought a revolution in the availability of markets.’ Do you agree? Explain.
Answer:
Today we can place order for a variety of things on the Internet and the goods are delivered at your home. This allows easy availability, accessibility and economic feasibility of goods. Internet always or often does offer exciting deals.

Question 6.
Explain who is the most benefitted in the Chain of Markets.
Answer:
A retailer is the most benefitted in the chain of markets since he sells the goods at the highest price and earns more profit than the wholesaler.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are the markets we might be unaware of? Give two detailed examples.
Answer:
Some of the markets that act as imputs to an industry and help in the formation of products that finally reach us are markets that we night be unaware of these are feeder markets whose goods we don’t require and hence we can’t recognise themselves.

Two examples for the same are given below:
(i) We may want to acquire the food crop or food item sold by a retailer but we may not be interested in knowing the market from where the farmer sought his production needs (seeds, fertilizer etc.).

(ii) A car factory purchases engines, cars, gears, petrol tanks, are but we are interested in only buying the product i.e., the car.
However, it is also true that the producers recognise these shops.

Question 2.
What do you know about the market and goods, which are sold and bought in but we don’t use directly? Explain about with examples.
Answer:
There are markets that we may not be aware of. In these markets a variety of goods are bought and sold in large numbers that we don’t use directly. For example, a car factory purchases engine, gears, petrol tanks, axles, wheels, etc. from v various other factories. They use them for making car, a final product that we use directly.

Markets Around Us Class 7 HBSE Notes

• Chain of Markets: A series of markets that are connected like links in a chain because product pass from one market to another.
• Mall: This is an enclosed shopping space. This is usually a large building with many floors that has shops, restaurants, at any time, even a cinema theatre. These shops most often sell branded products.
• Retailers: The trader who finally sells goods to these consumers.
• Weekly Market: These markets are not daily markets but are to be found at a particular place on one or maybe two days of the week. These markets most often sell everything that a household needs ranging from vegetables to clothes or utensils.
• Wholesale This refers to buying or selling in large quantities. Most products, including vegetables, fruits, and flowers have special wholesale markets.

Haryana State Board HBSE 7th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 7 Understanding Advertising Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 7th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 7 Understanding Advertising

HBSE 7th Class Civics Understanding Advertising Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What do you understand by the word brand? List two reasons why building brands is central to advertising.
Answer:
The term “brand’ refers to the special identification or name that is associated with a product. Building a brand is central to advertising because:
(a) The product is signed or stamped by a particular name.
(b) It differentiates it from other products available in the market.
For example: The buyers of ‘TRIMURTI POP’ know that they are buying a guaranteed product with an ISI mark.

Question 2.
Choose two of your favourite prints advertisement. Now look at each of these and answer the following questions.
(a) What visuals and text is being used in these advertisements to attract my attention?
(b) What values are being promoted in these advertisements?
(c) Who is this advertisement speaking to and who is it leaving out?
(d) If you could not afford the brand that is being advertised how would you feel?

Question 3.
Can you explain two ways in which you think advertising affects issues of equality in a democracy?
Answer:
Yes, the two ways in which you think advertising affects issues of equality in a democracy are :
(а) In a democracy, all the people are equal and should be able to lead a life of dignity, advertising tends to promote a certain lack of respect for the poor people. The branded goods are costly and through advertisements, their image is created which appeals elite people. Poor people cannot afford them.

(b) There is a question of inequality at market front. Only large companies can.

Question 4.
Making an advertisement requires a lot of creativity. Let us imagine a situation in which a manufacturer has just made a new watch. She says that she want to sell this watch to school children. She comes to your class and asks you all to create a brand name as well as an advertisement for the watch. Divide the class into small groups and each group create an advertisement for this watch, share it with class.
Answer:
This is a group activity, for your help here clues are given:
(a) Write the slient features of the watch.
(b) Warrantee period.
(c) Rate of discount.
(d) Also sketch the diagram of wrist and hand watches.
Try to solve it in your class room by divid¬ing the class in four/six groups.

Look at the two advertisements and fill in the table.

Answer:

Question 2.

(A) What do you think is the target audience for the social advertise¬ments below? (NCERT Page 88)
Answer:
(a) Disabled Children.
(b) Persons crossing unmanned railway crossing.

(B) What is the message that each social advertisement is trying to get across? (NCERT Page 88)
Answer:
(a) Freedom is the birthright of disabled children too and they have right to education.
(b) Railways run faster than us. So we should not cross the railway crossing when the train is coming.

HBSE 7th Class Civics Understanding Advertising Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is advertising?
Answer:
The promotion of saleable goods, services and ideas by a reputed sponsor is termed as advertising.

Question 2.
Which was the commonest means of advertising in ancient times?
Answer:
‘Word of Mouth’ was the ; commonest form of advertising practised in ancient times.

Question 3.
What makes mass selling possible?
Answer:
Advertising makes mass selling possible.

Question 4.
When and where did weekly newspaper advertising begin?
Answer:
Weekly advertising began in England in 17th century.

Question 5.
Name two products which were promoted by early print advertising?
Answer:
Books and medicines.

Question 6.
Name four kinds of advertising.
Answer:
(a) Political advertising
(b) Public advertising
(c) Commercial advertising
(d) Social advertising.

Question 7.
Define ‘branding’.
Answer:
‘Branding’ means stamping a product with a particular name or sign. This is done in order to differentiate it from other products in the market.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Why do you think the manufacturers of the soap and the daal gave their products specific names?
Answer:
The manufacturers of the daal and the soap gave their products specific names like “Show you child you care” and “Top Taste Daal” respectively so that they can draw our attention. These names also describe the products, daal and soap positively so that we may become convinced and interested to buy them.

Question 2.
What role do advertisements play in our lives?
Answer:
We mostly buy branded products under the influence of advertisements. Their branded products influence the ways in which we think about ourselves, our friends and our family.

Question 3.
What is the role of advertising in society?
Answer:
(a) Advertising helps to sell different products!n the market.
(b) It create airurge for change of lifestyle and uplifting social status.
(c) Because of ever-increasing number of goods and advertisements, things which were considered as luxury are now a vital necessity of life

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Distinguish between commercial and social advertisement.
Answer:

Question 2.
What are the basic requirements of good advertising?
Answer:
The basic requirements of good advertising are:

• It should be well-designed in conformity/with the law and regulations of the country.
• It should not go against morality.
• It should not be against the religious susceptibilities of the people.
• In the case of commercial advertising everything related to the product should be provided accurately.
• It should not have derogatory references to another.

Understanding Advertising Class 7 HBSE Notes

• Product: This refers to a thing or service that has been made for being sold in the market.
• Consumer: This refers to the person for whom the goods or products have been made and who pays money to buy and use them.
• Brand: This refers to a special identification or name that is associated with a product such identification is created through the process of advertising.
• To influence: This refers to the power to change what someone believes or does.
• LifeStyle: Lifestyle refers to people’s lives being identified by the products they own, the clothes they wear, the places they live in, etc.

Haryana State Board HBSE 7th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 6 Understanding Media Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 7th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 6 Understanding Media

HBSE 7th Class Civics Understanding Media Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
In what ways does the media play an important role in democracy?
Answer:
Media plays an important role in democracy in the following ways:
(a) On the basis of media’s information citizens can learn how the government works.
(b) Public becomes aware of the fraudulent practices and the corruption is curbed.
(c) Media helps in forming opinion of the masses.
(d) The media also announces the opinion of the public about certain issues, problems.

Question 2.
Can you give this diagram a title? What do you understand about the link between media and big business from this diagram?

Answer:
Title to the diagram:
Role of Media for Business Houses
Link between media and Big Business Houses:
(i) Media helps in advertisement for products of big business houses.
(ii) Media helps business houses to know about the detailed programmes of government.
(iii) Big Business houses come to know about the needs, wants of people and changing trends in their lines of products.
(iv) Media gets business through big business houses.
(v) Some popular media groups are owned by big business houses, e.g., Hindustan Times by Birla group. Hence, media and big business houses are complementary to each other.

Question 3.
You have read about the ways in which media, sets the agenda. What kind of effect does this have in a democracy? Provide two examples in support of your view.
Answer:
Media ‘sets agenda’ because media has its great importance of its own. It is the media through which the public can raise voices. Media decides which subjects to highlight and hence ‘sets the agenda’.
For example:
(i) News of major public events is highlighted.
(ii) The visit of a famous political party is highlighted.
(iii) Alarming level of adulterations in food items is highlighted.

Question 4.
As a class project, decide to focus on a particular news topic and cut out stories from different newspapers on this.-Also watch the coverage of this topic on TV news. Compare two newspapers and write down the similarity and differences in their reports. It might help to ask the following questions:
(a) What information is this article providing?
(b) What information is it leaving out?
(c) From whose point of view is the article being written?
(d) Whose point of view is being left and why?
Answer:
I. Hindustan Times

India fourth-largest market: Domino’s

HT Correspondent
[email protected]

New Delhi:
Jubilant Food Works, which operates the Domino’s Pizza chain and Dunkin’ Donuts in India, on Thursday said India is Domino’s fourth-biggest overseas market, after the US, UK and Mexico.

“In the global Domino’s system, we are amongst the top four countries in terms of absolute number of stores,” said Sliyam S Bhartia, chairman and Hari S Bhartia, co¬chairman, Jubilant Food Works Ltd., while inaugurating the food major’s 500th store at Rajinder Nagar, Delhi.

The chain, which sells 70% of all India’s home- delivery pizzas and has 55% share of the organised pizza markets, is betting on products that cater to Indian tastes to continue its aggressive growth. “There are a number of tweaked products in the pipeline to woo the taste buds of the Indian consumer. Our aim is to continue innovation at reasonable price points,” said Richard Allison, executive vice¬president, Bomino’s Pizza International.

Betting of India
500 Number of Domino’s stores in India 30% Sales growth in one store over the fiscal year 2010-11 ‘ 55% Market share in the organised pizza market. 70% Market share in the pizza home delivery segment

From left:
Hari S Bhartia, co-chairman, Jubilant Food Works Ltd; Ritchard Allison, executive vice-president, International Dominos Worldwide and Shyam S Bhartia, chairman, Jubilant Food Works Ltd in New Delhi on Thursday.

(a) This article provides information that India is the fourth largest market of Dominos-after the US, UK and Mexico.
(b) It is leaving out information on what other products Dominos want to introduce in India.
(c) The article is being written from the point of view of those who want to enter new business venture with Dominos and the consumers.
(d) The point of view of the workers at Dominos is left out.
This is so because it is market-oriented.

India fastest growing market for Domino’s
Dipti Jain / TNN

New Delhi:
Despite a palpable slowdown in the eating out industry across the globe, India has emerged as the fastest growing market for Domino’s outpacing US, which is the largest market for the pizza chain major across 73 countries where it has presence. India recorded an annual growth rate of nearly 50% for Domino’s for the fifth consecutive year.

“India has been performing fabulously for us. We are seeing some pressure in western Europe especially, where it has been a very tough economic year for us,” Domino’s executive vice-president (international) Richard E Allison Jr said. India, which accounts for 5% of Domino’s global sales, is among the top five markets for the US based company. In terms of store counts too, India has registered the highest growth among all other markets.

The brand added 75 stores in India in calendar year 2011 taking the total number to 500. It is planning to increase the number by 100 in the current financial year. The company, which currently competes with other food chains such as Pizza Hut and Papa John’s, commands around 55% share of the Rs. 1,800 crore pizza industry in the country.

With only 10-15% of the industry organized, Allison is optimistic on increasing its market share by increased accessibility to consumers. The company will invest over Rs. 150 crore in India this financial year, up from the Rs. Ill crore it had invested last year. Like most other companies in the quick service restaurant space, Domino’s too reported a decline in the same stores sales growth in the April to June quarter to 22.3% from 36.7% in the corresponding period last year.

With consumer spending getting more discretionary, the brand has pushed price hikes, which normally happen in the first quarter, to the second quarter of the current fiscal year.

The company is also focusing on value offerings in a bid to widen its consumer base in the country. “We have to think about the product pricing always. The game is all about value pricing. We are only focusing on increasing our market share in India.”
(a) This article is providing information on the expanding share of Indian market for Dominos.
(b) This article is leaving information on the other big markets (except US) for share of Dominos.
(c) This article is written from the view of producers and consumers of Dominos
(d) This article leaves the point of view of the workers working at Indian Domino outlets.

Activity Based Questions:

Question 1.
Look at the collage and list the six kinds of media that you see
Answer:
• Radio
• Television
• DVD
• Computer and Internet
• Newspapers, magazines
• Periodicals

Question 2.
Ask older members of your family about what they used to listen to on the radio when there was no TV around. Find out from them when the first TV came to your area. When was cable TV introduced?
Answer:
• Older members of our family used to listen to news on radio and old Hindi songs.
• The first TV came to our area in 1962.
• Cable TV was introduced in 1984.

Question 3.
How many people in your neighbourhood use the internet?
Answer:
Many people.

Question 4.
List three things that you know about some other part of the world from watching television.
Answer:
•International Cricket matches.
• Fashion-shows
• Disasters-Natural or Man-made.

Question 5.
Can you list three different products that are advertised during your favourite TV programme?
Answer:
• Vodafone
• Surf excel
• Brooke-Bond Tea.

Question 6.
Take a newspaper and count the number of advertisements in it. Some people say that newspapers have too many advertisements? Do you think this is true and why?
Answer:
• Hindustan Times-70
Some people correctly say that newspapers have many advertise¬ments but it in important because:
(i) Many advertisements bring down the cost of the newspaper to the generally public and it becomes widely affordable.

Question 7.
Are the above stories in the two newspapers given above similar? And if not, why not? What, in your view, are the similarities and differences?
Answer:
Both the news relate to the closure of factories in the residential areas. However, the News of India reports about the nuisance created by the protesters. It is reported that they disrupt traffic and continuously pollute the city. The Indian Daily reports about the plight of lot of workers who lose jilieir livelihoods because of closure “of factories.

Question 8.
If you read the story in the News of India, what would you think about the issue?
Answer:
The government’s decision about closure of factories is apt because it would reduce the pollution. The angry owners and workers protest the decision and cause unrest.

Question 9.
Do you think it is important to know both sides of the story?
Answer:
It is important to know both sides of the story because only then we shall be able to develop our own views and give judgements

Question 10.
What is the consequence of the Media, “setting the agenda by reporting on the fashion week rather than the slum demolitions?”
Answer:
By report on the fashion week, the media will attract more readers and they will earn more money.

Question 11.
Can you think of an issue that does not seem important to you because it is never featured in the media?
Answer:
Inflationary prices of essential commodities.

HBSE 7th Class Civics Understanding Media Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is media?
Answer:
All means of communication are collectively referred to as media.

Question 2.
Why are newspapers called print media?
Answer:
The newspapers are called print media, because these newspapers use print technology in reporting their news, etc.

Question 3.
What is censorship?
Answer:
When the government prevents media from making a news or programme or their parts public it is called censorship.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is a balanced report? What is the basic requirement of a balanced report?
Answer:
A balanced report is one which discusses all points of view of a particular story and then leaves it to readers to make up their mind.
The basic requirement of a balanced report is an independent media. No one should tell the media what is to be included and what should not be included in the report.

Question 2.
Why are most newspapers not able to provide a balanced story before the readers?
Answer:
Most newspapes are not able to provide a balanced story before readers because most of media are controlled by big business houses in India. Many business houses, provide advertisement to the newspapers. How can they publish anything against them when they run at their expenses.

Question 3.
How can the credibility of the media be maintained?
Answer:
The credibility of media can be maintained if. media does not resort to unethical means for raising its circulation. Media should not try to make money through a sting operation. The media should also not conduct trials and pronounce people guilty or innocent since it is not their job.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is the role of TV in our lives?
Answer:
(i) At present we can not imagine our lives without TV. It has made us the members of the world community.
(ii) It allows us to view news and entertainment channels across the world through satellites and cables.
(iii) We can see live telecast of any event, natural calamities, etc., happening in one corner while sitting in other corner of the world.
Thus, the TV has changed the world into a small village.

Understanding Media Class 7 HBSE Notes

• Publish: This refers to news-reports, articles, interviews, stories, etc. that are printed in newspapers, magazines and books for a wide audience to read.
• Censorship: This refers to the powers that government has to disallow media from publishing or showing certain stories.
• Broadcast: This, here, refers to a TV or radio programme that is widely transmitted.
• Public Protest: When a large number of people come together and openly state their opposition to some issue. Organizing a rally, starting a signature campaign, blocking roads, etc. are some of the ways in which this is done.
• Media: Media is the plural form of medium which means ways through which the issues are published and propagated through various means, like newspapers, magazines, radio, television, periodicals, internet satellites, etc.

Haryana State Board HBSE 7th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 5 Women Change the World Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 7th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 5 Women Change the World

HBSE 7th Class Civics Women Change the World Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
How do you think stereotypes about what women can or cannot do, affect women’s right to equality?
Answer:
The stereotypes affect the right to equality for women. It is because of this that women are called inferior to men. Many girls do not get the same support that the boys do to study and get trained to become doctors and engineers. Once the girls finish school, they get married. Such stereotypes and beliefs from society should be abondoned.

Question 2.
List one reason why learning the alphabet was so important to women like Rashundari Devi, Ramabai, and Rokeya?
Answer:
Learning the alphabet is so important to women like Rashundari Devi, Ramabai, and Rokeya because they could share their ideology with society through their writing. In their writings, they imagined new ways of thinking and living for both men and women.

Question 3.
“Poor girls drop out of school because they are not interested in getting an education.” Re-read the last paragraph on page 92 and explain why this statement is not true?
Answer:
The above statement does not hold true because of the following reasons:

• There are no facilities in rural areas, especially in Adiwasi areas.
• Schools are not close to people’s homes and there is no transport facility like buses or vans. So parents may avoid sending girls to school.
• Some families are so poor that they cannot afford to send all their children to school. The poor families prefer to send boys to school.

Question 4.
Can you describe two methods of struggle that the women’s movements used to raise issues? If you had to struggle against stereotypes about what women can or cannot do, what method would you employ from the ones that you have read about? Why would you choose this particular method?
Answer:
The two methods of struggle that the woman’s movement used to raise issues are:
(i) Protesting: The women’s movement raises its voice when violations against women take place.
For example: When a law or policy acts against women’s interests.

(ii) Raising Awareness in society:
The important part of women’s movements work is to raise public awareness of women’s .rights issues. Raising public awareness is one of the bet methods to organise a struggle against stereotypes. We have chosen this method because it massage can spread through street plays, songs, and public meetings.

Question 5.

(i) What percentage of children leave school at the elementary level?
Answer:
52%

(ii) At which level of education do you see the highest percentage of children leaving?
Answer:
At secondary level (63%)

(iii) Why do you think that the percentage of Adivasi girls and boys leaving school is higher than that of any other group?
Answer:
The percentage of Adivasi girls and boys leaving school is higher than that of any other group because
(a) There are very few proper school or teachers who teach on a regular basis.
(b) Many of them are too poor to send their children to school.

Question 6.
From the given table, convert the figures of so. primary class children who leave school into a bar diagram.
Answer:

HBSE 7th Class Civics Women Change the World Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Who is the first woman engine driver for Northern Railways?
Answer:
Laxmi Lakra, from a poor tribal family in Jharkhand is the first woman engine driver for Northern Railways.

Question 2.
What roles did women use to play in the pottery trade in the past?
Answer:
Women used to fetch the right quality mud and prepare the earthen pots in the pottery trade in the past.

Question 3.
Where did Ramahai set up her mission?
Answer:
Ramabai set her mission in Khelgaon near Pune.

Question 4.
Which is the first known autobiography written by an Indian woman?
Answer:
Amar Jiban is the first known autobiography written by Rashsundari Devi; an Indian woman writer.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What do you mean by Census?
Answer:
(i) Census is a survey of counting the whole population of the country by government every ten years.
(ii) Through it, the important informations in detail are also gathered about the people living in the country. For example, their age, sex, schooling (education), occupations, etc.

Question 2.
What led the government to pass a law to protect the women When was the law passed? Write about the law.
Answer:
(a) The women’s campaigns led the government to pass a new law in 2006.
(b) The law is for the protection of women against domestic violence. It gives legal protection to women who face physical and mental violence within their home.

Question 3.
What were new ideas emerged in the 19th century?
Answer:
(a) There were new ideas about education and learning that emerged in the 19th century.
(b) Schools were opened here and there.
(c) The people or communities who didn’t know reading and writing began sending their children to schools.

Question 4.
What did Rashsundari Devi give the world through her writing and in what situation?
Answer:
(a) Through her writing Rashusundari Devi gave the world an opportunity to read about the lives of women she experienced in those days.
(b) She wrote about her everyday life in a situation when she did not have a moment to rest, even to sit down and eat.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
In which sphere of life the conditions of women and girls have improved and why?
Answer:
The conditions of women and girls have improved in the following sphere of lives:
(а) At present, women and girls have the right to study and freedom to go to school, which in the past they didn’t have.
(b) They are legally protected by many laws made by the government like Dowry Act, Right of inheritance of parental and husband’s property.
(c) They are provided protection against the domestic violence and sexual harassment at the work placb and in the educational institution, and
(d) Their health conditions have also improved. These improvements could be achieved because of their individual and collective struggles over a long period of time.

Women Change the World Class 7 HBSE Notes

• Stereotype: When we believe that people belonging to particular groups based on religion, wealth, language are bound to have certain fixed characteristics or can only do a certain type of work we create stereotypes.
• Discrimination: When we do not track people equally or with respect, we are indulging in discrimination. It happens when people or organizations act on their prejudices.
• Violations: When someone forcefully breaks the law or a rule or openly shows disrespect, we can say that he or she has committed a violation.
• Sexual Harassment: This refers to physical or verbal behaviour that is of sexual nature and against the wishes of a woman.

Haryana State Board HBSE 7th Class Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 10 Life in the Deserts Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 7th Class Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 10 Life in the Deserts

HBSE 7th Class Geography Life in the Deserts Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Answer the following questions briefly :
(a) What are the two types of deserts found in the world?
(b) In which continent is the Sahara desert located?
(c) What are the climatic conditions of the Ladakh desert?
(d) What mainly attracts tourists to Ladakh?
(e) What type of clothes the people of the Sahara desert wear?
(f) Name the trees that grow in Ladakh.
Answer:
(a) (i) Hot Deserts
(ii) Cold deserts.

(b) Africa

(c) The climatic conditions of the Ladakh desert are cold and dry.

(d) (i) Gompas
(ii) Meadows and glaciers
(iii) Ceremonies and festivities of local people.

(e) People of the Sahara desert wear heavy robes as protection against dust storms and hot winds.

(f) Willows, poplars, apples, apricots and walnuts.

Question 2.
Tick the correct answer:
(i) Sahara is located in which part of Africa?
(a) eastern
(b) northern
(c) western
Answer:
(b) northern

(ii) Sahara is what type of desert?
(a) cold
(b) hot
(c) mild
Answer:
(b) hot

(iii) The Ladakh desert is mainly inhabited by __________.
(a) Christians and Muslims
(b) Buddhists and Muslims
(c) Christians and Buddhists.
Answer:
(b) Buddhists and Muslims

(iv) Deserts are characterised by __________.
(a) scanty vegetation
(b) heavy precipitation
(c) low evaporation
Answer:
(a) scanty vegetation

(v) Hemis in Ladakh is a famous __________.
(a) temple
(b) church
(c) monastery.
Answer:
(c) monastery.

(vi) Egypt is famous for growing.
(a) Wheat
(b) Maize
(c) Cotton.
Answer:
(c) Cotton.

Question 3.
Match the following :

Answer:

Question 4.
Give the reasons:
(i) There is scanty vegetation in the desert.
Answer:
There is scanty vegetation in desert due to extreme harsh temperature.

(ii) People of Sahara desert wear heavy robes.
Answer:
People of Sahara desert wear heavy robes for their protection against dust storms and hot winds.

Question 5.
Map skills :
(i) On the outline map of Africa, mark the Sahara Desert.
Answer:

(ii) On the outline map of India, mark the Karakoram Range, Zanskar Range, Ladakh and Zoji La pass.
Answer:

HBSE 7th Class Geography Life in the Deserts Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
In which continent does the Sahara Desert lie?
Answer:
North Africa.

Question 2.
Define Desert?
Answer:
It is an arid region characterized by extremely high or low temperature and has scarce vegetation.

Question 3.
Name the eleven states of Africa that touch the Sahara Desert?
Answer:
Algeria, Chad, Egypt, Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Sudan, Tunisia and Western Sahara.

Question 4.
What is the area of the world’s largest desert?
(Hint : World’s largest Desert is the Sahara Desert.)
Answer:
8.54 million sQuestion km.

Question 5.
Name two nomadic tribes in the Sahara Desert.
Answer:
Bedouins Tuarega.

Question 6.
What is the etymology of Ladakh?
Answer:
La – Meaning a maintain pass
Dak – meaning country.

Question 7.
Which is one of the coldest inhabited place on earth.
Answer:
Brass.

Question 8.
Why is Ladakh known as Khapa – Chan?
Answer:
Ladakh is known as Khapa – Chan as the word – means snow land.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Illustrate the climate of the Sahara Desert.
Answer:
The climate of the Sahara Desert is searching hot1 and parch dry. It has a short rainy season. The sky is cloudless and clear. Days are unbelievable hot upto 50°C. The nights are freezing cold nearing zero degree.

Question 2.
Describe the location of Ladakh.
Answer:
Ladakh lies in the Great Himalayas, on the eastern side of Jammu and Kashmir. The Karakoram range in the north and the Zaskar mountain in the south bound it.

Question 3.
Write a short note on the people living in the Sahara Desert?
Answer:

• The people of the Sahara Desert are Bedouins a Tuaregs which are nomadic tribes rearing livestock.
• They are provided with milk, hides from which they make leather for mat, carpets, clothes and blanket.
• They wear heavy robes as protection against dust storms and hot winds.

Question 4.
What are changes undergoing in the cultural landscape of the Sahara?
Answer:
(a) Gleaming glass cased office buildings tower over mosques and super highways criss-cross the ancient camel paths.
(b) Trucks are replacing camels in the salt trade.
(c) Tuaregs are seen acting as guides to the foreign tourists. More and more nomadic herdsmen are taking to city life finding jobs in gas and oil operation.

Question 5.
Determine the location of Ladakh with the help of physical features.
Answer:
Ladakh is a cold desert lying in the Great Himalayas (mountains) on the eastern side of Jammu and Kashmir. The Karakoram range in the north and the Zanskr range in the south enclose it. Several rivers especially Indus flow through it.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Describe the climate of Ladakh region.
Answer:

• The climate of Ladakh is extremely cold and dry.
• The day temperatures in summar are just above 0°C and the night temperatures are below 30°C.
• Winters are freezing cold. The temperature remains below 40°C for most of the time.
• This region receives a little rainfall, as low as 10 centimetres annually.

Question 2.
Contrast the desert of Ladakh and Sahara.
Answer:

Life in the Deserts Class 7 HBSE Notes

• Cramps : Buddhist monasteries of Ladakh.
• Wadi : It is a stream in hot deserts.
• Rainshadow : An area with small average rainfall occurring on the leeward side of mountains.
• Oasis : An area in the desert where some groundwater comes up like spring.
• Wasteland : Applied to the land which was previously used but is now abandoned.
• Homestead : Farmhouse and their adjoining areas.
• Nomads : People who travel in search of food and fodder are called nomads.
• Sand-dunes : Hill of loose sand.
• Spring : Small opening in the ground through which underground water comes to the surfaces.
• Homo sapiens : Species of human beings that exist today.
• Desert: An arid region often empty and receiving less than 25 cm of rainfall annually.
• Extreme Climate : A climate that is too hot or too cold.

Haryana State Board HBSE 7th Class Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 9 Life in the Temperate Grasslands Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 7th Class Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 9 Life in the Temperate Grasslands

HBSE 7th Class Geography Life in the Temperate Grasslands Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Answer the following questions briefly:
(a) What are the Temperate Grasslands of North America called?
(b) What are the cattle farms in the North American Grasslands known as?
(c) Name the rivers that drain the velds.
(d) When is the rainy season in the Velds?
(e) What is the major occupation of the people of the South African grasslands?
Answer:
(a) The temperate grasslands of North America are called Prairies.
(b) The cattle farms in the North American Grasslands are called ranches.
(c) The tributaries of rivers Orange and Limpopo.
(d) The velds enjoy rainy season mainly in the summer months from November to February.
(e) The major occupation of the people of the South African grasslands is sheep rearing.

Question 2.
Tick the correct answer:
(a) River Mississippi drains
(i) Canada
(ii) Africa
(iii) USA
Answer:
(iii) USA

(b) Drakensberg Mountains bound the _________.
(i) Prairies
(ii) Velds
(iii) Pampas
Answer:
(ii) Velds

(c) Merino is a species of _________.
(i) Fish
(ii) Elephant
(iii) Sheep
Answer:
(iii) Sheep

(d) Kimberley is famous for _________.
(i) diamonds
(ii) silver
(iii) platinum
Answer:
(i) diamonds

Question 3.
Match the following:

Answer:

Question 4.
Give reasons:
(i) The Prairies are known as the ‘Granaries of the world’.
(ii) Rise of wool industry in the Velds.
Answer:
(i) The Prairies are known as the ‘Granaries of the world’ due to the huge surplus of wheat production.

(ii) Sheep rearing is the most important occupation in the Velds. Merino sheep is a popular species and their wool is very warm. Sheep is bred and reared mainly for wool. This has given rise to wool industry there.

Question 5.
On an outline map of North- America, mark the Rocky Mountains, the Great Lakes, river Mississippi, river Saskatchewan, the cities-Chicago and Winnipeg.
Answer:

Question 6.
For Fun :
Make a grass whistle
You will require a blade of grass about 5 cm in length. Be sure to choose the grass blade longer than your thumb. The thickness of the grass should be about 0.5 to 0.7 cm. Choose the grass that is broad and wide. Narrow blade is difficult to hold. Put your thumb together as your nails are facing you. Stretch the blade of grass lengthwise between the thumbs and the base of the hand.

Your hands should be cupped to create a hollow or a narrow opening between your palms. You should just be able to see the edge of the grass only through the narrow opening. Place your lips over the opening and blow gently into the palm. You may even feel the grass blade vibrating as you blow. As you gradually blow you will hear sound of whistle created by grass.

HBSE 7th Class Geography Life in the Temperate Grasslands Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are the Prairies bound by?
Answer:
The prairies are bound by the Rocky Mountains in the west and the Great Lakes in the East.

Question 2.
What type of wind blows in the prairies?
Answer:
A local wind “Chinook” blows in the prairies due to the absence of the north-south barrier.

Question 3.
What kind of trees grow in Prairies where water is available?
Answer:
Where water is available, trees such as willows, alders and poplars grow in prairies.

Question 4.
Who looks after ranches?
Answer:
Sturdy men called cowboys look after ranches.

Question 5.
What factors have made North America a surplus food producer?
Answer:
Scientific methods of cultivation and use of tractors, harvesters and combines has made North America a surplus food producer.

Question 6.
Why are the Prairies known as the “Granaries of the world?”
Answer:
The Prairies are known, as the “Granaries of the world” due to the huge surplus of wheat production.

Question 7.
What is the extent of the dairy belt in the Prairies?
Answer:
The dairy belt -in the Prairies extends from the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Coast in the east.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Describe the terrain and vegetation of the prairies.
Answer:

• The prairies is a region of flat, gently sloping or hilly land.
• Whereas, prairies are treeless, but, near the low lying plains, flanking river valleys, woodlands can be found.
• Tall, grass, upto two metres high dominates the landscape.
• The prairies is actually a sea of grass.

Question 2.
Describe the location and surroundings of the velds.
Answer:

• The velds lie in the temperate grasslands.
• The velds is bound by the Drakensburg mountains on the east.
• Kalahari desert lies to the west of the velds.
• The “high velds” are located on the north-eastern part.

Question 3.
Write four climatic features of the velds.
Answer:

• The velds have a mild climate due to the influence of the Indian Ocean.
• Winters are cold and dry. Temperature vary between 5°C and 10°C and July is the coldest month.
• Summers are short and warm. The temperature of Johannesburg is about 20°C in summers.
• The velds receive rainfall mainly in the summer months from November to February.

Question 4.
What are the three broad divisions of the veld?
Answer:
The three broad divisions of the Veld are:

• High Veld – Highest ranging from 1120 m to 1670 m.
• The Middle Veld – It is a plateau ranging from 610 m to 1120 m.
• Low Veld – below 610 m.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Describe the two main occupations sheep rearing and dairy farming practised in the velds.
Answer:
Sheep rearing :

• Sheep is bred mainly for wool.
• It has given rise to the woollen industry in the velds.
• Merino sheep is a popular species and their wool is very warm.

Dairy farming :

• Cattles are reared in the warmer and wetter regions.
• Dairy products like butter and cheese are produced for both domestic supply and also for expert.

Question 2.
Write the climatic conditions of the velds.
Answer:

• The velds have a mild climate due to the influence of the Indian Ocean.
• Winters are cold and dry.
• Temperature vary between 5°C and 10°C.
• Summers are short and warm.
• The velds receive rainfall mainly in the summer months from November and February.

Life in the Temperate Grasslands Class 7 HBSE Notes

• Grassland : A region where the grasses form the dominant type of plant life.
• Mixed Farming: Cultivation of crops and animal rearing is done on the same farm.
• Trans-continent: Across the continent from east to west.
• Temperate Region : Region which lies in the interior of the continents and received low rainfall.
• Combine Harvester : A grain machine that reaps threshes and sacks the wheat in one operation.
• Contour Ploughing: Cutting farm beds across the hill slopes, following the contours rather than ploughing up and down the slopes.
• Strip Cropping : Growing of crops in continuous strips along the contours of a hill slide.
• Prairies : Mid-latitude grasslands in North America.
• Cowboy : A man on the back of a horse who guides the one who has cattle in the Prairies
• Velds : Temperate grasslands of South Africa
• Chinook : Hot wind that blows in the winter
• Fauna : Species of animals
• Flora : Plants species of a particular region
• Ranches : Cattle’s shed in Prairies
• Red Indians : The Native Americans

Haryana State Board HBSE 7th Class Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 8 Human Environment Interactions: The Tropical and the Subtropical Regions Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 7th Class Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 8 Human Environment Interactions: The Tropical and the Subtropical Regions

HBSE 7th Class Geography Human Environment: Settlement, Transport and Communication Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Answer the following questions briefly:
(a) Name the continent in which the Amazon Basin is located.
(b) What are the crops grown by the people of the Amazon Basin?
(c) Name the birds that you are likely to find in the rain forests of the Amazon.
(d) What are the major cities located on the river Ganga?
(e) Where is the one-horned rhinoceros found?
Answer:
(а) South America.
(b) The people of the Amazon Basin grow tapioca, pineapple, and sweet potato. Cash crops such as coffee, maize, and cocoa are also grown.
(c) Toucans, hummingbirds, birds of paradise with their brilliantly coloured plumage.
(d) The major cities located on the river Ganga are Allahabad, Kanpur, Varanasi, Lucknow, Patna, and Kolkata.
(e) The one-horned rhinoceros is found in the Brahmaputra plain.

Question 2.
Tick the correct answer:
(a) Toucans are a type of:
(i) birds
(ii) animals
(iii) crops
Answer:
(i) birds

(b) Manioc is the staple food of:
(i) Ganga Basin
(ii) Africa
(iii) Amazon
Answer:
(iii) Amazon

(c) Kolkata is located on the river:
(i) Orange
(ii) Hooghly
(iii) Bhagirathi
Answer:
(ii) Hooghly

(d) Deodars and firs are a type of:
(i) Coniferous trees
(ii) Deciduous trees
(iii) Shrubs
Answer:
(i) Coniferous trees

(e) Bengal tiger is found in:
(i) Mountains
(ii) Delta area
(iii) Amazon.
Answer:
(ii) Delta area

Question 3.
Match the following:

Answer:
(i) (f)
(ii) (a)
(iii) (g)
(iv) (c)
(v) (a)

Question 4.
Give Reasons:
(i) The rainforests are depleting.
Answer:
The rainforests are depleting because:

• Big developmental activities that result in cutting of trees.
• Setting up of large scale-industries after clearance of forest patches.
• Floods can submerge them or wash away the top soil.

(ii) Paddy is grown in Ganga-Brahmaputra Plain.
Answer:
As paddy needs a sufficient amount of water and it rdins heavily in plains. Paddy is grown in the-Ganga-Brahmaputra plains.

Question 5.
Map Skills:
(i) On an outline map of Indian subcontinent, draw the rivers of Ganga and Brahmaputra from the source to the month. Also show the important tributaries of both the rivers.
Answer:

(ii) On the political map of the South Africa, draw the equator. Mark the countries located on equator.
Answer:

Countries : Ecuador, Columbia Peru and Brazil.

Question 6.
For Fun :
Make a collage to show places of attractions in India. You can divide the class in different groups to show attractions based on mountain landscapes, coastal beaches, wildlife, wildlife sanctuaries and places of historical importance.
Answer:
Students do yourself.

Question 7.
Activity:
Collect under mentioned material and observe how destruction of trees effect the soil cover.
Material:
(i) Three small flowerpots or food cans (example – cold drinks tin cans)
(ii) One big can with holes punched in the bottom (this will act as a sprinkling can),
(iii) Twelve coins or bottle caps
(iv) Soil.

Process:
Take three small cans or pots. Fill them with soil till the top. Press the soil to make it ‘ level with the top of the can. Now put four coins or bottle caps on the soil of each can. Take the big can that has been punched with ’ holes and fill it with water. You can also take the sprinkling can from your garden. Now, sprinkle water on the three cans. On the first can sprinkle water very slowly so that no soil s splashes out. Let moderate amount of water be sprinkled on the second can. On the third v. can, sprinkle the water heavily. You will observe that unprotected soil splashes out. Where the ‘rain’ is heavy the amount of soil that splashes out is the maximum and least in case of the first can. The coins or caps represent the tree covers. It is clear that if the land is cleared completely of the vegetation, the soil cover will quickly disappear.

HBSE 7th Class Geography Human Environment: Settlement, Transport and Communication Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is a river’s mouth?
Answer:
The place where a river flows into another body of water is called river’s mouth.

Question 2.
What are Bromeliads?
Answer:
Bromeliads are special plants that store water in their lives.

Question 3.
What is population density?
Answer:
It means the number of people that live in 1 sq km. of area.

Question 4.
Which forests cover the Ganga-Brahmaputra deltaic regions?
Answer:
Mangrove forests.

Question 5.
Define Terrace farming.
Answer:
Terraces are built on steep slopes to create flat surface on which crop are grown.

Question 6.
Name the animals found in Amazon forest.
Answer:
Monkey, sloth and ant-eating tapirs:

Question 7.
How are people housed in the Ganga-Brahmaputra plain?
Answer:
Some families live in thatched houses shaped like beehives. There are other large apartment like houses called “Maloca” with a steep slanting roof.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How have developmental activities adversely affected the rain¬forests?
Answer:

• Development activities have led to gradual destruction of the biologically diverse rainforests.
• A large area of rainforests have disappeared in the Amazon basin.
• The top soil washes away as the rain falls and the lush forest converts into a barren landscrape.

Question 2.
What is slash and burn agriculture?
Answer:
Slash and burn is a way of cultivating land where farmers clear a piece of land by slashing or cutting down trees and bushes. After two or three crops, the soil loses fertility. So farmers abandon that patch and clear another plot of land to cultivate.

Question 3.
Write the climatic conditions of the Amazon basin.
Answer:

• Amazon basin is characterised by hot and wet climate throughout the year.
• Both days and nights are almost equally hot and humid.
• It rains almost everyday.

Question 4.
How have the rainforests of the Amazon basin been made accessible?
Answer:

• The Trans-Amazon highway have made all parts of the rainforests accessible.
• Aircrafts and helicopters are also used to reach various places of the rainforests.

Question 5.
How has the environment played a significant role in the distribution of the population?
Answer:
The mountain areas with steep slopes have inhospitable terrain. Therefore, less number of people live in the mountain area of the Ganga-Brahmaputra Basin. The plain area provides the most suitable land for human habitation. The soil is fertile. The density of the population of the people is also very high.

Question 6.
How is River Ganga polluted?
Answer:
River Ganga is polluted because the waste water from big towns and cities and industries is discharged into river. This leads to its pollutions.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Why was tourism flourished in the Ganga-Brahmaputra basin?
Answer:
The places which are worth visiting in the Ganga-Brahmaputra basin :

• Taj Mahal on the banks of river Yamuna in Agra.
• Allahabad on the confluence of the River Ganga and Yamuna.
• Buddhist stupas in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.
• Imambara in Lucknow.
• Kaziranga and Manas wildlife sanctuaries in Assam.

Question 2.
Describe the variety of wildlife found in the Ganga- Brahmaputra basin.
Answer:

• Elephants, tigers, deer and monkeys are common.
• The one-horned rhinoceros is found in the Brahmaputra plains.
• In the delta area, Bengal tigers, crocodiles and alligators are found.
• Aquatic life abounds in the fresh river waters, the lakes and the Bay of Bengal. The popular varieties of the fishes are the – Rohu, Catla and Hilsa.

Map Time

Question I.
Mark the Amazon Basin and its neighbouring areas of it on a physical map of south America.
Solution:

Question II.
Mark the location of the Ganga-Brahmaputra Basin on the Indian River Map long with the rivers.
Solution:

Human Environment Interactions: The Tropical and the Subtropical Regions Class 7 HBSE Notes

• Tropical Region : Region which lies around the equator between 10°N and 10°S latitudes.
• Temperate Regions : Interior regions of continents receive less rainfall.
• River Basin : A single river system which drains a certain area.
• Seringuerious : Method of collecting rubber in Amazon Basin.
• Shifting Agriculture : A system of constantly moving over a new field as old ones wear out.
• Head Stream: The stream constituting the major sources of river to develop in later phase.
• Tributaries : These are the small rivers that join the main river.
• Rain Forests : A vegetation zone characterised by high rainfall (above 200 cm.) well distributed throughout the year and tropical evergreen trees.
• Indigenous : Original occupants of the region.
• Tsangpo : Name given to river Brahmaputra in Tibet.
• Sasu : Blind dolphin.
• Manioc : This is the staple food of the people of the Amazon basin.
• Maloca : Large apartment houses with steeply slanting roofs.
• Piranha : It is a type of fish that eats.

Haryana State Board HBSE 7th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 4 Growing up as Boys and Girls Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 7th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 4 Growing up as Boys and Girls

HBSE 7th Class Civics Growing up as Boys and Girls Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Are the statements given alongside true or false? Support your answer with the use of an example.
(a) All societies do not think similarly about the roles that boys and girls play.
(b) Our society does not make distinctions between boys and girls when they are growing up.
(c) Women who stay at home do not work.
(d) The work that women do is less valued than that of men.
Answer:
(a) True.
The way children grow in Madhya Pradesh and in Samoa is not the same.

(b) False.
Girls are discriminated against in their day-to-day, life against boys.

(c) False.
They do most of the household chores which involve physical strengths.

(d) True
Although it is a negative aspect it is prevalent in our society. We have a common notion that the household work women do is less paid for.

Question 2.
Housework is invisible and unpaid work. Housework is physically demanding housework is time-consuming. Write in your own words what is meant by the terms ‘invisible’, ‘physically demanding’, and ‘ time-consuming? Give one example of each based on household tasks undertaken by women in your home.
Answer:
‘Invisible’, here, means that the work done by women is devalued when it is not paid for because their physical and emotional stress is not recognized.

‘Physically demanding1 means that more labour is required to do household jobs than other work, technical or mechanical.

‘Time consuming1 means that household work requires a lot of time. Most-of her time is consumed in these activities and less time is left for herself or to relax.

Question 3.
If you have someone working k.s domestic help in your house or locality talk to her and find out a little bit more about her life. Who are her family members? Where is her home? How many hours does she work? How much is she paid? Write a small story based on these details.
Answer:
Yes, I know,Mr. Kanta Devi who is working as a domestic help in our locaiity. She does a lot of work-sweeping, cleaning, washing clothes, cooking food and looking after young children. Her family members living in jhuggi jhopari area near Yamuna river. She has two daughters and a son. She is a widow. She works at least 6 to 8 hours in a house where she is taking job. She gets very low salary approximate? 1,500 per month.

Question 4.
Make a list of toys and games that boys typically play and another of girls. List there is difference between these two lists. Can you think of some reasons why this is so? Does that have any relationship to the roles children have to play as adults?
Answer:
Toys and Games

These toys and games offered to boys and girls become a way of telling children that they will have different features when they become men
and women. This also reflects the difference in respect of physical strength and stamina alongwith influence of the society.

EXRCISE

Question 1.

The given picture relates to Samoan child in his school uniform. In what ways do the experience of Samoan children and teenagers differ from your own experiences of growing up? Is there anything in this experience that you wish was part of your growing up?
Answer:

Yes, I wish that we should be given experience of practical life alongwith the school activities.

Question 2.

Why do girls like to go to school together in groups?
Answer:
Girls like to go to school together in groups because:
(а) They have a fear of being teased or attacked if they walk alone.
(б) They feel more secure and safe if they walk in groups.

Question 3.
Were Harmeet and Shonali correct in saying that Harmeet’s mother did not work?
Answer:
Harmeet and Shonali are not correct in saying that Harmeet’s mother did not work because
(a) She is a housewife and the household work is a full-day job.
(b) Her work is taxing and time-consuming.
(c) If she does not work, everything in the house will be in chaos.

Question 4.
What do you think would happen if your mother or those involved in doing the work at home went on a strike for a day?
Answer:
If my mother or those involved in doing work at home went on a strike for a day, the whole house would turn into a chaos. The men of the house would’nt be able to manage it.

Question 5.
Why do you think that men and boys generally do not do house work? Do you think they should?
Answer:
Men and boys generally do not do house work because:
(a) In our society, it is believed that household work is the respohsibility of women of the house.
(b) They are brought up like that and are not given training of any household work from the beginning.

Yes, I think they should also do household because:
(i) In case, women go out to work, they can manage house
(ii) Household work is a joint responsibility.

Question 6.
Below is some data from a special study done by the central statistical organization of India (1998-99).

Study the table given above and answer the related questions.

(а) What are the total number of work hours spent by women in Haryana and Tamil Nadu each week?
Answer:
Total number of work hours spent by women in Haryana is 53 and in Tamil Nadu 44 in a week.

(b) How does this compare with the total number of work hours spent by men?
Answer:
The number of workhours spent by men in Haryana are 40 and in Tamil Nadu 44 in a week.
In Haryana women spend more hours on work than men.
Men spend only 5 percent of their total hours of work in household.

Question 7.
What do you think this poster is trying to say?

Answer:
This poster is trying to highlight the importance of women in household and in the lives of men. The women should also be given their place of dignity and equality in society.

Question 8.
This poster was created by ^omen’s groups in Bengal. Can you write an interesting slogan for the poster?

Answer:
Women the Divine Power.

HBSE 7th Class Civics Growing up as Boys and Girls Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Where are the Samoan Island situated?
Answer:
The Samoan Islands are situated in the Southern Pacific Ocean.

Question 2.
What are the main work of Samoan people?
Answer:
The main work of the Samoan people are fishing and planting coconuts.

Question 3.
How do societies make distinction between boys and girls in their early age?
Answer:
The boys and girls are given different toys such as car and doll to play with in their young age.

Question 4.
To whom the main responsibility for housework is given?
Answer:
The main responsibility for housework is given to women.

Question 5.
Who is Mangala?
Answer:
Mangala is a domestic helper in the house of Harmeet.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write a brief note on the life of Samon Children.
Answer:
(i) The Samoan children did not go to school.
(ii) They learnt to take care of children and do house work.
(iii) They learnt to undertake fishing.

Question 2.
For what purpose the boys did use the street?
Answer:
The boys used the street as a place to stand around idling, to play, to try out tricks with their bicycles.

Question 3.
Did Shalini not work all the day and not deserve to be treated with some respect?
Answer:
(i) Shalini worked all the day starting from five in the morning till late in the night.
(ii) She deserved to be treated with some respect.

Question 4.
What has the Government done for girls to attend school and the women to work outside the home?
Answer:
The Government has setup ‘anganwadis’ or childcare centre by passing laws to provide creche facilities.
(a) Creche is a day nursery for children when their parents are at work.
(b) Thus, the provision of creches helps women to work outside the home. It also provide opportunity to more girls to attend school.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What tasks does the housework involve in rural and urban areas?
Answer:
The housework involves the following tasks:
In rural areas women and girls carry heavy loads of firewood. They wash cloths and dishes, sweep and clean floors. They also pick up loads which require bending, lifting and carrying. They also cook food by standing for long hours in front of hot stoves both in rural and urban areas. They take care of children, old and sick people at home.

Question 2.
What did Shalini say about her experience of working in Delhi?
Answer:
(i) Shalini said that her Memsahib always shouted to get work done.
(ii) I started my work at 5 o’clock in the kitchen.
(iii) I was given a cup of tea and two dry rotis and never could get third roti in the breakfast.
(iv) I took an extra roti secretly in the evening.
(v) I could not wear chappals in the house. As a result, my feet would swell up in the winter.

Growing up as Boys and Girls Class 7 HBSE Notes

• Care-giving: Caregiving refers to a range of tasks related to looking after and nurturing. Besides physical looks, they also involve a strong emotional aspect.
• Devalued: When someone is not given due recognition for a task or a job they have done, they can feel devalued.
• Double Burden: Literally means double load. This term is commonly used to describe women’s work situations. It has emerged from a recognition that women typically labour both inside the house and outside.
• Identity: Identity is a sense of self-awareness of who one is.

Haryana State Board HBSE 7th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 3 How the State Government Works Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 7th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 3 How the State Government Works

HBSE 7th Class Civics How the State Government Works Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Use the terms ‘constituency’ and ‘represent’ to explain who an MLA is and how is the person elected?
Answer:
An MLA (Member of the Legislative Assembly) is a person affiliated with a political party.
A person is elected an MLA in the following manner:
(i) Every state is divided into different areas of constituencies.
(ii) The elections are held in each constituency.
(iii) All the adults above 18 years of age can vote.
(iv) The person who get the maximum votes is elected.
From each constituency people elect one representative who then becomes an MLA.

Question 2.
How did some MLA’s become ministers?
Answer:
(i ) After the elections, the party which obtains more than 50 percent of total seats is an Assembly is termed as the ruling party.
(ii) The members of the ruling party choose their leader who becomes the Chief Minister. The Governor gives oath to the Chief Minister.
(iii) The Chief Minister then nominates people as ministers from the ruling party or from outside.
(iv) The Governor of the states appoints them as ministers and gives oath to them.

Question 3.
Why should decisions taken by the Chief Minister and other ministers be debated in the Legislative Assembly?
Answer:
The decisions taken by the Chief Minister and other ministers should be debated in the Legislative Assembly because of the following reasons :
(i) MLA’s can express their opinion and ask questions related to the issues or give suggestions about what should be done by the government to implement policies for the peoples and . the state.
(ii) Adverse points in the decisions can be deleted.

Question 4.
What was the problem in Patal Puram? What discussion/action was taken by the following. Fill in the table.

Answer:
Patalpuram was facing the problem of shortage of water and sanitation which had caused diarrhoea in the city.
(i) Public Meeting: Meeting, people raised voice to bring sanitation in the area and control diarrhoea.
(ii) Legislative Assembly : The discussion based on bad conditions in hospital, shortage of water, proper doctors in Patalpuram.
(iii) Press Conference : The health ; minister explained the steps taken by the government to check diarrohea and supply safe drinking water.
(iv) Chief Minister : Chief Minister explained the residents of Patalpuram that the due compensation would be given to the kins of the dead.

Question 5.
What is the difference between the work that MLAs do in the Assembly and the work done by the government department?
Answer:
An MLA works for the welfare of his people and is even responsible for wrong doings. > MLA’s raise the issue in the Assembly and want solution to the problems facing the masses. Government departments make laws. The various government departments also implement these laws.

EXRCISE

Question 1.
(i) What is happening in Patalpuram?
(ii) Why is this problem serious?
(iii) What action do you think can be taken in above situations and who do you think should take the action? ‘ .
Answer:
(i) The district headquarter of Patalpuram was facing the problem of shortage of water and sanitation.
(ii) This problem was serious because a large number of people were facing the problem of acute diarrhoea.
(iii) The municipal committee should take immediate actions with the help of state governments to control the situation.

Question 2.
Write two measures that the government undertook for controlling diarrhoea.
Answer:
The government undertook the following measures for controlling garbage :
(a) Removal of garbage,
(b) Arrangement of drinking water through tanker trucks.

Question 3.
What is the purpose of a press conference? How does the press conference help you get information on what the government is doing?
Ans.
The purpose of press conference is to hear about or ask questions on a particular issue about the steps. The data collected by press conference is printed in newspapers for the common people.

Question 4.
M. times, the ruling party may not be a single party but a group of parties working together. This is called a coalition. Discuss with your teacher.
Answer:
The coalition is formed by two of more parties coming together. The parties come together and elect their leader. The governor appoints their leader as CM. The coalition party prepares a Common Minimum Programme and f execute the programme during the period for which coalition is formed.

Question 5.
What were the main arguments put forward by different MLAs who thought that the government was not taking the situation in a serious manner and what were the opposition party.
Answer:
Debate : Opposition Party MLA, 1 put forward the problem of diarrhoea in his constituency of Akhandagaon. He wanted to draw the attention of minister to solve the problem.

MLA 2 (Opposition Party): Commented upon the bad situation of hospitals. He wanted to know about the government plans to control the epidemics.

MLA 3 (Opposition Party): Belonged to the constituency of Tolpatti which faced a serious shortage of water. He wanted to confirm if the government is taking actions to clean and disinfect the wells and ponds.

MLA 4 (Ruling Party) : However, supported the government telling that water tankers have been put into service and ORS packets were distributed.

MLA 5 (Opposition Party): Commented upon the bad deteriorating situation in hospitals.

MLA 6 (Ruling Party): Told about the negligence of the previous party and actions being taken by the ruling party to clear the garbage.

Question 6.
If you were the health minister, how would you respond to the above discussion?
Answer:

• I would have taken the immediate action to solve, the problem in each area.
• I would have started special doctors and started the mobile health care vans with all the necessary equipment.

Question 7.
Do you think the above debate would have been useful in some ways? How? Discuss.
Answer:
Yes, because it has brought forward many issues concerning public wealth made the health minister aware about the serious situation and immediate need of the hour.

Question 8.
In the working of the government, explains the difference being on MLA and an MLA who is also a minister.
Answer:
An MLA highlights some issues in the assembly and can suggest some solutions. An MLA who is a minister takes the decision and implements it.

HBSE 7th Class Civics How the State Government Works Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What do you mean by MLA?
Answer:
The members of legislative assembly is called MLA.

Question 2.
Who becomes the Chief Minister of a State?
Answer:
The leader of the majority party becomes the Chief Minister of a State.

Question 3.
What does the word ‘government’ refer to?
Answer:
The word ‘government’ refers to the government departments and the various ministers who head them.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is a Legislative Assembly?
Answer:
A Legislative Assembly is a place where all the MLAs, whether from the ruling party or from the opposition meet to discuss issues/problems of urgent needs, a bill introduced for making law, etc. .

Question 2.
Who takes decisions and run the government in a State?
Answer:
(a) The Chief Minister and other Ministers take decisions on behalf of the government in the State.
(b) The Chief Minister alongwith his Council of Ministers implements the programmes of the Government and thus run the Government.

Question 3.
What is legislative and what does it do?
Answer:
(a) All the MLAs in the legislative assembly together constitute the legislature.
(b) They take part in debate, approve the policy and programmes of the government and supervise the actions taken of the gdMemment outside the assembly.

Question 4.
What is relation between law, the Legislative Assembly and the government?
Answer:
(i) Any bill introduced in the Legislative Assembly when is passed by majority of the MLAs is called law.
(ii) A law made by the State Legislative Assembly is enforced in the State by the Government of the State.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write a brief note on a debate held in the Legislative Assembly of a State?
Answer:
(a) A debate can be held in a Legislative Assembly on a specific problem of urgent food.
(b) During the debate, MLAs express their opinion and ask questions related to the issue.
(c) They also give suggestions about what should be done by the government.
(d) The concerned minister replies to the questions. He/She also tries to assure the Assembly that adequate steps are being taken.

Question 2.
Write about the democratic process adopted for the formation of Government in a State.
Answer:
(a) It is the democracy through which the people of 18 years and above elect their representatives as the members of legislative assembly (MLAs).
(b) The MLAs of the majority party elect their leader who is appointed the Chief Minister of the State by the Governor.
(c) The Ghief Minister selects some MLAs to head different departments/ministeries and they are appointed as ministers by the Governor of the State.
Thus, a Government is formed in a State by democratic process.

How the State Government Works Class 7 HBSE Notes

• Constituency: A particular area from which all the voters living there choose their representatives. For example, a panchayat ward or an area that chooses an MLA.
• Majority: Majority is a situation when more than half the number in a group supports a decision or an idea. This is also called a simple majority.
• Opposition: This refers to elect representatives who are not members of the ruling party and who play the role on questioning government decisions and actions as well as raising new issues for consideration in the Assembly.
• Press Conference: A gathering of journalists from the media who are invited to hear about and ask questions on a particular issue and are then expected to report On this to the larger public.
• Epidemic: A disease that attacks a large number of people in an area at the same time is called an epidemic.
• Ruling Party: The political party which has more than 50 percent of the total representatives in Panchayat, Corporation, Assembly, or Parliament is known as the Ruling Party.