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Haryana State Board HBSE 7th Class Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 3 Our Changing Earth Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 7th Class Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 3 Our Changing Earth

HBSE 7th Class Geography Our Changing Earth Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
Why do plates move?
Answer:
1. The lithosphere is broken into a number of plates known as Lithosphere plates.
2. These plates move around slowly a few millimeters each year.
3. It is because of the movement of molten magma inside the earth.

Question 2.
What are endogenic and exogenic forces?
Answer:
The earth movements are divided on the basis of the forces which causes them. The forces which act in the interior of the earth are called endogenic forces and the forces that work on the surface of earth are called exogenic forces.

Question 3.
What is erosion?
Answer:
Erosion is the wearing away of the landscape by different agents like water, wind and ice.

Question 4.
How are flood plains formed?
Answer:
During floods, layers of fine soil and other material called sediments are deposited on the river bank. This leads to the formation of a flat fertile flood plains.

Question 5.
What are sand dunes?
Answer:
An active agent of erosion and deposition in the desert is wind. When the wind blows, it lifts and transports sand from one place to another. When it stops blowing, the sand falls and gets deposited in hill-like structure called sand-dunes.

Question 6.
How are beaches formed?
Answer:
The sea-waves deposit sediments, beaches.

Question 7.
What are ox-bow lakes?
Answer:
An ox-bow lake is a cut-off lake formed due to cut-off of a meander loop.

Question 2.
Tick (✓) the correct answer.
(i) Which is not an erosional feature of sea waves?
(a) Cliff
(b) Beach
(c) Sea cave
Answer:
(b) Beach

(ii) The depositional feature of a glacier is :
(a) Flood plain
(b) Beach
(c) Moraine
Answer:
(c) Moraine

(iii) Which is caused by the sudden movements of the earth?
(a) Volcano
(b) Folding
(c) Flood plain
Answer:
(a) Volcano

(iv) Mushroom rocks are found in :
(a) Deserts
(b) River valleys
(c) Glaciers
Answer:
(a) Deserts

(v) Ox bow lakes are found in :
(a) Glaciers
(b) River valleys
(c) Deserts
Answer:
(b) River valleys

Question 3.
Match the following :

Answer:
(i) (c)
(ii) (b)
(iii) (a)
(iv) (f)
(v) (d)
(vi) (e)

Question 4.
Give reasons :
(i) Some rocks have shape of a mushroom.
Answer:
In deserts you can see the rocks in the shape of mushroom, commonly known as mushroom rocks because winds erode the lower sections of the rock more than the upper part. Therefore, such rocks have a narrower base and a wider top.

(ii) Flood plains are very fertile.
Answer:
At times the river overflows its banks this leads to the flooding of the neighbouring areas. As it floods, it deposits layer of fine soil and other material called sediments along its banks.

(iii) Sea caves are turned into stack.
Answer:
As the cavities of the sea caves become bigger and bigger only the roof of the caves remain thus forming arches. Erosion of sea arch breaks the roof and only walls are left. These wall like features are called stacks.

(iv) Buildings collapse due to earthquake.
Answer:
Buildings collapse because of the movement in tectonic plates under the surface of the earth which send out vibrations in all the direction causing an effect to anything built on the crust.

Question 5.
Activity:
Observe the photographs given below. These are various features made by a river. Identify them and also tell whether they are erosional or depositional or landforms formed by both.

Answer:

Question 6.
Solve the crossword puzzle with the help of clues given.

Answer:

Across:
2. Meander
4. Ice
7. Glacier
11. Cave
12. Cliff
13. Sea,
14. Desert
15. Sand-dune
16. Flood Plain.

Down:
1. Wave
3. River
5. Cliff
6. Hollows
8. Ox Bow Lake
10. Dunes
13. Beach
14. Delta.

HBSE 7th Class Geography Our Changing Earth Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are lithospheric plates?
Answer:
The lithosphere is broken into a number of plates known as the lithospheric plates.

Question 2.
What causes changes on the surface of the earth?
Answer:
The movement of the lithospheric plates causes changes on the surface of the earth.

Question 3.
What is a volcano?
Answer:
A volcano is a vent (opening) in the earth’s crust through which molten material erupts suddenly.

Question 4.
When does weathering and erosion take place?
Answer:
Weathering and erosion takes place everywhere and at all the time.

Question 5.
What are dunes?
Answer:
Wind-blowing materials deposited in deserts are known as dunes.

Question 6.
Who are mineralogists?
Answer:
The scientists who study minerals are called mineralogists.

Question 7.
Name five rivers of the world which form a delta.
Answer:
Nile, Zaire, Ganga-Brahmaputra, Amazon, Murray—Darling.

Question 8.
Name four coastal landforms.
Answer:
Sea caves, sea arches, stacks, sea cliff.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Draw a well-labelled diagram of a volcano.
Answer:

Question 2.
Complete the flow-chart given below:
Evolution of landforms

Answer:
Evolution of landforms

Question 3.
How is an earthquake measured?
Answer:
An earthquake is measured with a machine called seismography. The magnitude of the earthquake is measured on a Richter Scale. The following table explains the intensity of earthquake.

Question 4.
How do glaciers help in the formation of lakes?
Answer:
Glaciers erode the landscape by bulldozing soil and stones to expose the solid rock below. Glaciers carve out deep hollows. As the ice melts, they even get gilled up with water and become filled up with water and become beautiful lakes in the mountains.

Question 5.
Draw’ a diagram of a delta and mark its (a) main river (b) Distributary.
Answer:

Question 6.
Define river load.
Answer:
The agents of wind, running water, glaciers and sea waves are constantly engaged in eroding rocks and many land surfaces. The minerals in rocks are also dissolved in water. These rock pieces, organic materials and dissolved minerals are called river load.

Question 7.
Give an account of earthquake preparedness.
Answer:
Earthquakes cannot be accurately predicted. However, we can minimise the impact if we are-prepared before hand.
During an earthquake, we should:

• Take a shelter under a kitchen counter, table or desk against an inside corner or wall.
• Stay away from fire places, areas around chimneys, windows that shelter including mirrors and picture frames.
• Spread awareness amongst our friends and family members.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
(а) sea cave
(b) sea arch
(c) sea cliff
(d) stack.
Answer:

(a) Sea waves continuously strike at the rocks. Cracks develop. Over time they become larger and wider. Thus, hollow like caves are formed on the rocks. They are called sea caves.

(b) As the cavities of the sea cave, become bigger and bigger, only the roof of the cave remain, thus, forming sea arches.

(c) The steepy rocky coast rising almost vertically above sea water is called sea cliff.

(d) Erosion of sea arch breaks the roof and only walls are left. These wall like failures are called stacks.

Question 2.
Write about the work of a river. Explain with the help of a diagram.
Answer:
The following points explain the work of a river:
(a) The running water in the river erodes the landscape.

(b) When the river tumbles at steep angle over very hard rocks or down a deep valley side it forms a waterfall.

(c) While entering the plain the river twists and turn and forms large bends which are known as meanders.

(d) Due to continuous erosion and deposition along the sides of the meander, the ends of the meander loop come closer and closer.

(e) In the due source of time, the meander loop cuts-off from the river and forms a cut-off lake; which is also called ox-bow lake.

(f) Sometimes, the river overflows its banks causing flood in the neighbouring areas.

(g) As it floods, it deposits layers of fire, soil and other material called sediments along its banks.

(h) The fertile flood plain is formed. The raised banks are called leeves.

(i) As the river approaches the sea, the speed of the flowing water decreases and the river which begins to break up into several streams known as distributaries.

(j) As river becomes very slow and it begins to deposit its load.

(k) The collection of sediments from all the mouths formed a delta, which is a triangular landmass.

Our Changing Earth Class 7 HBSE Notes

• Weathering : Weathering is the breaking up of the rocks on the earth’s surface.
• Erosion : Erosion is the wearing away of the landscape by different agents like water, wind etc.
• Meanders : Large bends formed by twisting and turning of the river while entering the plain are called meanders.
• Ox-bow Lake : An ox-bow lake is a cut-off lake formed due to the cut-off of a meander loop.
• Leeves : The raised banks are called leaves.
• Glacial Moraines : The materials carried by the glacier such as rocks big and small, sand and silt get deposited, these deposits from glacial moraines.
• Waterfall : When the river tumbles at a steep angle over very hard rocks or down a steep valley side forms a waterfall.

Haryana State Board HBSE 7th Class Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 2 Inside Our Earth Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 7th Class Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 2 Inside Our Earth

HBSE 7th Class Geography Inside Our Earth Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
What are the three layers of the earth?
Answer:

(1) Crust:

• The upper most layer of the earth’s surface is called crust.
• It is the thinnest of all layers.
• It is about 35 km. on the continental masses and 5 km. on the ocean floors.
• The main mineral constituents of the continental masses are silica, aluminium and sial.

(2) Mantle:

• Just beneath the crust is the mantle which extends upto 2900 km. below the crust.
• The oceanic crust and mantle consists of silica and magnesium. Thus, Sima.

(3) Core:

• The innermost layer is the core of radius 3500 km.
• It is made up of nickel and ferrous, i.e., nife.

Question 2.
What is a rock?
Answer:
Any natural mass of mineral material that makes up the earth’s crust is called a rock. The earth’s crust is made up of various types of rocks. Rocks can be of different sizes, textures, shape, colour etc.

Question 3.
Name three types of rocks.
Answer:
Three types of rocks are as follows:

• Igneous Rocks
• Sedimentary Rocks
• Metamorphic Rocks.

Question 4.
How are extrusive and intrusive rocks formed?
Answer:
→ Extrusive Rocks : When the molten lava comes on the earth’s surface, it rapidly cools down and becomes solid. Rocks formed in such a way on the crust are called extrusive igneous rocks. Example : basalt.

→ Intrusive Igneous Rocks : Sometimes the molten magma cools down deep inside the earth’s crust. Solid rocks so formed are called intrusive igneous rocks. Example: granite.

Question 5.
What do you mean by a rock cycle?
Answer:
One type of rock changes into another type under certain conditions in a cyclic manner. This process of transformation of the rock from form one to another is known as rock cycle.
Example:
(a) When the molten magma cools, it solidifies to become igneous rock. These igneous rocks are broken down into small particles that are transported and deposited to form sedimentary rocks.

(b) When the igneous and sedimentary rocks are subject to heat and pressure, they change to metamorphic rocks.

Question 6.
What are the uses of rocks?
Answer:
Rocks are very useful to us :

• The hard rocks are used for making roads, houses and buildings.
• We use stones for playing games such as pitthoo (seven stones).
• Hop scotch (stapu / kit-kat) and five stones (gitti).
• Rocks are made up,of different minerals which are important to mankind, e.g., coal, natural gas and petroleum.
• Rocks are also used in industries – aluminium, gold, uranium, etc., in medicines, fertilisers etc.

Question 7.
What are metamorphic rocks?
Answer:
The igneous and metamorphic rocks are subjected to heat and pressure they change into metamorphic rocks, e.g., clay changes into slate and limestone changes into marble.

Question 2.
Tick the correct answer:
(i) The rock which is made up of molten magma is:
(a) Igneous
(b) Sedimentary
(c) Metamorphic
Answer:
(a) Igneous.

(ii) The innermost layer of the earth is:
(a) Crust
(b) Core
(c) Mantle
Answer:
(b) Core.

(iii) Gold, petroleum and coal are the examples of:
(a) Rocks
(b) Minerals
(c) Fossils
Answer:
(b) Minerals.

(iv) Rocks which contain fossils are :
(a) Sedimentary Rocks
(b) Metamorphic Rocks
(c) Igneous Rocks
Answer:
(a) Sedimentary Rocks.

(v) The thinnest layer of the earth
(a) Crust
(b) Mantle
(c) Core
Answer:
(a) Crust.

Question 3.
Match the following :

Answer:
(i) (e)
(ii) (d)
(iii) (b)
(iv) (f)
(v) (c)

Question 4.
Give reasons :
(i) We cannot go to the centre of the earth.
(ii) Sedimentary rocks are formed from sediments.
(iii) Limestone is changed into marble.
Answer:
(i) We cannot go to the centre of the earth because the central core has very high temperature and pressure.

(ii) Sedimentary rocks are formed from sediments. Rocks roll down, crack and hit each other and are broken down into small fragments. These smaller parts are called sediments. These sediments are transported and deposits by wind, water, etc. These loose sediments then are compressed and hardened to form layers of rocks. These types of rocks are sedimentary rocks.

(iii) Limestone is changed into marble : Limetsone is a sedimentary rocks which due to excessive heat and pressure changes into marble after thousands of years and forms a metamorphic rock.

Question 5.
For fun :
(i) What are the minerals most commonly used in the following objects?
(ii) Identify some more objects made up of different minerals.

Answer:
These are made up of:

• Iron, stainless steel
• Brass and iron
• Gold and pearl
• Copper/Aluminium.

HBSE 7th Class Geography Inside Our Earth Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Why is the earth called a dynamic planet?
Answer:
The earth is called a dynamic planet because it is constantly undergoing changes inside and outside.

Question 2.
What is lava?
Answer:
Lava is fiery red molten magma coming out from the interior of the earth on its surface.

Question 3.
Name the constituents of the oceanic crust.
Answer:
Silica and Magnesium.

Question 4.
What is ‘nife’?
Answer:
‘Nife’ is the name given to the core of the earth which mainly constitutes nickel and iron.

Question 5.
What happens when igneous and sedimentary rocks go under heat and pressure?
Answer:
They changes into metamorphic rocks.

Question 6.
What is the thinkess of the outer layer of the earth?
Answer:
The thickness of the outer layer of the earth is 60 km.

Question 7.
What is volcano?
Answer:
When magma from deep below forces its way up to earth’s surface, it is called volcano.

Question 8.
Which rocks are called primary or parent rocks?
Answer:
Igneous rocks are called primary or parent rocks.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Distinguish between igneous and metamorphic rocks.
Answer:

Question 2.
Why are igneous rocks called primary or basic rocks?
Answer:
Our earth contains a hot molten material having high temperature and pressure deep below its lithosphere. On cooling and solidification of the matter igneous rocks are formed. They make up about two-thirds of the earth’s crust. Therefore, they are called basic or primary rocks.

Question 3.
Formation of rocks is a slow process. Why?
Answer:
Formation of rocks , is a slow process because:

• Climate breaks the parent rocks into many smaller pieces.
• Topography or elevation helps in weathering of the rocks.
• Plants and animals organism help in weathering of rocks.

For all these processes, time factor plays a major role.

Question 4.
What do the words igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic mean.
Answer:

• The word Igneous drives from Latin word Ignis meaning Fire.
• The word sedimentary is derived from a Latin sediments meaning settle down.
• The word metamorphic derives from a Greek word metamorphise meaning change of form.

Question 5.
Give two examples of each of the following :
(а) Igneous rocks
(b) Sedimentary rocks
(c) Metamorphic rocks.
Answer:
(a) Land and zinc
(b) Coal and limestone
(c) Graphite and marble:

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How are different kinds of rocks formed?
Answer:
(i) Igneous rocks : When the molten magma cools, it becomes solid. Rocks formed in this way are called igneous rocks. They are also called primary rocks. They are of two types- intrusive rocks and extrusive rocks.
(a) Extrusive rocks : When molten lava comes on the earth’s surface, it rapidly cools down and becomes solid. Rocks formed in this way on the crust are called extrusive igneous rocks. For example, basalt.

(b) Intrusive rocks : Sometimes the molten magma cools down deep inside the earth’s crust. Solid rocks so formed are called intrusive igneous rocks. Since they cool down slowly they form large grains. For example, granite.

(ii) Sedimentary rocks : Small fragments of rocks are called sediments. These sediments are transported and deposited by wind, water, etc. These loose sediments are compressed and hardened to form sedimentary rocks. For example, sandstone is made from grains of sand.

(iii) Metamorphic rocks : When igneous and sedimentary rocks are subjected to great heat and pressure they changes into metamorphic rocks. For example,k clay changes into slate and limestone into marble.

Question 2.
Distinguish between rocks and minerals.
Answer:

Question 3.
Distinguish between crust and core.
Answer:

Question 4.
Distinguish between mantle and core.
Answer:

Inside Our Earth Class 7 HBSE Notes

• Core : The innermost layer of the earth.
• Crust: The topmost layer of the earth.
• Mantle : The layer of the earth that lies beneath the crust.
• Fossils : The remains of the dead plants and animals trapped in the layers of rocks are called fossils.
• Tectonic Activities : It is activities that affect the large-scale processes of the earth.
• Igneous rocks : Rocks which are formed by the solidification of magma are called igneous rocks.
• Sedimentary Rocks : The rocks which are formed by sediments laid down usually on the seafloor or lakes are known as sedimentary rocks.
• Metamorphic Rocks : The rocks which are formed due to changes in igneous and metamorphic rocks under great heat and pressure.
• Graphite : A soft substance used for manufacturing pencils and crucibles.
• Rock Cycle : Movement of rocks in cyclic order whereby they are recycled and again formed

Haryana State Board HBSE 7th Class Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 1 Environment Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 7th Class Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 1 Environment

HBSE 7th Class Geography Environment Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Answer the following questions:
(i) What is an ecosystem?
Answer:
An ecosystem is a system that is formed by the interaction of all living organisms with each other and with the physical and chemical factors of the environment in which they live. These are all linked by the transfer of energy and material.

(ii) What do you mean by natural environment?
Answer:
Land, water, air, plants, and animals comprise the natural environment.

(iii) What are the major components of the environment?
Answer:
The major components of the environment are:

• Natural Environment
• Human Environment
• Human-made Environment.

Natural Environment: Natural environment refers to both the biotic and abiotic conditions which us existing on the earth.
Biotic refers to the living elements, e.g., plants and animals.
Abiotic refers to the non-living elements, e.g., rocks, air, and water.
Human Environment : It reveals the activities, creations and interactions among human beings e.g., buildings, parks etc.

Human-made Environment: Human-made environment refers to the buildings, parks, bridges, rocks, industries which are made by humans.

(iv) Give four examples of human- made environment.
Answer:
Four examples of human-made environments are : Buildings, Parks, Bridges, Rocks.

(v) What is lithosphere?
Answer:
Lithosphere is the solid crust or hard top layer of the earth. It is made up of rocks and minerals and covered with a thin layer of soil.

(vi) What are the two major components of biotic environment?
Answer:
Plants and animals are the two major components of biotic enviornment.

(vii) What is biosphere?
Answer:
Plants and animals kingdom together make the biosphere. It is a narrow zone of the earth where the land, water and air interact with each other to support life.

Question 2.
Tick the correct answers:
(i) Which is not d natural ecosystem?
(a) Desert
(b) Aquarium
(c) Forest
Answer:
(b) Aquarium

(ii) Which is not a component of human environment?
(a) Land
(b) Religion
(c) Community
Answer:
(a) Land

(iii) What is a human made environment?
(a) Mountain
(b) Sea
(c) Road
Answer:
(c) Road

(iv) Which is threat to environment?
(a) Growing plant
(b) Growing population
(c) Growing crops.
Answer:
(b) Growing population

Question 3.
Match the following :

Answer:
(i) (d)
(ii) (a)
(iii) (b)
(iv) (c)

Question 4.
Give Reasons:
(i) Man modifies his environment.
Answer:
Man modifies his environment to meet various needs. For example, he clears forests for obtaining land, for agriculture and for making shelter. He even extracts minerals from the earth for making various things. He construct dams for producing electricity. These are some of the ways in which man modifies his environment.

(ii) Plants and animals depend on each other.
Answer:
Animals whether they are carnivores or herbivores, ultimately depend on plants for their food. Also, plants provide fresh oxygen to animals to breathe in. These keep the environment clean and provide shelter to a number of animals. On the other hand, animals provide carbon dioxide which plants use for making their food. Dead and decaying matter of animals provide nutrients to plants to help them grow.

Intext Questions

Question 1.
Look at your surroundings. Make a list of uses that the land in your neighbourhood is being put to.
Answer:

• Roads
• Industries
• Diary Farming
• Bakery
• Schools
• Banks
• Residential Buildings

Question 2.
Where does the water you use in your homes and school come from? Make a list of different uses of water in our daily life. Have you seen anyone wasting water? How?
Answer:
The water that are provided in our houses and schools. It is for comes from Delhi Jal Board.

• Drinking
• Food preparation
• Bathing
• Cleaning house
• Washing clothes
• Industrial use
• Sanitation.

Yes, most of the people waste water. For example, they leave the tap open while soaping hands or brushing their teeth. They even leave tap opened when they are busy Somewhere.

ACTIVITY:
Imagine an ideal environment where you would love to live. Draw the picture of your ideal environment.
Answer:
An ideal environment where I would love to live, would comprise of

• Green plants and trees
• Pollution-free environment
• Clean roads
• Water availability

Students are expected to draw on their own.

HBSE 7th Class Geography Environment Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is an environment?
Answer:
All things (place, people, nature, etc.) that surround us together constitute our environment.

Question 2.
Why is our environment changing?
Answer:
Our environment is changing due to the global warming. This was caused due to pollution caused by the waste dumps, vehicles etc.

Question 3.
What are the two types of environment?
Answer:
The two types of enviomment are:

• Natural environment
• Human made environment.

Question 4.
What is meant by natural enviornment?
Answer:
All those things which are existing naturally around us are together called natural environment.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Which two types of conditions make our natural environment? Give examples.
Answer:
The two types of conditions that constitute our natural environment are :

• Biotic conditions : All living organisms i.e. plants and animals.
• Abiotic conditions : All naturally existing non-living things e.g. water, air, soil, minerals, etc.

Question 2.
What do you mean by human environment?
Answer:
Human environment refers to all those activities, creatibns and interactions among human beings.

Question 3.
What are the components of environment?
Answer:
Following are the components of environment:

• Natural environment,
• Human-made environment,
• Activities and interactions of human beings.

Question 4.
Give examples of natural components of environment.
Answer:
Land (lithosphere), air (atmosphere), water (hydrosphere) and living things (biosphere) are examples of the natural components of environment.

Question 5.
Give examples of man-made components of environment.
Answer:
Buildings, parks, bridges, roads, industries, monuments, etc. are examples of man-made components of environment.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Why should we protect our environment?
Answer:
We should protect our environment because:

• Environment is our basic life support system. It provides the air we breath, water to drink, the food to eat and the land to live.
• It provides us natural resources like wood, fuel and minerals.
• Many parts of environment have already been badly damaged by overuse resources like forests, pastures and farms.
• Most of the human activities affect the environment in one way or the other.
• If we continue to do so the damage will be irrepairable and the consequences will be very serious.

Question 2.
What are the different domains of the environment?
Answer:
The different domains of environment are:

• Lithosphere
• Atmosphere
• Hydrosphere
• Biosphere

(а) Lithosphere : The lithosphere is composed of rocks. The major components of rocks are minerals. Lithosphere even provides the foundation of terrestrial life where water and air are held close to the surface.

(b) Atmosphere : The earth has an oxygen consists of rich blanket of air around it. The atmosphere is a mixture of various gases such as oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, argon, neon etc. Atmosphere also continues to sustain life different forms.

(c) Hydrosphere : Oceans were the first cradle of life on earth. It refers to various water bodies such as rivers, lakes, seas, oceans etc. that exist on the earth.

(d) Biosphere : Biosphere or the living world is composed of plant and animal kingdom. It is a narrow zone of the earth where land, water and air interact with each other to support life.

Environment Class 7 HBSE Notes

• Environment: Environment is our basic life support system. The place, people, thing and nature that surround any living organism is called environment.
• Biotic : It refers to the world of living organisms, such as plants and animals.
• Abiotic : It refers to the world of non-living elements such as land.
• Lithosphere : Lithosphere is the solid crust or the hard top layers of the earth.
• Hydrosphere : It refers to the water bodies like rivers, lakes, seas, oceans etc. on the earth.
• Atmosphere : It is the thin layer of air that surrounds the earth.
• Ecosystem : It is a system formed by the interaction of all living organisms with each other and with the physical and chemical factors of the environment in which they live. These are all linked by transfer of energy and material.
• Barter System : A trade in which goods are exchanged without the use of money.

Haryana State Board HBSE 6th Class Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 8 India: Climate Vegetation and Wildlife Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

HBSE 6th Class Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 8 India: Climate Vegetation and Wildlife

HBSE 6th Class Geography India: Climate Vegetation and Wildlife Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Answer the following questions briefly:
(а) Which winds bring rainfall in India? Why is it so important?
Answer:
South-west Monsoon winds bring rainfall to India. It is so important because agriculture mainly depends upon this rainfall.

(b) Name the different seasons in India.
Answer:
Different seasons:

• Cold weather (winter) season.
• Hot weather (summer) season.
• South west monsoon (rainy) season.
• Season of retreating monsoon.

(c) What is natural vegetation?
Answer:
Grasses, shrubs and trees which grow on their own without any interference or help from mankind constitute natural vegetation.

(d) What are different types of natural vegetation found in India?
Answer:
Different types of natural vegetation found in India are:

• Tropical Rain Forests
• Tropical Deciduous Forests
• Thorny Bushes
• Mountain Vegetation

(e) Differentiate between Evergreen Forests and Deciduous Forests.
Answer:

(i) Tropical rainforest is also called evergreen forest because many species of trees are shed their leaves at different times of the year. Therefore, they always appear green and are called evergreen forest.

Question 2.
Tick the correct answer :
(а) The world’s highest rainfall occurs in :
(i) Mumbai
(ii) Asansol
(iii) Mawsynram
Answer:
(iii) Mawsynram

(b) Mangrove forests can thrive in :
(i) Saline water
(ii) Fresh water
(iii) Polluted water
Answer:
(i) Saline water

(c) Mahogany and rosewood trees are found in:
(i) Mangrove forests
(ii) Tropical deciduous forests
(iii) Tropical evergreei, forests
Answer:
(iii) Tropical evergreei, forests

(d) Wild goat and snow leopards are found in :
(i) Himalayan region
(ii) Peninsular region
(iii) Gir forests
Answer:
(i) Himalayan region

(e) During the south west monsoon period the moisture laden winds blow from:
(i) Land to sea
(ii) Sea to land
(iii) Plateau to plains
Answer:
(ii) Sea to land

Question 3.
Fill in the blanks :

1. Hot and dry winds known as ________ blow during the day in the summers.
2. The state of Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu receive a great amount of rainfall during the season of ________.
3. ________ forests in Gujarat is the house of ________
4. ________ is a well known species of mangrove forests.
5. ________ are also called monsoon forests.

Answer:

1. LOO or heat wave
2. winter
3. Gir, Hons
4. Sundari
5. Tropical Deciduous forests.

FOR FUN

• Make a list of trees in your surrounding and collect the pictures of plants, animals, birds and paste them in your copy.
• Plant a sapling near your home, nurture it and write down the changes you observe for a few months.
• Does any migratory bird come in your locality? Try to identify that, be watchful in winter season.
• Visit a zoo in your city or visit a nearby forest or sanctuary with your elders. Watch various types of wildlife there.

HBSE 6th Class Geography India: Climate Vegetation and Wildlife Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is the duration of cold weather season?
Answer:
The duration of winter season is from December to February.

Question 2.
Why are the temperatures quite low in northern India in winter?
Answer:
The temperatures are quite low in northern India in winter because the sun rays do not fall directly in the region.

Question 3.
What is loo?
Answer:
Hot and dry winds are called loo.

Question 4.
Why is most of the rain in India is brought by monsoon winds?
Answer:
Most of the rain in India is brought by monsoon winds because India is located in the tropical region.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What type of forests are found in the Himalayas?
Answer:
Different types of forests are found in the Himalayas according to the altitude. The foot hills of the Himalayas are covered with sal. This is followed by evergreen forests, oaks, chestnuts and pine trees.

Question 2.
Write the characteristics of deciduous forests.
Answer:
The deciduous forests are also called broad-leaved forests. These forests shed their leaves in a particular time of a year. These trees are not tall. These forests are found in the areas of 100-200 cm rainfall.

Question 3.
Name four belts of vegetation found in India.
Answer:
The four major belts of vegetation are:

• Tropical rain forests
• Tropical deciduous forests
• Desert type of vegetation or thorn forests
• Mountainous vegetation or Himalayan forests.

Question 4.
Where do dry thorn forests occur?
Answer:
The dry thorn forests occur where very scanty rainfall, i.e, less than 50 cms is found. These areas are the arid regions of Rajasthan, Gujarat, Punjab and Haryana.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Describe the main features of wildlife of India.
Answer:
The main features of wildlife of India are :
(a) There are thousands of species of animals and a large variety of reptiles, amphibians, mammals, birds, insects and worms which live in the forest.

(b) The tiger is our national animal.

(c) Different animals are found in different areas as per list below:

• Gir forest in Gujarat – Asiatic Lions
• Assam – Elephants and one homed rhinocerous.
• Great Indian Desert – Camels
• Rann of Kuchchh – Wild Assets.
• Himalayan Region – Wild goats, snow leopards, bears.

(d) The peacock is our national bird.

(e) Other common birds are parrots, pigeons, mynah, geese, bulbul, ducks.

Question 2.
How are forests important for us?
Answer:
Forests are important for us because :

• Plants release oxygen that we breathe and absorb carbon dioxide.
• The roots of the plants bind the soil, thus, they control soil erosion.
• Forests provide us with timber for furniture, fuel, wood, fodder, medicinal plants and herbs, lac, honey, gum, etc.
• Forests are the natural habitat of wildlife.

India: Climate Vegetation and Wildlife Class 6 HBSE Notes

• Weather : Weather is about day to day changes in the atmosphere. It includes changes in temperature, rainfall and sunshine etc.
• Loo : It is a hot and dry wind that blows during, the day in Summer.
• Climate : Climate is the average weather condition which have been measured over many years.
• Monsoon : The word monsoon has been taken from the Arabic word ‘mausim’ which means seasons.
• Wildlife : All the wild animals and birds found in the forests, national parks and sanctuaries.
• Van Mahotsav : It is a special programme organized from time to time to promote people for planting more and more trees.
• Natural vegetation : The grasses, shrubs and trees that grow on their own without human interference or help are known as natural vegetation.
• Migratory birds : Birds that migrate to our country in the winter season every year. They arrive in December and stay till early March.

Haryana State Board HBSE 6th Class Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 7 Our Country India Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 6th Class Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 7 Our Country India

HBSE 6th Class Geography Our Country India Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Answer the following questions briefly:
(а) Name major physical divisions of India.
Answer:
The major physical divisions of India are :

• The Himalayas
• The Northern Indian Plains
• The Great Indian Desert
• The Peninsular Plateau
• The Coastal Plains
• The two group of islands.

(b) India shares its land, boundaries with seven countries. Name them.
Answer:

• Pakistan
• Nepal
• Bhutan
• Bangladesh
• China
• Myanmar
• Sri Lanka.

(c) Which two major rivers fall into the Arabian Sea?
Answer:

• Narmada river
• Tapi river.

(d) Name the delta formed by the Ganga and the Brahmaputra.
Answer:
Sunderban delta is formed by the Ganga and the Brahmaputra.

(e) How many States and Union Territories are there in India? Which states have a common capital?
Answer:
There are 29 states and 7 union territories in India. Haryana and Punjab have a common capital. Telangana is the new state included in India.

(f) Why do large number of people live in the Northern Plains.
Answer:
Large number of people live in the Northern plains of India due to the following reasons:

• These plains are generally levelled and flat.
• These are formed by alluvial deposits brought by the rivers.
• They provide fertile land for cultivation.

(g) Why is Lakshadweep known as coral islands?
Answer:
Lakshadweep islands are located in Arabian Sea. These islands are formed when the living polyps die and their skeletons are left. Other polyps grow on top the hard skeletons which grow higher and higher thus coral islands are formed.

Question 2.
Tick the correct answers:
(a) The southernmost Himalayas are known as:
(i) Shiwaliks
(ii) Himadri
(iii) Himachal
Answer:
(i) Shiwaliks

(b) Sahyadris is also known as:
(i) Aravali
(ii) Western Ghats
(iii) Himadri
Answer:
(ii) Western Ghats

(c) The Palk Straight lies between the countries:
(i) Sri Lanka and Maldives
(ii) India and Sri Lanka
(iii) India and Maldives
Answer:
(ii) India and Sri Lanka

(d) The Indian islands in the Arabian sea are known as:
(i) Andaman and Nicobar Islands
(ii) Lakshadweep Islands
(iii) Maldives.
Answer:
(ii) Lakshadweep Islands

(e) The oldest mountain range in India is the:
(i) Aravali hills
(ii) Western Ghats
(iii) Himalayas
Answer:
(i) Aravali hills

Question 3.
Fill in the blanks:

1. India has an area of about __________.
2. The Greater Himalayas are also known as __________.
3. The largest state in India in terms of area is __________.
4. The river Narmada falls into the __________ sea.
5. The latitude that runs almost halfway through India is __________.

Answer:

1. 3.28 million sq. km
2. Himadri
3. Rajasthan
4. Arabian
5. The Tropic of Cancer

MAP SKILLS

On the outline map of India, mark the following:
(a) Tropic of Cancer
(b) Standard Meridian of India
(c) State in which you live
(d) Andaman Islands and Lakshadweep Islands
(e) Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats.
Answer:

HBSE 6th Class Geography Our Country India Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is the north-south extent of India?
Answer:
The north-south extent of India from Kashmir to Kanyakumari is about 3200 km.

Question 2.
What is the east-west extent of India?
Answer:
The east-west extent of India from Arunachal Pradesh to Kuchchh is about 2900 km.

Question 3.
What is extent of mainland of India?
Answer:
The mainland of India extends between 8°4′ and 37° 6′ N latitudes.

Question 4.
Why are there wide differences in local times of places located at two extreme points of India?
Answer:
There are wide differences in local time of places located at two extreme points of India because of great longitudinal deference.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Describe the locational settings of India.
Answer:

• India is located in the Northern hemisphere in respect of latitudes and the Eastern hemisphere in respect of longitudes.
• The Tropic of Cancer (23°30’N) passes almost halfway through the country.
• From south to north mainland of India extends between 8°4’N and 37°6’N latitudes.

Question 2.
Describe the political and administrative divisions of India.
Answer:

• For administrative purposes, the vast country of India is divided into 29 states and 7 Union Territories.
• The formation of states have been made on the basis of languages.
• New Delhi is the capital of India.
• The states have further been divided into districts.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How does the east-west extent of India affect time?
Answer:
The west to east extent leads to difference in local time from meridian to meridian. The local time changes by four minutes for every degree of longitude. The sun rises two hours earlier in the east, ie, Arunachal Pradesh than in the west, i.e., Gujarat. The local time of longitude of 82°30’E has been taken as the Indian Standard Time. This longitude is also known as the Standard Meridian of India. Its time is taken as the standard throughout the country.

Question 2.
What are the major physical divisions of India?
Answer:
The main physical divisions of India are:
Mountains:
(A) The Himalayas : The snow capped Himalayas lie are standing as sentiments is the north.
The three main ranges of Himalayas are :

• Great Himalayas (Himadri).
• Middle Himalayas (Himachal).
• Southernmost Range (Shiwalik).

(B) The Northern Indian Plains : They are formed by the alluvial deposits laid down by the rivers – the Indus, the Ganga, the Brahmaputra and their distributaries. These plains provide fertile land for cultivation.

(C) The Great Indian Desert : The Great Indian Desert lie in the western part of India. It is dry, hot and sandy stretch of land. It has very little vegetation.

(D) The Peninsular Plateau: The Peninsular plateau lies to the south of northern plains. It is triangular in shape. This is a region with numerous hill ranges and valleys.

Our Country India Class 6 HBSE Notes

• Alluvial deposits : These are very fine soils brought by rivers and deposited in the river basins.
• Tributary: A river or stream which contributes its water to the main river by discharging it into the main river.
• Peninsula : A peninsula is a piece of land that is surrounded by water on three sides.
• Island : A piece of land that is surrounded by water on all sides.
• Delta : An area of land formed at the mouth of the river. It is usually triangular in shape.
• Corals : Skeletons of tiny marine animals called polyps.
• Strait: A narrow passage of water connecting two large water bodies like seas and oceans.

Haryana State Board HBSE 6th Class Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 6 Major Landforms of the Earth Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 6th Class Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 6 Major Landforms of the Earth

HBSE 6th Class Geography Major Landforms of the Earth Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Answer the following questions briefly:
(а) What are the major land reforms?
Answer:
The major land reforms are the mountains, plateaus, and plains.

(b) What is the difference between a mountain and a plateau?
Answer:

(c) What are the different types of mountains?
Answer:
The different types of mountains are :

• Fold mountains
• Block mountains
• Volcanic mountains.

(d) How are mountains useful to man?
Answer:
Mountains are very useful to man as under:

• The mountains are storehouse of water.
• Many rivers have source in the glaciers.
• Reservoirs are made and the water is harnessed for the use of people.
• Water from mountains is also used for irrigation and generation of hydro electricity.
• Mountains have a rich variety of flora and fauna.
• Forests are found on mountains also.
• Mountains provide an idyllic site for tourists.
• Several sports are popular in mountains.

(e) How are plains formed?
Answer:
Plains are formed by the rivers and their tributaries. The rivers eroded the slopes of mountains and carry forward the eroded material. Then they deposit their load consisting of stones and sand along their coarses and in valleys. In this way the plains are formed.

(f) Why are river plains thickly populated?
Answer:
The thickly populated due to the following factors:

• The plains are very fertile.
• Construction of transport network is easy.
• They are suitable for human habitation.
• More flat land is available for the building, houses, and cultivation.

(g) Why are the mountain thinly populated?
Answer:
The mountains are thinly populated because life is very difficult in mountain areas because of harsh climate. It is quite difficult to grow crops, build houses or roads in a mountain. Hence, people do not prefer to live here.

Question 2.
Tick the correct answers:
(a) The mountain differ from the hills in terms of:
(i) elevation
(ii) slope
(iii) aspect
Answer:
(i) elevation

(b) Glaciers are found in:
(i) the mountains
(ii) the plains
(iii) the plateaus
Answer:
(i) the mountains

(c) The Deccan Plateau is located in:
(i) Kenya
(ii) Australia
(iii) India
Answer:
(iii) India

(d) The river Yangtze flows in:
(i) South America
(ii) Australia
(iii) China
Answer:
(iii) China

(e) An important mountain range of Europe is :
(i) the Andes
(ii) the Alps
(iii) the Rockies
Answer:
(iii) the Rockies

Question 3.
Fill in the blanks:

1. A ________ is an unbroken flat or a low level land.
2. The Himalayas and the Alps are examples of ________ types of mountains.
3. ________ areas are rich in mineral deposits.
4. The ________ is a line of mountains.
5. The ________ areas are most productive for farming.

Answer:

1. plain
2. young fold
3. Plateau
4. range
5. plain.

THINGS TO DO

Question 1.
What kind of landforms are found in your state? Based on the reading of this chapter, say how they are of use to the people.
Answer:
In my state, plains are found. They are of use to people as:

• They are generally fertile. People can easily engage themselves in farming activities and get high produce.
• Construction of transport network is easy.
• Construction of houses is also carried on large scale.

MAP SKILLS

On the outline map of the world, mark the following :
(a) Mountain ranges : Himalayan, Rockies and Alps. (b) Plateau : Tibet

Map of the world.

HBSE 6th Class Geography Major Landforms of the Earth Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What does the internal process in the earth lead to?
Answer:
The internal process in the earth leads to upliftment and sinking of the earth’s surface at several places.

Question 2.
What do you understand by the external process in the earth?
Answer:
The external process in the earth refers to the continuous wearing down and rebuilding of the land surface.

Question 3.
How does the erosion and deposition affect the surface of the earth?
Answer:
The surface of the earth is being lowered by the process of erosion and rebuilt by the process of deposition.

Question 4.
Why can’t we see all the mountains?
Answer:
We can’t see all the mountains because some of the mountains are under the sea.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write any four features of mountains.
Answer:

• The mountains may have a small summit and a broad base.
• Some mountains are even higher than clouds.
• Many mountain systems consist of a series of parallel ranges extending over hundreds of kilometres.
• Mountains vary in their heights and shape.

Question 2.
How are block mountains created?
Answer:
Block mountains are created when large areas are broken and displaced, vertically. The uplifted blocks are termed as horsts and the lowered blocks are called graben example – The Rhine Valley and the Vosges mountain.

Question 3.
How are plateaus useful to man?
Answer:
Plateaus are very useful for man because they have rich mineral deposits. Many of the mining areas in the world are located in the plateau regions. For example, the African, plateau is famous for gold and diamond mining. The Chhotanagpur plateau in India has huge reserves of iron, coal and manganese. In the plateau regions, one can find several waterfalls. Many plateaus have scenic spots which attract tourist on large scale.

Question 4.
What are mountain ranges? Give the name of mountain ranges in Asia, Europe, South America, North America.
Answer:
Mountains arranged in a line are called mountain range. The names of mountain ranges are:

• Asia – The Himalayas.
• Europe – The Alps.
• South America – The Andes.
• North America – The Rockies.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is the relationship between landforms and the lives of the people?
Answer:
Landforms determine the lives of people in India.
For example:
(i) Plains are fertile. So people in the plains are engaged in agriculture.
→ It is difficult to live in mountains.
→ In mountains, disasters can occur more frequently and can cause huge damage to life and property.
People, sometimes, use landforms for their own benefit. They misuse them and throw garbage on land and in water making them polluted. It is our special duty to save landforms for future generations.

Major Landforms of the Earth Class 6 HBSE Notes

• Hill s It is a land surface higher than the local area.
• Mountain : A steep hill with an elevation of more than 600 metres is called mountain.
• Glacier : Permanently frozen river of ice is called glacier.
• Horst: The uplifted blocks of the land surface are called a horst.
• Graben : The lowered blocks are called graben.
• Plateau: An elevated flat land is called a plateau.
• Plains: These are large stretches of flat land.
• Erosion : The wearing away of the earth’s surface is known as erosion.
• Flora and Fauna : The plants and animals of a particular area.

Haryana State Board HBSE 6th Class Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 5 Major Domains of the Earth Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 6th Class Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 5 Major Domains of the Earth

HBSE 6th Class Geography Major Domains of the Earth Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Answer the following questions briefly:
(a) What are the four major domains of the earth?
Answer:
The four major domains of the earth are:

• Lithosphere
• Atmosphere
• Hydrosphere
• Biosphere.

(b) Name the major continents of the earth.
Answer:
The major continents of the earth are:

• Asia
• Africa
• North America
• South America
• Europe
• Australia

(c) Name the two continents that lie entirely in the southern hemisphere.
Answer:

• Australia
• Antarctica.

(d) Name the different layers of atmosphere.
Answer:
The different layers of atmosphere.

• Triphosphate
• Stratosphere
• Mesophere
• Thermosphere
• Erosphere

(e) Why is earth called the blue planet?
Answer:
Earth is called the blue planet because 71 percent of the earth is covered with water only.

(f) Why is Northern Hemisphere called the Land Hemisphere?
Answer:
Northern hemisphere is called the land hemisphere because the greater part of the land lies in the Northern Hemisphere.

(g) Why is Biosphere important for living organisms?
Answer:
Biosphere is the zone where the life exists. It is the narrow zone where we find land, water and air together, which contains all forms of life.

Question 2.
Tick the correct answers:
(a) The mountain range that separates Europe from Asia is:
(i) the Andes
(ii) the Himalayas
(iii) the Urals
Answer:
(iii) the Urals

(b) The continent of North America is linked to South America by:
(i) an Isthmus
(ii) a Strait
(iii) a Canal
Answer:
(i) an Isthmus

(c) The major constituent of atmosphere by percent is:
(i) Nitrogen
(ii) Oxygen
(iii) Carbon dioxide
Answer:
(i) Nitrogen

(d) The domain to the earth consisting of solid rocks is:
(i) the Atmosphere
(ii) the Hydrosphere
(iii) the Lithosphere
Answer:
(iii) the Lithosphere

(e) Which is the largest continent?
(i) Africa
(ii) Asia
(iii) Australia
Answer:
(ii) Asia

Question 3.
Fill in the blanks :

1. The deepest point of earth is _________ in the Pacific Ocean,
2. The _________ Ocean is named after a country.
3. The _________ is a narrow contact zone of land, water and air that supports life.
4. The continents of Europe and Asia are known as _________.
5. The highest mountain peak on earth is _________.

Answer:

1. Mariana Trench
2. Indian
3. Biosphere
4. Eurasia
5. Everest.

THINGS TO DO

1. Cut the outline of the continents from an outline map of world and arrange them according to their decreasing sizes.
2. Cut the outline of the continents from an outline map of the world and try to fit them together as a Jig-saw puzzle.
3. Collect pictures of expeditions to the Himalayas. Write about the kind of equipment carried by the climbers for protection against sunshine, temperature and the lack of air.

MAP SKILLS

Question 4.
Map skills :
On the outline map of the world, mark the following:
Europe, Asia, Antarctica, South America, Australia, Indian Ocean, Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Ural Mountains and Isthmus of Panamas.

HBSE 6th Class Geography Major Domains of the Earth Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type questions

Question 1.
Where is the greatest depth recorded?
Answer:
The greatest depth is recorded at Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean.

Question 2.
Which continents surrounded the Pacific Ocean?
Answer:
Asia, Australia, North America, South America.

Question 3.
What is the shape of the Indian Ocean?
Answer:
The shape of Indian Ocean is almost triangular.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Give reason: though earth is a ‘blue planet’, we face shortage of water.
Answer:
More than 97% of Earth’s water is found in the oceans and is too salty for human use. A large proportion of the rest of water is in the form of ice-sheets and glaciers or under the ground and a very small percentage is available.

Question 2.
What is lithosphere? State its condition.
Answer:
The outer layer of the earth is called the crust. Crust is like the skin of the earth. The hard crust forms the outer solid surface of the earth. It is called lithosphere where the word ‘litho’ means stone or rock. About one third of the earth surface is occupied by land while the rest is covered with water.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Name the seven continents of the world. Write three important features of each of them.
Answer:
The seven continents are :

• Asia
• Europe
• Africa
• North America
• South America
• Australia
• Antarctica.

(i) Asia:

• Asia is the largest continent. The Tropic of Cancer passes through Asia.
• Asia is separated from Europe by the Ural Mountains on the west.

(ii) Europe:

• Europe is much smaller than Asia.
• Europe lies to the west of Asia.
• It is bounded by water bodies on three sides.

(iii) Africa:

• Africa is the second largest continent after Asia.
• The equator or 0° latitude runs almost through the middle of the continent.
• It is the only continent through which the Tropic of Cancer, the equator and the Tropic of Capricorn pass.

(iv) North America:

• North America is the third largest continent of the world.
• The continent lies completely in the Northern and Western hemisphere.
• Three oceans namely Atlantic Ocean, Arctic Ocean, Pacific Ocean surround this continent.

(v) South America :

• South America lies mostly in the Southern Hemisphere.
• The Andes, world’s longest mountain range, runs through its length from north to south.
• The world’s largest river, Amazoh lies in this continent.

(vi) Australia:

• Australia is the smallest continent.
• Australia lies completely in the Southern Hemisphere.
• Australia is an island continent because it is surrounded on all sides by the oceans and seas.

(vii) Antarctica:

• Antarctica lies completely in the Southern Hemisphere.
• Antarctica is permanently covered with thick ice-sheets, there are no permanent human settlements.
• Many countries have research stations in Antarctica. For example: Maitri and Dakshin Gangotri are research stations of India in Antarctica.

Major Domains of the Earth Class 6 HBSE Notes

• Lithosphere : The uppermost solid layer of our earth.
• Hydrosphere: The water-mass of the earth including oceans, seas, rivers, lakes, underground water, ice sheets and water vapour in the atmosphere.
• Atmosphere : The layer of various gases which surround the earth.
• Biosphere : The narrow zone where the lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere are in contact with each other and in which life exists.
• Continent: A large mass of land.
• Ocean : A vast area of water surrounding landmasses.
• Mountain : A mountain is a conical mass of land rising too much greater heights than the surrounding areas.
• Plateau : A plateau is a large area of fairly level land rising much above the surrounding areas.
• Plains: Low-lying flat surfaces with very gentle slopes are called plains.
• Eurasia: The combined landmass of Asia and Europe is called Eurasia.
• Coastal plains: Plains located along the coasts are called coastal plains.

Haryana State Board HBSE 6th Class Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 4 Maps Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 6th Class Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 4 Maps

HBSE 6th Class Geography Maps Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Answer the following questions briefly:
(а) What are the three components of a map?
Answer:
The three components of a map are distance, direction, and symbol.

(b) What are the four cardinal directions?
Answer:
The four cardinal directions are:

• North
• East
• South
• West

(c) What do you mean by the term ‘the scale of the map’?
Answer:
The scale is the ratio between the actual distance on the ground and the distances show on the map.

(d) How are maps more useful than a globe?
Answer:
The maps are more useful than a globe because:

• Maps show more details than a globe.
• Maps are easier to carry and can be folded and put into pocket.
• When we want to study only a part of the earth, as about a country or a state; globe can be of little help. Maps can be more useful.
• Maps are also more useful when information about some specific field is to discussed; e.g., rainfall, forests, industries of that area.

(e) Distinguish between a map and a plan.
Answer:

(f) Which map provides detailed information?
Answer:
A thematic map provides detailed information.

(g) How do symbols help in reading maps?
Answer:
Due to the limitation of space, it is not possible to draw the map with its actual shape and size of different features such as buildings, roads, trees, railway lines or wells. So, they are shown with various symbols. So, symbols give much information and maps can be drawn easily and are simple to read.

Question 2.
Tick the correct answers:
(a) Maps showing distribution of forests are:
(i) Physical map
(ii) Thematic map
(iii) Political map
Answer:
(ii) Thematic map

(b) The blue colour is used for showing:
(i) Waterbodies
(ii) Mountains
(iii) Plains
Answer:
(i) Waterbodies

(c) A compass is used :
(i) To show symbols
(ii) To find the main direction
(iii) To measure distance
Answer:
(ii) To find the main direction

(d) A scale is necessary:
(i) For a map
(ii) For a sketch
(iii) For a symbols
Answer:
(i) For a map

HBSE 6th Class Geography Maps Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are political maps?
Answer:
Maps showing cities, towns and villages, and different countries and states of the world with their boundaries are called political maps.

Question 2.
What are thematic maps?
Answer:
Maps which focus on specific information such as road maps, rainfall maps, mass showing distribution of forests, industries, etc., are known as thematic maps.

Question 3.
What are cardinal points?
Answer:
Cardinal points are the four directions: North, South, East and West.

Question 4.
What is a compass?
Answer:
Compass is an instrument used to find out main directions.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Define scale.
Answer:
Scale is the ratio between the actual distance on the ground and the distance shown on the map. For example, the distance between your home and school is 10 km; if this distance is shown by 2 cm on a map; it means 1 cm on the map will show 5 km on the ground. The scale of your drawing will be 1 cm = 5 km.

Question 2.
What are the distribution maps and why are they drawn?
Answer:
Those maps which show the distribution of important crops, minerals, industries, forests and population etc., are called distribution maps. They are drawn to show the distribution of commodities and other things on the map where actually they are found or produced.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How are different measures of distances shown on the map? Explain two types of the maps.
Answer:
Maps are drawn to reduce scales. Scale is the ratio between the actual distance on the ground and the distance shown on the map. For example, the distance between the school and your home is 10 km. If this 10 km distance is shown by 2 cm on a map; it means 1 cm on the map represents 5 km on the ground.

On the basis of scale there can be two type of maps :
Small-scale Maps : When large areas like continents or countries are to be shown on a paper, then we use a small scale. For example 5 cm on the map shows 500 km on the ground. It is called a small-scale map.

Large-scale Maps: When a small area like your village or town is to be shown on a paper, then we use a large scale. That is 5 cm on the map shows 500 meters only on the ground. It is called a large-scale map.

Maps Class 6 HBSE Notes

• Map : A representation of the curved surface of the whole earth or part of it on a flat sheet of paper according to the chosen scale.
• Scale : The relation between the distance on the map and the corresponding distance on the ground.
• Sketch : A rough drawing showing only some features of an area drawn without using any scale.
• Plan : A drawing of a very small area showing details drawn using a very large scale.
• North Line : The vertical line with an arrow at the top marked with ‘N’ indicating the north direction.
• Conventional symbols : The symbols used to represent various features on maps.
• Physical Maps : Maps showing natural features of the earth such as mountains, plateaus, plains, rivers, oceans, etc. are called physical maps.
• Small scale Map: When large areas are shown on a small map, it is called a small scale map.

Haryana State Board HBSE 6th Class Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 3 Motions of the Earth Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 6th Class Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 3 Motions of the Earth

HBSE 6th Class Geography Motions of the Earth Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Answer the questions briefly:
(а) What is the angle of inclination of the earth’s axis with its orbital plane?
Answer:
The angle of inclination of the earth’s axis with its orbital plane is 661/2°.

(b) Define rotation and revolution:
Answer:
Rotation : The movement of the earth with axis is called rotation.
Revolution : The movement of the earth around the sun in a fixed path or orbit is known as revolution.

(c) What is a leap year?
Answer:
The time taken by the earth to complete one revolution is 365 1/4 days. For convenience, we have 365 days in a year. We have fraction 1/4 and every fourth year we add one day to the year. The year to which one day is added has 366 days and it is called a leap year.

(d) Differentiate between the summer solstice and winter solstice.
Answer:

(e) What is an equinox?
Answer:
On 21st March and September 23rd, direct rays of the sun falls on the equator. At this position, neither of the poles is tilted towards the sun. Therefore, the entire earth experiences equal days and equal nights. This phenomenon is called an equinox.

(f) Why does the Southern Hemisphere experience Winter and Summer Solstice in different times then that of the Northern Hemisphere?
Answer:
On 21st June, the Northern Hemisphere is tilted towards the sun. The North Pole is inclined towards the sun and the places beyond the Arctic Circle experience daylight for about six months is summer in the regions north of the equator. This position is summer solstice. However, the reverse conditions prevail in the Southern Hemisphere. When it is summer in the Southern Hemisphere, it is winter in the Northern Hemisphere.

(g) Why do the poles experience about six months ‘day and six months’ night?
Answer:
When Northern Hemisphere is tilted towards the sun, the sun rays fall directly on the Tropic of Cancer. As a result, it receives more heat. The areas near the Pole receives less heat as the rays of sun are slanting. The North Pole is inclined towards the sun experience continuous day light. Since the large portion of the Northern Hemisphere is getting light from the sun, therefore it is summer in regions north of equator. Hence it experiences six-months day. In the same way it repeats in Southern Hemisphere when the sun-rays fall directly on Tropic of Capricorn and the Southern Hemisphere is tilted towards the sun. It experiences six-months day and six-months night and vice versa.

Question 2.
Tick the correct answers.
(a) The movement of the earth around the sun is known as:
(i) Rotation
(ii) Revolution
(iii) Inclination
Answer:
(ii) Revolution

(b) Direct rays of the sun fall on the equator on:
(i) 21st March
(ii) 21st June
(iii) 22nd December
Answer:
(i) 21st March

(c) Christmas is celebrated in summer in :
(i) Japan
(ii) India
(iii) Australia
Answer:
(iii) Australia

(d) Cycle of the seasons is caused due to :
(i) Rotation
(ii) Revolution
(iii) Gravitation
Answer:
(ii) Revolution

Question 3.
Fill in the blanks :

1. A leap year has _________ number of days.
2. The daily motion of the earth is _________.
3. The earth travels around the sun in _________ orbit.
4. The sun’s rays vertically on the Tropic of on 21st June.
5. Days are shorter during _________ season.

Answer:

1. 366
2. rotation
3. elliptical
4. Cancer
5. winter.

THINGS TO DO

Question 1.
Make a drawing to show the inclination of the earth.
Answer:

Inclination of the Earth’s axis and unequal length of days and nights

HBSE 6th Class Geography Motions of the Earth Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Name the two motion of the earth.
Answer:
Rotation, Revolution.

Question 2.
In which hemisphere does Australia lie?
Answer:
Australia lies in the Southern Hemisphere.

Question 3.
Why do the areas near the poles receive less heat?
Answer:
It is because the rays of the sun are slanting on the poles.

Question 5.
Name the four seasons.
Answer:
The four seasons are:

• The Summer
• The Winter
• The Autumn
• The Spring.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Why does not the whole earth get day at the same time?
Answer:
Since the earth is spherical in nature, only half of it gets light from the sun at a time. The portion facing the sun experiences day while the other half away from the sun experiences night.

Question 2.
What would happen if the earth did not rotate?
Answer:
The portion of the earth facing the sun would always experience day, thus bringing continuous warmth to the region. The other half would remain in darkness and be freezing cold all the time. Life would not have been possible in such extreme conditions.

Question 3.
Why is it hotter when the sun- rays are vertical at a place?
Answer:
The rays of the morning sun are hottest than, the evening. This is because the rays of the sun are almost vertical at noon. They fall over a small area and hence give a greater amount of heat. The rays of the sun are slanting in the morning and in the evening. They spread over a wider area and hence give less amount of heat. That is why it is hotter when the sun rays are vertical at a place.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Differentiate between rotation and revolution of the earth.
Answer:

Question 2.
Distinguish between Solstice and Equinox.
Answer:
Solstice : When the rays of the sun are falling vertically on Tropic of Cancer in Northern Hemisphere, the days are longer and nights are shorter. It receives more heat. Therefore, it is having the summer season. The day when the sun rays fall vertically on the Tropic of Cancer (21st June) is referred to as summer solstice. The day of 22nd December in South Hemisphere is known as winter solstice as the rays of the sun fall vertically on Tropic of Capricorn in Southern Hemisphere.

Equinox: On 23rd September and 21st March, the rays of the sun fall vertically on equator at noon. Both the poles receive slanting rays of the sun. 23rd September is autumn season in Northern Hemisphere. It is called autumn equinox in Northern Hemisphere. In the Southern Hemisphere it is referred to as spring equinox. It is summer in the Southern Hemisphere.

Motions of the Earth Class 6 HBSE Notes

• Circle of Illumination : It is the circle that divides the day from night on the globe.
• Axis of the Earth : It is an imaginary line that makes an angle of 661/2° with its orbit plane.
• Dawn : The period of diffused light before sunrise.
• Dusk : The period of diffused light after the sunset.
• Revolution : Annual motion of the earth around the sun along a fixed path.
• Rotation : The daily motion of the earth about its imaginary axis.
• Inclination of the Earth’s axis: The earth remains tilted to one side while it revolves around the sun. This tilt is called the inclination of the earth’s axis.

Haryana State Board HBSE 6th Class Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 2 Globe: Latitudes and Longitudes Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 6th Class Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 2 Globe: Latitudes and Longitudes

HBSE 6th Class Geography Globe: Latitudes and Longitudes Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Answer the following questions briefly:
(а) What is the true shape of the earth?
Answer:
The true shape of the earth is a sphere flattened at the poles such a shape is called a geoid.

(b) What is a globe?
Answer:
Globe is a true model (miniature form) of the earth.

(c) What is the latitudinal value of the Tropic of Cancer?
Answer:
The latitudinal value of the Tropic of Cancer is 231/4° N.

(d) What are the three heat zones of the Earth?
Answer:
The three heat zones of the earth are :

• Torrid zone
• Temperate zone
• Frigid zone.

(e) What are parallels of latitude and meridians of latitude?
Answer:
Parallels of latitude: All parallel circles from the equator up to the poles are called parallels of latitude.
Meridians of latitude : The lines of reference running from the North Pole to South Pole are called meridians of longitude.

(f) Why does the torrid zone receive maximum amount of heat?
Answer:
Torrid zone receives the maximum amount of heat because this is located between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn in 231/2° N to 23(4° S. The rays of the sun fall vertically on this region.

(g) Why is it 5.30 p.m in India and 12:00 noon in London?
Answer:
The Earth rotates about 360° in 24 hours, i.e., 1° in 4 minutes. Each degree of longitudes corresponds to a difference of four minutes. The standard meridian of India is 82° 30’E, and that of London is 0°. This means a difference of 4 minutes x 82.5 = 330= minutes = 5.5 hours. So when it is 12:00 noon in London, it is 5.30 p.m in India.

Question 2.
Tick the correct answers:
(а) The value of the prime meridian is:
(i) 90°
(ii) 0°
(iii) 60°
Answer:
(ii) 0°

(b) The frigid zone lies near:
(i) the Poles
(ii) the Equator
(iii) the Tropic of Cancer
Answer:
(i) the Poles

(c) The total number of longitudes are:
(i) 360°
(ii) 180°
(iii) 90°
Answer:
(i) 360°

(d) The Antarctic circle is located in:
(i) the Northern hemisphere
(ii) the Southern hemisphere
(iii) the Eastern hemisphere
Answer:
(ii) the Southern hemisphere

(e) Grid is a network of:
(i) parallels of latitudes and meridians of longitudes
(ii) the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn
(iii) the North Pole and the South Pole
Answer:
(i) parallels of latitudes and meridians of longitudes

Question 3.
Fill in the blanks:

1. The Tropic of Capricorn is located at _________.
2. The Standard Meridian of India is _________.
3. The 0° Meridian is also known as _________.
4. The distance between the longitudes decreases towards _________.
5. The Arctic Circle is located in the _________ hemisphere.

Answer:

1. 23 1/2° S
2. 821/2°E
3. Prime Meridian
4. Poles
5. Northern.

THINGS TO DO

Question 4.
Draw a diagram of the globe showing the earth’s axis, the Equator, Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn, Arctic Circle and Antarctic Circle.
Answer:

HBSE 6th Class Geography Globe: Latitudes and Longitudes Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are the two halves of the earth known as?
Answer:
The northern half of the earth is known as northern hemisphere and the southern half of the sun is known as southern hemisphere.

Question 2.
Why is equator considered as an important reference point to locate places to the earth?
Answer:
The equator is considered as an important reference point to locate places on the earth because equator divides the earth into equal halves.

Question 3.
Give reason : Torrid Zone receives the maximum heat.
Answer:
Torrid Zone receives the maximum heat because the mid-day sun is exactly overhead at least once a year on all latitudes in between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn.

Question 4.
Which imaginary line divides the earth into two halves?
Answer:
The equator divides the earth into two equal halves.

Question 5.
Where does the Temperate Zone lie?
Answer:
The Temperate Zone lies between Tropic of Cancer and Arctic Circle in Northern Hemisphere and Tropic of Capricorn and Antarctic Circle in Southern Hemisphere.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How are meridians numbered?
Answer:
The meridian which passes through Greenwich, i.e., Prime Meridian is valued as 0° longitude and from it we count 180° eastward as well as 180° westward.

Question 2.
A day and night cricket match between India and England had started at 2 p.m in London. At what time would the match begin in India? How would you calculate?
Answer:
The match would begin in India at 7:30 p.m. India located east of Greenwich at 82°30′ E is 5 hours 30 minutes ahead of GMT. So it will be 7:30 p.m in India when it is 2:00 p.m in London.

Question 3.
What are heat zones?
Answer:
Heat zones are the different zones of the earth, where the sun’s rays fall differently, this causing different climate patterns these zones are called the Torrid Zone, the two Temperate Zones, and the two Frigid Zones. The Torrid Zone in very hot since the sun shines overhead here. The Temperate Zones maintain a moderate climate and the Frigid Zones are extremely cold.

Question 4.
Write four features of globe?
Answer:

• Globe is a true model (miniature form) of the earth.
• Globes may be of varying size and type – big ones, which cannot be carried easily, small pocket globes, and globe- like balloons which can be inflated and are handy and carried with ease.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is the difference between the local time and the standard time?
Answer:
When the sun reaches the highest point in the sky, while crossing the meridian of any places it is noon (12.00). At some places watches are adjusted according to this time. It will be known as local time. Places having the same meridian of longitude have the same local time.

Standard Time : In countries with a large east-west extent, the variation in local time is very great. It creates confusion over train timings, flight timings etc. To solve this problem, the local time of a particular meridian is taken as the standard time for entire region of the country.

Question 2.
Which are the important parallels of latitude?
Answer:
Besides the equator, there are four other important parallels of latitude which have been given special names :
1. Tropic of Cancer : It is an important parallel in the Northern Hemisphere. It is an angular distance of 231/2° N (23° 30′ N) from the equator. It is important because it makes the northernmost limit of overhead sun.

2. Tropic of Capricorn : It makes the southernmost of overhead sun. Its angular distance is 23° 30′ S from the equator.

3. Arctic Circle (66V6°N) : It lies at a distance of 66°30′ N of the equator. It is also important because on this parallel we have 24 hours daylight on 21st June.

4. Antarctic Circle (66°30’S) : It is also an important parallel because on this we have 24 hours daylight on 22nd December.

Question 3.
What is Standard Time? What is the need for the Standard time?
Answer:
The local time of standard meridian of a country is called standard time. The different meridians have different local times. This is bound to create problems for people to function. For example, train time, flight schedules which cross several longitudes will be difficult to prepare. For example, There will be a difference of about 1 hour and 45 minutes in the local times Dwarka in Gujarat and Dibrugarh in Assam. To maintain uniformity in time throughout the country the standard time is needed. In India 82° 30′ E meridian is considered for the purpose of standard time. The local times as per this meridian is followed all over the country.

Globe: Latitudes and Longitudes Class 6 HBSE Notes

• Latitude : The angular distance of a place north or south of the equator.
• Longitude : The angular distance of a place east or west of the Prime Meridian.
• Globe : Globe is a man-made model of the earth.
• Equator : The imaginary line of 0° latitude encircling the earth and passing the half way between the North and South Pole.
• Tropic of Capricorn : It is the parallel of 231/2° S in Southern Hemisphere. .
• Tropic of Cancer : It is the parallel of 231/2° N in the Northern Hemisphere.
• Torrid Zone : The region that receives the maximum amount of heat throughout the year is Torrid Zone.
• Prime Meridian: The longitude running through the Greenwich near London was first chosen as Prime Meridian.
• Local Time : It is the time by the position of the sun at noon of a place.
• Standard Time : Time fixed at the Central Meridian which is considered the Standard Time of that country.
• Heat Zones: Heat zones are the different zones of the earth, where the sun’s rays fall differently, thus causing different climate patterns.
• Standard Time : Standard time of a country or region is the time regarded as a standard for that place, despite the fact that there exists time difference geographically across that region.