Author name: Bhagya

Haryana State Board HBSE 7th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 9 A Shirt in the Market Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 7th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 9 A Shirt in the Market

HBSE 7th Class Civics A Shirt in the Market Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What made Swapna sell the cotton to the trader instead of selling it at the Kurnool cloth market?
Answer:
The following reason made Swapna sell the cotton to the traders instead of selling at the Kurnool cloth market.

Swapna had borrowed ₹ 2,500 from the trader at a very high rate of interest to buy seeds, fertilizers, and pesticides for cultivation. At this time the trader enters an agreement with Swapna that she will sell her cotton to him. So, Swapna sells her cotton to traded instead of selling in Kurnool cloth market.

Question 2.
Describe the condition of employment as well as the wages of the workers in garment exporting factory* Do you think that the workers get a fair deal?
Answer:
(i) The workers in the garment exporting factory work at least 10 to 12 hrs. in a day but they get very low wages monthly.
(ii) Their job is not permanent; whenever the employer feels that a worker is not needed, he may be asked to leave.
(iii) Their wages are fixed according to their skills.
(iv) The highest paid among the workers are the tailors, who get maximum salary of 3,000 per month.
(v) More women are employee in these factories as helpers.
(vi) These jobs fetch him very low salary.
Now, these workers do not get fair deal.

Question 3.
Think of something common that we use. It could be sugar, tea, milk, pen, paper etc. Discuss through what chain of markets this reacts to you. Can you think of the people that help in the production or trade?
Answer:
A chain of markets links the producer to the buyer. Buying and selling takes place at every step in the chain.
Through Retailer: The producer supplies goods to retailer who sells them to the consumers:

Producers
|
Retailer
|
Customer (Buyer)

Through Wholesaler: The producer may supply goods to wholesaler in large quantity who can further sell the same in small quantities to the customers. There is no place of retailer in it.

Produce
|
Wholesaler
|
Customers

Through agent, wholesaler and retailer: The producer may also involve the agent (intermediator) in this chain of marketing.

Producer
|
Agents
|
Wholesaler
|
Customer

People from a simple worker to the main producer, agents, wholesaler, retailer all help in the production or trade.

Question 4.
Arrange the statements given below in the correct order and then fill the number in the cotton balls accordingly. The first two have been solved for you.
1. Swapna sells the cloth to the trader.
2. Customers buy these shirts in the supermarket.
3. Trader sells cotton to the ginning mill.
4. Garment exporters buy the cloth from merchants for making shirts.
5. Yarn dealers or merchants give the yarn to the weavers.
6. The exporter sells shirts to the business persons from the USA.
7. Spinning mill buys the cotton and sells yarn to the yarn dealers.
8. Weavers return with the cloth.
9. Ginning mill cleans the cotton and makes it into balls.

Answer:
1. Swapna sells the cloth to the trader.
2. Trader sells cotton to the ginning mill.
3. Ginning mill cleans the cotton and makes it into balls.
4. Spinning mill buys the cotton and sells yarn to the yarn dealers.
5. Yarn dealers or merchants give the yarn to the weavers.
6. Weavers return with the cloth.
7. Garment exporters buy the cloth from merchants for making shirts.
8. The exporter sells shirts to the business persons from the USA.
9. Customers buy these shirts in the supermarket.

Question 5.
Did Swapna get a fair price on the cotton?
Answer:
No, Swapna did not get a fair price on the cotton.

Question 6.
Why did the trader pay Swapna a low price?
Answer:
The trader paid Swapna a low price because she had borrowed ₹ 2500 at the time of cropping season at high rate of interest.

Question 7.
Where db you think larger farm would sell cotton? How is their situation better than Swapna?
Answer:
Larger farmer would prefer to sell their product in wholesale market. Their situation is better from Swapna because Swapna cannot sell the product in wholesale market. She has to sell it through trader and she does not get price for her product.

Question 8.
You might have co-operatives in your areas. It could be in a milk provision, paddy etc. Find out for whose benefits they were set up.
Answer:
These co-operatives have been set up for the benefit of the local people of the area especially for the poor farmers.

Question 9.
What are the following people doing at the Erode cloth market-merchants, weavers, exporters?
Answer:
Merchants: Merchants are getting the woven cloth from the weavers after paying them wages for weaving cloth them from.
Weavers: The weavers spend long hours working on looms and they work for wages.
Exporters: Exporters arrange the cloth for exports.

Question 10.
In what ways are weavers dependent on cloth merchants?
Answer:
Weavers are dependent on cloth merchants because:
The cloth merchants give them thread and they weave cloth for them from where they earn their living.

Question 11.
Why do you think more women are employed in the Impex garment factory? Discuss.
Answer:
More women are employed in the Impex garments factory because:
(a) They do the work of thread cutting, buttoning, ironing and packaging more patiently.
(b) These jobs have the lowest wages and women are ready to work for the lowest wages.
(c) They do not raise disputes.

Question 12.
The shirt shows the profit made by the business person, and the various costs that he had to pay. Find out from the diagram below, what cost price includes.

Answer:
The cost price includes:
Purchase (₹ 200) + Storage 100) + advertising (₹ 300)
= ₹ 600.

Question 13.
What are the demands of foreign buyers made on the garment export? Why do the garment exporters agree to these demands?
Answer:
The foreign buyer demands the following from the supplier:
(a) the lowest prices
(b) high standards of equality
(c) prompt delivery of goods
The garment exporter agrees to fulfill the demand of foreign buyers because he hopes to get a bulk order.

Question 14.
What are the reasons that the business person is able to make a huge profit in the market?
Answer:
The business person is able to make huge profit in the market because:
(a) He sells his shirts to high income people who do not ask for the prices.
(b) He tries to meet the latest demands of the customers.

HBSE 7th Class Civics A Shirt in the Market Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Who is Swapna and what does she do?
Answer:
Swapna is a small farmer in Kurnool and she grows cotton.

Question 2.
What is putting out system?
Answer:
The arrangement between the merchant and the weavers is known as putting out system.

Question 3.
To whom does the Erode merchant supply the cotton cloth?
Answer:
The Erode merchant supplies the cotton cloth to a garment exporting factory near Delhi.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write about Erode’s cloth market in brief.
Answer:
Erode is a bi-weekly cloth market in Tamil Nadu. It is one of the largest cloth markets in the world. A large variety of clothes are sold in this market.

Question 2.
What is the role of merchant in making the clothes?
Answer:
The merchant distributes work among the weavers based on the orders he has received for cloth. For this, he buys the yarn and gives to the weavers with instructions about the kind of cloth that is to be made.

Question 3.
What is the role of market in the lives of people related to cloth?
Answer:
The market offers people, related to cloth, opportunities for work and to be able to sell things that they grow or produce. It could be the farmer selling cotton or weaver producing cloth.

Question 4.
Why have the poor people to depend on rich persons?
Answer:
The poor have people to depend on the rich and the powerful persons for loans, raw materials and marketing of their goods, and most often for employment.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How do the weaver’s cooperatives work? How are they helpful for the weavers?
Answer:
In weavers’ cooperative:
(a) The weavers form a group and take up certain activities collectively.
(b) They procure yarn from the yarn dealer and distribute it among the weavers.
(c) The co-operative also does the marketing.

They are helpful for the weavers because:
(i) the role of merchant is reduced and weavers get a fair price on the cloth.
(ii) The government also helps the cooperatives by buying cloth from them at a reasonable price.

Question 2.
Write a note on the Impex garment factory.
Answer:

• The Impex garment factory has 70 workers.
• Most of them are women. Most of these workers are employed on a temporary basis.
• The employer can remove the workers when he does not need them.
• Workers wages are fixed according to their skills.
• The highest paid among workers are the tailors who get about ₹ 3,000 per month.
• Women are employed at the lowest paid wages for the jobs like thread cutting, buttoning, ironing and packaging.

A Shirt in the Market Class 7 HBSE Notes

• Ginning Mill: A factory where seeds are removed from cotton balls. The cotton is pressed into bales to be sent for spinning into thread.
• Exporter: A person who sells goods abroad.
• Profit: The amount that is left or gained from earnings after deducting all the costs. If the costs are more than the earnings, it would lead to a loss.

Haryana State Board HBSE 7th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 8 Markets Around Us Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 7th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 8 Markets Around Us

HBSE 7th Class Civics Markets Around Us Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
In what ways is a hawker different from shop owners?
Answer:

Question 2.
Compare and contrast a weekly market and a shopping complex on the following:

Answer:

Question 3.
Explain how a chain of markets is formed. What purpose does it serve?
Answer:
A chain of markets is the interlinking of a producer, wholesaler and retailer in the following ways:
(i) We don’t buy goods directly from the factory or farm, where the production takes place.
(ii) The people in between the producer and the final consumer is the trader.
(iii) The wholesaler buys goods in large quantities and sells them to traders.
(iv) The trader who finally sells this to consumer is the retailer.
Goods travel to us though a chain of markets which we were not aware of this allows good-quality of goods to reach us in an easy, accessible and feasible way.

Question 4.
‘All persons have equal rights to visit any shop in a market place.’ Do you think this is true of shops with expensive products? Explain with examples.
Answer:
No, it is not true for shops with expensive products. This is because the companies producing branded products . through shops in urban markets and at times, through special show rooms. Fewer people can afford to buy branded goods and hence rights are restricted.

For example:
Sujata and Kavita who entered a shop that was selling branded readymade clothes were stared at by the security guard. They could not even buy a dress since most of them were expensive.

Question 5.
‘Buying and selling can take place without going to a marketplace.’ Explain the statement with the help of example.
Answer:
One does not have to go to the markets to purchase goods. You can place order for a variety of things through the phone and these days through the internet as well, and then the goods are delivered to your home. In clinics and nursing homes and likewise, sales representatives are also engaged in the selling of goods. Thus buying and selling take place in different markets, not necessarily to the ones we need to visit.
For example: Many sites on the net today.

Question 6.
Why do people go to a weekly market?
Answer:
People go to a weekly market because:
(a) They can fulfill their everyday requirements.
(b) Many things in the market are available at cheap rates.
(c) Almost all things are available at one place.

Question 7.
Who are the sellers in a weekly market? Why don’t we find big businessmen in weekly market?
Answer:
Sellers are small traders in a weekly market who store their things at home and sell them at cheap rates in the market. We don’t find big businessmen in weekly markets because here low-quality low-priced goods are sold. The goods are not branded. Big Businessmen usually deal in designer products and branded goods that are well- promoted though advertising and incur them a lot of profit. This is done through permanent urban markets or special showrooms.

Question 8.
Explain with an example how people bargain in a weekly market. Can you think of an example where the bargain would be unfair?
Answer:
Weekly markets also have a large number of shops sellings the same goods which means there is competition between them. If some trader were to charge a higher price, people can bargain and bring the price down. The bargain would be unfair if the shopkeeper has not kept any margin for his product.

Question 9.
Why did Sujata carry a notebook? Do you think this system is useful? Can there be problems?
Answer:
Sujata carried a notebook along with her so that the amount of money of purchase could be noted down. This bond of trust allowed Sujata to pay on credit. However this could create the following problems:
(а) insecurity for the seller (if the buyer is unknown)
(b) a sense of doubt.

Question 10.
What are the different kinds of shops that find in your neighbourhood? What do you purchase from them.
Answer:
There are many shops in a neighbourhood; i.e.
(a) Dairy
Goods bought: milk, cottage cheese, curd.

(b) Grocery
Goods bought: fruits and vegetables

(c) Stationery
Goods bought: pens, pencils, charts, erasers

(d) Eatables
Goods bought: cooked snacks

(e) Bakery
Goods bought: baked goods like cakes, pastries

(f) Chemist
Goods bought: medicines.

Question 11.
Why are goods sold in permanent shops costlier than those sold in the weekly markets or by roadside hawkers?
Answer:
The goods sold in permanent shops are costlier than those sold in weekly market or by roadside hawkers because they provide more facilities at ease to its consumers. They are useful in many ways:

• easily accessible
• familiar relation between the buyer and seller
• goods on credit.

Question 12.
Why do you think the guard wanted to stop Kavita and Sujata from entering the shopWhat would you say if someone stops you from entering a shop in the market?
Answer:
The guard wanted to stop Kavita and Sujata from entering the shop because by demeanour, they seemed to be of a low economic background and would to be able to afford the expenses of the shop.

I would question my right if somebody stops me from entering a shop as it would be sincere violation of my dignity.

Question 13.
Why do people not bargain in shops located in malls whereas they bargain in weekly markets?
Answer:
Branded goods are expensive often promoted by advertising and are of a better qualities. Hence, people sustain a skeptical nature of bargaining in these large urban markets on special showroom. Only the people who afford to buy these goods generally visit these shops.

Question 14.
How do you think your neighbourhood shop gets its goods? Find out and explain with example.
Answer:
A neighbourhood shop is generally controlled by a retailer who gets its goods from the wholesaler.
For example, the vegetable wholesale trader will not buy few kilos of vegetables from farmers but in large quantities. These will be then sold to our neighbourhood grocer. Buying and selling take place between traders and goods shall reach us.

Question 15.
Why is a wholesale trader necessary?
Answer:
The producer, on its own cannot send its goods to the final consumers or retailing shop. It is with the help of a wholesale trader that goods reach faraway places. It is from here that a retailer buys the goods so that it reaches the final consumers.

HBSE 7th Class Civics Markets Around Us Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Who are in between the producer and the final consumers?
Answer:
Wholesalers, distributors and retailers are in between the producer and the final consumer.

Question 2.
Write any one advantage of weekly market?
Answer:
Most of the things of our daily and common use are available at one place in weekly market at a cheaper rate.

Question 3.
Where are shopping complexes found?
Answer:
Shopping complexes are found in the urban areas, cities, etc.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What do you know about weekly market?
Answer:
(i) A weekly market is held on a specific day of week.
(ii) It does not have permanent shops.
(iii) Traders set up their shops for the day and then close them up in the evening.

Question 2.
What are the extra expenditure incurred in permanent shop that are not incurred in the weekly market?
Answer:
There are various expenditures incurred in permanent shops which are not in weekly market. For example:
(a) They have to pay rent, electricity and sometimes fees to the Government.
(b) They have to pay wages to their workers.

Question 3.
What do you know about mills?
Answer:
The large multi-stores air-conditioned buildings with shops on different floors are known as malls. These malls have both branded and non-branded goods and promote them by advertising.

Question 4.
Explain the meaning of chain of markets.
Answer:
A chain of markets is a series of markets inter connected in links or chains because products pass from one country to another.

Question 5.
‘Internet has brought a revolution in the availability of markets.’ Do you agree? Explain.
Answer:
Today we can place order for a variety of things on the Internet and the goods are delivered at your home. This allows easy availability, accessibility and economic feasibility of goods. Internet always or often does offer exciting deals.

Question 6.
Explain who is the most benefitted in the Chain of Markets.
Answer:
A retailer is the most benefitted in the chain of markets since he sells the goods at the highest price and earns more profit than the wholesaler.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are the markets we might be unaware of? Give two detailed examples.
Answer:
Some of the markets that act as imputs to an industry and help in the formation of products that finally reach us are markets that we night be unaware of these are feeder markets whose goods we don’t require and hence we can’t recognise themselves.

Two examples for the same are given below:
(i) We may want to acquire the food crop or food item sold by a retailer but we may not be interested in knowing the market from where the farmer sought his production needs (seeds, fertilizer etc.).

(ii) A car factory purchases engines, cars, gears, petrol tanks, are but we are interested in only buying the product i.e., the car.
However, it is also true that the producers recognise these shops.

Question 2.
What do you know about the market and goods, which are sold and bought in but we don’t use directly? Explain about with examples.
Answer:
There are markets that we may not be aware of. In these markets a variety of goods are bought and sold in large numbers that we don’t use directly. For example, a car factory purchases engine, gears, petrol tanks, axles, wheels, etc. from v various other factories. They use them for making car, a final product that we use directly.

Markets Around Us Class 7 HBSE Notes

• Chain of Markets: A series of markets that are connected like links in a chain because product pass from one market to another.
• Mall: This is an enclosed shopping space. This is usually a large building with many floors that has shops, restaurants, at any time, even a cinema theatre. These shops most often sell branded products.
• Retailers: The trader who finally sells goods to these consumers.
• Weekly Market: These markets are not daily markets but are to be found at a particular place on one or maybe two days of the week. These markets most often sell everything that a household needs ranging from vegetables to clothes or utensils.
• Wholesale This refers to buying or selling in large quantities. Most products, including vegetables, fruits, and flowers have special wholesale markets.

Haryana State Board HBSE 7th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 7 Understanding Advertising Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 7th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 7 Understanding Advertising

HBSE 7th Class Civics Understanding Advertising Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What do you understand by the word brand? List two reasons why building brands is central to advertising.
Answer:
The term “brand’ refers to the special identification or name that is associated with a product. Building a brand is central to advertising because:
(a) The product is signed or stamped by a particular name.
(b) It differentiates it from other products available in the market.
For example: The buyers of ‘TRIMURTI POP’ know that they are buying a guaranteed product with an ISI mark.

Question 2.
Choose two of your favourite prints advertisement. Now look at each of these and answer the following questions.
(a) What visuals and text is being used in these advertisements to attract my attention?
(b) What values are being promoted in these advertisements?
(c) Who is this advertisement speaking to and who is it leaving out?
(d) If you could not afford the brand that is being advertised how would you feel?

Question 3.
Can you explain two ways in which you think advertising affects issues of equality in a democracy?
Answer:
Yes, the two ways in which you think advertising affects issues of equality in a democracy are :
(а) In a democracy, all the people are equal and should be able to lead a life of dignity, advertising tends to promote a certain lack of respect for the poor people. The branded goods are costly and through advertisements, their image is created which appeals elite people. Poor people cannot afford them.

(b) There is a question of inequality at market front. Only large companies can.

Question 4.
Making an advertisement requires a lot of creativity. Let us imagine a situation in which a manufacturer has just made a new watch. She says that she want to sell this watch to school children. She comes to your class and asks you all to create a brand name as well as an advertisement for the watch. Divide the class into small groups and each group create an advertisement for this watch, share it with class.
Answer:
This is a group activity, for your help here clues are given:
(a) Write the slient features of the watch.
(b) Warrantee period.
(c) Rate of discount.
(d) Also sketch the diagram of wrist and hand watches.
Try to solve it in your class room by divid¬ing the class in four/six groups.

Look at the two advertisements and fill in the table.

Answer:

Question 2.

(A) What do you think is the target audience for the social advertise¬ments below? (NCERT Page 88)
Answer:
(a) Disabled Children.
(b) Persons crossing unmanned railway crossing.

(B) What is the message that each social advertisement is trying to get across? (NCERT Page 88)
Answer:
(a) Freedom is the birthright of disabled children too and they have right to education.
(b) Railways run faster than us. So we should not cross the railway crossing when the train is coming.

HBSE 7th Class Civics Understanding Advertising Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is advertising?
Answer:
The promotion of saleable goods, services and ideas by a reputed sponsor is termed as advertising.

Question 2.
Which was the commonest means of advertising in ancient times?
Answer:
‘Word of Mouth’ was the ; commonest form of advertising practised in ancient times.

Question 3.
What makes mass selling possible?
Answer:
Advertising makes mass selling possible.

Question 4.
When and where did weekly newspaper advertising begin?
Answer:
Weekly advertising began in England in 17th century.

Question 5.
Name two products which were promoted by early print advertising?
Answer:
Books and medicines.

Question 6.
Name four kinds of advertising.
Answer:
(a) Political advertising
(b) Public advertising
(c) Commercial advertising
(d) Social advertising.

Question 7.
Define ‘branding’.
Answer:
‘Branding’ means stamping a product with a particular name or sign. This is done in order to differentiate it from other products in the market.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Why do you think the manufacturers of the soap and the daal gave their products specific names?
Answer:
The manufacturers of the daal and the soap gave their products specific names like “Show you child you care” and “Top Taste Daal” respectively so that they can draw our attention. These names also describe the products, daal and soap positively so that we may become convinced and interested to buy them.

Question 2.
What role do advertisements play in our lives?
Answer:
We mostly buy branded products under the influence of advertisements. Their branded products influence the ways in which we think about ourselves, our friends and our family.

Question 3.
What is the role of advertising in society?
Answer:
(a) Advertising helps to sell different products!n the market.
(b) It create airurge for change of lifestyle and uplifting social status.
(c) Because of ever-increasing number of goods and advertisements, things which were considered as luxury are now a vital necessity of life

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Distinguish between commercial and social advertisement.
Answer:

Question 2.
What are the basic requirements of good advertising?
Answer:
The basic requirements of good advertising are:

• It should be well-designed in conformity/with the law and regulations of the country.
• It should not go against morality.
• It should not be against the religious susceptibilities of the people.
• In the case of commercial advertising everything related to the product should be provided accurately.
• It should not have derogatory references to another.

Understanding Advertising Class 7 HBSE Notes

• Product: This refers to a thing or service that has been made for being sold in the market.
• Consumer: This refers to the person for whom the goods or products have been made and who pays money to buy and use them.
• Brand: This refers to a special identification or name that is associated with a product such identification is created through the process of advertising.
• To influence: This refers to the power to change what someone believes or does.
• LifeStyle: Lifestyle refers to people’s lives being identified by the products they own, the clothes they wear, the places they live in, etc.

Haryana State Board HBSE 7th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 6 Understanding Media Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 7th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 6 Understanding Media

HBSE 7th Class Civics Understanding Media Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
In what ways does the media play an important role in democracy?
Answer:
Media plays an important role in democracy in the following ways:
(a) On the basis of media’s information citizens can learn how the government works.
(b) Public becomes aware of the fraudulent practices and the corruption is curbed.
(c) Media helps in forming opinion of the masses.
(d) The media also announces the opinion of the public about certain issues, problems.

Question 2.
Can you give this diagram a title? What do you understand about the link between media and big business from this diagram?

Answer:
Title to the diagram:
Role of Media for Business Houses
Link between media and Big Business Houses:
(i) Media helps in advertisement for products of big business houses.
(ii) Media helps business houses to know about the detailed programmes of government.
(iii) Big Business houses come to know about the needs, wants of people and changing trends in their lines of products.
(iv) Media gets business through big business houses.
(v) Some popular media groups are owned by big business houses, e.g., Hindustan Times by Birla group. Hence, media and big business houses are complementary to each other.

Question 3.
You have read about the ways in which media, sets the agenda. What kind of effect does this have in a democracy? Provide two examples in support of your view.
Answer:
Media ‘sets agenda’ because media has its great importance of its own. It is the media through which the public can raise voices. Media decides which subjects to highlight and hence ‘sets the agenda’.
For example:
(i) News of major public events is highlighted.
(ii) The visit of a famous political party is highlighted.
(iii) Alarming level of adulterations in food items is highlighted.

Question 4.
As a class project, decide to focus on a particular news topic and cut out stories from different newspapers on this.-Also watch the coverage of this topic on TV news. Compare two newspapers and write down the similarity and differences in their reports. It might help to ask the following questions:
(a) What information is this article providing?
(b) What information is it leaving out?
(c) From whose point of view is the article being written?
(d) Whose point of view is being left and why?
Answer:
I. Hindustan Times

India fourth-largest market: Domino’s

HT Correspondent
[email protected]

New Delhi:
Jubilant Food Works, which operates the Domino’s Pizza chain and Dunkin’ Donuts in India, on Thursday said India is Domino’s fourth-biggest overseas market, after the US, UK and Mexico.

“In the global Domino’s system, we are amongst the top four countries in terms of absolute number of stores,” said Sliyam S Bhartia, chairman and Hari S Bhartia, co¬chairman, Jubilant Food Works Ltd., while inaugurating the food major’s 500th store at Rajinder Nagar, Delhi.

The chain, which sells 70% of all India’s home- delivery pizzas and has 55% share of the organised pizza markets, is betting on products that cater to Indian tastes to continue its aggressive growth. “There are a number of tweaked products in the pipeline to woo the taste buds of the Indian consumer. Our aim is to continue innovation at reasonable price points,” said Richard Allison, executive vice¬president, Bomino’s Pizza International.

Betting of India
500 Number of Domino’s stores in India 30% Sales growth in one store over the fiscal year 2010-11 ‘ 55% Market share in the organised pizza market. 70% Market share in the pizza home delivery segment

From left:
Hari S Bhartia, co-chairman, Jubilant Food Works Ltd; Ritchard Allison, executive vice-president, International Dominos Worldwide and Shyam S Bhartia, chairman, Jubilant Food Works Ltd in New Delhi on Thursday.

(a) This article provides information that India is the fourth largest market of Dominos-after the US, UK and Mexico.
(b) It is leaving out information on what other products Dominos want to introduce in India.
(c) The article is being written from the point of view of those who want to enter new business venture with Dominos and the consumers.
(d) The point of view of the workers at Dominos is left out.
This is so because it is market-oriented.

India fastest growing market for Domino’s
Dipti Jain / TNN

New Delhi:
Despite a palpable slowdown in the eating out industry across the globe, India has emerged as the fastest growing market for Domino’s outpacing US, which is the largest market for the pizza chain major across 73 countries where it has presence. India recorded an annual growth rate of nearly 50% for Domino’s for the fifth consecutive year.

“India has been performing fabulously for us. We are seeing some pressure in western Europe especially, where it has been a very tough economic year for us,” Domino’s executive vice-president (international) Richard E Allison Jr said. India, which accounts for 5% of Domino’s global sales, is among the top five markets for the US based company. In terms of store counts too, India has registered the highest growth among all other markets.

The brand added 75 stores in India in calendar year 2011 taking the total number to 500. It is planning to increase the number by 100 in the current financial year. The company, which currently competes with other food chains such as Pizza Hut and Papa John’s, commands around 55% share of the Rs. 1,800 crore pizza industry in the country.

With only 10-15% of the industry organized, Allison is optimistic on increasing its market share by increased accessibility to consumers. The company will invest over Rs. 150 crore in India this financial year, up from the Rs. Ill crore it had invested last year. Like most other companies in the quick service restaurant space, Domino’s too reported a decline in the same stores sales growth in the April to June quarter to 22.3% from 36.7% in the corresponding period last year.

With consumer spending getting more discretionary, the brand has pushed price hikes, which normally happen in the first quarter, to the second quarter of the current fiscal year.

The company is also focusing on value offerings in a bid to widen its consumer base in the country. “We have to think about the product pricing always. The game is all about value pricing. We are only focusing on increasing our market share in India.”
(a) This article is providing information on the expanding share of Indian market for Dominos.
(b) This article is leaving information on the other big markets (except US) for share of Dominos.
(c) This article is written from the view of producers and consumers of Dominos
(d) This article leaves the point of view of the workers working at Indian Domino outlets.

Activity Based Questions:

Question 1.
Look at the collage and list the six kinds of media that you see
Answer:
• Radio
• Television
• DVD
• Computer and Internet
• Newspapers, magazines
• Periodicals

Question 2.
Ask older members of your family about what they used to listen to on the radio when there was no TV around. Find out from them when the first TV came to your area. When was cable TV introduced?
Answer:
• Older members of our family used to listen to news on radio and old Hindi songs.
• The first TV came to our area in 1962.
• Cable TV was introduced in 1984.

Question 3.
How many people in your neighbourhood use the internet?
Answer:
Many people.

Question 4.
List three things that you know about some other part of the world from watching television.
Answer:
•International Cricket matches.
• Fashion-shows
• Disasters-Natural or Man-made.

Question 5.
Can you list three different products that are advertised during your favourite TV programme?
Answer:
• Vodafone
• Surf excel
• Brooke-Bond Tea.

Question 6.
Take a newspaper and count the number of advertisements in it. Some people say that newspapers have too many advertisements? Do you think this is true and why?
Answer:
• Hindustan Times-70
Some people correctly say that newspapers have many advertise¬ments but it in important because:
(i) Many advertisements bring down the cost of the newspaper to the generally public and it becomes widely affordable.

Question 7.
Are the above stories in the two newspapers given above similar? And if not, why not? What, in your view, are the similarities and differences?
Answer:
Both the news relate to the closure of factories in the residential areas. However, the News of India reports about the nuisance created by the protesters. It is reported that they disrupt traffic and continuously pollute the city. The Indian Daily reports about the plight of lot of workers who lose jilieir livelihoods because of closure “of factories.

Question 8.
If you read the story in the News of India, what would you think about the issue?
Answer:
The government’s decision about closure of factories is apt because it would reduce the pollution. The angry owners and workers protest the decision and cause unrest.

Question 9.
Do you think it is important to know both sides of the story?
Answer:
It is important to know both sides of the story because only then we shall be able to develop our own views and give judgements

Question 10.
What is the consequence of the Media, “setting the agenda by reporting on the fashion week rather than the slum demolitions?”
Answer:
By report on the fashion week, the media will attract more readers and they will earn more money.

Question 11.
Can you think of an issue that does not seem important to you because it is never featured in the media?
Answer:
Inflationary prices of essential commodities.

HBSE 7th Class Civics Understanding Media Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is media?
Answer:
All means of communication are collectively referred to as media.

Question 2.
Why are newspapers called print media?
Answer:
The newspapers are called print media, because these newspapers use print technology in reporting their news, etc.

Question 3.
What is censorship?
Answer:
When the government prevents media from making a news or programme or their parts public it is called censorship.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is a balanced report? What is the basic requirement of a balanced report?
Answer:
A balanced report is one which discusses all points of view of a particular story and then leaves it to readers to make up their mind.
The basic requirement of a balanced report is an independent media. No one should tell the media what is to be included and what should not be included in the report.

Question 2.
Why are most newspapers not able to provide a balanced story before the readers?
Answer:
Most newspapes are not able to provide a balanced story before readers because most of media are controlled by big business houses in India. Many business houses, provide advertisement to the newspapers. How can they publish anything against them when they run at their expenses.

Question 3.
How can the credibility of the media be maintained?
Answer:
The credibility of media can be maintained if. media does not resort to unethical means for raising its circulation. Media should not try to make money through a sting operation. The media should also not conduct trials and pronounce people guilty or innocent since it is not their job.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is the role of TV in our lives?
Answer:
(i) At present we can not imagine our lives without TV. It has made us the members of the world community.
(ii) It allows us to view news and entertainment channels across the world through satellites and cables.
(iii) We can see live telecast of any event, natural calamities, etc., happening in one corner while sitting in other corner of the world.
Thus, the TV has changed the world into a small village.

Understanding Media Class 7 HBSE Notes

• Publish: This refers to news-reports, articles, interviews, stories, etc. that are printed in newspapers, magazines and books for a wide audience to read.
• Censorship: This refers to the powers that government has to disallow media from publishing or showing certain stories.
• Broadcast: This, here, refers to a TV or radio programme that is widely transmitted.
• Public Protest: When a large number of people come together and openly state their opposition to some issue. Organizing a rally, starting a signature campaign, blocking roads, etc. are some of the ways in which this is done.
• Media: Media is the plural form of medium which means ways through which the issues are published and propagated through various means, like newspapers, magazines, radio, television, periodicals, internet satellites, etc.

Haryana State Board HBSE 7th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 5 Women Change the World Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 7th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 5 Women Change the World

HBSE 7th Class Civics Women Change the World Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
How do you think stereotypes about what women can or cannot do, affect women’s right to equality?
Answer:
The stereotypes affect the right to equality for women. It is because of this that women are called inferior to men. Many girls do not get the same support that the boys do to study and get trained to become doctors and engineers. Once the girls finish school, they get married. Such stereotypes and beliefs from society should be abondoned.

Question 2.
List one reason why learning the alphabet was so important to women like Rashundari Devi, Ramabai, and Rokeya?
Answer:
Learning the alphabet is so important to women like Rashundari Devi, Ramabai, and Rokeya because they could share their ideology with society through their writing. In their writings, they imagined new ways of thinking and living for both men and women.

Question 3.
“Poor girls drop out of school because they are not interested in getting an education.” Re-read the last paragraph on page 92 and explain why this statement is not true?
Answer:
The above statement does not hold true because of the following reasons:

• There are no facilities in rural areas, especially in Adiwasi areas.
• Schools are not close to people’s homes and there is no transport facility like buses or vans. So parents may avoid sending girls to school.
• Some families are so poor that they cannot afford to send all their children to school. The poor families prefer to send boys to school.

Question 4.
Can you describe two methods of struggle that the women’s movements used to raise issues? If you had to struggle against stereotypes about what women can or cannot do, what method would you employ from the ones that you have read about? Why would you choose this particular method?
Answer:
The two methods of struggle that the woman’s movement used to raise issues are:
(i) Protesting: The women’s movement raises its voice when violations against women take place.
For example: When a law or policy acts against women’s interests.

(ii) Raising Awareness in society:
The important part of women’s movements work is to raise public awareness of women’s .rights issues. Raising public awareness is one of the bet methods to organise a struggle against stereotypes. We have chosen this method because it massage can spread through street plays, songs, and public meetings.

Question 5.

(i) What percentage of children leave school at the elementary level?
Answer:
52%

(ii) At which level of education do you see the highest percentage of children leaving?
Answer:
At secondary level (63%)

(iii) Why do you think that the percentage of Adivasi girls and boys leaving school is higher than that of any other group?
Answer:
The percentage of Adivasi girls and boys leaving school is higher than that of any other group because
(a) There are very few proper school or teachers who teach on a regular basis.
(b) Many of them are too poor to send their children to school.

Question 6.
From the given table, convert the figures of so. primary class children who leave school into a bar diagram.
Answer:

HBSE 7th Class Civics Women Change the World Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Who is the first woman engine driver for Northern Railways?
Answer:
Laxmi Lakra, from a poor tribal family in Jharkhand is the first woman engine driver for Northern Railways.

Question 2.
What roles did women use to play in the pottery trade in the past?
Answer:
Women used to fetch the right quality mud and prepare the earthen pots in the pottery trade in the past.

Question 3.
Where did Ramahai set up her mission?
Answer:
Ramabai set her mission in Khelgaon near Pune.

Question 4.
Which is the first known autobiography written by an Indian woman?
Answer:
Amar Jiban is the first known autobiography written by Rashsundari Devi; an Indian woman writer.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What do you mean by Census?
Answer:
(i) Census is a survey of counting the whole population of the country by government every ten years.
(ii) Through it, the important informations in detail are also gathered about the people living in the country. For example, their age, sex, schooling (education), occupations, etc.

Question 2.
What led the government to pass a law to protect the women When was the law passed? Write about the law.
Answer:
(a) The women’s campaigns led the government to pass a new law in 2006.
(b) The law is for the protection of women against domestic violence. It gives legal protection to women who face physical and mental violence within their home.

Question 3.
What were new ideas emerged in the 19th century?
Answer:
(a) There were new ideas about education and learning that emerged in the 19th century.
(b) Schools were opened here and there.
(c) The people or communities who didn’t know reading and writing began sending their children to schools.

Question 4.
What did Rashsundari Devi give the world through her writing and in what situation?
Answer:
(a) Through her writing Rashusundari Devi gave the world an opportunity to read about the lives of women she experienced in those days.
(b) She wrote about her everyday life in a situation when she did not have a moment to rest, even to sit down and eat.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
In which sphere of life the conditions of women and girls have improved and why?
Answer:
The conditions of women and girls have improved in the following sphere of lives:
(а) At present, women and girls have the right to study and freedom to go to school, which in the past they didn’t have.
(b) They are legally protected by many laws made by the government like Dowry Act, Right of inheritance of parental and husband’s property.
(c) They are provided protection against the domestic violence and sexual harassment at the work placb and in the educational institution, and
(d) Their health conditions have also improved. These improvements could be achieved because of their individual and collective struggles over a long period of time.

Women Change the World Class 7 HBSE Notes

• Stereotype: When we believe that people belonging to particular groups based on religion, wealth, language are bound to have certain fixed characteristics or can only do a certain type of work we create stereotypes.
• Discrimination: When we do not track people equally or with respect, we are indulging in discrimination. It happens when people or organizations act on their prejudices.
• Violations: When someone forcefully breaks the law or a rule or openly shows disrespect, we can say that he or she has committed a violation.
• Sexual Harassment: This refers to physical or verbal behaviour that is of sexual nature and against the wishes of a woman.

Haryana State Board HBSE 7th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 4 Growing up as Boys and Girls Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 7th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 4 Growing up as Boys and Girls

HBSE 7th Class Civics Growing up as Boys and Girls Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Are the statements given alongside true or false? Support your answer with the use of an example.
(a) All societies do not think similarly about the roles that boys and girls play.
(b) Our society does not make distinctions between boys and girls when they are growing up.
(c) Women who stay at home do not work.
(d) The work that women do is less valued than that of men.
Answer:
(a) True.
The way children grow in Madhya Pradesh and in Samoa is not the same.

(b) False.
Girls are discriminated against in their day-to-day, life against boys.

(c) False.
They do most of the household chores which involve physical strengths.

(d) True
Although it is a negative aspect it is prevalent in our society. We have a common notion that the household work women do is less paid for.

Question 2.
Housework is invisible and unpaid work. Housework is physically demanding housework is time-consuming. Write in your own words what is meant by the terms ‘invisible’, ‘physically demanding’, and ‘ time-consuming? Give one example of each based on household tasks undertaken by women in your home.
Answer:
‘Invisible’, here, means that the work done by women is devalued when it is not paid for because their physical and emotional stress is not recognized.

‘Physically demanding1 means that more labour is required to do household jobs than other work, technical or mechanical.

‘Time consuming1 means that household work requires a lot of time. Most-of her time is consumed in these activities and less time is left for herself or to relax.

Question 3.
If you have someone working k.s domestic help in your house or locality talk to her and find out a little bit more about her life. Who are her family members? Where is her home? How many hours does she work? How much is she paid? Write a small story based on these details.
Answer:
Yes, I know,Mr. Kanta Devi who is working as a domestic help in our locaiity. She does a lot of work-sweeping, cleaning, washing clothes, cooking food and looking after young children. Her family members living in jhuggi jhopari area near Yamuna river. She has two daughters and a son. She is a widow. She works at least 6 to 8 hours in a house where she is taking job. She gets very low salary approximate? 1,500 per month.

Question 4.
Make a list of toys and games that boys typically play and another of girls. List there is difference between these two lists. Can you think of some reasons why this is so? Does that have any relationship to the roles children have to play as adults?
Answer:
Toys and Games

These toys and games offered to boys and girls become a way of telling children that they will have different features when they become men
and women. This also reflects the difference in respect of physical strength and stamina alongwith influence of the society.

EXRCISE

Question 1.

The given picture relates to Samoan child in his school uniform. In what ways do the experience of Samoan children and teenagers differ from your own experiences of growing up? Is there anything in this experience that you wish was part of your growing up?
Answer:

Yes, I wish that we should be given experience of practical life alongwith the school activities.

Question 2.

Why do girls like to go to school together in groups?
Answer:
Girls like to go to school together in groups because:
(а) They have a fear of being teased or attacked if they walk alone.
(б) They feel more secure and safe if they walk in groups.

Question 3.
Were Harmeet and Shonali correct in saying that Harmeet’s mother did not work?
Answer:
Harmeet and Shonali are not correct in saying that Harmeet’s mother did not work because
(a) She is a housewife and the household work is a full-day job.
(b) Her work is taxing and time-consuming.
(c) If she does not work, everything in the house will be in chaos.

Question 4.
What do you think would happen if your mother or those involved in doing the work at home went on a strike for a day?
Answer:
If my mother or those involved in doing work at home went on a strike for a day, the whole house would turn into a chaos. The men of the house would’nt be able to manage it.

Question 5.
Why do you think that men and boys generally do not do house work? Do you think they should?
Answer:
Men and boys generally do not do house work because:
(a) In our society, it is believed that household work is the respohsibility of women of the house.
(b) They are brought up like that and are not given training of any household work from the beginning.

Yes, I think they should also do household because:
(i) In case, women go out to work, they can manage house
(ii) Household work is a joint responsibility.

Question 6.
Below is some data from a special study done by the central statistical organization of India (1998-99).

Study the table given above and answer the related questions.

(а) What are the total number of work hours spent by women in Haryana and Tamil Nadu each week?
Answer:
Total number of work hours spent by women in Haryana is 53 and in Tamil Nadu 44 in a week.

(b) How does this compare with the total number of work hours spent by men?
Answer:
The number of workhours spent by men in Haryana are 40 and in Tamil Nadu 44 in a week.
In Haryana women spend more hours on work than men.
Men spend only 5 percent of their total hours of work in household.

Question 7.
What do you think this poster is trying to say?

Answer:
This poster is trying to highlight the importance of women in household and in the lives of men. The women should also be given their place of dignity and equality in society.

Question 8.
This poster was created by ^omen’s groups in Bengal. Can you write an interesting slogan for the poster?

Answer:
Women the Divine Power.

HBSE 7th Class Civics Growing up as Boys and Girls Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Where are the Samoan Island situated?
Answer:
The Samoan Islands are situated in the Southern Pacific Ocean.

Question 2.
What are the main work of Samoan people?
Answer:
The main work of the Samoan people are fishing and planting coconuts.

Question 3.
How do societies make distinction between boys and girls in their early age?
Answer:
The boys and girls are given different toys such as car and doll to play with in their young age.

Question 4.
To whom the main responsibility for housework is given?
Answer:
The main responsibility for housework is given to women.

Question 5.
Who is Mangala?
Answer:
Mangala is a domestic helper in the house of Harmeet.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write a brief note on the life of Samon Children.
Answer:
(i) The Samoan children did not go to school.
(ii) They learnt to take care of children and do house work.
(iii) They learnt to undertake fishing.

Question 2.
For what purpose the boys did use the street?
Answer:
The boys used the street as a place to stand around idling, to play, to try out tricks with their bicycles.

Question 3.
Did Shalini not work all the day and not deserve to be treated with some respect?
Answer:
(i) Shalini worked all the day starting from five in the morning till late in the night.
(ii) She deserved to be treated with some respect.

Question 4.
What has the Government done for girls to attend school and the women to work outside the home?
Answer:
The Government has setup ‘anganwadis’ or childcare centre by passing laws to provide creche facilities.
(a) Creche is a day nursery for children when their parents are at work.
(b) Thus, the provision of creches helps women to work outside the home. It also provide opportunity to more girls to attend school.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What tasks does the housework involve in rural and urban areas?
Answer:
The housework involves the following tasks:
In rural areas women and girls carry heavy loads of firewood. They wash cloths and dishes, sweep and clean floors. They also pick up loads which require bending, lifting and carrying. They also cook food by standing for long hours in front of hot stoves both in rural and urban areas. They take care of children, old and sick people at home.

Question 2.
What did Shalini say about her experience of working in Delhi?
Answer:
(i) Shalini said that her Memsahib always shouted to get work done.
(ii) I started my work at 5 o’clock in the kitchen.
(iii) I was given a cup of tea and two dry rotis and never could get third roti in the breakfast.
(iv) I took an extra roti secretly in the evening.
(v) I could not wear chappals in the house. As a result, my feet would swell up in the winter.

Growing up as Boys and Girls Class 7 HBSE Notes

• Care-giving: Caregiving refers to a range of tasks related to looking after and nurturing. Besides physical looks, they also involve a strong emotional aspect.
• Devalued: When someone is not given due recognition for a task or a job they have done, they can feel devalued.
• Double Burden: Literally means double load. This term is commonly used to describe women’s work situations. It has emerged from a recognition that women typically labour both inside the house and outside.
• Identity: Identity is a sense of self-awareness of who one is.

Haryana State Board HBSE 7th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 3 How the State Government Works Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 7th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 3 How the State Government Works

HBSE 7th Class Civics How the State Government Works Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Use the terms ‘constituency’ and ‘represent’ to explain who an MLA is and how is the person elected?
Answer:
An MLA (Member of the Legislative Assembly) is a person affiliated with a political party.
A person is elected an MLA in the following manner:
(i) Every state is divided into different areas of constituencies.
(ii) The elections are held in each constituency.
(iii) All the adults above 18 years of age can vote.
(iv) The person who get the maximum votes is elected.
From each constituency people elect one representative who then becomes an MLA.

Question 2.
How did some MLA’s become ministers?
Answer:
(i ) After the elections, the party which obtains more than 50 percent of total seats is an Assembly is termed as the ruling party.
(ii) The members of the ruling party choose their leader who becomes the Chief Minister. The Governor gives oath to the Chief Minister.
(iii) The Chief Minister then nominates people as ministers from the ruling party or from outside.
(iv) The Governor of the states appoints them as ministers and gives oath to them.

Question 3.
Why should decisions taken by the Chief Minister and other ministers be debated in the Legislative Assembly?
Answer:
The decisions taken by the Chief Minister and other ministers should be debated in the Legislative Assembly because of the following reasons :
(i) MLA’s can express their opinion and ask questions related to the issues or give suggestions about what should be done by the government to implement policies for the peoples and . the state.
(ii) Adverse points in the decisions can be deleted.

Question 4.
What was the problem in Patal Puram? What discussion/action was taken by the following. Fill in the table.

Answer:
Patalpuram was facing the problem of shortage of water and sanitation which had caused diarrhoea in the city.
(i) Public Meeting: Meeting, people raised voice to bring sanitation in the area and control diarrhoea.
(ii) Legislative Assembly : The discussion based on bad conditions in hospital, shortage of water, proper doctors in Patalpuram.
(iii) Press Conference : The health ; minister explained the steps taken by the government to check diarrohea and supply safe drinking water.
(iv) Chief Minister : Chief Minister explained the residents of Patalpuram that the due compensation would be given to the kins of the dead.

Question 5.
What is the difference between the work that MLAs do in the Assembly and the work done by the government department?
Answer:
An MLA works for the welfare of his people and is even responsible for wrong doings. > MLA’s raise the issue in the Assembly and want solution to the problems facing the masses. Government departments make laws. The various government departments also implement these laws.

EXRCISE

Question 1.
(i) What is happening in Patalpuram?
(ii) Why is this problem serious?
(iii) What action do you think can be taken in above situations and who do you think should take the action? ‘ .
Answer:
(i) The district headquarter of Patalpuram was facing the problem of shortage of water and sanitation.
(ii) This problem was serious because a large number of people were facing the problem of acute diarrhoea.
(iii) The municipal committee should take immediate actions with the help of state governments to control the situation.

Question 2.
Write two measures that the government undertook for controlling diarrhoea.
Answer:
The government undertook the following measures for controlling garbage :
(a) Removal of garbage,
(b) Arrangement of drinking water through tanker trucks.

Question 3.
What is the purpose of a press conference? How does the press conference help you get information on what the government is doing?
Ans.
The purpose of press conference is to hear about or ask questions on a particular issue about the steps. The data collected by press conference is printed in newspapers for the common people.

Question 4.
M. times, the ruling party may not be a single party but a group of parties working together. This is called a coalition. Discuss with your teacher.
Answer:
The coalition is formed by two of more parties coming together. The parties come together and elect their leader. The governor appoints their leader as CM. The coalition party prepares a Common Minimum Programme and f execute the programme during the period for which coalition is formed.

Question 5.
What were the main arguments put forward by different MLAs who thought that the government was not taking the situation in a serious manner and what were the opposition party.
Answer:
Debate : Opposition Party MLA, 1 put forward the problem of diarrhoea in his constituency of Akhandagaon. He wanted to draw the attention of minister to solve the problem.

MLA 2 (Opposition Party): Commented upon the bad situation of hospitals. He wanted to know about the government plans to control the epidemics.

MLA 3 (Opposition Party): Belonged to the constituency of Tolpatti which faced a serious shortage of water. He wanted to confirm if the government is taking actions to clean and disinfect the wells and ponds.

MLA 4 (Ruling Party) : However, supported the government telling that water tankers have been put into service and ORS packets were distributed.

MLA 5 (Opposition Party): Commented upon the bad deteriorating situation in hospitals.

MLA 6 (Ruling Party): Told about the negligence of the previous party and actions being taken by the ruling party to clear the garbage.

Question 6.
If you were the health minister, how would you respond to the above discussion?
Answer:

• I would have taken the immediate action to solve, the problem in each area.
• I would have started special doctors and started the mobile health care vans with all the necessary equipment.

Question 7.
Do you think the above debate would have been useful in some ways? How? Discuss.
Answer:
Yes, because it has brought forward many issues concerning public wealth made the health minister aware about the serious situation and immediate need of the hour.

Question 8.
In the working of the government, explains the difference being on MLA and an MLA who is also a minister.
Answer:
An MLA highlights some issues in the assembly and can suggest some solutions. An MLA who is a minister takes the decision and implements it.

HBSE 7th Class Civics How the State Government Works Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What do you mean by MLA?
Answer:
The members of legislative assembly is called MLA.

Question 2.
Who becomes the Chief Minister of a State?
Answer:
The leader of the majority party becomes the Chief Minister of a State.

Question 3.
What does the word ‘government’ refer to?
Answer:
The word ‘government’ refers to the government departments and the various ministers who head them.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is a Legislative Assembly?
Answer:
A Legislative Assembly is a place where all the MLAs, whether from the ruling party or from the opposition meet to discuss issues/problems of urgent needs, a bill introduced for making law, etc. .

Question 2.
Who takes decisions and run the government in a State?
Answer:
(a) The Chief Minister and other Ministers take decisions on behalf of the government in the State.
(b) The Chief Minister alongwith his Council of Ministers implements the programmes of the Government and thus run the Government.

Question 3.
What is legislative and what does it do?
Answer:
(a) All the MLAs in the legislative assembly together constitute the legislature.
(b) They take part in debate, approve the policy and programmes of the government and supervise the actions taken of the gdMemment outside the assembly.

Question 4.
What is relation between law, the Legislative Assembly and the government?
Answer:
(i) Any bill introduced in the Legislative Assembly when is passed by majority of the MLAs is called law.
(ii) A law made by the State Legislative Assembly is enforced in the State by the Government of the State.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write a brief note on a debate held in the Legislative Assembly of a State?
Answer:
(a) A debate can be held in a Legislative Assembly on a specific problem of urgent food.
(b) During the debate, MLAs express their opinion and ask questions related to the issue.
(c) They also give suggestions about what should be done by the government.
(d) The concerned minister replies to the questions. He/She also tries to assure the Assembly that adequate steps are being taken.

Question 2.
Write about the democratic process adopted for the formation of Government in a State.
Answer:
(a) It is the democracy through which the people of 18 years and above elect their representatives as the members of legislative assembly (MLAs).
(b) The MLAs of the majority party elect their leader who is appointed the Chief Minister of the State by the Governor.
(c) The Ghief Minister selects some MLAs to head different departments/ministeries and they are appointed as ministers by the Governor of the State.
Thus, a Government is formed in a State by democratic process.

How the State Government Works Class 7 HBSE Notes

• Constituency: A particular area from which all the voters living there choose their representatives. For example, a panchayat ward or an area that chooses an MLA.
• Majority: Majority is a situation when more than half the number in a group supports a decision or an idea. This is also called a simple majority.
• Opposition: This refers to elect representatives who are not members of the ruling party and who play the role on questioning government decisions and actions as well as raising new issues for consideration in the Assembly.
• Press Conference: A gathering of journalists from the media who are invited to hear about and ask questions on a particular issue and are then expected to report On this to the larger public.
• Epidemic: A disease that attacks a large number of people in an area at the same time is called an epidemic.
• Ruling Party: The political party which has more than 50 percent of the total representatives in Panchayat, Corporation, Assembly, or Parliament is known as the Ruling Party.

Haryana State Board HBSE 7th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 2 Role of the Government in Health Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 7th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 2 Role of the Government in Health

HBSE 7th Class Civics Role of the Government in Health Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
In this chapter, you have read that health is a wider concept than illness. Look at this quote from the Constitution and explain the terms ‘living standard’ and ‘public health’ in your own words.

An important part of the Constitution says it is the duty of the state to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health.
Answer:
Living Standard:
It refers to the standard of living enjoyed by the people in reference to the facilities provided by the government or family. It also refers to the status earned by the people.

Public Health:
‘Public Health’ refers to the provision of quality healthcare services either free or at low cost by the government. It also includes the actions to prevent the spread of diseases such as TB, Jaundice and Malaria among public.

Question 2.
What are the different ways through which the government can take steps to provide healthcare for all? Discuss.
Answer:The different ways in which
government can take steps to provide health care for all are:
(a) opening of primary health centres, dispensaries and family welfare centres.
(b) prevention of spread of diseases.
(c) making provisions to deal with emergency or epidemics.
(d) provision of cheaper health-services for the poor.

Question 3.
What difference do you find between private and public health service in your area? Use the following table to compare and contrast these.

Answer:

Question 4.
“Improvement in water and sanitation can control many diseases.” Explain with the help of example.
Answer:
Lack of clean water and sanitation is the second most important risk factor for the occurrence of diseases after malnutrition.
(i) Consumption of contaminated water causes many water-borne diseases such as typhoid, cholera, dysentery, diarrhoea.
(ii) Many vector-borne diseases like malaria, Japanese encephalities are caused due to dirty and stagnant water.
So, improvement in water and sanitation can control many diseases.

The Story Of Hakim Sheik

Hakim Sheik was a member of the Paschim Banga Khet Mazdoor Samity (PBKMS), an organisation of agricultural labourers in West Bengal. One evening in 1992, he accidentally fell off a running train and suffered head injuries. He was in ci very serious condition and needed immediate treatment.

He was taken to a government hospital in Kolkata but they refused to admit him because they did not have a spare bed. Another hospital did not have the facility or the specialised doctors necessary for his treatment. In this way he spent 14 hours in a critical state and was taken to eight different government hospitals, but none of them admitted him.

Finally, he was admitted in a private hospital, where he. received treatment. He spent a lot of money on his treatment. Angry and upset over the indifferent attitude of all the hospitals that refused to admit him., Hakim Sheik and PBKMS filed a case in the court.

Question 1.
Read the story given above. Then imagine that you are a judge in the country. What would you say to Hakim Sheik?
Answer:
Being a judge, I would give a fair judgement in Hakim Sheik’s case. He would be granted due compensation. The doctors of government hospitals will be punished for dereliction of duty.

Question 2.
What problems did Aman face in the public hospital? How do you think the hospital can work in a better manner? Discuss.
Answer:
Aman faced the following problems in the public hospitals:
(а) Long queue at the OPD counter.
(b) Great such at the test centre.
(c) Change of doctor, the whole treatment not by the same doctor.
(d) Non-availability of medicines.

Question 3.
What problems do we face in private hospitals? Discuss.
Answer:
(i) India has the largest number of medical colleges in the world.
(ii) It is among the largest producers of doctors.
(iii) Healthcare facilities have grown substantially over the years.
(iv) India gets a large number of medical tourists from many countries.
(v) India is the fourth largest producer of medicine in the word.

Question 4.
In India, it is often said that we are unable to provide health services for all because the government does not have enough money and facilities. After reading the above left hand columns, do you think this is true? Discuss.

Answer:
It is not true because after reading the left hand column, we come to know:
(i) India has the largest number of medical colleges in the world.
(ii) It is among the largest producers of doctors.
(iii) Healthcare facilities have grown substantially over the years.
(iv) India gets a large number of medical tourists from many countries.
(v) India is the fourth largest producer of medicine in the word.

Question 5.
Private health facilities can mean many things. Explain with the help of some examples from your area.
Answer:
Private health facilties can mean many things. Today these facilities or clinics are run by big companies. Such companies are run by many businesses, associated with these centres. For example, some facilities of medicines, pathology, X-ray, ultrasound are associated with these facilities. Sometimes Answer:The problem faced in private hospitals are:
(а) High cost of treatment.
(b) The doctors prescribe more tests than required that include high costs.
big business houses also have medical facilities associated with them.

Question 6.
Would you associate all or some of these picture (shown on the textbook page 19) with ‘health’?
Answer:
Some of the pictures given on textbook page 19 associated with the health are:
(а) On the top, van with cross sign is in a rural area (i.e. village). Government sends mobile health centre in the form of a van with emergency health service facilities. The doctors and nurses go along with this van in villages, and check the ill people and also treat them by giving medicines.
(b) Some doctors are shown in operation theater operating a patient. These doctors are taking care of the health problems of the patient.

Question 7.
Pick two situations from the collage (shown on page 19) that are not related to illness and write two sentences on how they are related to
health.
Answer:
(i) A woman having two earthen pots on her head is going to fetch water. The women like her, collect water from other open water wells. The water so collected is not clean and creates health problems.
(ii) Two garbage Containers are shown kept in front of the houses in a slum. The containers are used to put in all types of wastes even rotten food particles. The house flies sitting on these wastes carry pathogenic germs to our eatables, as a result we become ill.

Question 8.
(i) Can you provide a title to these columns (given on the textbook page 20)?
Answer:
Titles:
(i) Left hand column: Progress of Health Care System in India
(ii) Right hand column: Paradox of Health Care Progress
(iii) In India, it is often said that we are unable to provide health services for all because the government does not have enough money and facilities. After reading the above left hand column. (see textbook page 20), do you think this is true? Discuss.
Answer:
Yes. It is true that India has progressed a lot in healthcare system since independece.
(a) The healthcare facilities we had in 1950, were insufficient for the population.
(b) Even today when infrastructure of healthcare has developed and increased tremendously, it does not saturate the needs of our growing population.
(c) Our healthcare system in the rural areas is not in a state of meeting the needs of the people.
(d) There is shortage of government hospitals and healthcare centres in the rural area. Even in the cities, we can observe queue of patients.
(v) India is investing on healthcare even less than the average of South Asian countries.

Question 9.
Read the story given (on textbook page 21). Then imagine that you are a Judge in the court. What would you say to Hakim Sheik?
Answer:
(i) This is the fault of our government hospital healthcare services.
(ii) The head of said hospitals would be called upon and asked why Hakin Sheik was refused the admission and treatment.
(iii) This is a fault on the part of the government and for that it will have to compensate Hakim Sheik for the amount that he spent in private hospital on his treatment.

Question 10.
(i) Why did Ranjan have to spend so much money? Give reasons.
Answer:
(a) Ranjan had to spend so much money to make use of the facilities available in private hospitals.
(b) By spending so much money, he saved his time and went through the easy process of treatment.

(ii) What problem did Aman face in the public hospital?
Answer:
(a) Aman had to wait in a long queue at the OPD counter and blood testing room.
(b) He got the blood test results after three days and then went back to the hospital to consult the doctor.
Thus, he faced lot of hardship in the hospital.

(iii) How do you think the hospital can work in a better manner? Discuss.
Answer:
If the number of counters and doctors will be raised and the management of some of its services like cleanliness (safai) and diagnostic tests such as blood tests, stool and urine tests, x-ray, ultrasound, etc. are handed over to the private bodies, the hospital can work in a better manner.

(iv) Where do you go when you are ill? Are there any problems that you face? Write a paragraph based on your experience.
Answer:
(a) We go to the doctoer when we are ill.
(b) Yes.
(c) First problem we face is to wait for long hours in queue for registration. There after, we have to stand in queue to see the dogtor.
After checking doctor advice a number of tests like ECG, blood, urine, x-ray, etc. which cost a lot not only in terms of money but also in terms of time because there is another queue for these tests and their reports.

(v) What problems do we face in private hospitals? Discuss.
Answer:
(a) We have to pay a lot of money for every service that we use in private hospitals.
(b) Sometimes doctors advise costly tests which are not required for the diagnosis.

Question 11.
The inside back cover (cover three) of this book has a map of India. Using your pencil outline the state of Kerala on this way. (NCERT Page 28)
Answer:
(Hints: Here is a guideline for students to do this question. Take a butter paper. Put it on the map of India given on the back cover of this book. With the help of pencil outline the state of Kerala alongwith outer boundary of India on the butter paper and attach it with your answer sheet.)

Question 12.
(i) In what ways is the public health system meant for everyone?
Answer:
(a) According to our Constitution, it is the primary duty of the government to provide health care facilities to all. The government has to safeguard the Right to Life of every person as ensured in the constitution under Fundamental Rights.
(b) So, public health system has to provide medical facilities to all, from poors to rich, domestic worker to the Prime Minister of the country without any discrimination.

(ii) List some public health centres (PHCs) or hospitals near your place. From your experience (or by visiting any one of them), find out the facilities provided and people who run the centre.
Answer:
(Hints: Students do this themselves, but for their guidance a description is given below)
Facilities: I visited Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital. It is run by the Central Government. At present, it is the most clean government hospital in Delhi with a lot of facilities such as-computerised counters for registration for different types of treatment, seating arrangement types of treatment, seating arrangement for the visitors, doctor’s rest room, etc. Most of the tests are conducted in the hospitals.

HBSE 7th Class Civics Role of the Government in Health Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is health?
Answer:
Health means our ability to remain free from physical illness and injuries. It also includes mental health.

Question 2.
What are communicable diseases?
Answer:
Communicable diseases refer to those diseases that spread from one person to another in many ways such as through water, food and air etc.

Question 3.
Why did Ranjan have to spend so much money on his treatment? Give reasons.
Answer:
Ranjan had to spend so much money on his treatment because he was admitted in a private hospital where the cost of treatment is very high.

Question 4.
What do you understand by ‘Right to Life’?
Answer:
‘Right to Life’ means every individual has the right to live a meaningful and dignified life with basic facilities like food, shelter, clothing and education.

Question 5.
Which organisation in responsible for policy making on healthcare in India?
Answer:
The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare is responsible for formulating policy on healthcare in India.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are the main centres for healthcare facilities and who are the persons associated with him?
Answer:
The main centres for healthcare facilities in India are:
(a) health centres
(b) hospitals
(c) pathological laboratories
(d) blood banks.
The persons associated with these centres are: nurses, health workers, doctors. They can treat, advise and dignose illness.

Question 2.
Describe the work of Medical Council of India.
Answer:
The main functions of Medical Council of India are:
(a) maintenance of uniform and high standards of medical education in India.
(b) registration of medical practitioner.
(c) monitoring of medical practice in the country.
(d) granting recognition of medical qualifications.

Question 3.
What do you understand by ‘medical ethics’?
Answer:
Medical ethics refer to the values that guide medical professional. Such values refer to the honesty, justice, dignity of work practised by medical practitioners.

Question 4.
What are the private health services available in our country?
Answer:
(i) In urban areas, many doctors run their private clinics.
(ii) Some hospitals and nursing homes are privately owned.
(iii) There are pathological laboratories which do tests and offer facilities like X-ray and Ultrasound.
(iv) There are also private chemist shops from where we buy medicines.

Question 5.
Indian doctors do not prefer to work in India, even if they get their education here?
Answer:
Indian doctors prefer to work abroad because:
(i) They get better professional opportunities and research opportunities.
(ii) They get better material benefits for their services.
(iii) Doctors are less professionally discriminated against in other countries.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Comment on the policy of Kerala Government in 1996 towards healthcare services.
Answer:
Some major changes introduced by Kerala Government in 1996 are:
(i) 40% of the entire state budget was given to panchayats.
(ii) The villages could now make proper planning for water, food, women’s development and education.
(iii) Health centres were improved.
(iv) The working of schools and anganwadi was ensured.
(v) Water supply schemes were checked to ensure good health.
Though the situation improved yet there were loopholes like shortage of medicines, insufficient hospital beds and less than required number of doctors.

Question 2.
Why healthcare services available equally to all in India? What can be done to remove inequalities in healthcare services?
Answer:
Healthcare services are not available equally to all in India because:
(i) More and more healthcare services are privatised now and they are concentrated in urban areas.
(ii) These services are run for profit and they use modern facilities but they are not affordable by all.
(iii) The poor people are unable to use them.
(iv) Very less percentage of the population can afford medicines required during illness.
(v) The poor people visit government hospitals during sickness which are poorly maintained.

To remove inequalities in healthcare, services:
(a) The government should provide healthcare services to all citizens, especially the poor and the disadvantaged.
(b) The government should improve the basin health condition and sanitation conditions of the people so that diseases do not spread.

Question 3.
Describe the drawbacks of India’s rural healthcare system. What can be done to improve India’s rural healthcare them?
Answer:
The basic drawback of India’s rural healthcare system are:
(a) Lack of specialist doctors.
(b) Lack of modem machines and medical tools.
(c) The local villagers who study medicine prefer to work in city.

To improve India’s rural healthcare system:
(а) The government should increase awareness among rural people about sanitation and healthy environment.
(b) More medical camps should be organised.
(c) The skilled doctors should be given incentives to open clinics in villages.
(d) Provisions of medical facilities even given in small villages.

Role of the Government in Health Class 7 HBSE Notes

• Public: An activity or service that is meant for all people in the country and is mainly organised by the government. For example schools, hospitals, telephone services.
• Private: An activity or service that is organized by an individual or company for their own profit.
• Medical Tourists: This refers to foreigners who come to this country specifically for medical treatment at hospitals that offer world-class facilities at a lower cost than what they would have to pay in their own countries.
• Communicable Diseases: These are diseases that are spread from one person to another in many ways such as through water, foods, air, etc.
• OPD: This is the short form for ‘Out-Patient Department.’ This is where people are first brought in and treated in a hospital without being admitted to any special ward.

Haryana State Board HBSE 7th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 1 On Equality Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 7th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 1 On Equality

HBSE 7th Class Civics On Equality Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Do you think Kanta has enough reason to doubt whether she really is equal? List three reasons from the story above that might make her feel like this?
Answer:
Yes, the poverty of Kanta makes her feel that she is not equal. This is because of the following reasons:
(i) Kanta cannot take a day off from work when she needs to.
(ii) She cannot attend a good private hospital but has to attend a government hospital where most people standing are poor.
(iii) She lives in a dirty slum and not in a clean area.

Question 2.

Circle the reference to caste in the matrimonial advertisements given above.
Answer:
(i) Caste no bar
(ii) Gupta Boy
(iii) Tamil Brahmin.

Question 3.
Why do you think Om Prakash Valmiki was being treated unequally by his teacher and his classmates? Imagine yourself as Om Prakash Valmiki and write four lines about how you would feel if you were in the same situation as him.
Answer:
Om Prakash Valmiki was treated unequally by his teacher and his classmates because he was a Dalit boy and was hence seriously discriminated against. He was considered to be of low caste and hence assigned menial task of sweeping.

If I would have been Om Prakash Valmiki, I would have felt really sad and pensive over the injust treatment given to me. I would have felt disappointed and questioned my identity. My dignity would have been violated. I would have faced extreme inequality.

Question 4.
Why do you think the Ansaris were being treated unequally? What would you do if you were in the Ansari’s position and could not find a place to live because some people did not want to live next to you because of the religion you practice.
Answer:
Ansaris were being treated unequally becaqse of their national origin and the religion they practice. They were discriminated against because they belonged to a minority community. If I were in the Ansari’s place, I would have frankly stood out. If the landlord would not have given me the flat on this basis, I would havd narrated the lesson on values. I woulcj have made them understand how all religions lead to one God.

Question 5.
What is the mid-day meal programme? Can you list three benefits of the programme? How do you think this programme might help promote greater equality?
Answer:
(a) Mid-day meal refers to scheme introduced in all government elementary schools to provide children with cooked lunch. Its benefits are:
(i) Poor children have begun enrolling and regularly attending school.
(ii) With this scheme, a poor child’s mother does not have to interrupt work to feed the children at home.
(iii) The mid-day meal scheme also helps reduce the hunger of poor students who often come to school and cannot concentrate because their stomach is empty.

(b) It also helps reduce inequality in the following ways:
(i) It reduces caste prejudices because both lower and upper caste children in the school eat this meal together.
(ii) Dalit women have been employed to cook the meal.

Question 6.
If you were one of the Ansaris how would you have responded to the suggestion that you change your name?
Answer:
I would have vehemently refuted on the decision of changing my identity as that would mean shattering myself respect.

EXERCISES

Question 1.
In a democracy why is universal adult franchise so important?
Answer:
All adults (18 years or above) have the right to vote in the Indian democracy. This aspect is important because it is based on the basic idea of equality. It states that every adult in the country irrespective of their wealth and communities he/she belongs to has one vote.

Question 2.
Re-read the box on Article 15 and state two ways in which the article addresses unequality.
1.The state shall not discriminate against any citizens on grounds only or religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them.
2. No citizen shall on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them be subject to any disability, liability, restriction or condition with regard to.
(a) Access to shops, public restaurants, hotels and places of entertainment.
Or
(b) The use of wells, tanks, bathing ghats, roads and places of public resort maintained wholly or partly out of state funds or dedicated to the use of general experience.
Answer:
There is discrimination in India on basis of sex, race, caste and religion. But our constitution prohibited all these discrimina¬tion. There are also some inequalities even today such.
(a) Gender discrimination.
(b) Discrimination on the basis of caste still prevail in many part of our country.

Question 3.
In what ways was Om Prakash Valmiki’s experience similar to that of the Ansaris?
Answer:
Both of them Om Prakash Valmiki and the Ansaris had to face inequality because of the race or caste they were born in. Both of them faced a violation of human dignity. While Valmiki had to sweep the grounds, Ansaris were no basis ignored when they sought a free apartment.

Question 4.
What do you understand by term, “all persons are equal before the law? Why do you think it is important in a democracy?
Answer:
The statement means that all persons should be treated equally and in the same manner, irrespective of religion, race, caste, gender, sex or any of them it is important. It hence recognises the dignity of all people. This means that every individual in the country including male or female persons from all castes, religions, tribes, educational and economic background as equal.

Question 5.
The government of India passed the Disabilities Act in 1995. This law states that all persons with disabilities have equal rights, and that the government should make possible their full participation in society. The government has to provide free education and integrate children with disabilities into main stream school. This law also states that all public places including buildings, schools etc. should be accessible and provided with ramps.

Look at the photographs and think about the boy who is being carried down the stairs. Do you think the above law is being implemented in his case? What needs to be done to make the building more accessible to him?
Answer:
The Disabilities Act in 1995 is not wholly implemented in the scene as the building is not feasiable for him to walk. Ramp facilities should be provided to the building

for a better view of its construction for disabled or specially abled students. Being carried by a wheelchair may- make him feel insecure. Not only this, it will also affect his security. He will not be given dignity as he would be recognised as unequal in the eyes of others.

HBSE 7th Class Civics On Equality Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is the essential condition for all democracies.
Answer:
Universal adult franchise is an essential condition for all democracies.

Question 2.
Which is one of the most common forms in equality in India.
Answer:
Caste system is one of the most common forms of inequality in India.

Question 3.
What is ‘Joothan’?
Answer:
Joothan is an autobiography of a Dalit writer, Om Prakash Valmiki.

Question 4.
On what idea is the Universal Adult Franchise based.
Answer:
The Universal Adult Franchis is v based on the idea of equality.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What two steps did the government take to implement the equality guaranteed in the constitution.
Answer:
(i) The first step that the government has taken to implement equality is through making the law. For example, there is a law made which declares untouchability as a crime in India.

(ii) Second, the government has set up schemes or programmes to help disadvantaged communities. For example, mid-day meal scheme has been implemented in all government elementary schools.

Question 2.
What did the property dealer tell Mr. and Mrs. Ansari? How did they respond to the property dealer’s suggestion.
Answer:
The property dealer told Mr. and Mrs. Ansari to change their names from Mr. and Mrs. Ansari to Mr. and Mrs. Kumar for finding accomodation in the apartment. But they refused to do this.

Question 3.
How does the government guarantee equality?
Answer:
Equality is guaranteed through:
(i) laws prescribed in the constitution
(ii) government programmes or schemes to the disadvantaged communities.

Question 4.
Explain in detail how laws and schemes have helped recognize equality.
Answer:
(i) There are several laws in India that protect every person’s right to be treated equally.
(ii) The government has also set up several schemes to improve the lives of communities and individuals who have been treated unequally for several centuries.-These schemes are to ensure greater opportunity from disadvantaged people.

Question 5.
When will people be stored treating as equal?
Answer:
When people begin to feel that no one is inferior and that every person deserves to be treated equally with dignity, people x’ would then start treating as equal.

Question 6.
What led to Civil Rights Movement?
Or
Explain in brief the defiant act by Rosa Parks.
Answer:
A refusal to give up her seat for a white man by Rosa Parks started a huge agitation against the unequal ways in which Africans-Americans were treated.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How were the African, Americans treated unequally in the United States of America?
Answer:
The African-Americans were treated unequally in a number of ways.
(i) For example, when travelling by bus, they either had to take the back seats in the bus or get up from their seats whenever a ; white person wished to sit.
(ii) African-American children were not admitted in schools in which white men’s children studied. They attended separate schools specially set up for them.

Question 2.
Lay down the provisions of the constitution that ensure equality.
Answer:
The recognition of equality includes some of the provisions in the constitution.
1. Every person is equal before the law. It means that every person; President or a domestic worker has to obey the same laws.
2. No person can be discriminated against on the basis of their religion, race, caste, place of birth or whether they are male or female.
3. Every person has access to all public places, including playgrounds, hotels, shops and markets. All persons can use publicity available wells, roads and the bathing ghats.
(iv) Untouchability has been abolished.

Question 3.
What is Universal Adult Franchise?
Answer:
1. Universal adult franchise is the essential condition for all democracies.
2. It gives all adult, irrespective of what religion they belong to, how much educated, what caste they are from or whether they are rich or poor, the right to vote.
3. It is based on the principle of equality, i.e., one person one vote, and one vote one value.

Question 4.
Describe the event in Rosa Park’s life that led. to Civil Rights Movement.
Answer:
1. Rosa Parks was an African-American woman.
2. Fixed after a long day at work, she refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white man on 1 December 1955.
3. Her refusal that day started a huge agitation against the unequal ways in which African-Americans were treated. This led to the Civil Rights Movement.

On Equality Class 7 HBSE Notes

• Civil Rights Movement: It is a movement that began in the USA in 1950s in which African-American people demanded equal rights and an end to racial discrimination.
• Constitution: This is a document that lays down basic rules and regulations for people and the government of a country.
• Dalit: ‘So-called lower caste people to use to address themselves. It literally means ‘broken’.
• Democracy: A democracy is a form of government in which people elect their representatives.
• Dignity: This refers to thinking of oneself and other persons as worthy of respect.
• Equality: The act of treating each person in the same manner.
• UAF (Universal Adult Franchise): An important aspect of a democratic society that means all adults (those who are 18 years and above) citizens have the right to vote irrespective of their social and economic backgrounds.

Haryana State Board HBSE 7th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 10 Eighteenth Century Political Formations Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 7th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 10 Eighteenth Century Political Formations

HBSE 7th Class History Eighteenth Century Political Formations Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Match the following:

Answer:

Question 2.
Fill in the blanks:

1. Aurangzeb fought a protracted war in the ……………. .
2. Umara and Jagirdars constituted powerful sections of the Mughals ………….. .
3. Asaf Jah was given charge of the Deccan subedari in …………….. .
4. The founder of the Awadh Nawabi was ………….. .

Answer:

1. Deccan
2. Administration
3. 18th century
4. Burhan-ul-Mulk-Saidat Khan.

Question 3.
State whether true or false:

1. Nadir Shah invaded Bengal.
2. Sawai Raja Jai Singh was the ruler of Indore.
3. Guru Gobind Singh was the tenth Guru of the Sikhs.
4. Poona became the capital of the Marathas in the eighteenth century.

Answer:

1. False
2. False
3. True
4. True.

Question 4.
What were the offices held by Shaidat Khan?
Answer:
Offices held by Shaidat Khan Subedari, Foujdari, Diwani. He was responsible for managing political, financial and military affairs.

LET’S DISCUSS

Question 5.
Why did the Nawabs of Awadh and Bengal try to do away with the Jagirdari system?
Answer:
The Nawabs of Awadh and Bengal tried to do away with the Jagirdari system to reduce the influence of Mughals in their states.

Question 6.
How were the Sikhs organised in the eighteenth century?
Answer:
The following steps were taken by the Sikhs in the eighteenth century to organise themselves:
1. Sikhs organized themselves into a number of bands called jathas and later on misls.
2. They combined their forces which were known as the grand army (dal Khalsa).
3. The entire body used to meet at Amritsar at the time of Baisakhi and Diwali to take collective decisions known “resolutions of the Guru (gurunatas).”
4. Guru Gobind righ organised the Sikhs with the inspiration that their destiny was to rule.
5. The well-knit organization of the Sikhs enabled them to put up a successful resistance to the Mughal governors first and then to Ahmad Shah Abdali who had seized the rich province of the Punjab and the Sarkar of Sirhind from the Mughals.

Question 7.
Why did the Marathas want to expand beyond the Deccan?
Answer:
The Marathas wanted to expand beyond the Deccan to challenge Mughal Empire in the peninsula.

Question 8.
What were the policies adopted by Asaf Jah to strengthen his position?
Answer:
The policies adopted by Asaf Jah to strengthen his position were as follows:
1. As he had become the actual ruler of the Deccan, he brought skilled soldiers and administrators from northern India who welcomed the new opportunities in the south.
2. He appointed mansabdars and granted jagirs.
3. Mughal emperors could not interfere in the administration of Asaf Jab.

Question 9.
Do you think merchants and bankers today have the kind of influence they had in the eighteenth century?
Answer:
During the eighteenth century, banks were not so organised so merchants were more influential than bankers. They used to provide more loan opportunities at higher rate of interest.

Today, however the bankers are more influential. They provide loans and other financial assistance at cheaper rates. They also act as the safeguard of public money.

Question 10.
Did any of the kingdoms mentioned in this chapter develop in your state? If so, in what ways do you think life in the state would have been different in the eighteenth century from what it is in the twenty-first century?
Answer:
The students should develop their own answers. As an illustration in Punjab state, many princely states were acting as a puppet in the hands of the British. Today, India being a democratic country. It is different from the eighteenth century when we had to follow the directions of a monarch.

LET’S DO

Question 11.
Find out more about the architecture and culture associated with the new courts of any of the following Awadh, Bengal or Hyderabad.
Answer:
Account of the development of the architecture and culture associated with the new courts of Awadh, Bengal and Hyderabad.
(i) The rulers of Awadh followed secular political policy. The Nawabs did not discriminate between Hindus and Muslims. The people of both community were given state jobs.

(ii) Construction of Mask and temple were allowed.

(iii) The prolonged period of peace and of economic prosperity of the nobles under the government of the Nawabs resulted in time in the growth of a distinct Lucknow culture around the Awadh court. Lucknow, for long an important city of Awadh and the seat of the Awadh Nawabs after 1775, soon rivalled Delhi in its patronage of the arts and literature. It also developed as an important centre of handicrafts. Crafts and culture also percolated to towns under the patronage of local chieftains and zamindars.

Question 12.
Collect popular tales about rulers from any one of the following groups of people the Rajputs, Jats, Sikhs or Marathas.
Answer:
The most outstanding Rajput ruler of the 18th century was Raja Sawai Jaui Singh of Amber (1681-1743). He was a distinguished states man, law-maker arid reformer, But most of all he show as a man of science in an age when Indians were oblivious of scientific progress. He founded the city of Jaipur and made it a great seat of science and art. Jaipur was built upon strictly scientific principles and according to a regular plan. Its broad streets are intersected at right angles.

Jai Singh was above everything a great astronomer. He erected observatories with accurate and advanced instruments, some of them of his own invention, at Delhi, Jaipur, Ujjain, Varanasi and Mathura. His astronomical observations were remarkably accurate. He drew up a set of tables, entitled Zij Muhammad Shahi, to enable people to make astronomical observations. He had Euclid’s “Elements of Geometry” translated into Sanskrit as also several works on trignometry, and Napier’s work on the construction and use of logarithms.

Jai Singh was also a social reformer. He tried to enforce a low to reduce the lavish expenditure which the Rajput had to incur on their daughter’s weddings. This had given rise to the evil practice of infanticide. The remarkable prince ruled Jaipur for nearly 44 years from 1699 to 1743.

HBSE 7th Class History Eighteenth Century Political Formations Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How was Aurangzeb responsible for depleting the military and financial resources of his empire?
Answer:
Aurangzeb fought a long war in’the Deccan which resulted in the depletion of the military and financial resources of the empire.

Question 2.
What were the two major groups or factions in which the empire was further divided into?
Answer:
The two major groups or factions were Iranis and Turapis.

Question 3.
What were the three states that were carved out of the old Mughal Provinces in the 18th century?
Answer:
Awadh, Bengal and Hyderabad.

Question 4.
Why did Zamindars of Bengal borrow money from bankers and moneylenders?
Answer:
Zamindars of Bengal borrowed money to pay the revenue in cash.

Question 5.
Why was ‘rakhi’ introduced?
Answer:
The system of‘rakhi’ was introduced to give protection to cultivators on the payment of a tax of 20% of the produce.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Who were revenue farmers?
Answer:
In the state of Awadh, revenue farmers were local bankers and Mahajans who were highest bidders for the right to collect tax. These revenue farmers agreed to pay the state a fixed sum of money.

Question 2.
Where did Banda Bahadur established sikh rule?
Answer:
Banda Bahadur established Sikh rule between the “Sutlej” and the Jamuna rivers.

Question 3.
After Shivaji’s death who led Marathas?
Answer:
After Shivaji’s death effective power in the Maratha state was wielded by a family of Chitpavan Brahmanas, who served Shivaji’s successors as Peshwa (or principal minister).

Question 4.
Name some Maratha chiefs.
Answer:
Sindhia of Gwalior, Gaekwad of Baroda, Bhonsle of Nagpur and Holkar of Indore were a few powerful Maratha chiefs.

Question 5.
Which taxes were collected by Maratha king?
Answer:
The Maratha king collected the taxes of Chauth and Sardeshmukhi in the entire region that he captured from Mughal emperors.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How did administrative system break down under weak successors of Aurangzeb?
Answer:
1. The weak successors of Aurangzeb could not keep vigil on their powerful mansabdars.
2. Nobles appointed as governors, often controlled the offices or revenue and military administration.
3. This gave them extraordinary political, economic and military powers over vast regions of the Mughal empire.
In this way, the Mughal administrative system declined under the weak successors of Aurangzeb.

Question 2.
Why did peasants and zamindars of North India rebel against Mughal emperor?
Answer:
1. The revolts of peasants and zamindars were caused by the pressures of mounting taxes.
2. Due to challenge to the emperor’s authority, nobles became outrageous and increased taxes on land or produce.
3. This was a big trouble to the peasants who were unable to pay increased taxes. Thus, they rebelled.

Question 3.
How did the Nawab of Awadh decrease Mughal influence in the Awadh?
Answer:
1. The Nawab of Awadh reduced the number of office holders (jagirdars) appointed by the Mughals.
2. He also reduced the size of jagirs and appointed his own loyal servants of vacant positions.
3. The accounts of jagirdars were checked to prevent cheating, and the revenues of all districts were reassessed by official appointed by the Nawab’s court.
4. He seized a number of Rajput Zamindari and the agriculturally lands of the Afghans of Rohilkhand.
Thus, the Nawab of Awadh decreased ‘ Mughal influence in the Awadh.

Eighteenth Century Political Formations Class 7 HBSE Notes

• Great Mughals: From 1526 to 1707 is called the age of the Great Mughals.
• Later Mughals: The Mughal successors of Aurangzeb were knows as Later Mughals.
• Generation: A successive step in natural descent.
• Succession: The order by which an office changes hands.
• Swaraja: It means own kingdom. The term is used by the Marathas.
• A loose union of states is known as a confederacy.
• Chauth: It was the 1/4th of revenue paid to the government under Marathas.
• Sardeshmukhi: A tax equal to 1/10th of the land revenue levied by Marathas.
• Bigotry: The term Bigotry is used for sectarian religious outlook usually against other religions.
• Spear: A weapon consisting of a pointed head on a long shaft is called a spear.
• Guerilla Warfare: A kind of irregular warfare that is fought from behind. A council of eight ministers under Shivaji called the Astha Pradhan.