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Haryana State Board HBSE 7th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 3 The Delhi Sultans Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 7th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 3 The Delhi Sultans

HBSE 7th Class History The Delhi Sultans Years Textbook Questions and Answers

LET’S RECALL

Question 1.
Which ruler first established his or her capital at Delhi?
Answer:
Tomara Rajputs established his capital at Delhi.

Question 2.
What was the language of administration under the Delhi Sultans?
Answer:
The language of administration under the Delhi Sultans was Persian.

Question 3.
In whose reign did the sultanate reach its farthest extent?
Answer:
Under the reign of Ala-ud-din-Khilji, the sultanate reached its farthest extent.

Question 4.
From which country did Ibn Batuta travel to India?
Answer:
Ibn Batuta travelled to India from Morocco (Africa).

LET’S UNDERSTAND

Question 5.
According to the ‘Circle of Justice’ why was it important for military commander to keep the interest of peasantry in mind?
Answer:
According to the Circle of Justice it was important for military commander to keep the interest of peasantry in mind, because each commander got the salary from the Iqta he got. They could not collect more revenue than the fixed by the govt. Accountant were appointed by the state to check the amount of revenue collected by them (rhuqtis).

Question 6.
What is meant by the ‘Internal’ and external frontier of the Sultanate?
Answer:
Internal Frontier of the Sultanate: By this term we mean that the Sultanate aimed at consolidating the hinterland of the garrison town.
External Frontier of the Sultanate: It aims at the military expeditions of the Sultanate in Southern India started during the reign of Ala-ud-din Khilji and culminated with Muhammad Tughlaq.

Question 7.
What were the steps taken to ensure that muqtis performed their duties? Why do you think they may have wanted to defy the orders to sultans?
Answer:
Following steps were taken to ensure that muqtis performed their duties:
1. They were not awarded Iqta for throughout their life.
2. They were appointed for a very short tenure.
3. They were transferred from one Iqta to another Iqta.

They wanted to defy the order, because there were number of restrictions on them. At any time they could be transfer. Moreover accountants were appointed by the state to check the amount collected by him. Care was also taken that muqtis collected only the taxes prescribed by the state.

Question 8.
What was the impact of Mongols invasion on Delhi Sultanate?
Answer:
The Mongols under the Genghis Khan invaded Transwiana in north-east Iran in 1219 and then on Delhi. Mongols attacks increased on Delhi during the reign of Ala- ud-din Khilji.
Impact:
1. Jt paved the way for the disintegration of Delhi Sultanate.
2. It forced the two rulers (Ala-ud-din Khilji and Muhammad Tughluq) to mobilise a large standing army in Delhi which passed a huge administrative challenge.

LET’S DISCUSS

Question 9.
Do you think the authors of tawarikh would provide information about the lives of ordinary men and women? I do not think.
Answer:
The authors of tawarikh provided information about the lives of ordinary men and women. They often wrote their histories for Sultans in the hope of rich awards. He mainly lived in Delhi and hardly ever visited a village.

Question 10.
Raziyya Sultan was unique in the history of the Delhi Sultanate. Do you think women leaders are accepted more readily today?
Answer:
Yes, today women leaders are accepted more readily today. For example, Indira Gandhi became a successful and lover Prime Minister of India.

Question 11.
Why were the Delhi Sultans interested in cutting down forests? Does deforestation occur for the same reason?
Answer:
The Sultans of Delhi wanted to extend cultivation so that they could collect more land revenue. Hence, they ordered the cutting of forests. Today, forests are cut for the extension of agriculture and establishment of industrial units.

LET’S DO

Question 12.
Find out whether there are any buildings built by the Delhi Sultans in your area. Are there any other buildings in your area that were built between the twelfth and fifteenth centuries? Describe some of these buildings and draw sketches of them.
Answer:
Try yourself with the help of your class-teacher.

Question 13.
Do you think the circle of justice is an appropriate term to describe the relationship between the king and his subjects?
Answer:
Yes, I think the circle of justice is an appropriate term to describe the relationship between the king and his subjects.

Question 14.
Express Minhaj’s ideas in your own words. Do you think Raziyya shared these ideas? Why do you think it was so difficult for a woman to be a ruler?
Answer:
1. According to Minhaj, God has created a social order in which woman is subordinate to man. Therefore, a woman like Raziyya does not have right to rule. It is totally against the ideal social order created by God.
2. I think Raziyya did not share these ideas.
3. It was very difficult for a woman to be a ruler because of her belonging to a subordinate gender, according to the social set up at that time.

Question 15.
But how complete and effective was its control over such a vast territory?
Answer:
Thp Sultanate did not have complete and much effective control over such a vast territory, except under the rule of Alauddin Khalji.

Question 16.
(i) Compare figures 2, 3, 4 and 5. What similarities and differences do you notice amongst the mosques?
Answer:
Similarities:
(a) Every mosque has a big entrance door
(b) Every mosque’s entrance door is extended to both sides in the corridors
(c) Domes are made over the entrance and corridor.

Differences:
(a) The designs around the entrance door become complex and intricate from fig. 2 to fig. 5.
(b) The small window over the entrance door can be seen only in three mosques in figs. 3, 4, 5. But fig. 3 show three such windows. Whereas figs. 4 and 5 shows only single window over the entrance
(c) There is a boundary around the dome over the entrance door in fig. 5. This is not seen in any other figure.

Question 17.
(i) Can you think of any reason why a slave would be better than a son?
Answer:
A well brought up slave always serves better than the son in the old days of master.

(ii) Why do you think Barani criticised the Sultan?
Answer:
The Sultan Muhammad Tughluq appointed lower-caste or base-born people to the higher administrative post by ignoring the nobles. That is why, Barani criticised Sultan.

Question 18.
Describe the ways in which the chieftains arranged for their, defence.
Answer:
(a) The chieftains fortified themselves in mountains, in rocky, uneven and rugged places as well as in bamboo groves.
(b) The bamboo grove forest served as ramparts, inside which people lived with their cattle and their crops
(c) Also rain water was collected to fulfil water needs
(d) The bamboo remained unaffected by fire and was very hard to cut. This made it a suitable and most defensive place to live in.

IMAGINE

Question 19.
You are a peasant in Alauddin Khalji’s or Muhammad Tughluq’s reign and you cannot pay the taxes demanded by the Sultan. What will you do?
Answer:
(a) If I were a peasant in Alauddin Khalji’s reign. I would try to save my life because I might have captured by Sultan’s men and would be severely punished.
(b) If I were a peasant in Muhammad Tughluq’s reign I would join the rebel against the sultan.

HBSE 7th Class History The Delhi Sultans Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Who lived in Delhi before Delhi Sulans occupied it?
Answer:
Many rich Jaina merchants lived in the city of Delhi before Delhi Sultans occupied it.

Question 2.
Name the coin that was in circulation in Delhi.
Answer:
Dehliwal was the name of coin that was in the circulation in Delhi.

Question 3.
Name the cities built by Delhi Sultans in Delhi.
Answer:
Delhi-i-Kuhna, Siri and Jahanpanah were the names of various cities built by Delhi Sultans in Delhi.

Question 4.
What is the main source of information about Delhi Sultanate?
Answer:
The main source of information about Delhi Sultanate in “histories” tarikh (singular) or tawarikh (plural) written in Persian.

Question 5.
Who wrote tawarikh?
Answer:
The authors of tawarikh were learned men: Secretaries, administrators, poets and courtiers.

Question 6.
Why did Iltutmish favour bandagan?
Answer:
Bandagan were special slaves purchased for military service. Hence, Iltutmish favoured them.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is meant by the following terms: namaz, imam, khutba, qibla?
Answer:
namaz: prayers; imam: leader of muslims at the time of prayer; khutba: sermon delivered by imam during the Friday prayer; qibla: facing towards Mecca while praying.

Question 2.
What was iqta?
Answer:
Iqta was the land governed by military commanders, as it was granted to them by Sultans in the place of cash salary for their services.

Question 3.
Which regional states came up at about. 1526 AD in Indian subcontinent?
Answer:
At about 1526 AD, Delhi Sultanate had declined. The regional states that rose to the power in thq subcontinent were Jaunpur, Bengal, Malwa, Gujarat’ Rajasthan, etc.

Question 4.
Why did the early Delhi Sultans favoured their special slaves purchased for military service?
Answer:
The early Delhi Sultans favoured their special slaves purchased for military service because:
1. They were carefully trained to man some of the most important political offices in the kingdom.
2. They were totally dependent upon their master, the Sultan could trust and rely upon them.

Question 5.
How was the control over muqtis maintained during the reigns of Alauddin Khilji and Muhammad Tughluq?
Answer:
The control over muqtis was maintained because:
(a) Their office was not inheritable.
(b) They were assigned iqtas for a short period of time before being shifted.

Question 6.
What were the three types of taxes collected under Delhi Sultanate?
Answer:
The three types of taxes collected
under Delhi Sultanate were as follows:
(а) On cultivation called Kharaj and amounting to about 50 percent of the peasant’s produce.
(b) On cattle
(c) On houses.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How did Ala-ud-din Khilji and Muhammad Tughluq deal differently with administrative challenges posed by Mangol attacks on the Delhi Sultanate?
Answer:

Ala-ud-din Khilji	Muhammad Tughluq
(i) (a) Delhi was attacked twice. (b) Alauddin Khilji raised a large standing army.	(i) (a) Sultanate was attacked in early years of his reign. (b) The Mongol army was defeated.
(ii) Constructed a new garrison town named Giri for his soldiers.	(ii) The oldest of the foul! cities of Delhi (Delhi-i-Kuhna) was emptied of its residents and soldies garrisoned there.
(iii) The soldiers were fed through the produce collected as tax from lands between the Ganga and Yamuna.	(iii) Produce from the same area was collected as tax to feed the army. Additional taxes were also lived.
(iv) The soldiers were paid in cash rather than Iqtas. To stop the merchants from raising the prices Alauddin controlled the prices of goods in Delhi.	(iv) He paid cash salaries to soldiers. He used a ‘token’ currency However, this currency was ch. ap and people did not trust these coins.

Question 2.
Ala-ud-din wanted to became second Alexander and conquer the world. What steps did he take to achieve his aim? How far did he succeed?
Answer:
Khiljis established their empire in 1290 A.D. on the ruins of the kingdom of the Slave Sultans. Jalal-ud-din-Khilji was the first king of this dynasty He was succeeded by Ala-ud-din-Khilji in 1296 A.D. He was very ambitious. He wanted to become a second Alexander and like him to conquer the world.

Steps taken to achieve the aims:
1. Ala-ud-din tried to win loyalty of his nobles and curb their power.
2. He tried to conquer the Deccan and Rajasthan.
3. He tried to force the Mongols to withdraw.

In order to achieve his aim he needed a large army which meant, vast sum of money so, he had to think ways and means of getting more revenue for which he took the following steps:
(1) He raised the lamp taxes on the wealthier people of the tioab.
(2) He kept a strict watch on the revenue which the nobles got from their land and did not allow them to keep anything which was not their due.
(3) He controlled the prices of goods also so that no one could make large profits and everyone could afford to pay the price demanded.
(4) He made it clear that he would deal severely with anyone who showed signs of disloyalty.
(5) He ordered a new assessment of the cultivated land and the revenue. By doing so he was able to record the amount of revenue collected by various persons and thus kept a control on it.

Question 4.
What were the causes of the downfall of Delhi Sultanate?
Answer:
Causes of the downfall of Delhi Sultanate:
1. They were despotic by nature.
2. The Sultans Delhi Sultanate ruled India by sword.
3. The Hindus were not happy during their rule. They were even made to pay Jazia.
4. Most of the Sultans were pleasure-loving and weak rulers.
5. The army was not well-organisd and was ill-disciplined.
6. There was no definite law of succession.

MAP WORK

Question 1.
On an outline map of India show Alauddin Khalji’s campaign into South India.
Answer:

 

The Delhi Sultans Class 7 HBSE Notes

• Birthright: Privileges claimed on account of birth.
• Gender distinctions: Social and biological differences between women and men.
• Hinterland: The lands adjacent to a city or port that supply it with goods and services.
• Garrison Town: A fortified settlement with soldiers.
• Client: Someone who is under the protection of another, a dependent or hanger on.
• Siydati: A form of salutation in which the person converned had to kneel down and touch the ground with his forehead.
• Ulemas: Scholars of Islamic learning who were generally orthodox in their outlook.
• Iqtas: The grant of revenue from a village or a piece of land.
• Patwari: The officer who kept the land revenue record.
• Paibos: It was a Persian custom of kissing the feet of the Sultan (king).
• Sikandar-i-Sahi: The title adopted by Alla-ud-din Khilji.
• Jagir: A piece of land given to officials of the kingdom.
• Kharaj: The tax on cultivation was known as Kharaj.
• Bandagn: The early Delhi Sultans especially Iltutmish favoured their slaves purchased for military service. These slaves were known as bandagm in Persian.

Haryana State Board HBSE 7th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 2 New Kings and Kingdoms Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 7th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 2 New Kings and Kingdoms

HBSE 7th Class History New Kings and Kingdoms Years Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Match the following:

Gurjara-Pratiharas	Western Deccan
Rashtrakutas	Gujarat and Rajasthan
Palas	Bengal
Cholas	Tamil Nadu

Answer:

Gurjara-Pratiharas	Gujarat and Rajasthan
Rashtrakutas	Western Deccan
Palas	Bengal
Cholas	Tamil Nadu

Question 2.
Who were the parties involved in the tripartite struggle?
Answer:
Palas-Rashtrakutas and Pratiharas were the parties involved in the tripartite struggle.

Question 3.
What were the qualifications necessary to become a ‘member of a committee of Sabha in the Chola empire?
Answer:
Qualifications necessary to become a member of a committee of the Sabha in the Chola Empire:
(a) Prominent Brahamanas landlords.
(b) His name must have been selected when a young boy picks up the ticket of the eligible members from each committee.

Question 4.
What were the two major cities under the control of the Chahamanas ?
Answer:
Delhi and Ajmer were the two major cities under the control of the Chahamanas.

LET’S UNDERSTAND

Question 5.
How did the Rashtrakutas become powerful?
Answer:
(a) In the mid-8th century, Dantidurga, a Rashtrakuta chief, killed his Chalukyan king.
(b) He also performed hirany,a-garbha ritual, after which he was thought to have taken “rebirth” as a Kshatriya.
(c) Thus, he established the Rashtrakuta dynasty in Deccan.

Question 6.
What did the new dynasty do to gain acceptance?
Answer:
The new dynasties performed holy rituals with the help of Brahmanas in order to gain acceptance. For example, hiranya- garbha ritual performed by low caste Dantidurga the Rashtrakuta chief.

Question 7.
What kind of irrigation works were developed in the Tamil Nadu?
Answer:
The following kinds of irrigation works developed in the Tamil Nadu:
(a) In the delta regions canals were constructed to carry water to the fields.
(b) In some areas, well were dug.
(c) In other places, huge tanks were constructed to collect rainwater.

Question 8.
What were the activities associated with Chola temples?
Answer:
The activities associated with the temples were:
(a) Chola temples were the nuclei of settlement which grew around them.
(b) Temples were the centre of the craft production.
(c) Temples were endowed with the land of the rulers as well as by others. The produce of the land went to maintain all the specialist who worked at the temple.
(d) Temples were not only the places of worship, they were the hub of social, culture and economic life.

LET’S DISCUSS

Question 9.
Look at map once more and find out whether there were any kingdoms in the state in which you life.

Answer:
I am living in Delhi and it was ruled by Chauhanas dynasty between 11th and 12th century. Their most famous ruler was Prithviraja Chauhan.

LET’S DO

Question 11.
Compare the temple shown in this chapter with any present-day temple in your neighbourhood, highlighting any similarities and differences that you notice.
Answer:
Try in the classroom with the help of your teacher
(Hint: Write the salient features of the temples discussed in this chapter and compare with the temple of your locality.)

Question 12.
Find out more about taxes that are collected at present. Are these in cash, kind or labour services?
Answer:
Land tax, property tax, water tax, tax on electricity, tax on buying and selling are the examples of the taxes collected at present. They are paid in cash.

Question 13.
Locate the Gujara- Pratiharas, Rashtrakutas, Palas, Cholas and Chahamanas (Chauhans). Can you identify the present day states over which they exercised control?
Answer:
The following table shows the present-day states over which they exercised Control:
Table

Question 14.
Do you think being born as a Kshatriya was important in order to become a ruler during this period?
Answer:
No, it was not important to be born as a Kshatriya in order to become a ruler during this period. This is because any lower caste person could oyer throw rulers and become king by performing rituals with the help of Brahmanas. For example, Dantidurga, a Rashtrakuta chief became king by killing Chalukya ruler and by performing ritual.

Question 15.
(i) Are any such taxes (as Vetti, Kadamai etc.) collected today?
Answer:
Only a few of such taxes are collected today. For example, land revenue.

(ii) In what ways was this form of administration different from the present-day system?
Answer:
In the present-day administrative system, there are no such kings who claim high sounding titles and share power with Samantas, peasants, traders and Brahmanas. Today, we live in a democratic, republic administrative system in which the ruler is elected by the general people who is the first servant of public.

Question 16.
See if you can find some of the areas mentioned in the inscription of Map 1. Other rulers made similar claims as well. Why do you think they made these claims?
Answer:
The other rulers, who made such claims, also wanted to be presented as valiant, victorious warriors.

Question 17.
List all the possible sources of irrigation mentioned in the inscription, and discuss how these might have been used.
Answer:
(a) The possible sources of irrigation mentioned in the inscription are: waterland, wells, canals, ditches, rivers, siltladen land, tanks, fishponds and deep lakes.

(b) These irrigation sources might have been used to water small and large tracts of land as per their suitability of providing amount of water to that track of land.

Question 18.
(i) Look at Map 1 and suggest reasons why these rulers wanted to control Kanauj and the Ganga valley.
Answer:
(a) Kanauj lied on the bank of river Ganga. ft was the most fertile land as the irrigation water was readily available from river Ganga.
(b) It also enjoyed the most central position in the sub-continent
(c) Also control of river waters resulted in the navigation which was most essential for inland and international trades.

(ii) Look at Map 1 again and discuss why the Chaha-manas may have wanted to expand their territories.
Answer:
(a) The dynasty of Chahamanas enjoyed the central position in the subcontinent. It, therefore may have wanted to expand its territories in all the directions.

(b) It also must have enjoyed enormous resources needed for the expansion of territories, as their domain lied in the fertile land irrigated by the waters of Yamuna and Ganga rivers.

(c) Therefore, it must have been the wealthiest of all the neighbouring dynasties. And a wealthy king can only think of wedging a war against its neighbours.

Question 19.
How did the Cholas rise to power?
Answer:
(a) Vijayalaya, a Chola chief from Uraiyur captured the Kaveri delta from a Samanta (subordinate) of Pallava king.
(b) He gradually conquered neighbour-ing regions and thus established Chola kingdom by defeating Pallava and Pandya kings.
(c) The Chola kingdom was consolidated under Rajaraja I and his son Rajendra I.

Question 20.
How as the administration organised?
Answer:
The Chola administration was organised in the village councils and Nadu, groups of peasant villages. Nadu worked under the supervision of Central Chola government, which was controlled by Chola kings.

Question 21.
(i) Do you think women participated in these assemblies? In your view are lotteried useful in choosing members of committees?
Answer:
(a) No, I don’t think women participated in these assemblies.
(b) Lottery system is often use in choosing members of committees. But in my view, elections are the best way to do so.

(ii) Were there any Brahmanas in this hamlet?
Answer:
No, there were no Brahmanas in this hamlet.

(iii) Describe all the activities that were taking place in the village.
Answer:
These activities were as under:
(i) Little chickens wee moving around.
(ii) Dark children, who wore black iron bracelets, were prancing about
(iii) Babies of females labourers were sleeping in the shades of marudu (Arjuna) trees
(iv) Pulaiya women were singing as they were husking paddy.

(iv) Why do you think temple inscriptions ignore these activities?
Answer:
The temple inscriptions ignored these activities because:
(a) These activities were of low caste or outcaste people
(b) Brahmanas, always wanted to praise their partons through temple inscription and they always showed down the low caste people.

Question 22.
In what ways was this system different from those prevalent in the Indian subcontinent?
Answer:
People were not recuited through examination in the administrative system of Indian subcontinent. The Samantas associations of peasants, traders and artisans were generally given administrative responsibilities in Indian subcontinent. Imagine

Question 23.
You are present in an election for a sabha. Describe what you see and hear.
Answer:
(a) In a sabha election, there are various voices which are put down when the nominations for the election are announced.
(b) The paper is distributed for the names of candidates to be written on it.
(c) A young boy is called upon and asked to take out one slip from the box, in which all slips, with the names of candidates were put in.
(d) The name of the selected candidate is announced and everyone congratulates him.

HBSE 7th Class History New Kings and Kingdoms Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Who was Kalhana?
Answer:
Kalhana was a Kashmiri historian of 12th century. He composed a long Sanskrit poem on rulers of Kashmir.

Question 2.
Who wrote a Kitab-al-Hind?
Answer:
The Arabic scholar Al-Biruni wrote the Kitab-al-Hind. He consulted Sanskrit scholars to prepare this account.

Question 3.
Who built the town of Thanjavur?
Answer:
The Chola chief Vijayalaya built the town of Thanjavur and a temple for goddess Nishumbhasudini there.

Question 4.
Which famous inscription gives details of Chola administration?
Answer:
The inscription from Uttaramerur, in Chingleput district, Tamil Nadu, gives details of Chola administration.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Give the high sounding titles of medieval rulers.
Answer:
The medieval rulers claimed the titles such as Maharaja-adhiraja (great king, over lord of kings), tribhuvan-chakravartin (lord of the three worlds and so on).

Question 2.
Who was Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni?
Answer:
Mahmud of Ghazni was an Afghani ruler who raided the subcontinent temples, including Somnath, Gujarat, during early 11th century.

Question 3.
Who was Rajendra I?
Answer:
Rajendra I was a great Chola ruler, son of Rajendra I expanded Chola rule in Ganga Valley, Sri Lanka and countries of southeast Asia.

Question 4.
From where were resources collected in medieval states of subcontinent?
Answer:
The medieval states of subcontinent collected resources from:
(a) the producers: peasant, cattle-keepers and artisans.
(b) land revenue.
(c) taxes from traders and merchants.

Question 5.
How did Kalhana write the history of rulers of Kashmir?
Answer:
Kalhana used a variety of sources, including inscriptions, documents, eyewitness accounts and earlier histories to write his account.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How did the Cholas rise to power?
Answer:
(a) Vijayalaya a Chola chief from Uraiyur, captured the Kaveri delta from the Muttaraiyar (Samanta of Pallava king) in the middle of the 19th century.
(b) He gradually conquered neighbouring regions and thus established Chola kingdom by defeating Pallava and Pandya kings.
(c) The Chola kingdom was consolidated under Rajaraja I and his son Rajendra I.

Map Time

Question 1.
On the outline map of India, show the following areas of the Chola kingdom:
(i) Madurai
(ii) Thanjavur
(iii) Gangaikonda Cholapuram
(iv) Kanchi
Answer:

New Kings and Kingdoms Class 7 HBSE Notes

• Dynasty: A succession of rulers in .one line of descent.
• Tripartite struggle: Struggle for supremacy among Palas; Pratihars and Rashtrakutas are known as the tripartite struggle.
• Feudatories: Feudal states were known as Feudatories.
• Kingdom: A union of states.
• Revenue: The tax traders had to pay to their lords.
• Samanthas: The subordinates of kings or overlords who used to brin£ gifts for their kings or overloads.
• Sabha: The assembly of Brahmanas.

Haryana State Board HBSE 7th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 1 Tracing Changes Through a Thousand Years Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 7th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 1 Tracing Changes Through a Thousand Years

HBSE 7th Class History Tracing Changes Through a Thousand Years Textbook Questions and Answers

LET’S RECALL

Question 1.
Who was considered a ‘foreigner’ in the past?
Answer:
In the medieval period the term ‘foreigner’ was used for any stranger who appeared, say in a given village, someone who was not a part of the society or culture.

Question 2.
State whether True or False:

1. We do not find inscriptions for the period after 700.
2. The Marathas asserted their political importance during this period.
3. Forest dwellers were sometimes pushed out of their lands with the spread of agriculture settlements.
4. Sultan Ghiyasuddin Balban controlled Assam, Manipur and Kashmir.

Answer:

1. False
2. True
3. False
4. False.

Question 3.
Fill in the blanks:

1. Archives are places where ………… are kept.
2. ………….. was a fourteenth century chronicles.
3. ………….. , ………….. , ………….. , ………….. and ………….. were some of the new crops introduced into the sub-continent during this period.

Answer:

1. documents and manuscripts.
2. Ziyauddin Barani.
3. Potatoes, corn, chilli, tea, coffee.

Question 4.
List some of the technological changes associated with this period.
Answer:
This period saw the technological changes which are given below:
1. Use of Persian wheel for irrigation.
2. Use of spinning wheel in weaving.
3. Use of firearms in combat made also appearance.

Question 5.
What were some of the major religious developments during this period?
Answer:
Some of the major religious developments during this period were:
(a) The worship of new deities
(b) The construction of temples by royalty.
(c) Growing importance of Brahmanas, the priests, as dominant groups in society.
(d) Brahmanas’ importance grew due to their knowledge of Sanskrit language. They were patronized by the Emperors.
(e) The idea of Bhakti emerged among people. The merchants and migrants brought with them the teachings of Quran, the holy book of Muslims.

LET’S UNDERSTAND

Question 6.
In what ways has the meaning of the term ‘Hindustan changed over the centuries’?
Answer:
The meaning of term ‘Hindustan’ has changed over the centuries in the following manner:
(a) In the 13th century, Minhaj-i-Siraj used the term ‘Hindustan’. For him the term meant the areas of Punjab, Haryana and the land between Ganga and Yamuna rivers. He used this term in a political sense that were a part of the dominions of the Delhi Sultan.

(b) In the sixteenth century poet Babur used the term to describe the geography, the fauna and the culture of the subcontinent.

(c) The poet Amir Khusrau used the term in the fourteenth century in the similar way as Babur in the sixteenth century.

(d) The term ‘Hindustan’ did not carry the political and national meaning as the term ‘India’ is used today.

Question 7.
How were the affairs of Jatis regulated?
Answer:
The ways in Which the affairs of jatis were regulated were as follows:
1. Jati framed their own rules and regulations to manage the conduct of their members.
2. Jati Panchayat or the assembly of elders enforced these regulations.
3. Jatis also followed the rules of their villages.

Question 8.
What does the term pan- regional empire mean?
Answer:
The term ‘pan-regional empire’ refers to an empire spanning over diverse regions. The empires of Chola, Kalsi, Tughlaqs and Mughals were’the examples of pan- regional empire.

LET’S DISCUSS

Question 9.
What are the difficulties historians face in using manuscripts.
Answer:
(a) Manuscripts were handwritten. They used palm-leaves as paper for writing. Some are written in Shikaste (illegible) script.

(b) Since the handwriting was not always clear, the scribes made small changes in words or sentences while copying manuscripts. Over the centuries, the changes grew until the manuscripts of the same text became very different fjrom the original.

(c) Historians interpreted the facts as per the manuscripts which they got.

Question 10.
How do historians divide the past into period? Do they face any problem in doing this?
Answer:
(i) Historians divide the past into periods on the basis of economic and social factors to characterise the major elements of different moments of the past.

(ii) Historians face many problems while dividing the past into periods as there was a good amount of technological development in the “medieval” period, which can be called as ‘modern’ in the contemporary context. But still the period is called “medieval” and not “modern”. On the other hand, modern past is followed by the “medieval” past.

LET’S DO

Question 11.
Compare either Map I or Map II with the present day map of the subcontinent; listing as many similarities and differences that you can find.

Map 1

Map 2

(A) Map 1

• Map I was made in 1154CE by geographer al-Idrisi.
• This presents a detail of the Indian subcontinent from his larger map of the world.
• In this map, South India was at that place where North India is at present and Sri Lanka is the Island at the top.
• Place names are marked in Arabic as Kanauj in Uttar Pradesh has been spelt as Qanauj.
• Present day map of the subcontinent is more clear. It has been made to scale and it clearly shows direction.

(B) Map 2
This map was made by French cartographer in 1720s.
In this map-

• Coastal areas are surprisingly detailed.
• Method of providing information was different.
• The technique of cartography differed

Question 12.
Find out where records are kept in your village or city. Who writes these records? Is there an archive? Who manages it? What kinds of documents are stored there? Who are the people who use it?
Answer:

• In villages, records are kept in the Panchayat Ghar. In cities, records are kept in the office of municipal committee or municipal corporation or an archive.
• The records are written and maintained by Sarpanch in villages. In cities these records are written by clerks.
• Rare manuscripts, government records and valuable books etc. are stored there.
• Scholars, researchers and government officials use them.

Question 13.
Look at the areas in the interior of the subcontinent on Map 2 of the textbook. Are they as detailed as those on the coast? Follow the course of the River Ganga and see how it is shown. Why do you think there is a difference in the level of detail and accuracy between the coastal and inland areas in this map.
Answer:
(a) No the areas in the interior of the subcontinent on Map 2 are not as detailed 1 as those on the coast.
(b) The European sailors and merchants who used this map, did not go to the inland places of the subcontinent as such as they interacted with the coastal areas
(c) Therefore, the level of detail and accuracy of coastal areas is better than the inland areas in the map.

Question 14.
Can you think of any other words whose meanings change in different contexts?
Answer:
The other word whose meaning change in different contexts is as under:
Jana:
1. Initially it was used to address people or group of people.
2. Later on it was used to denote land.

Question 15.
When was paper more expensive and easily available in the thirteenth or the fourteenth century?
Answer:
Paper was more expensive during thirteenth century and easily available in the fourteenth century.

Question 16.
Of the technological, economic, social and cultural changes described in this section, which do you; think were most significant in the town – or village in which you live?
Answer:
Students do youself.
(Hint: Technological changes did not have much impact on village or town life. But social cultural and economic changes had greater impact on our village life.)

Question 17.
(i) Why do you think rulers made such claims?
Answer:
Rulers wanted to show of, be popular and mighty by claming to have; control over distant territorises.

(ii) Make a list of languages mentioned by Amir Khusrau. Prepare another list of the names of language spoken today in the regions he s mentioned. Underline name that are; similar and circle those that are different. Did you notice that the names by which languages are known have\changed over time?
Answer:

Region	Languages at the time of Amir Khusrau	Present day languages
Sindh	Sindhi	Punjabi + Urdu
Lahore	Lahori	Punjabi + Urdu
Kashmir	Kashmiri	Kashmiri
South Karnataka	Dvarsamudri	Kannadal
Andhra Pradesh	Telangani	Telugu
Gujarat	Guiarati	Gujarati
Tamil Nadu	Mabar	iTamill
Bengal	Gauri	Bengali
Eastern U.P.	Awadhi	Lakhnuavi
Delhi	Hindawi	Hindi

Yes, there are significant changes in the spoken languages at different regions over time.

(iii) What was the duration of rule of the Khalji and Mughal dynasties?
Answer:
(a) Khalji dynasty ruled from 1290 to 1320.
(b) Mughal dynasty ruled from 1526 to 1857.

Question 18.
(i) Find out whether and for how long your state was part of these pan-reginal empires.
Answer:
Students do yourself.

(ii) Do you remember what Amir Khusrau had to say regarding Sanskrit, knowledge and Brahmanas?
Answer:
Amir Khusrau said that Sanskrit did not belong to any region. It was an old language and common people did not know it. Only the Brahmanas spoke it.

Question 19.
You are a historian. Choose one of the themes mentioned in this chapter, such as economic, social or political, history and discuss why you think it would be interesting to find out the history of that theme.
Answer:
Political theme would be interesting to explore in the historical context. Some of the reasons why to explore it, are as under:
(a) Political theme in history introduces us to our past rulers, their families, administrations, wars and battles.
(b) It also lead us to know about the various ruling practices such as, rule by group of people (republic) or monarchy etc.
(c) It imparts the knowledge about relations with neighbouring countries etc.

HBSE 7th Class History Tracing Changes Through a Thousand Years Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How was paper used?
Answer:
The paper was used to write holy texts, chronicles of rulers, letters and techniques of saints, petitions and judicial records, accounts and taxes.

Question 2.
Which group of people became important during medieval period?
Answer:
The Rajputs became important during medieval period.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Why is India called the land of many names?
Answer:
• India was named Aryavarta because this country being the abode of Aryans.
• India was named Bharat after the name of King Bharat.
• The name Hindustan and Indus were derived from Sindhu, the Vedic name of the great river of north-west.
• The Romans modified the name as Indus.
Hence India is called the land of many names.

Question 2.
What does ‘time’ mean by historians? How is the study of ‘time’ convenient for historians?
Answer:
‘Time’ for historians doesn’t mean just a passing of hours, days or years. It also reflects changes in social and economic organization, in the persistence and transformation of ideas and beliefs.

The study of ‘time’ is important because it helps historians to divide the past into large segments. The historians study the different aspects of the specific period and then assess the comparative progress and their effect on society.

Question 3.
How were the views of Shia Muslims and Sunni Muslims different from each other?
Answer:
Shia Muslims believed that Prophet Muhammad’s son-in-law, Ali was the legitimate leader of the Muslim Community. Shunni Muslims accepted the authority of the’ early leaders (Khalifas) of the community, and the succeeding Khalifas.

Question 4.
How has the medieval period helped in the development of the Indian history.?
Answer:
Medieval period has been helpful in the development of Indian history because:
(i) In this period, many modern languages which we speak now developed during this period.
(ii) Some of the food items we eat and the clothes we wear became popular during this period.
(iii) The history of our current religious faiths (such as Islam, Sikhism etc.) can be traced back to this period.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What wee the main features of jatis, during medieval period?
Answer:
(a) During medieval period, people were grouped into jatis or sub-castes and ranked on the basis of their backgrounds and occupations.
(b) Ranks were not fixed permanently, and varied according to the power, influence and resources controlled by members of jati.
(c) The status of the same jati could vary from area to area.

Question 2.
What were the problems of peasants during medieval period?
Answer:
During the medieval period, peasants had following problems:
(a) They were influenced by various forces such as – regional markets, chieftains, priests, monasteries and temples.
(b) They became part of large, complex societies and were required to pay taxes and offer goods and services to local lords.
(c) Some peasants possessed more productive land, other also kept cattle while some of them did artisanal work with agricultural activities during the lean season.

Tracing Changes Through a Thousand Years Class 7 HBSE Notes

• Cartographer: A person who draws maps.
• Archive: A place where documents and manuscripts are stored.
• Habitat: It refers to the environment of a region and the social and economic lifestyle of its residents.
• Patron: An influential, wealthy individual who supports another person man artiste.
• Manuscript: Handwritten accounts of contemporary events.
• Inscription: Document inscribed on some hard permanent material (generally some stone or metal) in the forms of letters or other conventional signs for the purpose of conveying some information.
• Caliph: A title of the head of the Muslim Community, literally meaning the successor of the ‘vice regent’.
• Feudalism: A political and economic system that came, into western Europe during the ‘Dark Age’.
• Chronicles: Accounts of historical events given by various writers.
• Biography: The written account of a person’s life by another writer.
• Auto-biography: A written account of a person’s life by the same person.

Haryana State Board HBSE 6th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 9 Urban Livelihoods Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 6th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 9 Urban Livelihoods

HBSE 6th Class Civics Urban Livelihoods Textbook Questions and Answers

Bachchu Manjhi – A Cycle-Rickshaw Puller
I come from a village in Bihar where I worked as a mason. My wife and three children live in the village. We don’t own land. In the village, I did not get masonry work regularly. The income that I earned was not enough for our family.

After I reached this city, I bought an old cycle rickshaw and paid for it in installments. This was many years ago. I come to the bus stop every morning and take the customers wherever they want to go. I work till 8.30 pm in the evening. I take rides of up to 6 kilometers in the surrounding area. Each customer gives me Rs. 5-10 per trip depending on the distance. When I’m ill I can’t do this work, so on those days, I don’t earn anything.

I stay with my friends in a rented room. They work in a nearby factory. I earn between? 80¬100 every day, out of which I spend? 50-60 on food and rent. The rest I save for my family. I visit my village two or three times a year to see my family. Though my family survives on the money I send, my wife also earns from agricultural work that she gets once in a while.

Question 1.
Why did Bachchu Manjhi come to the city?
Answer:
Bachchu Manjhi did not get regular masonry work in the village. So he came to the city to find a regular job so he could earn enough for the family.

Question 2.
Why can’t Bachchu Manjhi stay with his family?
Answer:
Bachchu Manjhi could not stay with his family as he did not have any room to stay in and not enough earning for 81 the whole family. He himself stayed with his friends in a rented room.

Question 3.
Talk to a vegetable vendor or hawker and find out how do they organise their work, their way of preparing, purchasing, selling, etc.
Answer:
The vegetable vendors or hawkers organise their work in the following ways:
(а) They purchase vegetables or groceries from the wholesale market.
(b) They arrange them on the trolley cycle.
(c) They give loud calls on the roads, streets to sell their goods.
(d) Sometimes they sell their goods in weekly markets.

Question 4.
Bachchu Manjhi has to think twice before taking a day off from work?
Answer:
Bachchu Manjhi earns a small daily income out of which he saves only a very small portion. He has to send something for his family too. So, Bachchu Manjhi has to think twice before taking a day off from work.

Question 5.
Why did Harpreet and Vandana start a showroom? What do they have to do to face difficulties?
Answer:
Harpreet and Vandana started a showroom since:
1. Harpreet started working in the shop of his father and uncle after she completed her college.
2. Vandana is a dress designer. She realised that people prefer to buy readymade clothes, rather than have them stitched.
Vandana also felt the need for an attractive display of readymade products for their showroom:
1. They buy things from different places like Mumbai, Ahmedabad, Ludhiana, etc.
2. They had to put them in show cases.
3. They also had to advertise their products.

Question 6.
Talk to a shop owner in a market and find out how he plans his work. Have there been any changes in his business in the past twenty years?
Answer:
A shop owner in the market had to take a showroom on rent earlier. Now they had to purchase it. He buys things on installments and sells them on cash. There have been changes in the business in the past twenty years.
There have been changes in the business since the past.
(а) There is more competition. So, shopkeepers have to sell quality goods.
(b) They also have to give more stress on the advertisement.
(c) To attract customers, shopkeepers have to provide them with other service like after sales service, free-home delivery, etc.

Question 7.
What are the difference between those who sell on the street and those in the market?
Answer:
Those who sell things in the street buy their things from the local market. Those who sell things in the market, purchase their things in bulk. They need to adhere to government regulations and pay taxes also.

Question 8.
Why do you think small workshops and factories employ casual workers?
Answer:
Small workshops and factories employ casual workers as they do not have regular work.

Question 9.
Describe the working conditions of people like Nirmala keeping in mind the following: working hours, condition in the working place, earnings and the days of work available.
Answer:
Working conditions of people like t Nirmala are as follows:
(а) Working Hours: Workers have to work for long hours. A normal working day begins at 9 A.M. and finishes by 10 P.M., sometimes even later. They have to generally work for 6 days a week. When the work has to be done urgently, she worked on Sundays too.
(b) Conditions in the workplace: The conditions in the working are not very healthy.
(c) Earnings: They are paid only f 80 per day for eight hours and extra 40 for working late hours. They have no bargaining power.
(d) They are all casual workers as they work only for some months of the year. After this period, they have to move to other work.

Question 10.
Would you say that domestic workers like housemaids are also casual workers? Why? Describe the workday of one such woman detailing the work she does in other peoples’ houses.
Answer:
Yes, the domestic workers like housemaids are also casual workers. They work as long as their employer wants them.
The working of one woman in other people’s houses:
1. She washes utensils, cleans the house, washes the clothes, cuts vegetables daily needed for meals.
2. Her work starts at 9 A.M. in the morning and finishes at 7 P.M.
3. Her wages are 100 a day.
4. She is also provided with some eatables during the day.

EXERCISE

Question 1.
Read and discuss description of the living conditions of workers who come to the labour chowk.
Most workers that we find at the labour chowk cannot afford permanent accommodation and sleep on pavements near the chowk, or they pay ₹ 6/- a night for a bed at a nearby night shelter run by the Municipal Corporation. To compensate for the lack of security, local tea and cigarette shops function as banks, moneylenders and safety lockers, all rolled into one. Most workers leave their tools at these shops for the night and safe keeping and pass on any extra money to them. The shopkeepers keep the money safety and also offer loans to labourers in need.
Source: Aman Sethi, Hindu on-line
Answer:
Labourers those who generally do not find regular work go to labour chowk. If they get any hope of source of income. At labour chowk; workers get work available at that time, but they cannot afford permanent job. Their job is for only one or two days. They spend their night on pavements or in the ‘Rein Vasera’ built by Municipal Corporation. Their daily earning is not sure. Such workers leave their tools in tea shops for safety.

Their economic position is imbalanced. They eat what they earn and spend on their families. Even they take money from money-lenders to pass their time. (Note: Everybody has different view, so you can write your own view about the life of chowk labourers, their living standard and way of earning).

Question 2.
Complete the following table and discuss how their work is different:

Name	Place of work	Earnings	Security of work	Benefits received	Works on their own or employed
Bachchu Manjhi		₹ 100 a day
Harpreet Vandana					Work on their own
Nirmala			No Security
Sudha	Company	₹ 30,000 p.m.

Answer:
1. Name: Bachchu Manjhi.
Place of Work: A cycle-rickshaw puller in the city bus stop.
Earning: ₹ 100/- per day.
Security of work: No
Benefits received: Saving send for expenditure of the family.
Work on their own or employed: Work on their own.

2. Name: Harpreet Vandana.
Place of Work: Readymade showroom.
Earning: Good
Security of Work: Yes
Benefits received: Increase in income.
Work on their or own or employed: Their own work.

3. Name: Nirmala
Place of Work: Garment Factory.
Earning: ₹ 80 per day + ₹ 40 overtime.
Security of Work: No
Benefits received: He gets benefit during summer season, when business is on full swing.
Work on their own or employed: She was employed.

4. Name: Sudha.
Place of Work: Company.
Earning: ₹ 30,000/- p.m.
Security of Work: Yes.
Benefits received: She receives benefits such as:
(i) Provident Fund
(ii) Medical facilities
(iii) Holidays: Sundays and also can get some annual leaves.

Their works are different. Bachchu was a rickshaw puller, Harpreet Vandana is owner of a showroom. Nirmala does work in a garment factory and Sudha is working in a company. Among them Sudha’s work is safe and secure because she has a permanent job and facilities as generally enjoyed by a government servant.

Question 3.
In what ways is a permanent and regular job different from a casual job? Discuss.
Answer:

Permanent Job	Casual Job
(1) An employee gets a regular salary every month.	(1) An employee does not get a regular salary every month. if workers complain about their pay, or don’t work properly, they require to leave.
(2) Working Conditions are hygienic and good.	(2) Working conditions may or may not be desirable.
(3) They have fixed working hours.	(3) The working hours may be very long.
(4) They get other benefits such as saving for old age.	(4) They do not get other benefits like permanent employees.

Question 4.
What benefits does Sudha get along with her salary?
Answer:
Sudha enjoys the following benefits with her salary:
(i) She deposits her Provident Fund as a saving for her old age.
(ii) She gets off on every Sunday, national festivals and also gets some annual leaves.
(iii) Her company provides her medical facilities.
(iv) She can get medical leave when she feels ill.

Question 5.
Fill in the following table to show the services provided by people in the markets which you visit frequently.

Names of the shops or offices	Nature of the services provided

Answer:

Names of the shops or offices	Nature of the services provided
Confectionery Shop	From here we buy bread, butter, cheese, biscuits, etc.
Kiryana Shop	Raw materials for cooking i.e, milled rice etc.
Chemist Shop	To buy medicine for ourself or others.
Electricity Office	To deposit electricity bill and to complaint against the supply of electricity if any. This office promises to give use regular ^electricity without power-cut.
Municipal Councellor’s Office	Provides the facilities such as street light, cleanliness, etc.
Names of the shops or offices	Nature of the services provided

HBSE 6th Class Civics Urban Livelihoods Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Name some activities which are carried out on the streets.
Answer:
Hair-cutting, shoe-repairing, flower-selling, craft-making.

Question 2.
How was the street vending earlier looked upon by people?
Answer:
Street vending was earlier looked upon by people as an obstruction to traffic and to people walking.

Question 3.
Where does Nirmala work?
Answer:
Nirmala works as a tailor in an export garment unit.

Question 4.
Why are the casual workers asked to leave by the employers?
Answer:
Casual workers are asked to leave when they complain about their pay or working conditions.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What suggestions have been made; so that street vendors have a place to work and that there is also a free flow of traffic to the people?
Answer:
(a) Hawking zones have been suggested for towns and cities.
(b) Mobile vendors should be allowed to move around freely.
(c) Hawkers need to be part of committees that are set up to take these and other decisions relating to them.

Question 2.
What extra benefits does Sudha get?
Answer:
Sudha gets the following extra benefits:
(i) A part of her salary is kept in a fund with the government. She will earn interest on these savings.
(ii) She gets medical facilities for her family.
(iii) She gets medical leave if she falls ill and her salary is not cut if she takes this leave.

Question 3.
Who are casual workers?
Answer:
Casual workers are required to come as and when the employer needs them. They are employed when the employer gets a big order or during certain seasons. At other times of the year they have to find some other work.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Name different categories of people who do work on daily wages.
Answer:
The people who work on daily wages are
(i) People in the labour chowk are daily wage earners who wait with their tools for people to come and take them to work.
(ii) People who work in factories and small workshops are daily wage earners. They are employed on casual basis i.e., they are required to come when there they are needed.

Question 2.
What is a Call Centre? Write about the work done in the Call Centre. Why are they set up in India?
Answer:
A Call Centre is a centralised office that deals with problems and questions that consumers/customers have regarding goods purchased and services like banking, ticket booking etc. It is a new form of employment in big cities. Call centres are generally set up as large rooms with work stations that include a computer, a telephone set, and supervisors stations. India has become a major centre not only for Indian companies but also for foreign companies.

Call Centres are set up in India because they can get people who can speak English and will work for lower wages.

Urban Livelihoods Class 6 HBSE Notes

• Vendor: One who sells things of daily use by going door to door.
• Urban areas: Towns and cities.
• Business person: One who earns his livelihood by engaging himself in some business.
• Employer: One who gives job to someone.
• Casual worker: One who is engaged in temporary work.
• Labour chowk: A place where daily wage labourers gather together with their tools and wait for people to come and hire them for work.
• Call centre: It gives a new form of employment to the people of big cities. It is a centralised office that deals with problems and questions that consumers/customers have regarding goods purchased and services like banking, ticket booking, etc.
• Hawker: One who sells things by going from one place to place asking people to buy them.

Haryana State Board HBSE 6th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 8 Rural Livelihoods Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 6th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 8 Rural Livelihoods

HBSE 6th Class Civics Rural Livelihoods Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Based on the above diagram would you say the Thulasi earns money throughout the year?
Answer:
No. Thulasi works in the seasonal job which is agriculture she earns only during those seasons when she has worked in her fields. According to the given data, it can be important that from June to December, she earns.

Question 2.
Describe the work that Thulasi does. How is it different from the work that Raman does?
Answer:
Thulasi transplants paddy in the fields. Thulasi’s husband, is also a labourer. They don’t own any land. While Thulsi transplants, Raman sprays pesticides.

Question 3.
Thulasi gets paid very little money for the work. She does, why do you think agricultural labourers like her are forced to accept low wages.
Answer:
1. Agricultural labourers are unskilled and do not have the knowledge or access to higher paid jobs.
2. They are under the debt of landlords or moneylenders who employ them on low wages.

Question 3.
In what ways would her way of earning a living have been different if Thulasi own some farm land? Discuss.
Answer:
1. If Thulasi would have owned a farm land she would have been the possessor of all the process.
2. She would have an increased income by selling all her-crop to the market.
3. This would have an impact on her livelihood.

Question 4.
What are the crops grown in your region or nearby rural are? What kinds of works do agricultural labourers do?
Answer:
Maize, Wheat and Rice is planted in the neighbourhood village.
Agricultural labourers do the following works:
(a) Ploughing fields
(b) Preparing saplings
(c) Transplanting saplings
(d) Irrigating crops
(e) Weeding
(f) Harvesting
(g) Storage of crops.

Question 5.
What work does Sekar’s family do. Why do you think Sekar does not usually employ labourers for doing farm work?
Answer:
Sekar’s family works in the field, harvests crop and does all sort of agricultural work.
Sekar might not be employing labourers for farm work to cut cost on manual labour. Money has to be given to labour for doing work.

Question 6.
Why does Sekar not go to the town market to get a better price for his paddy?
Answer:
Sekar earns very less to satisfy his needs. He cannot earn a higher income. There is very little produce lift. Some is used in loans, some so satisfy their home needs.

Question 7.
Sekar’s sister Mina had also taken a loan from the trader. She does not loan to sell her paddy to him but will pay back her loan. Write an imaginary conversation between Mina and the trader’s agent and the arguments given by each person.
Answer:
AGENT: Mina/when will you repay me loan? How long can I excuse you?
MINA : Just fifteen days more, Sir/ I will repay it as soon as I sell my paddy.
AGENT : But I have already offered you excuse for one month.
MINA : Sorry, Sir.
AGENT : Next time, I’ll not take off.

Question 8.
What are the similarities between Sekar’s and Thulasi lives. Your answer could be based on the land they have, the need to work on the land that belong to others or the loans that they need and their earning.
Answer:
Both Sekar and Thulasi are agricultural labourers who accept loans (even at higher interest to meet then daily needs, they have low wage difference.
Thulasi owns no land while Sekar owns two acres of field on which he works.
Thulasi has a definite source of income paid by Ramalingam while Sekar’s income depends upon his crop produce.

Read again Sekar’s and Thulasi’s accounts. What do they say about Ramalingam, the large farmer? Together with what you have read fill in the details below.

Question i.
How much land does he have?
Answer:
20 acres.

Question ii.
What does Ramalingam do with the paddy grown in his field?
Answer:
The paddy is sold to traders in nearby towns.

Question iii.
A part from farming how else does he earn?
Answer:
His family owns a rice mill and shop selling seeds, pesticides. This given them extra substantial income.

Question 9.
Why do both Sekar’s and Aruna’s family have to borrow? What similarities and differences do you find?
Answer:
Sekar’s family had to borrow loan to as keep their produce while Aruna buys loan for the maintenance of their requirement. Sekar buys loan from an informal source of credit while Aruna busy loans from formal source of credit.

Question 10.
Have you heard of Tsunami? What is this and what damage do you think it might have done to the life of fishing families like Aruna’s.
Answer:
Do yourself.

EXERCISE

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
You have probably noticed that people in Kalpattu are engaged in a variety of non-farm work. List five of these.
Answer:
(i) Making Baskets,
(ii) Making pots
(iii) Making bullocks carts
(iv) Making utensil
(v) Making bricks. .

Question 2.
List the different types of people you read about in Kalpattu who depend on farming. Who is the poorest among them and why?
Answer:
In Kalpattu, there are people who provides service such as blacksmiths, nurses, washerman, weavers, barbers, cycle repair mechanics, people whose work depends on farming are shopkeepers, traders, peasants etc.
Labour is the poorest of all sense it works only when in demand.

Question 3.
Imagine you are a member of a fishing family and you are discussing whether to take a loan from the bank for an engine. What would you say?
Answer:
If I were a member of the fishing family, I would say we must take loan from a bank or cooperative to improve the condition of our occupation because:
(a) Catamaran engine is useful because with their help, fishes can be caught in deep waters.
(b) It will help increase income, reduce time and help in overall development.

Question 4.
Poor rural labourers like Thulasi often do not have access to good medical facilities, good schools, and other resources. You have read about inequality in the first unit of this text. The difference between her and Ramalingam is one of inequality. Do you think this is a fair situation? What do you think can be done?
Discuss in class.
Answer:
Thulasi is a labourer while Ramalingam is a rich landlord.
1. Thulasi has a poor living standard, Ramalingam has a higher living standard.
2. Thulasi leads a sad life while Ramalingam leads happy life.

Question 5.
What do you think the government can do to help farmers like Sekar when they get into debt? Discuss.
Answer:
Debts-trap is a common problem for farmers in India.
(i) Decrease the rate of interest at which loan is given.
(ii) Give compensation in case of a natural calamity.
(iii) Additional time can be given.
(iv) Formal sources of credit should be increase.

Question 6.
Compare the situation of Sekar and Ramalingam by filling in the following table:

	Sekar	Ramalingam
1. Land cultivated	–	–
2. Labour required	–	–
3. Loans required	–	–
4. Selling of harvest	–	–
5. Other works done by them	–	–

Answer:

	Sekar	Ramalingam
1. Land cultivated	1. Owner of a little cultivated land. The crop grown is paddy	1. Owner of large cultivated land. The crop grown is paddy.
2. Labour required	2. During the time of harvesting required labour, otherwise manage to do the work of his own.	2. Depends on labour
3. Loans required	3. Yes	3. No, for rice mill, he borrowed money from bank.
4. Selling of harvest	4. To pay back the loan in kinds of seeds and fertilizer, he sold his paddy to the trader at price less than provinding in the market.	4. He would sell his paddy in the market if its yield is higher than the consumption in his rice mill.
5. Other works done by them	5. He works in Ramalingam Rice Mill	5. He is the owner of Rice Mill.

HBSE 6th Class Civics Rural Livelihoods Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is the main work of the people in the village of Kalpattu?
Answer:
Paddy is the main crop that is grown in irrigated lands. Most of the families earn a living through agriculture.

Question 2.
What is the type of cultivation in Nagaland?
Answer:
Terrace farming.

Question 3.
What are catamarans?
Answer:
A catamarans is a boat with turn hull, side by side or a raft made of logs of wood or pieces of timber lashed together.

Question 4.
Who are seasonal workers?
Answer:
Most small farmers, agricultural labourers, fishing families, crafts persons in the villages are seasonal

Question 5.
What operations do farming activities involve?
Answer:
Working on farms involve operations such as preparing the lands, sowing, weeding, harvesting of crops.

Question 6.
Name the main crop grown in irrigated lands.
Answer:
Paddy.

Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
Why is agriculture a seasonal job?
Answer:
Process of agricultures take place only during some seasons. Not being able to earn money forces people in many rural areas to travel long distances in search of work. This travel or migration takes place during some seasons.

Question 2.
List the different sources of income of rural areas?
Answer:
(a) Many people in rural areas depend upon forest, animal husbandry, dairy produce, fishing, etc.
(b) Collecting mahua, tendu leave, honey to be sold to traders is an important source of additional income.
(c) Selling .milk, to cooperative is another source.

Question 3.
What is the involvement coasts in crop production?
Answer:
Equipments that are related to agriculture, seeds, pesticides, fertilizers, minerals water, irrigational facilities.

Question 4.
Name the three category of farmers.
Answer:
The three categories of farmers are:
(i) Big land owners, who employ other farmers to work on their fields.
(ii) Farmers who have very small plots of land. They have to do other work, when there is a lean season on the farm. The produce is not sufficient to meet the needs of their family.
(iii) Landless peasants, who work on the fields of big land owners and are paid for the work done by them.

Question 5.
How do money-lenders and traders exploit the poor farmers and others? Give examples.
Answer:
The traders and money-lenders exploit the poor farmers and others by taking a part of their produce at a lower price, e.g., Sekar has to; sell his paddy at a lower price than the market rate. Aruna has to sell her fish catch to the trader and cannot auction it.

Long Answer Questions

Question 1.
Write about the everyday work of the village fisherman.
Answer:
Most of the fisherman live close to the sea. Their work starts at 7 o’clock in the morning, when there is lot of activity on the beach. This is the time when catamarans return with their catch and women gather to buy and sell fish.

The fisherman go in groups to the sea in catamaran. Some have engines fitted in the catamaran, so that they can go far into the sea. The money is equally divided in the group, keeping one part for the equipment. The women folk sell the fish till afternoon. In the evening the fishermen untangle and repair the nets. Next day at 2 A.M. they will set out to sea again.

Rural Livelihoods Class 6 HBSE Notes

• Blacksmith: A man engaged in making iron goods, tools, instruments, etc.
• Villager: A citizen of India living in a village and occupied with agriculture.
• Chakhesang Community: People of Chizami Village in Nagaland.
• Community: The people living in one place, district, or country are combined known with this term.
• Family: The smallest unit of society consisting of parents and their children.
• Heterogeneous: Consisting of many different kinds of people.
• Catamaran: Catamaran is a small boat used for catching fish.
• Migration: The movement of people from one place to another to find jobs is termed migration.
• Fisherman: A person engaged in the work of catching fish.

Haryana State Board HBSE 6th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 7 Urban Administration Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 6th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 7 Urban Administration

HBSE 6th Class Civics Urban Administration Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
List at least four different tasks that the Municipal does.
Answer:
1. It manages to collect garbage and disposes of in the proper place.
2. It takes care of the situation of the town.
3. It builds roads and repairs them whenever required.
4. It takes care of the water supply and keeps the streets and roads clean.

Question 2.
Fill in the blanks in the sentences below.
1. In a panchayat the elected members are called ———— .
2. The city is divided into several ———— .
3. In a municipal corporation the elected members are called ———— .
4. Group of councillors deal with issues that affect the ———— .
5. Elections are held once every ———— years for the panchayat as well as for the municipality.
6. While the councillors make decisions the administrative staff led by the Commissioner ———— these.
Answer:
(1) Panchs
(2) Wards
(3) Councillors
(4) entire city
(5) five
(6) implement

Question 3.
What was Gangabai protesting about?
Answer:
Gangabai was protesting about the filthy environment of her locality.

Question 4.
Why do you think Gangabai decided to approach the Ward Councillor?
Answer:
Gangabai decided to approach the Ward Councillor because it was Ward Councillor’s duty to look after the sanitation in his locality.

Question 5.
What did Gangabai say when the Commissioner told that there were not enough trucks in the city?
Answer:
When the Commissioner said that there were not enough trucks in the city, Gangabai said. But you seem to have enough trucks to, collect garbage from the rich localities.

EXERCISE

Question 1.
Why did the children go to Yasmin Khala’s house?
Answer:
The children had broken street lights while playing cricket. They had no knowledge how the light was to be replaced and to whom they should pay the compensation. They first went to Rehana’s mother who gave them knowledge that it was the duty of municipal corporation to replace the lights. She directed them to Yasmin Khala’s house as she had just retired from the Municipal Corporation. So, children went to Yasmin Khala’s house to get their problems solved.

Question 2.
List four ways in which the work of the Municipal Corporation affects the life of city dweller.
Answer:
The four ways in which the Municipal Corporation affects the life of a city dweller are:
(i) It takes care of street lights, garbage collection, water supply, keeping the streets and the market clean.
(ii) It ensures that diseases do not break out in the city.
(iii) It runs school, hospitals and dispensaries.
(iv) It makes garbage around the city and maintains them.

Question 3.
Who is a Municipal Councillor?
Answer:
Municipal Councillor is an elected representative of a ward. He is also known as the ward councilor.

Question 4.
What did Gangabai do and why?
Answer:
Gangabai and women in the locality were upset over the garbage lying in the streets and unhygienic condition of the society. Gangabai proposed that it was the Ward Councillor who they should go to. Gangabai was confident that they had the right to do so as they were ones who elected him.

Question 5.
How does the Municipal Corporation earn the money to do its work?
Answer:
The Municipal Corporation is responsible for all round development of the society. It provides many services which requires a lot of money. The Municipal Corporation earn the money by collecting taxes from the people. It levied taxes on property, water and other services. Taxes are levied on the measurement and consumption of services. Taxes are also levied on education and other amenities like owning a hotel, entertainment etc.

Question 6.
Discuss:


In the two photograph you see different ways of collecting disposing garbage.
1. Which way do you think safety to person disposing garbage?
2. What are the dangers of collecting in the manner shown in the first photograph?
3. Why do you think that the proper ways of disposing garbage are not available to those who work in municipalities?
Answer:
1. In photograph-2, safer means for disposal of garbage are being adopted.

2. Dangers of collecting garbage in the manner shown in the photograph-1 are:
(i) The animals roaring around garbage dump may cause injury/harm/ hurt to them personally.
(ii) Always a fear of being get seriously ill or fall in the grip of serious diseases.

3. Municipalities have less facilities and transportation available to dispose garbage as compared to the corporations. In other words corporations are meant for big cities or Metropolitian cities. Due to growing population and slums a number of steps were taken by corporations to over come these problems. So, ways of disposing garbage are less available to those who work in municipalities.

Question 7.
Several poor people in the work as domestic servants as well as work for the Corporation, keeping the city clean. Yet the slums in which they live are quite filthy. This is because these slums seldom have any water and sanitation facilities. The reason often given by the Municipal Corporation is that the land in which the poor have set up their homes does not belong to them and that slum-dwellers do not pay taxes. However, people living in middle class neighbourhood, pay very little in taxes compared to the amount of money the corporation spends on them in setting up parks, street lighting facilities, regular garbage collection etc. Also as you read in this chapter, the property taxes collected by the Municipality makes up only 25-30 per cent of its money. Why do you think it is important that the Corporation should spend more money on slum localities? Why is it important that the Municipal Corporation provide the poor in the city with the same facilities that the rich get?
Answer:
The Corporation should spend of money on slum localities because:
(i) The share of general public in corporations earning stand between 70-75 per cent in terms of collection of various axes excluding only property tax.
(ii) Sanitation and light fall in the category of basic needs mandatory to provide by corporation like authority in a city.
(iii) These effects part of corporation would in long terms, bring buoyancy to its earning through taxes when parks, schools, water and electricity etc. facilities are provided with the poor in slums. Again it would inspire them to prepare for better in future.

HBSE 6th Class Civics Urban Administration Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is a Ward?
Answer:
Ward is a division of city for the purpose of municipal or corporation election.

Question 2.
What is a property tax?
Answer:
People who own homes pay proper tax. The larger the house the more the tax.

Question 3.
What is a Metropolitan city?
Answer:
A city in which people from different, religion, state and caste live together is called a metropolitan city.

Question 4.
Whose job is to replace the street light?
Answer:
It is the job of the Municipal Corpo-ration of the city to replace the street lights.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is sub-contracting? What did Yasmin Khala tell about this in case of garbage collection?
Answer:
Subcontracting means that the work that was earlier being done by government workers is how being done by a private company. Yasmin Khala told that in order to save money the Commissioners of several munici-palities across the country had hired private contractors to collect and process garbage.

Question 2.
What are hazards and dis-advantages associated with the job of collecting garbage?
Answer:
(i) The contract workers get paid less.
(ii) Their jobs are temporary.
(iii) It is quite a dangerous job.
(iv) The contract’ workers do not have any access to safety measures.
(v) They are not taken care of if they are injured while working.

Question 3.
How does the state government help the Municipalities?
Answer:
The sources of income of the Municipalities are very limited while the expenditures are more then the income. The state government helps the Municipalities by giving grants to them.

Question 4.
How are complicated decisions taken?
Answer:
Complicated decisions usually affect the entire city and therefore these decision are taken by groups of councillor who form committees to decide and debts issue. For example, if bus stands need to be improved or a crowded market place needs to have its garbage cleared more regularly.

Question 5.
What are major features and facilities available in a city?
Answer:
Major features and facilities available in a city are:
(a) Crowded markets
(b) Bigger in size then villages
(c) Many buses and cars
(d) Water facilities
(e) Electricity facilities
(f) Hospitals and schools

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are the three main functions of the district administration?
Answer:
The three functions of the district administration are:
(i) To maintain law and order: To perform this task, all officers work under the supervision of the Collector.

(ii) To maintain land record and realise land revenue: For this purpose. Tehsildar, Naib Tehsildar, Kanungo and Lekhpal (Patwari) assist the Collector. He also provides relief when unforeseen situations as epidemics, famine are befallen.

(iii) To provide civic amenities: The district administration provide civic amenities as health facilities, education, means of transport, repair of roads etc.

Question 2.
What are the main functions performed by the Municipality or Municipal Corporation?
Answer:
The functions of the Municipality or a Municipal Corporation are generally similar. These are.
1. Functions for maintaining public health:
(i) They arrange for the disposal wastes causes numerous diseases.
(ii) They construct sewage, drain out dirty water from our cities and villages.
(iii) They protect the people from epidemics and other diseases like small-pox, cholera. They make suffice arrangements for vaccination and inoculation of the people.
(iv) They construct public latrines and urinals.
(v) They maintain dispensaries and hospitals to treat the sick.

2. Functions of Public Convenience:
(i) They arrange for water and electricity.
(ii) They maintain and repair roads, bridges and streets.
(iii) They plant trees along the roads for the convenience of travellers.
(iv) They make arrangements for the primary education of the children. For this, schools are maintained with proper basic facilities.
(v) They also manage libraries, museums and zoological parks etc.
(vi) It makes arrangements for playgrounds, parks and gardens.

3. Maintaining optional or miscellaneous departments:
(i) It maintains fire engines for extinguishing fire.
(ii) It checks food adulteration.
(iii) They remove obstacles from the public roads.
(iv) They maintain records of births and deaths.
(iv) It approves the plans of houses to be built in its areas.
(vi) They make arrangement for cremation and burial grounds.
(vii) Corporation issue permission to set-up petrol pumps, cinema houses etc.
(viii) Corporation also set-up homes for helpless women and children.

4. Tax Collection:
It impose and collect taxes like house tax, vehicles tax etc.

Urban Administration Class 6 HBSE Notes

• Municipal Corporation: Civic body in big cities is called Municipal Corporation.
• Municipal Council (Municipality): The civic body in small towns and cities is termed as municipal Council.
• Ward Councillor: Elected representative of a ward in a corporation is called Ward Councillor.
• Municipal Commissioner: The chief executive and administrator of the Municipal Corporation is called Municipal Commissioner.
• Public Defence: The maintenance of fire engines for extinguishing fire, checking food adulteration etc. .
• Mayor: Presiding officer or Chairman of a municipal corporation.
• Aldermen: Members of municipal bodies choosen for their experience and distinguished services.
• Democracy: A government of the people, for the people, and by the people.
• Collector: The highest officer of the district.
• Tehsildar: He is in charge of everything relating to land and land disputes in the district.
• The Sessions Judge: He conducts/administers the highest criminal court in the district

Haryana State Board HBSE 6th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 6 Rural Administration Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 6th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 6 Rural Administration

HBSE 6th Class Civics Rural Administration Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
If there is a theft in your house which police station would you go to register your complaint?
Answer:
In such a situation I would go to the police station of my area to register my complaint.

Question 2.
What was the dispute between Mohan and Raghu?
Answer:
Raghu had taken over some of Mohan’s land and increased the size of his own field. Angry Mohan went to Raghu’s house to make complaints. But Raghu did not accept what he had done with Mohan’s land. This caused a dispute between the two.

Question 3.
Why was Mohan worried about picking a quarrel with Raghu?
Answer:
Mohan was worried about picking a quarrel with Raghu because Raghu’s uncle was the Sarpanch of the village. Raghu was quite influential as his family owned many fields. None in the village had ever dared to confront him. Mohan, being a small farmer had picked up courage to make complaints about what Raghu had done.

Question 4.
Some people said Mohan should report the matter to the police and others said he should not. What were the arguments they gave?
Answer:
Some people suggested Mohan to go to the police station to report the matter. Since Mohan was badly hurt on his head and hand, his friend suggested that they should go to the local police station and file a report. Others said that Mohan should not go to the police station as they know about Raghu’s influence and power. They also know that Raghu’s uncle was the sarpanch of the village. They felt reporting the case at the police station would involve a lot of money and nothing would come out it.

Question 5.
The Khasra record of the Patwari gives you information regarding the map given below. It identifies which plot of land is owned by whom. Look at both the records and the answer the questions given below regarding Mohan and Raghu’s land.


(1) Who owns the land south of Mohan’s field?
(2) Mark the common boundary between Mohan’s and Raghu’s land.
(3) Who can use field no. 3?
(4) What information can one get field no. 2 and field no. 3?
Ans.
(i) Raghu owns the land south of Mohan’s field.
(ii) Common boundary is marked with dark line.
(iii) Madhya Pradesh government can use field No 3.
(iv) The total area of field 2 is 2.75 hectare it belongs to Raghu who grows soyabean and wheat in this field. The land is not on rent and it is irrigated. Second crop is grown in 1.75 hectare. 0.2 hectare of the total area is a fallow land. There is one well in the field and it is working.

Field No. 3 belongs to Madhya Pradesh government. It is a grassland. It is not on rent. There is one well in the field and it is working. This grassland is used for grazing purposes.

EXERCISE

Question 1.
What is the work of the police?
Answer:
The work of the police is to:
(a) maintain law and order to establish peace in the society.
(b) to register case of theft, accident, injury, fights etc.
(c) to inquire, investigate and take action on the cases within its area.

Question 2.
List two things that the work of a Patwari includes.
Answer:
(a) Patwari measures land and keeps land records.
(b) He organises the collection of land revenue from the farmers and provides information to the government about the crops grown in that area.

Question 3.
What is the work of a tehsildar?
Answer:
(a) A tehsildar supervises the work of the Patwari.
(b) It hears disputes.
(c) It ensures that records are properly kept and land revenue is collected.
(d) He also sees to it that the farmers can easily obtain a copy of their record and students can obtain their caste certificates etc.

Question 4.
What issue is the poem trying to raise? Do you think this is an important issue? Why?
Answer:
The poem emphasises on the rights of a girl child. It is trying to raise the issue of inheritance of daughters and mothers in the property of their father/husband.

This is an important issue because in our country before Hindu Succession Amendment Act (2003) women can not get a share in the family’s agricultural land and after her father/ husband death the property was equally divided among her sons. This poem highlights that Dowry is not a compensation to a girl child. It should be abolished.

Question 5.
In what ways are the work of a Panchayat that you read about in the previous chapter and the work of the Patwari related to each other?
Answer:
Village Panchayat tries to solve the problem of the villagers at village level, and make it sure that the life of the people could be made prosperous. Patwari is a Government official at village level, who measures the land and collects the land revenue at village level.

The works of the Village Panchayat and Patwari are related to each other because they equally work for the welfare of the villagers. The revenue collected by Patwari is spent on welfare of the people.

Question 6.
Visit a police station and find out the work that the police have to do to prevent and maintain law and order in their area especially during festivals, public-meetings etc.?
Answer:
Police exercise following programs to prevent the crime and to maintain law and order in their areas:
1. Recruitment and deployment of Special Task Force to handle different crucial situations.
2. The police officer always keeps a vigilant eye on the criminals.
3. To ensure internal peace and justice (i.e. law and order position) these are kept open for twenty four hours a day.
4. During festivals they move with the public in civil dress, so that they can keep festivals free from apprehension of any mishappening.
5. To control the rush they make barrier and check post at various entrance.
6. Police can stop the people taking weapon inside the area/campus of the fair or festival.

Question 7.
Who is in-charge of all police stations in a district? Find out.
Answer:
The In-Charge of all police stations in district is Senior Superintendent of Police (S.S.P). The in-charge of a police station is known as S.H.O. (Station House Officer).

Question 8.
How do women benefit under new law?
Answer:
New Law: Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act, 2005 is known as New Law.
According to this law, women in India can get a share in the family’s agricultural land. Women get equal share in the property/lands.
Benefit of Law: Women can get transfer land and even purchased land. They can also take share of family’s land or property.

Question 9.
In your neighbourhood are there women who own property? How did they acquire it?
Answer:
Yes, In our neighbourhood there are women who owned their property. They acquired it with the help of their village Patwari and their brothers or sisters.

HBSE 6th Class Civics Rural Administration Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is called bund?
Answer:
The boundary that separates one land from another is called ‘bund’.

Question 2.
How does the Patwari measure the agricultural fields?
Answer:
The Patwari measures the land with the help of chain.

Question 3.
What is the work of Tehsildar?
Answer:
Tehsildar supervises the work of the Patwari and ensures that records are properly kept and land revenue is collected.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How would have Patwari decided whether the common boundary of Mohan and Raghu Helds had been shifted?
Answer:
Patwari would have measured both Mohan’s and Raghu’s fields and compared them with the measurements on the map. If they did not match, then it was obvious that the boundaries had been changed.

Question 2.
When do you think farmer may require a copy of his land record?
Answer:
We think farmer may require a copy of his land record when:
1. he wants to sell or buy his land.
2. he wants loan from bank to dig a tubewell for his land.
3. he divides his property.

Question 3.
Mention any three works of the revenue department of the government.
Answer:
1. The revenue department of the government supervisor the work of the Patwari.
2. It ensures that records are properly kept and land revenue is collected.
3. It is the revenue department that makes the students obtain their caste certificates.
4. It also resolves the revenue deposits.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain the right of women in property before and after Hindu Succession Amendment Act, 2005.
Answer:
Before:
1. Hindu women did not get a share in the family’s agricultural land.
2. After the death of the father, property was divided equally only among his sons.

After:
1. In the new law sons, daughters and their mothers can get an equal share in the land.
2. The new law will benefit a large number of women.
3. They can enjoy their independent status with equal rights.

Rural Administration Class 6 HBSE Notes

• Nayaya Panchayat: A rural body of local administration constituted for disposal of funds, quarrels disputes of minor nature.
• Chokidar: Chokidar in a village keeps birth and death record and also works as a messenger between the people and Gram Panchayat or any Government agency related with the welfare of the village.
• Patwari: He is the land revenue officer at village level. He measure the land of the farmer and keeps the record.
• Tehsildar: He is the officer at district level. He keeps a checking eyes on revenue officers.
• Lekhpal, Kanungo or Karamchari, or Village Officer: These are the different names of the Patwari. He is known by different names in different parts of our country.
• Khasra Number: These are the number used for land which is owned by an individual villager or village community.
• A New Law: According to the new law, the son, daughter, and their mother can get equal parts of (shares of) the land owned by Karta of their family.
• S.H.O: Station House Officer of a police station or a person in charge of the police station.
• S.S.P: Senior Superintendent of Police is the highest rank of a police officer at the district level.

Haryana State Board HBSE 6th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 5 Panchayati Raj Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 6th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 5 Panchayati Raj

HBSE 6th Class Civics Panchayati Raj Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What is Gram Sabha?
Answer:
The Gram Sabha is a meeting with all adults who live in the area covered by a Panchayat.

Question 2.
In the meeting of the Gram Sabha so far, what are the problems that are being discussed? What sort of solutions is being discussed?
Answer:
Several problems are being discussed in the meeting of the Gram sabha:
(а) Problem of water shortages.
(b) Finalisation of the list of people below the poverty line (BPL) which had to be approved by the Gram Sabha.

Question 3.
Was there a problem with the BPL list that the Gram Sabha was finishing?
What was this problem?
Answer:
Yes, there was a problem with the BPL list that the Gram Sabha was finalising the name of one landless labourer Om Prakash was not on the list.

Question 4.
Why do you think Soorajmal kept quiet even though Saroj asked him to speak?
Answer:
Soorajmal kept quiet even though Saroj asked him to speak because Amirchand, a powerful and influential man was sitting in the Gram Sabha.

Question 5.
Have you seen any similar incidents when people are unable to speak for themselves. Why do you think that happened and what prevented the person from speaking?
Answer:
When people consider someone very powerful in the society; people are unable to speak for themselves. They are so used to that person in the society to speak. For themselves so that even if some have problem.

Question 6.
How can the Gram Sabha prevent the Panchayat gram doing what it like?
Answer:
The Gram Sabha prevent the Panchayat from doing wrong things like misusing money or favouring certain people.
(a) It keeps an eye on the elected representatives.
(b) It makes them responsible to the persons who elected them.

Question 7.
What decisions were taken by the Gram Panchayat?
Answer:
The Gram Panchayat took the following decisions:
(a) The Gram Panchayat decided to deepen two handicaps and clean one well so that the villagers would not go without water.
(b) The Gram Panchayat members were also keen for at long term solutions of water shortages.
(c) The Gram Panchayat suggested for the watershed development programme.

Question 8.
Do you think it was necessary for them to take these decisions?Why?
Answer:
It was necessary for them to take these decisions because the problem of water shortages was becoming a cute.

EXERCISE

Question 1.
What problem did the villagers in Hardas village face?What did they do solve this problem:
Answer:
The villagers in Hardas village were facing the water problem. The problem when brought to and discussed in the Gram Sabha meeting a conclusion was arrived at and thus watershed development programme came into operation. Soon, it was completed and the villagers took a sigh of relief.

Question 2.
What in your opinion is the importance of the Gram Sabha?Do you think all members should attend Gram Sabha meeting?Why?
Answer:
The Gram Sabha is of great importance to all of as who are living in villages. In Gram Sabha, all important issues regarding the development of a village are discussed and Gram Panchayat works according to the agenda laid down in and passed by the Gram Sabha.
Yes, all the members should attend Gram-Sabha meeting because this practice will automatically educate the participants and they would learn the procedure of calling meeting and all other allied there too.

Question 3.
What is the link between a Gram Sabha and a Gram Panchayat?
Answer:
The Gram Sabha and Gram Panchayat works at village level. Gram Sabha is a place where all important plants for the works of Gram Panchayat are placed before the people. Gram Sabha also keeps monitoring on functioning of Gram Panchayat.

Gram Sabha and Gram Panchayat are linked with each other because through the meeting of Gram Sabha, Gram Panchayat comes to know about the problems of the people and try to solve them.

Question 4.
Take an example of any one task done by a Panchayat in your area/nearby rural and find out the following:
(a) Why it was taken up
(b) Where the money comes from
(c) Whether or not work has been completed?
Answer:
Task: Laving out a link road/approach through way through out mohalla (settlement) to the main road.

Reasons:
Colony people were facing problems in transportation of goods (i.e. apples, pear, peach etc.) to Haldwani Mandi. Money for project came from Rural Development fund, cess on peddlers, fairs etc., grant in aid from Kapileshwar. Trust and subscription collected from every resident of the village was also added therewith. The Link- Road was completed a fortnight before the date completion agreed to by the contractor Jagmohan Singh viz with 60 days.

Question 5.
What is the difference between a Gram Sabha and a Gram Panchayat?
Answer:
Gram Sabha
1. Every adult man and woman in village who has attained the age of 18 years or above; are the members of the Gram Sabha.
2. The number of members can be between 100 to 1000.
3. There is no concept of reservation.
4. It is a bigger body.

Gram Panchayat
1. The members of the Gram Sabha elect some representatives from themselves to form Gram Panchayat.
2. The number of members can be from 7 to 31.
3. Out of total, 1/3rd seats are reserved for women and some for scheduled castes and schedule tribes.
4. It is a smaller body then Gram Sabha

Question 6.
Read the following news item:
Nimone is a village on the Chauphula-Shinur Road. Like many others, this village has also been facing a severe water shortage for the last few months and villagers depend on tankers for all their needs. Bhagwan Mahadeo Lad (35) of this village was beaten with sticks, iron rods and axes by a group of seven men. The incident came to light when some villagers brought a badly injured Lad to hospital for treatment. In the FIR recorded by the police Lad said that he was attacked when he insisted that the water in the tanker must be emptied into the storage tanks he insisted as a part of the water supply scheme by Nimone Gram Panchayat so that there would be equal distribution of water. However, he alleged that the upper caste men were against this and told him that tanker water was not meant for the lower castes. (Adopted from Indian Express May 1, 2004)
(a) Why was Bhagwan beaten?
(b) Do you think the above is a case discrimination?Why?
Answer:
(a) Bhagwan Mahadeolal was beaten with sticks, iron and axes by seven men. He was beaten because he wanted the water tanker: should be emptied into storage tank built by the Nimone Gram Panchayat, so that there could be equal distribution of water. But the people of upper class did not tolerate it. So he was beaten by them.

(b) Yes, we think that this is a case of discrimination because from the above news, we come to know that the people of upper castes were against the equal distribution of water. They (upper caste men) think that the water in tanker was only for them, not for the lower caste.

Question 7.
Find out more about watershed development and how it benefits an areas.
Answer:
Watershed Development: The ways of conserving water and refilling it by cyclic and anticyclic process is situated in a village in Maharashtra state. This process is known as water-shed development and the State ! Government provide money for this work.

For water conserving and refilling, people planted trees, constructed check dam and tanks which increase the water table. (For more detail visited with your teacher in an area where water shed development are being ; planned.)

HBSE 6th Class Civics Panchayati Raj Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Who can be a member of the Gram Sabha?
Answer:
Anyone who is 18 years old or more and who has the right to vote is a member of the Gram Sabha.

Question 2.
What is the term of the Gram Panchayat?
Answer:
The Gram Panchayat is elected for five years.

Question 3.
Who are the members of the construction and development committees of Gram Sabha?
Answer:
The construction and development committees of the Gram Sabha include some members of the Gram Panchayat who work together to carry out specific tasks.

Question 4.
Why is the Nirmal Gram Puruskar awarded and to whom?
Answer:
The Nirmal Gram Puruskar is awarded to the village Panch/Panchs for the excellent work done by him/them in the Panchayat.

Question 5.
To whom are the Panchs and the Gram Panchayat answerable?
Answer:
The Panchs and the Gram Panchayat are answerable to Gram Sabha?

Question 6.
Who has to approve the work of the Gram Panchayat?
Answer:
The work of the Gram Panchayat has to be approved by the Gram Sabha.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is meant by the Panchayati Raj system?
Answer:
Panchayati Raj system is a process through which people participate in their own government. The Panchayati Reg system is the first tier or level of democratic government.

Question 2.
Name the three levels or tiers of the Panchayati Raj system.
Answer:
The three tiers of the Panchayati Raj system are:
1. Village Panchayat in the villages.
2. Panchayat Samiti or Janpad Panchayat at the Block level.
3. Zila Parishad in the Districts.

Question 3.
What are the main functions of the Zila Parishad?
Answer:
(i) The main functions of the Zila Parishad is to co-ordinate all the activities of the Panchayati Raj.
(ii) It gives advice to the State Government on the work of Panchayats and Samitis.
(iii) It prepares a plan for its district development.
(iv) It implements all programmes coming under a five year plan.
(v) It divides the funds received from the State government among the Block Samitis and the Gram Panchayats.

Question 4.
What are the sources of income of Zila Parishad?
Answer:
Chief sources of the income of a Zila Parishad are as under:
(i) Taxes on fairs and circus etc.
(ii) Taxes on houses, shops, land, water and electricity.
(iii) Loans raised from the public if need arises.
(iv) Grant-in-aid from the state government.
(v) Rent of houses and shops owned by it.

Question 5.
In what ways is the local govern-ment important?
Answer:
(i) By the local government, the local people tries to solve their problems without depending on state level administration.
(ii) It develops the feeling of self-reliance among local people.
(iii) It develops initiative and the spirit of co¬operation.
(iv) It trains local people in running the central and the state administration.
(v) It finishes the local work with speed and with the least expenditure.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Describe the composition of a Village Panchayat.
Answer:
A Village Panchayat is divided into wards. Each ward elects a representative who is known as the Ward member, also called Panch. All the members of the Gram Sabha also elect a Sarpanch who is called Panchayat President. The Ward Panchs and the Sarpanch form the Gram Panchayat. The tenure of the Gram Panchayat is five years.

The Gram Panchayat and the Gram Sabha have a common Secretary. He is a person whom the government appoints. Thus, he is not an elected person. The Secretary is responsible for calling the meeting of the Gram Sabha and Gram Panchayat. He also keeps records of the proceedings of the meeting.

Question 2.
How is a Village Panchayat formed?
OR
Discuss the three organs of Village Panchayat.
Answer:
Village Panchayat has three important organs:
(i) The Gram Sabha: It consists of representatives directly elected by the villagers. It may consists of one village or a group of villages.
(ii) Gram Panchayat: The members of the Gram Sabha elect some representatives from among themselves to form Gram panchayat. It also have reserve seat for scheduled castes, scheduled tribes and women.
(iii) Nyaya Panchayat: Each Village Panchayat elects some members to the Nyaya Panchayat which resolve minor disputes of the villagers.

Panchayati Raj Class 6 HBSE Notes

• Panchayati Raj: Panchayati Raj means grass root governance at village level by the villagers themselves and local self-government.
• Local Government: A government which is run by the elected representatives of the local people.
• Distt. Commissioner: An officer who looks after the district administration.
• Village Panchayat: A committee of five or more village elders is formed to improve the condition of the village.
• Gram Sabha: All men and women of a village whose age is 18 years or above constitute the GramSabha.
• Block Samiti: The committee that works at the block level is called the Block Samiti.
• Block: Some village panchayats join together to form a block.
• Zila Parishad: The Zila Parishad works at the district level. It prepares the plans for the development of a zila or district.

Haryana State Board HBSE 6th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 4 Key Elements of a Democratic Government Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 6th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 4 Key Elements of a Democratic Government

HBSE 6th Class Civics Key Elements of a Democratic Government Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What were Hector and his classmates protesting about?
Answer:
Hector and his classmates were protesting against learning the Afrikaans language in school. They did not want to learn this language as this was spoken by the whites and they had their own language which they wanted to learn.

Question 2.
List five ways in which the non-whites were discriminated against.
Answer:
The five ways in which the non-whites were discriminated against were as follows:
(a) There were separate trains and buses for non-whites.
(b) There were separate hospitals for them.
(c) An ambulance meant for white people would always be equipped while one meant for black was not.
(d) Non-whites had to live on the worst available land.

Question 3.
Do you think it is important for all persons to be treated equally? Why?
Answer:
Yes, it is important for all persons to be treated equally. This is so because all human being have same body system, heart, bones. Everybody has the right to lead a dignified life.

Question 4.
Why do you think elections are required after a fixed period?
Answer:
Elections are required after a fixed period because only in this way the power of the government gets limited. ‘

DISCUSS

Question 1.
In Maya’s story did the government support the idea that people are equal?
Answer:
In Maya’s story, the government did not support the idea that people are equal.

Question 2.
In Dr. Ambedkar’s story did the practice of untouchability support the idea that people are equal?
Answer:
In Dr. Ambedkar’s story, the practice of untouchability did not support the idea that people are equal. It supported the idea of discrimination and unjust or unequal situation.

EXERCISE

Question 1.
How would Maya’s life be different in South Africa today?
Answer:
Today South Africa is governed by democratic form of government but just before two decades, this country was governed by apartheid laws. In Modern South Africa, people enjoy democratic rights equally and all the citizens would enjoy equal public facilities. So Maya’s life would be quite comfortable today she would go to same school as whites receive equal treatment in schools and equal medical facilities.

Question 2.
What are the various ways in which people participate in the process of government?
Answer:
There are various ways in which people participate in the process of government:
1. People participate in the government by voting in the election and electing their leaders.
2. People protest against social disturbances in the form of dharnas, hold rallies, strikes, signature campaigns etc. and persuade government to set things right.
3. Members of the minority community can participate in the process of government by organising rallies for their rights.

Question 3.
Why do you think we need the government to find solutions to many disputes or conflicts?
Answer:
We need the government to find solutions to many disputes or conflicts because it is the government which makes laws, executes them and gives decisions. The government represents the country and also the head of the constitutional system. Government has to compensate people who are killed, wounded or whose properties are destroyed in violent accidents.

Question 4.
What action does the government take to ensure that all people are treated equally?
Answer:
The government takes the following actions to ensure that all people are tracked equally:
1. All citizen are equal before law.
2. Our constitution does not allow us to discriminate between people on the basis of caste, creed, religion or sex.
3. The government has reserved seats for scheduled castes and tribes in educational institutions and jobs.

Question 5.
Read through the chapter and discuss the pay ideas of democratic government. Make a list.
Answer:
1. All people are equal before law.
2. Democratic government for the people, Of the people and by the people.
3. All people above the age of 18 have a right to vote and choose their own representatives.

HBSE 6th Class Civics Key Elements of a Democratic Government Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write the name of one black township.
Answer:
One black township was south-western township or SOWETO.

Question 2.
What is meant by consensus?
Answer:
Everyone has the same view regarding an issue.

Question 3.
What does apartheid mean?
Answer:
Apartheid means separation on the basis of race.

Question 4.
Why is voting important in a democracy?
Answer:
Voting is important in a democracy because people elect leaders to represent them.

Question 5.
Posters on the walls have been banned. Why?
Answer:
The posters on the walls have been banned because
(i) it spoils the city’s look.
(ii) many a times the posters are pasted on important sign boards and even road maps.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is the role of the police in a democratic country when processions are taken out?
Answer:
(i) Religious processions and celebrations may sometimes lead to a conflict, the government, specially the police plays an important role in getting representatives of concerned communities to meet and try to arrive at a solution.

(ii) Sometimes there is a fear that violence may erupt, with people throwing stones or trying to disrupt the procession. The police is responsible for ensuring that violence does not take place.

Question 2.
How did people react when in August 2005, a particular government increased the money people had to pay for electricity?
Answer:
When in August 2005, a particular government increased the money people had to pay to electricity.
(i) People expressed their disapproval sharply.
(ii) They took out rallies and also organised a signature campaign.

Question 3.
How can rivers become a source of conflict?
Answer:
Rivers can become a source of conflict because a river may begin in one state, flow through another and end in a third. The sharing of river water between different states that the river goes through beaming and issue of conflict.

Question 4.
What is the dispute between Karnataka and Tamil Nadu regarding Krishna Sagar dam and Mellur dam.
Answer:
The downstream dam in Tamil Nadu can only be filled up water as released from the upstream one located in Karnataka. Therefore, both states cannot get as much water as they need for people in their states.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are the functions of the government in a developing economy?
Answer:
In developing countries like India, Pakistan and Bangladesh, the following functions should be performed by the govern-ments of the respective countries:
Functions of the Government in a Developing Country
1. Defence of the Country:
The first and foremost function of a developing country should be the defence of its country. To defend the country from-the external invasion, a powerful army, navy and air force should be maintained.

2. To maintain internal law and order:
It is a very important function of the government to maintain internal law and order. The government should make such laws which regulate the relations among the people. A country cannot make any progress if people are prey to internal disturbances.

3. Protection of life and property of the people:
The government must protect the life and property of the people. It is one of the primary duties of the government that it should make all possible arrangements for the safety and security of the life and property. Everybody should feel physically and economically secure in the state.

4. To maintain healthy relations with other countries:
In the modern age, no state can live in isolation. Each state depends on other states for the fulfillment of its various needs. The states are to maintain friendly relations among themselves

Question 2.
Briefly explain any six essential conditions for the successful working of a democracy.
Answer:
The following six conditions are considered to be essential for the successful working of a democracy:
1. A spirit of tolerance and co-operation:
As democracy is a government by discussion and criticism, it is essential that those in power should be respective to criticism. The minority group must extend full co-operation and support to the majority party.

2. Educated, alert and vigilant citizens can only understand the value of their vote and possess, the ability to understand national and international problems.

3. Economic equality before political equality: This is so because poor voters are not lured by monetary consideration to sell their votes.

4. The presence of local self-governing institutions: This leads to decentralization of power and flashes contemporary disposition of electorates i.e. citizens.

5. Existence of a healthy and well organised party system which resolute and benevolent opposition party play a positive and constructive role.

6. Presence of an independent press: This is important for getting accurate and unbiased information on national and international events.

Question 3.
Write about the conflict between the states of Karnataka and Tamilnadu over the issue of R. Cauvery?
Answer:
The rivers can become a source of conflict between states. A river may have its origin in one place and after flowing through many states they finally end its journey in the sea or ocean. The sharing of river water between different places that the river goes through is becoming an issue. There is a dispute between Karnataka and Tamilnadu over the sharing of the Cauvery water. The water stored in Krishnasagar dam in Karnataka is used for irrigation in several districts and for meeting the needs of various cities.

The water stored in Mettur dam of Tamilnadu is used for crops grown in the delta region of that state. A conflict arises because dams are on the same river. The downstream dam in Tamilnadu can only be filled up with water released from the upstream one located in Karnataka. So both the states cannot get as much water as they need for people in their states. This leads to conflict. The central government has to see that a fair distribution is worked out.

Key Elements of a Democratic Government Class 6 HBSE Notes

• Alien: A person who is not citizen of India.
• Government at the Centre: Government rules on whole country.
• Union List: The List on which only Parliament can make laws.
• Collective Responsibility: Responsibility of whole Cabinet.
• Democracy: Government made by the people, of the people and for the people.
• Bicameral Legislature: Two houses.
• Social Justice: It is a condition in which all citizens are treated as equal and no discrimination is made between them on the basis of caste or on the basis of being rich or poor.
• Economic Justice: It is a condition where all citizens are guaranteed decent standard of life.
• Ballot: A secret vote in which people seal out sign of the candidate they want to choose.
• Impeachment: The method of removal from the office of the President, Vice President, the Judges of Supreme Court and High Courts practised by the Parliament under certain circumstances.
• Federalism: A federal government in which government has two distinct levels: (a) State Government, (b) Central Government.
• Socialist State: A state in which means of production (such as land, mineral resources, mills and factories) and the means of distribution are in the hands of the Government.
• Democratic State: A democratic country is one in which administration is run by the elected representatives of the people.
• Republic State: A state in which the head of the State is elected.
• Apartheid Laws: Laws in which people are separated on the basis of race (i.e., Black, White and Indian Race).

Haryana State Board HBSE 6th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 3 What is Government Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 6th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 3 What is Government

HBSE 6th Class Civics What is Government Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Look at the newspaper headlines above and list the different kinds of activities that the government is reported to be doing in these newspaper headlines.
1.
2.
3.
4.

• Isn’t this a wide range of activities?
• What do you think the government is? Discuss in class.

Answer:

• List of the different kind of activities that the government is reported to be doing in the newspaper headlines:

1. The government protects the rights of unorganised workers.
2. It fixes prices of essential commodities when they are in short supply.
3. It tackles food.
4. It revamps coal and power sectors.
5. It declares villages scarcity hit and . provides relief.
6. It appoints judges to high courts and Supreme Court.

• Yes, the government has a wide range of activities.

In my opinion, the government is an organisation which looks after the public maintenance systems like roads, postal and railway service. It is also responsible for maintaining peaceful relations within nation and amongst the different nations. It protects the border of the country.

Question 2.
Can you list three things that the government does which have not been mentioned?
Answer:
The things that the government does which has not been mentioned are:
(i) to provide sanitation and pure drinking water facility to all the citizens of the nation.
(ii) to provide free education to children of the nation.
(iii) to give employment to all people more than 18 years of age.

Question 3.
Look at the statements in the column on the left. Can you identify which level they belong to? Place tick mark against the level you consider most appropriate:

	Local	State	Central
1. The decision to maintain peaceful relations with Russia.	•	•	•
2. The decision on whether to have Board exam conducted in Class VIII for all government in Kolkata.	•	•	•
3. Introduction of two new train connections between Jammu and Bhubaneshwar.	•	•	•
4. The decision to get common well constructed/ excavated in a particular area of the village.	•	•	•
5. Decision to construct a big children’s park in Patna.	•	•	•
6. The decision to provide free electricity for all farmers in Haryana.	•	•	•
7. Introduction of a new 1000 rupee note.	•	•	•

Answer:

	Local	State	Central
1. The decision to maintain peaceful relations with Russia.	•	•	✓
2. The decision on whether to have Board exam conducted in Class VIII for all government in Kolkata.	•	✓	•
3. Introduction of two new train connections between Jammu and Bhubaneshwar.	•	•	✓
4. The decision to get common well constructed/ excavated in a particular area of the village.	✓	•	•
5. Decision to construct a big children’s park in Patna.	•	✓	•
6. The decision to provide free electricity for all farmers in Haryana.	•	✓	•
7. Introduction of a new 1000 rupee note.	•	•	✓

Question 4.
Do you think it is important for people to be involved in decisions that affect them? Give two reasons for answer.
Answer:
Yes, it is important for people to be involved in decisions that affect them because:
(a) The people are affected by a rise in prices of essential commodities, so any extra-ordinary increase in prices should be consulted with the representatives of the people.

(b) If the government decides to convert a residential area to the commercial area, the representatives of the people should be consulted as it could effect the lives of the people.

Question 5.
Which type of government prefer to have in the place in which you live in? Why?
Answer:
I would like to have a democratic type of government in the places in which I live because it is a government of the people, for the people and by the people. A democratic government will be more considerate towards the needs of the people.

Question 6.
Which of the statements below is correct? Correct those sentences that you think need correction.
(a) In a monarchy the country’s citizens are allowed to elect whomever they want.
(b) In a democracy a king has an absolute powers to rule the country.
(c) In a monarchy, people can raise questions about the decisions the monarch takes.
Answer:
(a) In a monarchy, the king is chosen by the hereditary powers.
(b) In a democracy, the country is ruled by the representatives chosen by the people.
(c) In a monarchy, people can not raise questions about the decisions the monarch takes.

EXERCISE

Question 1.
What do you understand by the word ‘government’? List five ways in which you think the government affects your daily life.
Answer:
The Government is the name of an organisation through which, the will of the state is created, expressed and implemented.
The three main organs of the Government are:
(i) Legislative
(ii) Judiciary
(iii) Executive.

Govt, affects daily life in the following ways:
1. It takes decision to lay roads and build schools and health centers.
2. It takes action of social issues.
3. It protects the boundaries of state.
4. It makes law for the benefits of the people and implements them.
5. If there is dispute between two neighbouring states, the govt, does his best to end the cause of conflict.

Question 2.
Why do you think the Government make rules for everyone in the form of laws?
Answer:
Everyone who lives in a country must follow some rules and regulations. These laws are made by government and every citizen have to follow these laws. According to these laws, a government can function and make decision and vests with power to enforce these laws.

Govt, needs to make rules for everyone in the form of law because by doing so people can obey rule and thus the nation as a whole leads a secure life.

Question 3.
Name two essential features of a democratic government.
Answer:
Two features:
(i) Participation of people is necessity.
(ii) It acts according to the will of the people.

Question 4.
What was the suffrage movement? What did it accomplish?
Answer:

Suffrage Movement:
The word ‘suffrage’ means ‘right to vote’. This movement belongs to the women and poor people who have to fight for the participation in government. During the World War I, the struggle for the ‘right to vote’ got strengthened. The struggle comes to be known as ‘suffrage movement’.

Its accomplishments:
During the World War I, men were away from their house fighting in the battle field. At this time, women were called upon to do the work which were earlier done by men. Women did their best and try to manage and organise different kinds of works, People wonder to know that the women can do such work. Women began to be seen as being equally capable for doing hard work and making decision.

The people who were demanding the Right for Women and got their demand heard, they chained themselves to rallying in public places and meetings. In America, women were given right to vote in 1920 while in U.K. in 1928.

Question 5.
Gandhiji strongly believed that every adult in India should be given the right to vote. However, a few people don’t share his views. They feel that illiterate people, who are mainly poor, should not be given the right to vote. What do you think? Do you think this would be a form to discrimination? Give five points to support your view and share these with the class.
Answer:
All citizens are equal. The constitution aims at providing all equality to all its citizens.
• We have no right to discriminate any one on the basis of poverty.
• Even the illiterate people are the citizens of the nation. They should have the right to choose people who are going to be in their country.
• Our constitution provides equal voting right to all the citizens.
• We must honour dignity of every individual.

HBSE 6th Class Civics What is Government Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Why does every country need a government?
Answer:
Every country needs a government to make decisions and get things like building roads and schools done.

Question 2.
List the institutions which are a part of the government. Name three of them.
Answer:
The institutions which are a part of the government are:
(1) Supreme Court
(2) Indian Railways
(3) Bharat Petroleum

Question 3.
What is universal adult franchise?
Answer:
‘Universal adult franchise’ means that all adults in the country are allowed to vote.

Question 4.
Why is a mark put on the finger while vote?
Answer:
A mark is put on the finger to make sure that a person casts only one vote.

Question 5.
Under what circumstances a person may approach the court?
Answer:
If a person feels that a particular law is not being followed, he/she may approach the court.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are the three different levels of the government?
Answer:
The three different levels of the government are:
(a) Local level: It means the government in our village, town or locality.
(b) State level: It would mean the government that covers an entire state like Haryana or Assam.
(c) National level: It refers to the government of the entire country.

Question 2.
What do you mean by representative democracies?
Answer:
In representative democracies, people do not choose their representatives through an election process. These representatives meet and make decisions for the entire population.

Question 3.
The earliest forms of government were not democratic.
Answer:
In the earliest form of government, men would owned property and were educated, had right to vote. This meant that women, the poor, the property less and the uneducated ones were not allowed to vote. The country was governed by the rules and regulations that these few men made.

So the earliest forms of government were not democratic as it was not ruled by all the citizens of the country.

Question 4.
What is a monarchy?
Answer:
It is a type of government in which the monarch or the king has the powers to make laws and decisions and run the government. The king does not have to explain his action or defend the decisions he takes. He may be helped by a small group of people who help the king to take decisions.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Distinguish between democracy and monarchy.
Answer:

(a) Democracy is a government of the people, by the people and for the people. The re-presentatives of the people choose the government.	(a) It is the King or Queen who has the power to make decisions and run the government.
(b) The three levels of the government-legislative, executive and judiciary are the functionaries of the government.	(b) The monarch may have small group of people to discuss matters with, but the final decision making power remains with the monarch.
(c) The government has to explain its actions and defend its decisions to the people.	(c) Kings and Queens do not have to explain their actions or defend the decisions they make.
(d) People may change the ruling party through elections.	(d) The position of the king is hereditary.

Question 2.
What is the difference between the Federal and Unitary Governments?
Answer:
(i) In the Unitary form of Government, there is only one Central Government for the whole country while in the Federal Form; there is one Central and separate government in the provinces.
(ii) In the Federal form of Government the whole country is divided into some political units but in the Unitary form, the whole country is a single unit.
(iii) In the Unitary form, all the powers are vested in one Central Government, while there is a division of powers between the Federal and the State governments in the Federal forms.
(iv) In the Federal form of Government, mostly the Constitution is written and rigid while it is not so in the case of a Unitary State.

What is Government Class 6 HBSE Notes

• Government: The system or machinery present in each country in order to make directions for the proper running of the country is called a government.
• Laws: The rules laid down by the government for the proper functioning of the country are called laws.
• Democracy: A system of government in which people (citizens) of the country choose their leaders to rule is called democracy.
• Monarchy: Monarchy is the form of the government in which the King Queen or the Monarch takes decisions and makes laws for the entire country. His/Her position is hereditary too.
• Elections: The process in which a democratic country casts its votes to choose its leaders is called elections.
• Election Petition: If any voter or a candidate feels that the election in his constituency has not been conducted fairly, he can file an election petition against that election.
• Representative Democracy: A form of democracy in which people do not elect the government directly but only choose their representatives, who collectively form a government is called Representative Democracy.