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Haryana State Board HBSE 8th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 4 Understanding Laws Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 8th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 4 Understanding Laws

HBSE 8th Class Civics Understanding Laws Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Write in your own words what you understand by the term the ‘rule of law’. In your response include a fictitious or real example of a violation of the rule of law.
Answer:
Rule of law:
This means that all laws apply equally to all citizens of the country and no one can be above the law. Neither a government official, neither a wealthy person nor even the President of the country is above the law.
Example: Jones, a boy of 17 years belongs to an ordinary family. He is caught driving without licence. His parents are fined and put in jail.

Utkarsh, the son of minister of 16 years of age is also caught driving but since he is the son of minister; his parents are neither fined nor is he thrown in jail. This is an example of violation of rule of law.

Question 2.
State two reasons why historians refute the claim that the British introduced the rule of law in India.
Answer:
Two reasons why historians refute the claim that the British introduced the rule of law in India are:
(i) The colonial law was arbitrary, i.e., nothing was fixed under British rule and it was instead left to one’s choice or judgement.
(ii) The Indian Nationalists played a prominent role in the development of the legal spheres in British India.

Question 3.
Re-read the story board on how a new law on domestic violence got passed. Describe in your own words the different ways in which women’s groups worked to make this happen.
Answer:
People of India came to know from their own direct experiences and through observations and through mass-media that the Indian women were not treated equally and well at their homes and work-places.
(i) Several husbands beat their wives.
(ii) Some old women were ill-treated by their sons, daughters-in-law.
(iii) Some women (unmarried/widows/ divorces or having no kids) were verbally abused or insulting remarks were passed.
(iv) Some women who gave birth to only daughters, not a son were also abused.
Indian women wanted protection against being beaten, from all sorts of physical or social violence.

Throughout the 1990s the need for a new law for giving protection to women was raised in different forums. In 1999, a group of lawyers known as lawyers collective, law students and social activists, after a nationwide consultation, took the lead in drafting the domestic violence bill. Some NGOs started the women movement. The Parliament Standing Committee in its report accepted most of the demands of women’s group. Finally a bill was introduced in the parliament in 2005. After being passed by the Parliament and getting the approval of the President, the Domestic Violence Act came into effect in 2006.

Question 4.
Write in your own words what you understand by the following sentence on page 44-45.
They also began fighting for greater equality and wanted to change the idea of law from a set of rules that they were forced to obey, to law as including ideas of justice.
Answer:
(a) The word The/ in the above passage stands for the Indian nationalists who were participating in freedom.
(b) The nationalists wanted “rule of law’ dining the colonial period.
(c) They protested against the law that any one protesting or criticising the British Government could be arrested without due trial.
(d) The legal rights of Indians were defended.

HBSE 8th Class Civics Understanding Laws Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
When was the Sedition Act passed?
Answer:
1870.

Question 2.
What was Hindu Succession Amendment Act, 2005?
Answer:
According to Hindu succession Amendment Act; sons, daughters and their mothers can get an equal share of family property.

Question 3.
When does parliament need to change a law?
Answer:
Parliament needs to change a law when a large number of people begin to feel that a wrong law has been passed.

Question 4.
How did people become aware of the need of the Women Protection Law?
Answer:
NGOs and other awakened people met the members of the Indian Parliament to make laws for the protection of the women. They participated in conferences and group discussion.

Question 5.
What can the people do if they find any law unfavourable for them?
Answer:
If people find any law unfavourable for them, they can approach the court to decide on the issue. The court has the power to modify or cancel laws if it finds that they don’t adhere to the constitution.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
In which ways the Indians played a major role in the evolution of the rule of law during the colonial period?
Answer:
(i) Indians adopted legal profession and they demanded respect in the colonial courts.
(ii) They began to use law to defend the legal rights of Indians.
(iii) Indian judges also began to play a greater role in making decisions.

Question 2.
How can the voice of citizen be heard by the government or parliament?
Answer:
The voice of the citizen can be heard through TV reports, newspaper editorials, radio broadcasts, local meetings, etc.

Question 3.
Why did Rosa Parks an African- American woman refuse to give up her seat on a bus to white man
Answer:
Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on abus to white man because she was protestiig the law on segregation that divided up all public spaces, including the streets, between the Whites and the African-Americans.

Question 4.
Which event led to the start of the Civil Rights Movement in USA? Also write its one effect.
Answer:
Rosa Parks, an African-American woman refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white man marked the start of the Civil Rights Movement. This movement led to the Civil Right Act in 1964, which prohibited discrimination on the basis of race, religion or national origin in the USA.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is the role of parliament in making a law?
Answer:
(a) The Parliament is the law-making body at the central level. It frames new laws and amends or repeals them, if necessary, on all the 97 subjects of the Union list and all the Residuary Subjects which have not found a place in any of the lists.

(b) As far as the 47 subjects in the concurrent list are concerned, both the Parliament and the State Legislatures have got the right to make laws. But if any state law comes into conflict with the central law, the central law shall prevail.

(c) It can enact laws on the 66 subjects of the state list also if:
(i) The Rajya Sabha passes a resolution with 2/3 majority to the effect that the particular subject of the State List has come to assume national importance.
(ii) Two or more states request the Centre to pass a law for them on one or more subjects mutually agreed upon by them.
(iii) A state of national emergency is proclaimed by the President.
(iv) President takes over the administration of a state on the break-down of the constitutional machinery in that state.
Such laws will concern only the states for which they are passed.

Question 2.
How does a bill become a law?
Answer:
Acts, before they are passed by the Parliament, are called Bills. Bills are of two types-(a) Ordinary bills, and (b) Money Bills. Ordinary bills are those in which money is not involved while all such bills which are related to income and expenditure are called Money Bills. With a little difference in procedure, both the Ordinary Bills and Money Bills have to pass through various stages before they are finally passed. First is the stage of introduction.

Money Bills can be introduced only in the Lok Sabha while Ordinary Bills can be introduced in either of the two Houses of the Parliament. Then comes the Second Stage when the Bill is debated clause by clause and amendments, if any, and that too passed by a majority vote, are included in it. In the Third stage, the Bill is either passed or rejected as a whole. If passed, it is sent to the other house where the same procedure is adopted once again. If the Bill is passed by the second house also, it is sent to the President for his approval. After his assent, it becomes a law.

Picture-Based Questions

A. Look at the above picture and answer the following questions

Question 1.
Which incident is depicted in the above picture?
Answer:
Jallianwala Bagh massacre.

Question 2.
When did this happen?
Answer:
13 April, 1919.

Question 3.
Why had the public gathered at Jallianwala Bagh?
Answer:
The public had gathered at Jallianwala Bagh to:
(i) protest against the arrest of Dr. Satyapal and Dr. Saifuddin Kitchlew.
(ii) protest against the Rowlatt Act.

Question 4.
Who ordered the troops to fire?
Answer:
General Dyer ordered the troops to fire.

Question 5.
What happened as a consequence?
Answer:
Several hundreds of people died in the gunfire and many more were wounded including women and children.

Understanding Laws Class 8  HBSE Notes

• Violation of Law: To act or do something against the law (a crime).
• Rule of Law: To govern or to maintain or deal the situation according to law.
• Equality of the law: To consider all tUfe persons equal before law. Not to discriminate between persons on the basis of their caste, class, gender, religion, ideology and social backgrounds.
• Arbitrary: When nothing is fixed and is instead left to one’s judgement or choice.
  Sedition: This applies to anything that the Government might consider as stirring up resistance or rebellion against it.
• Criticise: To find fault with or disapprove of a person or thing.
• Evolution: This refers to the process of development from a simple to a complex form and is often used to discuss the development of a species of plants or animals.
• Repressive to control severely in order to prevent free and natural development or expression.
• Civil Cases: Cases relating to property, taxes, contracts, etc.
• Criminal Cases: Cases involving a violation of penal laws such as murder, theft, assault, etc.

Haryana State Board HBSE 8th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 3 Why Do We Need A Parliament? Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 8th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 3 Why Do We Need A Parliament?

HBSE 8th Class Civics Why Do We Need A Parliament? Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Why do you think the nationalist movement supported the idea that all adults have a right to vote?
Answer:
The nationalist movement supported the idea that all adults have a right to vote because:
(a) The nationalists had started openly criticizing the British government and make demands.
(b) As far back as 1885, the Indian National Congress demanded that there be elected members in the legislation with a right to discuss the budget and ask questions.
(c) The Government of India Act, 1909 allowed for some elected representation. However, they did not allow for all adults to vote nor could people participate in decision-making.
(d) With the coming of independence, it was felt that the government had to be sensitive to people’s needs and demands.
This led the nationalist movement to support the idea that all adults have a right to vote.

Question 2.
In this 2004 map of Parliamentary constituencies alongside, roughly identify the constituencies in your State. What is the name of the IMP from your constituency? How many MPs does your state have? Why are certain constituencies coloured green while others are coloured blue?
Answer:
Self-study for students. Take help from your teachers or other educated persons of your area.

Question 3.
You have read in Chapter 1 that the ‘Parliamentary form of government’ that exists in India has three tiers. This includes the Parliament (central government) and the various State Legislatures (state governments). Fill in the following table with information on the various representatives from your area.
Fill in the table with your individual answers.

Answer:

Student do yourself according to the area you belong to.

HBSE 8th Class Civics Why Do We Need A Parliament? Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
When did India become independent?
Answer:
India became independent on 15 August, 1947.

Question 2.
What is the basic idea of a demo¬cratic form of government?
Answer:
The basic idea of democratic form of government is that the individual or the citizen is the most important person and that in princi-ple the government as well as other public institu¬tions need to have the trust of these citizens.

Question 3.
What is the Parliament?
Answer:
The Parliament of India (Sansad) is the supreme law-making institution.

Question 4.
Name the two houses of parliament.
Answer:
The Rajya Sabha, the Lok Sabha.

Question 5.
What can be the maximum strength of the members of Lok Sabha?
Answer:
The maximum strength of the members of the Lok Sabha can be 552.

Question 6.
How many members does Rajya Sabha have?
Answer:
There are 233 elected members plus 12 members nominated by the President in Rajya Sabha.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What made our nationalists to feel that all persons in independent India would be. able to participate in making decisions?
Answer:
The experience of colonial rule as well as the participation of different people in the struggle for freedom made our nationalists to feel that all persons in independent India would be able to participate in making decisions.

Question 2.
Write two important features of the Parliament of India?
Answer:
(a) The Parliament of India (Sansad) is the supreme law-making institution.
(b) The Indian Parliament is the expression of faith that the people of India have in the principles of democracy.

Question 3.
How are members of Lok Sabha elected?
Answer:
Members of the Lok Sabha are elected through the general elections. Elections take place every five years. For the purpose of elections, the country is divided into constituencies. Only one person is elected from each constituency. All citizens above 18 years have the right to vote. A single winner is chosen in a given constituency by virtue of his/her getting more votes than any other individual representative.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain how the people of India form the government and also control it.
Answer:
Through election the people elect their representatives to the Parliament. Then one group from among these elected representatives forms the government. The parliament, which is made up of all representatives together, controls and guides the government. In this sense people, through their chosen representatives, form the government and also control it.

Question 2.
Explain the importance of question hour in the Parliament.
Answer:
The questions hour is an important mechanism through which MPs elicit information about the working of the government. This is a very important way through which the Parliament controls the executive. By asking questions the government is alerted to its shortcomings and also comes to know the opinion of the people through their representatives in the Parliament.

Question 3.
What have recent changes been noticed in the selection of representative members of the Parliament?
Answer:
The Parliament now has more and more people from different backgrounds. For example, there are more rural members as also members from regional parties. Groups and peoples that were unrepresented, are now being elected to the Parliament. There has also been an increase in political participation from the Dalit and backward castes and the minorities.

Question 4.
Differentiate between the features of Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha.
Answer:

Why Do We Need A Parliament? Class 8 HBSE Notes

• Approval: To give one’s consent to and be favourable towards something. Here, it refers both to the formal consent that Parliament has as well as the fact that it needs to continue to enjoy the people’s trust.
• Coalition: A temporary alliance of groups or parties. Here it refers to the alliance formed by political parties after elections when no party has been able to get adequate seats to form a clear majority. For example, NDA or UPA.
• Unresolved: This refers to situations in which there are no easy solutions to problems. For example, the problem of Common Civil Laws for each and every Indian.
• Colonial Rule: British rule over India from 1757 to 14 August, 1947.
• Nationalists: People who are loyal to the nation.
• Adults: Male and female having age of 18 years and above.
• Parliament: The parliament of India is the supreme law-making body. It consists of two houses- Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha.
• Bicameral Legislature: It means a legislature which has two houses, the lower house and the upper house.
• Unicameral Legislature: It means a legislature with only one house elected by the voters, for a specific term.
• Executive: In India, it comprises the President, the Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers.
• Judiciary: In India, it comprises the Supreme Court (as head), High Courts and Lower Courts of the states.
• Prorogue: To discontinue a meeting of Parliament for a time without dissolving it.
• Question-hour: During a Parliamentary session, the time fixed for asking questions from ministers and answering them orally is called question hour.
• Speaker: He is the presiding officer of the Lok Sabha and is responsible for the efficient business in the Lok Sabha.
• Money Bills: Money bills contain provisions relating to tax regulations, regulations of borrowing of money by the government, payment to or withdrawal from the contingency or the consolidated fund of India.
• Ordinary Bills: Ordinary bills are draft proposals for ordinary legislation.
• Constitutional Amendment Bills: Constitutional Amendment Bills deal with the amendment of our constitution.

Haryana State Board HBSE 8th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 2 Understanding Secularism Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 8th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 2 Understanding Secularism

HBSE 8th Class Civics Understanding Secularism Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
List the different types of religious practices that you find in your neighborhood. This could be different forms of prayer, worship of different gods, sacred sites, different kinds of religious music and singing, etc. Does this indicate freedom of religious practices?
Answer:
The different types of practices that we find in our neighborhood are:
(a) Going to temples and gurudwara.
(b) Performing yajna.
(c) Satsang. (Hymn Recitement)
(d) Reading namaaz. (Muslim prayers)
(e) Worshipping idols.
(f) Saying prayers.
(g) Reading epics.
All these things indicate that India is a secular country and the constitution of India grants religious freedom and equality. State does not promote any religion. Everybody is free to worship any god in any manner he or she likes.

Question 2.
Will the government intervene if some religious group says that their religion allows them to practise infanti¬cide? Give reasons for your answer.
Answer:
Yes, the government will intervene if some religious group says that their religion allows them to practise infanticide. We can give the following reasons for our answer:
(a) No religion of the world allows anyone the murder of an infant. All the religions promote non-violence.
(b) System of sacrifice was promoted by superstitions and selfish religious leaders in ancient or medieval times. No righteous man will support this.

Question 3.
Complete the following table:

Answer:

Question 4.
Look up the annual calendar of holidays of your school. How many of them certain to different religions? What does this indicate?
Answer:
We get about 30 days of holidays every year in which 25 of them pertain to different religions..Like Holi and Diwali {Hindu festivals), Id (Muslim Festival), Good Friday, Christmas (Christian festivals), Guru Nanak Birthday (Sikh festivals), Mahavir Jayanti (Jain festivals), Budh Jayanti (Budh’s festival). This indicates that in India all religious are treated equally. The Indian Constitution allows individuals the freedom to live by their religious beliefs and practices.

Question 5.
Find out some examples of different views within the same religion.
Answer:
Examples of different views within the same religion:
(a) Hindu are divided in Vashnav (followers of Lord Vishnu) and Shiva (worshippers of Lord Shiva).
(b) Muslims are divided into Shiyas and Sunnis.
(c) Buddhists are divided into Mahayan and Hinyan.
(d) Followers of Lord Mahavir are called Jain.
They are also divided into Shwetambaer and Digambar.

Question 6.
The Indian State both keeps away from religion as well as intervene in religion. This idea can be confusing. Discuss this once again in class using examples from the chapter as well as those that you might come up with.
Answer:
Indian State keeps away from religion because if major religious group has access to state power then it could be easily applicable the power and financial resources against the persons of other religions. The majority could quite easily prevent minorities from practising their religions.

To prevent the practice of untouchability among the Hindus, the Indian Constitution bans untouchability. In this case, the State is intervening in religion in order to end a social practice that it believes discriminates and excludes and that violates the fundamental rights of Tower castes’ who are citizens of this country.

Question 7.
This poster alongside highlights the need for ‘Peace’. It says, “Peace is a never ending process. It cannot ignore our differences or overlook our common interests.” Write in your own words what you think the above sentences are trying to convey? How does it relate to the need for religious tolerance?
This chapter had three drawings on religious tolerance made by students of your age. Design your own poster on religious tolerance for your peers.

Answer:
Peace is loved by all. All religions preach peace, non-violence, humanity and brotherhood. Peace is needed for everyone for the sake of security, property protection and for living with honour.

‘Peace’ is a human phenomenon which is for the protection of all. Terrorism is to be condemned by all of us. A picture can be drawn showing the celebration of some festival like Diwali, Holi, Dussehra, being celebrated together by people of more than one religion.

HBSE 8th Class Civics Understanding Secularism Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is a secular state?
Answer:
A state where all religions command equal respect is called a secular state.

Question 2.
What is the main idea behind secularism?
Answer:
Secularism refers the separation of religion from the State.

Question 3.
Write the names of any two non-secular states or countries.
Answer:
(a) Israel (Pro-Jewish)
(b) Saudi Arabia.

Question 4.
Write the names of three former French Colonies.
Answer:
(i) Algeria
(ii) Tunisia
(iii) Morocco

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are the objectives of secul-arism in India?
Answer:
The secularism in India has the following objectives:
(a) One religious community does not dominate another.
(b) The same members do not dominate other members of the same religious community.
(c) The State does not enforce any particular religion nor takes away the religious freedom of individuals.

Question 2.
Give one example from the US (United States of America) that is considered an objectionable practice by some children in government school, as a religious saying.
Answer:
In the United States of America, most children in government schools have to begin their school day reciting the ‘Pledge of Allegiance’. This pledge includes the words “Under God”. It was established more than 60 years ago that government school students are not required to recite the pledge if it conflicts with their religious beliefs. Despite this, there have been several legal challenges objecting to phrase “Under God” saying that it violates separation between Church and State that the First Amendment of the US constitution guarantees.

Question 3.
Give examples of violation of the Fundamental Rights in Indian Society.
Answer:
People from minority have sometimes gone to Internal Human Rights Commission. The children below 14 years of age are still seen working in rich families in cities. Female infanticide is practised in some towns though it has been banned by law.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
In what way is Indian secularism different from that of other democratic countries?
Answer:
(а) There is strict separation between religion and the State in American secularism, in Indian secularism the State can intervene in religious affairs.
(b) The Indian Constitution on a way permits the State to intervene in religious practices.
For example:
(i) to establish untouchability in Hindu religious practices.
(ii) to ensure that laws relating to equal inheritance rights are respected.
In the USA, the separation between State and religion means that neither the State nor religion can interfere in the affairs of one another.

Question 2.
Why is it important to separate religion from the State?
Answer:
It is important to separate religion from the State because:
(а) In almost all countries of the world there are more than one religious groups living there. If one majority group uses the power and financial resources of the state against minority, this will lead to tyranny of the majority on the minority religious groups.
(b) Once a secular state can ensure the freedom of the individuals and can protect the Fundamental Rights of all its citizens.
(c) The right to freedom of religion is guaranteed to all citizens in a democratic society.

Understanding Secularism Class 8 HBSE Notes

• Coercion: To force someone to do something. It refers to the force used by a legal authority like the State.
• Freedom to interpret: The independence that all persons shall have to understand things in their own way.
• Intervene: It refers to the State’s efforts to influence a particular matter in accordance with the principles of the constitution.
• Untouchability: The wrong and highly objectionable practice of the Hindus (before India became a republic, 26 January 1950 under which the so-called (or claims upper castes most of the Hindus) dominate other members.
• Fundamentalism: That narrow and irrational religious ideology that inspires to think only for the interest of one’s own religion and to hate or discriminate against others because they are followers of his/her religion.

Haryana State Board HBSE 8th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 1 The Indian Constitution Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 8th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 1 The Indian Constitution

HBSE 8th Class Civics The Indian Constitution Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Why does a democratic country need a constitution?
Answer:
A democratic country needs a constitution for the following purposes:
(a) It lays down rules that guard against the misuse of power by our political leaders.
(b) The constitution guarantees the right to equality to all persons and no citizen can be discriminated against on grounds of religion.
(c) Constitution provides certain funda¬mental rights as well as certain duties to the citizens.
(d) The constitution also ensures that a dominant group does not use its power against other less powerful people or groups.

Question 2.
Look at the wordings of two documents given on next page. The first document is from the 1990 Nepal constitution. The second column is from the more recent interim constitution of Nepal.

What is the difference in who exercise ‘Executive Power’ in the above two constitutions of Nepal. Keeping this in mind, why do you think Nepal needs a new constitution today?
Answer:
According to constitution of Nepal 1990, the executive power is vested solely in the hands of king. He could exercise his powers as desired. On the other hand according to Interim Constitution of 2007, Executive power will be vested in the council of ministers. It means the Parliamentary democracy will function in Nepal.

Nepal needs a new constitution which will decide the functions and powers of different heads of government. It will also divide the functions of legislative, executive and judiciary.

Question 3.
What would happen if there were no restrictions on the power of elected representatives?
Answer:
If there were no restrictions on the power of elected representatives then there will also be possibility that the elected representatives misuse their power. The misuse of authority and power can lead to gross injustice.

Question 4.
In each of the following situations, identify the minority. Write one reason why you think it is important to respect the views of the minority in each of these situations.
(a) In a school with 30 teachers, 20 of them are male.
(b) In a city 5 percent of the population are Buddhists.
(c) In a factory mess for all employees, 80 percent are vegetarians.
(d) In a class of 50 students, 40 belong to more well-off families.
Answer:
(a) Minority are the females. It is important to respect the view of minority (females) because they are equally qualified to males and equally contributing to run the institution.

(b) Minority are the Buddhists. It is important to respect their views because every religious group has the right to preserve and develop their own culture.

(c) Minority are the non-vegetarians. It is important to respect their views because everyone has the right to have their own food habits br taste.

(d) Minority are the students who belong to average or poor families. It is important to respect the views of minority because being students of the same class, their ideas cannot be ignored. By ignoring their ideas there may develop inferiority complex among the minorities which would influence their performance in the class.

Question 5.
The column on the left lists some of the key features of the Indian constitution. In the other column write two sentences in your own words, on why you think this feature is important.

Answer:
1. Federalism:
India is a large country divided into states. It is not possible to run the whole country from the centre (national capital). To run our country efficiently, we have government at the state level and Panchayati Raj at the village level.
2. Separation of Powers: To prevent the misuse of power by the legislature, executive and the judiciary.
3. Fundamental Rights: These rights protect citizens against the arbitrary and absolte exercise of power by the state.
4. Parliamentary Form of Government: People of India have a direct role in electing then- representatives.

Question 6.
Colour in the following countries in this map:
(а) Colour India in red.
(b) Colour Nepal in green.
(c) Colour Bangladesh in yellow.

HBSE 8th Class Civics The Indian Constitution Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is a constitution?
Answer:
A constitution is a set of rules, laws or principles according to which a country is governed.

Question 2.
What is Preamble?
Answer:
The Preamble is an introductory document which explains the goals of the government. It states the aims and objectives of the constitution.

Question 3.
Define Socialism.
Answer:
Socialism is that everyone must enjoy social and economic equality. Everyone must have equal status and opportunities. Everyone must also enjoy equitable distribution of wealth and a decent standard of living for all.

Question 4.
Why did the Constituent Assembly include provisions to control the actions taken by the executive branch of government?
Answer:
The Constituent Assembly included provisions to control the actions taken by the executive branch of government because the assembly feared that the executive might become too strong and ignore its responsibility.

Question 5.
Why did Dr. Ambedkar urge Scheduled Castes to join the government as well as the civil services?
Answer:
Dr. Ambedkar urged Scheduled Castes to join the government as well as the civil services because though the laws might exist to safeguard the interests of scheduled castes but the administration of these laws were in the hands of‘Caste Hindu officers.’

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are Directive Principles of State Policy? Why were they added to the constitution?
Answer:
The Directive Principles of State Policy are the guidelines that are given to the government to ensure the welfare to the people. They are contained in Part IV of our constitution. They were added in our constitution:
(a) to ensure greater social and economic reform.
(b) to serve as a guide to the independent Indian State
(c) to institute laws and policies that help reduce the poverty of the masses.

Question 2.
How is a ‘state’ different from a ‘government’?
Answer:
By ‘Government’ we mean a body which is responsible for administering and enforcing laws. The government can change with elections.
The state on the other hand refers to a political institution that represents sovereign people who occupy a definite territory. For example, we can say, the Indian State, the Nepalese State etc.

Question 3.
Which Fundamental Rights will the following situations violate?
(a) If a 13-year old child is working in a factory manufacturing carpets.
(b) If a politician in one state decides to not allow labourers from other states to work in his state.
(c) If a group of people are not given permission to open a Telugu-medium school in Kerala.
(d) If the government decides not to promote an officer of the armed forces because she is a woman.
Answer:
(a) Right against exploitation.
(b) Right to freedom.
(c) Cultural and Educational Rights.
(d) Right to Equality.

Question 4.
All persons are equal before the law. Which fundamental right states this? What does this mean?
Answer:
This is given under Right to Equality. This means that all persons shall be equally protected by the laws of the country. It also states that no citizen can be discriminated against on the basis of their religion, caste or sex. Every person has access to all public places including playgrounds, hotels, shops etc. The state cannot discriminate against anyone in matters of employment.

Question 5.
“India is a democratic state.” Explain.
Answer:
India can be called a democratic state in the following context:
(a) The ultimate source of political and constitutional authority in India is vested with the people.
(b) Periodical elections are held on the basis of adult franchise.
(c) Equality, the basic principle of a democratic form of government, is adhered to in the constitution.
(d) Citizens of India enjoy Fundamental Rights, which are clearly enumerated in the constitution.
(e) Rule of law is an essential feature of the Indian democratic state.

Question 6.
Is India a Welfare State? Explain.
Answer:
A state is called welfare state where Government does a lot of work for the welfare of citizens. Too much importance is given to the Directive Principles of the State Policy and Fundamental Rights of the citizens. Fundamental Duties are also shown alongwith the Fundamental Rights so that welfare programmes can be continued. Stress is given on the welfare of the backward and tribal people in this way.

Question 7.
What is the difference between the fundamental rights and the directive principles?
Answer:

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Describe the main features of the Indian Constitution as stated in Preamble of the constitution.
Answer:
The main features of the Indian Constitution are as follows:
(a) Preamble: Our constitution begins with a preface or introduction called the preamble. It highlights the goals and aspirations of the Indian people.
(b) Sovereign State: Sovereign means that India is now independent, it is no longer governed by any external authority and is its own master.
(c) Socialist: Everyone is given equal opportunities to make use of resources of the country.
(d) Secular: All religions are treated equally. There is no official religion.
(e) Democratic: The people of India choose their elected representatives through elections which are conducted at regular intervals.
(f) Republic: The Indian constitution proclaims that the head of the state will be elected, and not be a hereditary ruler.
(g) Justice: The Indian constitution strives to ensure an equitable and just society by reducing economic and social inequalities.
(h) Liberty: The constitution gives the citizens the freedom to express their opinion, follow their own path and also choose the occupation of their choice.
(i) Equality: All citizens are equal before the law.
(j) Fraternity: Indian State will observe a sense of fraternity or brotherhood to preserve the unity and oneness of India.

Question 2.
Explain all the six Fundamental Rights which are granted by the Indian Constitution to all Indian citizens.
Answer:
Fundamental Rights:
The Indian Constitution has granted six Fundamental Rights to its citizens which are:
(i) Right to Equality: Right to Equality is a valuable right. In India, the right to equality is guaranteed to every citizen without any discrimination on grounds of religion, caste, creed, colour or untouchabilh”

(ii) Right to Freedom is the essence of human existence. The Indian constitution provides to every citizen the right to freedom of speech, peaceful associations, movement and residence in any part of Indian territory.

(iii) Right against Exploitation: All religions in India have equal respect. Religion and politics are two different aspects.

(iv) Right to Freedom of Religion: India is a country of many religions. All religions have equal respect and religion and politics are different aspects.

(v) Cultural and Educational Rights: The Constitution states that all minorities, religions or linguistic, can setup their own educational institutions in order to preserve and develop their own culture.

(vi) Right to Constitutional Remedies: This right allows a citizen to move to court if they believe that any of their above Fundamental rights have been violated by the state.

Question 3.
Explain the provisions made in the Indian Constitution for improving the condition of the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes.
Answer:
The Constitution of free India, which came into force from the 26th January, 1950, guaranteed some provisions for the welfare, security and development of Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes. The main provisions are given below:
(i) The Constitution ends discrimination on the basis of caste, religion, race or sex. It gives the right of entry and use of every place like shops, hotels, roads, wells and places of entertainment to every Indian without any discrimination.

(ii) The Constitution abolished untouch-ability in any form. Practice or preaching of untouchability is a punishable offence (Article 17).

(iii) The Constitution provides protection to the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes from any type of social and economic exploitation
(Article 46).

Picture-Bases Questions With Answers

I. Look at the given picture and answer the following questions.

Social and Political Life III.

Question 1.
Which Assembly is shown in the picture?
Answer:
The Constituent Assembly is shown in the picture.

Question 2.
Between what period did the Constituent Assembly draft a constitution for independent India?
Answer:
Between December 1946 and November 1949, the Constituent Assembly drafted a constitution for independent India.

Question 3.
Who is addressing in the picture?
Answer:
Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru is addressing the Constituent Assembly in the picture.

The Indian Constitution Class 8 HBSE Notes

• Constitution: A constitution is a set of rules, laws and principles according to which a country is governed.
• Democracy: Rules by the people.
• Monarchy: Rule by king or queen.
• Arbitrary: When nothing is fixed and is instead left to one’s judgement or choice. This can be used to refer to rules that are not fixed, or decisions that have no basis etc.
• Ideal: A goal or a principle in its most excellent or perfect form.
• Indian national movement: The Indian national movement started in nineteenth century. India saw thousands of men and women together to fight against British rule. This culminated in India’s independence in 1947.
• Polity: A society that has an organised political structure. India is a democratic polity.
• Sovereign: The sovereignity means the independence of the people who are masters of their own destiny.
• Trafficking: The practice of the illegal buying-selling of different commodities across national borders. In this chapter, it refers to illegal trade in human beings, particularly women and children.
• Tyranny: The cruel and unjust use of power or authority.
• Amendment: Any change made in law of articles of constitution by the Parliament.

Haryana State Board HBSE 7th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 9 A Shirt in the Market Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 7th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 9 A Shirt in the Market

HBSE 7th Class Civics A Shirt in the Market Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What made Swapna sell the cotton to the trader instead of selling it at the Kurnool cloth market?
Answer:
The following reason made Swapna sell the cotton to the traders instead of selling at the Kurnool cloth market.

Swapna had borrowed ₹ 2,500 from the trader at a very high rate of interest to buy seeds, fertilizers, and pesticides for cultivation. At this time the trader enters an agreement with Swapna that she will sell her cotton to him. So, Swapna sells her cotton to traded instead of selling in Kurnool cloth market.

Question 2.
Describe the condition of employment as well as the wages of the workers in garment exporting factory* Do you think that the workers get a fair deal?
Answer:
(i) The workers in the garment exporting factory work at least 10 to 12 hrs. in a day but they get very low wages monthly.
(ii) Their job is not permanent; whenever the employer feels that a worker is not needed, he may be asked to leave.
(iii) Their wages are fixed according to their skills.
(iv) The highest paid among the workers are the tailors, who get maximum salary of 3,000 per month.
(v) More women are employee in these factories as helpers.
(vi) These jobs fetch him very low salary.
Now, these workers do not get fair deal.

Question 3.
Think of something common that we use. It could be sugar, tea, milk, pen, paper etc. Discuss through what chain of markets this reacts to you. Can you think of the people that help in the production or trade?
Answer:
A chain of markets links the producer to the buyer. Buying and selling takes place at every step in the chain.
Through Retailer: The producer supplies goods to retailer who sells them to the consumers:

Producers
|
Retailer
|
Customer (Buyer)

Through Wholesaler: The producer may supply goods to wholesaler in large quantity who can further sell the same in small quantities to the customers. There is no place of retailer in it.

Produce
|
Wholesaler
|
Customers

Through agent, wholesaler and retailer: The producer may also involve the agent (intermediator) in this chain of marketing.

Producer
|
Agents
|
Wholesaler
|
Customer

People from a simple worker to the main producer, agents, wholesaler, retailer all help in the production or trade.

Question 4.
Arrange the statements given below in the correct order and then fill the number in the cotton balls accordingly. The first two have been solved for you.
1. Swapna sells the cloth to the trader.
2. Customers buy these shirts in the supermarket.
3. Trader sells cotton to the ginning mill.
4. Garment exporters buy the cloth from merchants for making shirts.
5. Yarn dealers or merchants give the yarn to the weavers.
6. The exporter sells shirts to the business persons from the USA.
7. Spinning mill buys the cotton and sells yarn to the yarn dealers.
8. Weavers return with the cloth.
9. Ginning mill cleans the cotton and makes it into balls.

Answer:
1. Swapna sells the cloth to the trader.
2. Trader sells cotton to the ginning mill.
3. Ginning mill cleans the cotton and makes it into balls.
4. Spinning mill buys the cotton and sells yarn to the yarn dealers.
5. Yarn dealers or merchants give the yarn to the weavers.
6. Weavers return with the cloth.
7. Garment exporters buy the cloth from merchants for making shirts.
8. The exporter sells shirts to the business persons from the USA.
9. Customers buy these shirts in the supermarket.

Question 5.
Did Swapna get a fair price on the cotton?
Answer:
No, Swapna did not get a fair price on the cotton.

Question 6.
Why did the trader pay Swapna a low price?
Answer:
The trader paid Swapna a low price because she had borrowed ₹ 2500 at the time of cropping season at high rate of interest.

Question 7.
Where db you think larger farm would sell cotton? How is their situation better than Swapna?
Answer:
Larger farmer would prefer to sell their product in wholesale market. Their situation is better from Swapna because Swapna cannot sell the product in wholesale market. She has to sell it through trader and she does not get price for her product.

Question 8.
You might have co-operatives in your areas. It could be in a milk provision, paddy etc. Find out for whose benefits they were set up.
Answer:
These co-operatives have been set up for the benefit of the local people of the area especially for the poor farmers.

Question 9.
What are the following people doing at the Erode cloth market-merchants, weavers, exporters?
Answer:
Merchants: Merchants are getting the woven cloth from the weavers after paying them wages for weaving cloth them from.
Weavers: The weavers spend long hours working on looms and they work for wages.
Exporters: Exporters arrange the cloth for exports.

Question 10.
In what ways are weavers dependent on cloth merchants?
Answer:
Weavers are dependent on cloth merchants because:
The cloth merchants give them thread and they weave cloth for them from where they earn their living.

Question 11.
Why do you think more women are employed in the Impex garment factory? Discuss.
Answer:
More women are employed in the Impex garments factory because:
(a) They do the work of thread cutting, buttoning, ironing and packaging more patiently.
(b) These jobs have the lowest wages and women are ready to work for the lowest wages.
(c) They do not raise disputes.

Question 12.
The shirt shows the profit made by the business person, and the various costs that he had to pay. Find out from the diagram below, what cost price includes.

Answer:
The cost price includes:
Purchase (₹ 200) + Storage 100) + advertising (₹ 300)
= ₹ 600.

Question 13.
What are the demands of foreign buyers made on the garment export? Why do the garment exporters agree to these demands?
Answer:
The foreign buyer demands the following from the supplier:
(a) the lowest prices
(b) high standards of equality
(c) prompt delivery of goods
The garment exporter agrees to fulfill the demand of foreign buyers because he hopes to get a bulk order.

Question 14.
What are the reasons that the business person is able to make a huge profit in the market?
Answer:
The business person is able to make huge profit in the market because:
(a) He sells his shirts to high income people who do not ask for the prices.
(b) He tries to meet the latest demands of the customers.

HBSE 7th Class Civics A Shirt in the Market Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Who is Swapna and what does she do?
Answer:
Swapna is a small farmer in Kurnool and she grows cotton.

Question 2.
What is putting out system?
Answer:
The arrangement between the merchant and the weavers is known as putting out system.

Question 3.
To whom does the Erode merchant supply the cotton cloth?
Answer:
The Erode merchant supplies the cotton cloth to a garment exporting factory near Delhi.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write about Erode’s cloth market in brief.
Answer:
Erode is a bi-weekly cloth market in Tamil Nadu. It is one of the largest cloth markets in the world. A large variety of clothes are sold in this market.

Question 2.
What is the role of merchant in making the clothes?
Answer:
The merchant distributes work among the weavers based on the orders he has received for cloth. For this, he buys the yarn and gives to the weavers with instructions about the kind of cloth that is to be made.

Question 3.
What is the role of market in the lives of people related to cloth?
Answer:
The market offers people, related to cloth, opportunities for work and to be able to sell things that they grow or produce. It could be the farmer selling cotton or weaver producing cloth.

Question 4.
Why have the poor people to depend on rich persons?
Answer:
The poor have people to depend on the rich and the powerful persons for loans, raw materials and marketing of their goods, and most often for employment.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How do the weaver’s cooperatives work? How are they helpful for the weavers?
Answer:
In weavers’ cooperative:
(a) The weavers form a group and take up certain activities collectively.
(b) They procure yarn from the yarn dealer and distribute it among the weavers.
(c) The co-operative also does the marketing.

They are helpful for the weavers because:
(i) the role of merchant is reduced and weavers get a fair price on the cloth.
(ii) The government also helps the cooperatives by buying cloth from them at a reasonable price.

Question 2.
Write a note on the Impex garment factory.
Answer:

• The Impex garment factory has 70 workers.
• Most of them are women. Most of these workers are employed on a temporary basis.
• The employer can remove the workers when he does not need them.
• Workers wages are fixed according to their skills.
• The highest paid among workers are the tailors who get about ₹ 3,000 per month.
• Women are employed at the lowest paid wages for the jobs like thread cutting, buttoning, ironing and packaging.

A Shirt in the Market Class 7 HBSE Notes

• Ginning Mill: A factory where seeds are removed from cotton balls. The cotton is pressed into bales to be sent for spinning into thread.
• Exporter: A person who sells goods abroad.
• Profit: The amount that is left or gained from earnings after deducting all the costs. If the costs are more than the earnings, it would lead to a loss.

Haryana State Board HBSE 7th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 8 Markets Around Us Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 7th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 8 Markets Around Us

HBSE 7th Class Civics Markets Around Us Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
In what ways is a hawker different from shop owners?
Answer:

Question 2.
Compare and contrast a weekly market and a shopping complex on the following:

Answer:

Question 3.
Explain how a chain of markets is formed. What purpose does it serve?
Answer:
A chain of markets is the interlinking of a producer, wholesaler and retailer in the following ways:
(i) We don’t buy goods directly from the factory or farm, where the production takes place.
(ii) The people in between the producer and the final consumer is the trader.
(iii) The wholesaler buys goods in large quantities and sells them to traders.
(iv) The trader who finally sells this to consumer is the retailer.
Goods travel to us though a chain of markets which we were not aware of this allows good-quality of goods to reach us in an easy, accessible and feasible way.

Question 4.
‘All persons have equal rights to visit any shop in a market place.’ Do you think this is true of shops with expensive products? Explain with examples.
Answer:
No, it is not true for shops with expensive products. This is because the companies producing branded products . through shops in urban markets and at times, through special show rooms. Fewer people can afford to buy branded goods and hence rights are restricted.

For example:
Sujata and Kavita who entered a shop that was selling branded readymade clothes were stared at by the security guard. They could not even buy a dress since most of them were expensive.

Question 5.
‘Buying and selling can take place without going to a marketplace.’ Explain the statement with the help of example.
Answer:
One does not have to go to the markets to purchase goods. You can place order for a variety of things through the phone and these days through the internet as well, and then the goods are delivered to your home. In clinics and nursing homes and likewise, sales representatives are also engaged in the selling of goods. Thus buying and selling take place in different markets, not necessarily to the ones we need to visit.
For example: Many sites on the net today.

Question 6.
Why do people go to a weekly market?
Answer:
People go to a weekly market because:
(a) They can fulfill their everyday requirements.
(b) Many things in the market are available at cheap rates.
(c) Almost all things are available at one place.

Question 7.
Who are the sellers in a weekly market? Why don’t we find big businessmen in weekly market?
Answer:
Sellers are small traders in a weekly market who store their things at home and sell them at cheap rates in the market. We don’t find big businessmen in weekly markets because here low-quality low-priced goods are sold. The goods are not branded. Big Businessmen usually deal in designer products and branded goods that are well- promoted though advertising and incur them a lot of profit. This is done through permanent urban markets or special showrooms.

Question 8.
Explain with an example how people bargain in a weekly market. Can you think of an example where the bargain would be unfair?
Answer:
Weekly markets also have a large number of shops sellings the same goods which means there is competition between them. If some trader were to charge a higher price, people can bargain and bring the price down. The bargain would be unfair if the shopkeeper has not kept any margin for his product.

Question 9.
Why did Sujata carry a notebook? Do you think this system is useful? Can there be problems?
Answer:
Sujata carried a notebook along with her so that the amount of money of purchase could be noted down. This bond of trust allowed Sujata to pay on credit. However this could create the following problems:
(а) insecurity for the seller (if the buyer is unknown)
(b) a sense of doubt.

Question 10.
What are the different kinds of shops that find in your neighbourhood? What do you purchase from them.
Answer:
There are many shops in a neighbourhood; i.e.
(a) Dairy
Goods bought: milk, cottage cheese, curd.

(b) Grocery
Goods bought: fruits and vegetables

(c) Stationery
Goods bought: pens, pencils, charts, erasers

(d) Eatables
Goods bought: cooked snacks

(e) Bakery
Goods bought: baked goods like cakes, pastries

(f) Chemist
Goods bought: medicines.

Question 11.
Why are goods sold in permanent shops costlier than those sold in the weekly markets or by roadside hawkers?
Answer:
The goods sold in permanent shops are costlier than those sold in weekly market or by roadside hawkers because they provide more facilities at ease to its consumers. They are useful in many ways:

• easily accessible
• familiar relation between the buyer and seller
• goods on credit.

Question 12.
Why do you think the guard wanted to stop Kavita and Sujata from entering the shopWhat would you say if someone stops you from entering a shop in the market?
Answer:
The guard wanted to stop Kavita and Sujata from entering the shop because by demeanour, they seemed to be of a low economic background and would to be able to afford the expenses of the shop.

I would question my right if somebody stops me from entering a shop as it would be sincere violation of my dignity.

Question 13.
Why do people not bargain in shops located in malls whereas they bargain in weekly markets?
Answer:
Branded goods are expensive often promoted by advertising and are of a better qualities. Hence, people sustain a skeptical nature of bargaining in these large urban markets on special showroom. Only the people who afford to buy these goods generally visit these shops.

Question 14.
How do you think your neighbourhood shop gets its goods? Find out and explain with example.
Answer:
A neighbourhood shop is generally controlled by a retailer who gets its goods from the wholesaler.
For example, the vegetable wholesale trader will not buy few kilos of vegetables from farmers but in large quantities. These will be then sold to our neighbourhood grocer. Buying and selling take place between traders and goods shall reach us.

Question 15.
Why is a wholesale trader necessary?
Answer:
The producer, on its own cannot send its goods to the final consumers or retailing shop. It is with the help of a wholesale trader that goods reach faraway places. It is from here that a retailer buys the goods so that it reaches the final consumers.

HBSE 7th Class Civics Markets Around Us Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Who are in between the producer and the final consumers?
Answer:
Wholesalers, distributors and retailers are in between the producer and the final consumer.

Question 2.
Write any one advantage of weekly market?
Answer:
Most of the things of our daily and common use are available at one place in weekly market at a cheaper rate.

Question 3.
Where are shopping complexes found?
Answer:
Shopping complexes are found in the urban areas, cities, etc.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What do you know about weekly market?
Answer:
(i) A weekly market is held on a specific day of week.
(ii) It does not have permanent shops.
(iii) Traders set up their shops for the day and then close them up in the evening.

Question 2.
What are the extra expenditure incurred in permanent shop that are not incurred in the weekly market?
Answer:
There are various expenditures incurred in permanent shops which are not in weekly market. For example:
(a) They have to pay rent, electricity and sometimes fees to the Government.
(b) They have to pay wages to their workers.

Question 3.
What do you know about mills?
Answer:
The large multi-stores air-conditioned buildings with shops on different floors are known as malls. These malls have both branded and non-branded goods and promote them by advertising.

Question 4.
Explain the meaning of chain of markets.
Answer:
A chain of markets is a series of markets inter connected in links or chains because products pass from one country to another.

Question 5.
‘Internet has brought a revolution in the availability of markets.’ Do you agree? Explain.
Answer:
Today we can place order for a variety of things on the Internet and the goods are delivered at your home. This allows easy availability, accessibility and economic feasibility of goods. Internet always or often does offer exciting deals.

Question 6.
Explain who is the most benefitted in the Chain of Markets.
Answer:
A retailer is the most benefitted in the chain of markets since he sells the goods at the highest price and earns more profit than the wholesaler.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are the markets we might be unaware of? Give two detailed examples.
Answer:
Some of the markets that act as imputs to an industry and help in the formation of products that finally reach us are markets that we night be unaware of these are feeder markets whose goods we don’t require and hence we can’t recognise themselves.

Two examples for the same are given below:
(i) We may want to acquire the food crop or food item sold by a retailer but we may not be interested in knowing the market from where the farmer sought his production needs (seeds, fertilizer etc.).

(ii) A car factory purchases engines, cars, gears, petrol tanks, are but we are interested in only buying the product i.e., the car.
However, it is also true that the producers recognise these shops.

Question 2.
What do you know about the market and goods, which are sold and bought in but we don’t use directly? Explain about with examples.
Answer:
There are markets that we may not be aware of. In these markets a variety of goods are bought and sold in large numbers that we don’t use directly. For example, a car factory purchases engine, gears, petrol tanks, axles, wheels, etc. from v various other factories. They use them for making car, a final product that we use directly.

Markets Around Us Class 7 HBSE Notes

• Chain of Markets: A series of markets that are connected like links in a chain because product pass from one market to another.
• Mall: This is an enclosed shopping space. This is usually a large building with many floors that has shops, restaurants, at any time, even a cinema theatre. These shops most often sell branded products.
• Retailers: The trader who finally sells goods to these consumers.
• Weekly Market: These markets are not daily markets but are to be found at a particular place on one or maybe two days of the week. These markets most often sell everything that a household needs ranging from vegetables to clothes or utensils.
• Wholesale This refers to buying or selling in large quantities. Most products, including vegetables, fruits, and flowers have special wholesale markets.

Haryana State Board HBSE 7th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 7 Understanding Advertising Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 7th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 7 Understanding Advertising

HBSE 7th Class Civics Understanding Advertising Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What do you understand by the word brand? List two reasons why building brands is central to advertising.
Answer:
The term “brand’ refers to the special identification or name that is associated with a product. Building a brand is central to advertising because:
(a) The product is signed or stamped by a particular name.
(b) It differentiates it from other products available in the market.
For example: The buyers of ‘TRIMURTI POP’ know that they are buying a guaranteed product with an ISI mark.

Question 2.
Choose two of your favourite prints advertisement. Now look at each of these and answer the following questions.
(a) What visuals and text is being used in these advertisements to attract my attention?
(b) What values are being promoted in these advertisements?
(c) Who is this advertisement speaking to and who is it leaving out?
(d) If you could not afford the brand that is being advertised how would you feel?

Question 3.
Can you explain two ways in which you think advertising affects issues of equality in a democracy?
Answer:
Yes, the two ways in which you think advertising affects issues of equality in a democracy are :
(а) In a democracy, all the people are equal and should be able to lead a life of dignity, advertising tends to promote a certain lack of respect for the poor people. The branded goods are costly and through advertisements, their image is created which appeals elite people. Poor people cannot afford them.

(b) There is a question of inequality at market front. Only large companies can.

Question 4.
Making an advertisement requires a lot of creativity. Let us imagine a situation in which a manufacturer has just made a new watch. She says that she want to sell this watch to school children. She comes to your class and asks you all to create a brand name as well as an advertisement for the watch. Divide the class into small groups and each group create an advertisement for this watch, share it with class.
Answer:
This is a group activity, for your help here clues are given:
(a) Write the slient features of the watch.
(b) Warrantee period.
(c) Rate of discount.
(d) Also sketch the diagram of wrist and hand watches.
Try to solve it in your class room by divid¬ing the class in four/six groups.

Look at the two advertisements and fill in the table.

Answer:

Question 2.

(A) What do you think is the target audience for the social advertise¬ments below? (NCERT Page 88)
Answer:
(a) Disabled Children.
(b) Persons crossing unmanned railway crossing.

(B) What is the message that each social advertisement is trying to get across? (NCERT Page 88)
Answer:
(a) Freedom is the birthright of disabled children too and they have right to education.
(b) Railways run faster than us. So we should not cross the railway crossing when the train is coming.

HBSE 7th Class Civics Understanding Advertising Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is advertising?
Answer:
The promotion of saleable goods, services and ideas by a reputed sponsor is termed as advertising.

Question 2.
Which was the commonest means of advertising in ancient times?
Answer:
‘Word of Mouth’ was the ; commonest form of advertising practised in ancient times.

Question 3.
What makes mass selling possible?
Answer:
Advertising makes mass selling possible.

Question 4.
When and where did weekly newspaper advertising begin?
Answer:
Weekly advertising began in England in 17th century.

Question 5.
Name two products which were promoted by early print advertising?
Answer:
Books and medicines.

Question 6.
Name four kinds of advertising.
Answer:
(a) Political advertising
(b) Public advertising
(c) Commercial advertising
(d) Social advertising.

Question 7.
Define ‘branding’.
Answer:
‘Branding’ means stamping a product with a particular name or sign. This is done in order to differentiate it from other products in the market.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Why do you think the manufacturers of the soap and the daal gave their products specific names?
Answer:
The manufacturers of the daal and the soap gave their products specific names like “Show you child you care” and “Top Taste Daal” respectively so that they can draw our attention. These names also describe the products, daal and soap positively so that we may become convinced and interested to buy them.

Question 2.
What role do advertisements play in our lives?
Answer:
We mostly buy branded products under the influence of advertisements. Their branded products influence the ways in which we think about ourselves, our friends and our family.

Question 3.
What is the role of advertising in society?
Answer:
(a) Advertising helps to sell different products!n the market.
(b) It create airurge for change of lifestyle and uplifting social status.
(c) Because of ever-increasing number of goods and advertisements, things which were considered as luxury are now a vital necessity of life

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Distinguish between commercial and social advertisement.
Answer:

Question 2.
What are the basic requirements of good advertising?
Answer:
The basic requirements of good advertising are:

• It should be well-designed in conformity/with the law and regulations of the country.
• It should not go against morality.
• It should not be against the religious susceptibilities of the people.
• In the case of commercial advertising everything related to the product should be provided accurately.
• It should not have derogatory references to another.

Understanding Advertising Class 7 HBSE Notes

• Product: This refers to a thing or service that has been made for being sold in the market.
• Consumer: This refers to the person for whom the goods or products have been made and who pays money to buy and use them.
• Brand: This refers to a special identification or name that is associated with a product such identification is created through the process of advertising.
• To influence: This refers to the power to change what someone believes or does.
• LifeStyle: Lifestyle refers to people’s lives being identified by the products they own, the clothes they wear, the places they live in, etc.

Haryana State Board HBSE 7th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 6 Understanding Media Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 7th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 6 Understanding Media

HBSE 7th Class Civics Understanding Media Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
In what ways does the media play an important role in democracy?
Answer:
Media plays an important role in democracy in the following ways:
(a) On the basis of media’s information citizens can learn how the government works.
(b) Public becomes aware of the fraudulent practices and the corruption is curbed.
(c) Media helps in forming opinion of the masses.
(d) The media also announces the opinion of the public about certain issues, problems.

Question 2.
Can you give this diagram a title? What do you understand about the link between media and big business from this diagram?

Answer:
Title to the diagram:
Role of Media for Business Houses
Link between media and Big Business Houses:
(i) Media helps in advertisement for products of big business houses.
(ii) Media helps business houses to know about the detailed programmes of government.
(iii) Big Business houses come to know about the needs, wants of people and changing trends in their lines of products.
(iv) Media gets business through big business houses.
(v) Some popular media groups are owned by big business houses, e.g., Hindustan Times by Birla group. Hence, media and big business houses are complementary to each other.

Question 3.
You have read about the ways in which media, sets the agenda. What kind of effect does this have in a democracy? Provide two examples in support of your view.
Answer:
Media ‘sets agenda’ because media has its great importance of its own. It is the media through which the public can raise voices. Media decides which subjects to highlight and hence ‘sets the agenda’.
For example:
(i) News of major public events is highlighted.
(ii) The visit of a famous political party is highlighted.
(iii) Alarming level of adulterations in food items is highlighted.

Question 4.
As a class project, decide to focus on a particular news topic and cut out stories from different newspapers on this.-Also watch the coverage of this topic on TV news. Compare two newspapers and write down the similarity and differences in their reports. It might help to ask the following questions:
(a) What information is this article providing?
(b) What information is it leaving out?
(c) From whose point of view is the article being written?
(d) Whose point of view is being left and why?
Answer:
I. Hindustan Times

India fourth-largest market: Domino’s

HT Correspondent
[email protected]

New Delhi:
Jubilant Food Works, which operates the Domino’s Pizza chain and Dunkin’ Donuts in India, on Thursday said India is Domino’s fourth-biggest overseas market, after the US, UK and Mexico.

“In the global Domino’s system, we are amongst the top four countries in terms of absolute number of stores,” said Sliyam S Bhartia, chairman and Hari S Bhartia, co¬chairman, Jubilant Food Works Ltd., while inaugurating the food major’s 500th store at Rajinder Nagar, Delhi.

The chain, which sells 70% of all India’s home- delivery pizzas and has 55% share of the organised pizza markets, is betting on products that cater to Indian tastes to continue its aggressive growth. “There are a number of tweaked products in the pipeline to woo the taste buds of the Indian consumer. Our aim is to continue innovation at reasonable price points,” said Richard Allison, executive vice¬president, Bomino’s Pizza International.

Betting of India
500 Number of Domino’s stores in India 30% Sales growth in one store over the fiscal year 2010-11 ‘ 55% Market share in the organised pizza market. 70% Market share in the pizza home delivery segment

From left:
Hari S Bhartia, co-chairman, Jubilant Food Works Ltd; Ritchard Allison, executive vice-president, International Dominos Worldwide and Shyam S Bhartia, chairman, Jubilant Food Works Ltd in New Delhi on Thursday.

(a) This article provides information that India is the fourth largest market of Dominos-after the US, UK and Mexico.
(b) It is leaving out information on what other products Dominos want to introduce in India.
(c) The article is being written from the point of view of those who want to enter new business venture with Dominos and the consumers.
(d) The point of view of the workers at Dominos is left out.
This is so because it is market-oriented.

India fastest growing market for Domino’s
Dipti Jain / TNN

New Delhi:
Despite a palpable slowdown in the eating out industry across the globe, India has emerged as the fastest growing market for Domino’s outpacing US, which is the largest market for the pizza chain major across 73 countries where it has presence. India recorded an annual growth rate of nearly 50% for Domino’s for the fifth consecutive year.

“India has been performing fabulously for us. We are seeing some pressure in western Europe especially, where it has been a very tough economic year for us,” Domino’s executive vice-president (international) Richard E Allison Jr said. India, which accounts for 5% of Domino’s global sales, is among the top five markets for the US based company. In terms of store counts too, India has registered the highest growth among all other markets.

The brand added 75 stores in India in calendar year 2011 taking the total number to 500. It is planning to increase the number by 100 in the current financial year. The company, which currently competes with other food chains such as Pizza Hut and Papa John’s, commands around 55% share of the Rs. 1,800 crore pizza industry in the country.

With only 10-15% of the industry organized, Allison is optimistic on increasing its market share by increased accessibility to consumers. The company will invest over Rs. 150 crore in India this financial year, up from the Rs. Ill crore it had invested last year. Like most other companies in the quick service restaurant space, Domino’s too reported a decline in the same stores sales growth in the April to June quarter to 22.3% from 36.7% in the corresponding period last year.

With consumer spending getting more discretionary, the brand has pushed price hikes, which normally happen in the first quarter, to the second quarter of the current fiscal year.

The company is also focusing on value offerings in a bid to widen its consumer base in the country. “We have to think about the product pricing always. The game is all about value pricing. We are only focusing on increasing our market share in India.”
(a) This article is providing information on the expanding share of Indian market for Dominos.
(b) This article is leaving information on the other big markets (except US) for share of Dominos.
(c) This article is written from the view of producers and consumers of Dominos
(d) This article leaves the point of view of the workers working at Indian Domino outlets.

Activity Based Questions:

Question 1.
Look at the collage and list the six kinds of media that you see
Answer:
• Radio
• Television
• DVD
• Computer and Internet
• Newspapers, magazines
• Periodicals

Question 2.
Ask older members of your family about what they used to listen to on the radio when there was no TV around. Find out from them when the first TV came to your area. When was cable TV introduced?
Answer:
• Older members of our family used to listen to news on radio and old Hindi songs.
• The first TV came to our area in 1962.
• Cable TV was introduced in 1984.

Question 3.
How many people in your neighbourhood use the internet?
Answer:
Many people.

Question 4.
List three things that you know about some other part of the world from watching television.
Answer:
•International Cricket matches.
• Fashion-shows
• Disasters-Natural or Man-made.

Question 5.
Can you list three different products that are advertised during your favourite TV programme?
Answer:
• Vodafone
• Surf excel
• Brooke-Bond Tea.

Question 6.
Take a newspaper and count the number of advertisements in it. Some people say that newspapers have too many advertisements? Do you think this is true and why?
Answer:
• Hindustan Times-70
Some people correctly say that newspapers have many advertise¬ments but it in important because:
(i) Many advertisements bring down the cost of the newspaper to the generally public and it becomes widely affordable.

Question 7.
Are the above stories in the two newspapers given above similar? And if not, why not? What, in your view, are the similarities and differences?
Answer:
Both the news relate to the closure of factories in the residential areas. However, the News of India reports about the nuisance created by the protesters. It is reported that they disrupt traffic and continuously pollute the city. The Indian Daily reports about the plight of lot of workers who lose jilieir livelihoods because of closure “of factories.

Question 8.
If you read the story in the News of India, what would you think about the issue?
Answer:
The government’s decision about closure of factories is apt because it would reduce the pollution. The angry owners and workers protest the decision and cause unrest.

Question 9.
Do you think it is important to know both sides of the story?
Answer:
It is important to know both sides of the story because only then we shall be able to develop our own views and give judgements

Question 10.
What is the consequence of the Media, “setting the agenda by reporting on the fashion week rather than the slum demolitions?”
Answer:
By report on the fashion week, the media will attract more readers and they will earn more money.

Question 11.
Can you think of an issue that does not seem important to you because it is never featured in the media?
Answer:
Inflationary prices of essential commodities.

HBSE 7th Class Civics Understanding Media Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is media?
Answer:
All means of communication are collectively referred to as media.

Question 2.
Why are newspapers called print media?
Answer:
The newspapers are called print media, because these newspapers use print technology in reporting their news, etc.

Question 3.
What is censorship?
Answer:
When the government prevents media from making a news or programme or their parts public it is called censorship.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is a balanced report? What is the basic requirement of a balanced report?
Answer:
A balanced report is one which discusses all points of view of a particular story and then leaves it to readers to make up their mind.
The basic requirement of a balanced report is an independent media. No one should tell the media what is to be included and what should not be included in the report.

Question 2.
Why are most newspapers not able to provide a balanced story before the readers?
Answer:
Most newspapes are not able to provide a balanced story before readers because most of media are controlled by big business houses in India. Many business houses, provide advertisement to the newspapers. How can they publish anything against them when they run at their expenses.

Question 3.
How can the credibility of the media be maintained?
Answer:
The credibility of media can be maintained if. media does not resort to unethical means for raising its circulation. Media should not try to make money through a sting operation. The media should also not conduct trials and pronounce people guilty or innocent since it is not their job.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is the role of TV in our lives?
Answer:
(i) At present we can not imagine our lives without TV. It has made us the members of the world community.
(ii) It allows us to view news and entertainment channels across the world through satellites and cables.
(iii) We can see live telecast of any event, natural calamities, etc., happening in one corner while sitting in other corner of the world.
Thus, the TV has changed the world into a small village.

Understanding Media Class 7 HBSE Notes

• Publish: This refers to news-reports, articles, interviews, stories, etc. that are printed in newspapers, magazines and books for a wide audience to read.
• Censorship: This refers to the powers that government has to disallow media from publishing or showing certain stories.
• Broadcast: This, here, refers to a TV or radio programme that is widely transmitted.
• Public Protest: When a large number of people come together and openly state their opposition to some issue. Organizing a rally, starting a signature campaign, blocking roads, etc. are some of the ways in which this is done.
• Media: Media is the plural form of medium which means ways through which the issues are published and propagated through various means, like newspapers, magazines, radio, television, periodicals, internet satellites, etc.

Haryana State Board HBSE 7th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 5 Women Change the World Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 7th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 5 Women Change the World

HBSE 7th Class Civics Women Change the World Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
How do you think stereotypes about what women can or cannot do, affect women’s right to equality?
Answer:
The stereotypes affect the right to equality for women. It is because of this that women are called inferior to men. Many girls do not get the same support that the boys do to study and get trained to become doctors and engineers. Once the girls finish school, they get married. Such stereotypes and beliefs from society should be abondoned.

Question 2.
List one reason why learning the alphabet was so important to women like Rashundari Devi, Ramabai, and Rokeya?
Answer:
Learning the alphabet is so important to women like Rashundari Devi, Ramabai, and Rokeya because they could share their ideology with society through their writing. In their writings, they imagined new ways of thinking and living for both men and women.

Question 3.
“Poor girls drop out of school because they are not interested in getting an education.” Re-read the last paragraph on page 92 and explain why this statement is not true?
Answer:
The above statement does not hold true because of the following reasons:

• There are no facilities in rural areas, especially in Adiwasi areas.
• Schools are not close to people’s homes and there is no transport facility like buses or vans. So parents may avoid sending girls to school.
• Some families are so poor that they cannot afford to send all their children to school. The poor families prefer to send boys to school.

Question 4.
Can you describe two methods of struggle that the women’s movements used to raise issues? If you had to struggle against stereotypes about what women can or cannot do, what method would you employ from the ones that you have read about? Why would you choose this particular method?
Answer:
The two methods of struggle that the woman’s movement used to raise issues are:
(i) Protesting: The women’s movement raises its voice when violations against women take place.
For example: When a law or policy acts against women’s interests.

(ii) Raising Awareness in society:
The important part of women’s movements work is to raise public awareness of women’s .rights issues. Raising public awareness is one of the bet methods to organise a struggle against stereotypes. We have chosen this method because it massage can spread through street plays, songs, and public meetings.

Question 5.

(i) What percentage of children leave school at the elementary level?
Answer:
52%

(ii) At which level of education do you see the highest percentage of children leaving?
Answer:
At secondary level (63%)

(iii) Why do you think that the percentage of Adivasi girls and boys leaving school is higher than that of any other group?
Answer:
The percentage of Adivasi girls and boys leaving school is higher than that of any other group because
(a) There are very few proper school or teachers who teach on a regular basis.
(b) Many of them are too poor to send their children to school.

Question 6.
From the given table, convert the figures of so. primary class children who leave school into a bar diagram.
Answer:

HBSE 7th Class Civics Women Change the World Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Who is the first woman engine driver for Northern Railways?
Answer:
Laxmi Lakra, from a poor tribal family in Jharkhand is the first woman engine driver for Northern Railways.

Question 2.
What roles did women use to play in the pottery trade in the past?
Answer:
Women used to fetch the right quality mud and prepare the earthen pots in the pottery trade in the past.

Question 3.
Where did Ramahai set up her mission?
Answer:
Ramabai set her mission in Khelgaon near Pune.

Question 4.
Which is the first known autobiography written by an Indian woman?
Answer:
Amar Jiban is the first known autobiography written by Rashsundari Devi; an Indian woman writer.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What do you mean by Census?
Answer:
(i) Census is a survey of counting the whole population of the country by government every ten years.
(ii) Through it, the important informations in detail are also gathered about the people living in the country. For example, their age, sex, schooling (education), occupations, etc.

Question 2.
What led the government to pass a law to protect the women When was the law passed? Write about the law.
Answer:
(a) The women’s campaigns led the government to pass a new law in 2006.
(b) The law is for the protection of women against domestic violence. It gives legal protection to women who face physical and mental violence within their home.

Question 3.
What were new ideas emerged in the 19th century?
Answer:
(a) There were new ideas about education and learning that emerged in the 19th century.
(b) Schools were opened here and there.
(c) The people or communities who didn’t know reading and writing began sending their children to schools.

Question 4.
What did Rashsundari Devi give the world through her writing and in what situation?
Answer:
(a) Through her writing Rashusundari Devi gave the world an opportunity to read about the lives of women she experienced in those days.
(b) She wrote about her everyday life in a situation when she did not have a moment to rest, even to sit down and eat.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
In which sphere of life the conditions of women and girls have improved and why?
Answer:
The conditions of women and girls have improved in the following sphere of lives:
(а) At present, women and girls have the right to study and freedom to go to school, which in the past they didn’t have.
(b) They are legally protected by many laws made by the government like Dowry Act, Right of inheritance of parental and husband’s property.
(c) They are provided protection against the domestic violence and sexual harassment at the work placb and in the educational institution, and
(d) Their health conditions have also improved. These improvements could be achieved because of their individual and collective struggles over a long period of time.

Women Change the World Class 7 HBSE Notes

• Stereotype: When we believe that people belonging to particular groups based on religion, wealth, language are bound to have certain fixed characteristics or can only do a certain type of work we create stereotypes.
• Discrimination: When we do not track people equally or with respect, we are indulging in discrimination. It happens when people or organizations act on their prejudices.
• Violations: When someone forcefully breaks the law or a rule or openly shows disrespect, we can say that he or she has committed a violation.
• Sexual Harassment: This refers to physical or verbal behaviour that is of sexual nature and against the wishes of a woman.

Haryana State Board HBSE 7th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 4 Growing up as Boys and Girls Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 7th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 4 Growing up as Boys and Girls

HBSE 7th Class Civics Growing up as Boys and Girls Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Are the statements given alongside true or false? Support your answer with the use of an example.
(a) All societies do not think similarly about the roles that boys and girls play.
(b) Our society does not make distinctions between boys and girls when they are growing up.
(c) Women who stay at home do not work.
(d) The work that women do is less valued than that of men.
Answer:
(a) True.
The way children grow in Madhya Pradesh and in Samoa is not the same.

(b) False.
Girls are discriminated against in their day-to-day, life against boys.

(c) False.
They do most of the household chores which involve physical strengths.

(d) True
Although it is a negative aspect it is prevalent in our society. We have a common notion that the household work women do is less paid for.

Question 2.
Housework is invisible and unpaid work. Housework is physically demanding housework is time-consuming. Write in your own words what is meant by the terms ‘invisible’, ‘physically demanding’, and ‘ time-consuming? Give one example of each based on household tasks undertaken by women in your home.
Answer:
‘Invisible’, here, means that the work done by women is devalued when it is not paid for because their physical and emotional stress is not recognized.

‘Physically demanding1 means that more labour is required to do household jobs than other work, technical or mechanical.

‘Time consuming1 means that household work requires a lot of time. Most-of her time is consumed in these activities and less time is left for herself or to relax.

Question 3.
If you have someone working k.s domestic help in your house or locality talk to her and find out a little bit more about her life. Who are her family members? Where is her home? How many hours does she work? How much is she paid? Write a small story based on these details.
Answer:
Yes, I know,Mr. Kanta Devi who is working as a domestic help in our locaiity. She does a lot of work-sweeping, cleaning, washing clothes, cooking food and looking after young children. Her family members living in jhuggi jhopari area near Yamuna river. She has two daughters and a son. She is a widow. She works at least 6 to 8 hours in a house where she is taking job. She gets very low salary approximate? 1,500 per month.

Question 4.
Make a list of toys and games that boys typically play and another of girls. List there is difference between these two lists. Can you think of some reasons why this is so? Does that have any relationship to the roles children have to play as adults?
Answer:
Toys and Games

These toys and games offered to boys and girls become a way of telling children that they will have different features when they become men
and women. This also reflects the difference in respect of physical strength and stamina alongwith influence of the society.

EXRCISE

Question 1.

The given picture relates to Samoan child in his school uniform. In what ways do the experience of Samoan children and teenagers differ from your own experiences of growing up? Is there anything in this experience that you wish was part of your growing up?
Answer:

Yes, I wish that we should be given experience of practical life alongwith the school activities.

Question 2.

Why do girls like to go to school together in groups?
Answer:
Girls like to go to school together in groups because:
(а) They have a fear of being teased or attacked if they walk alone.
(б) They feel more secure and safe if they walk in groups.

Question 3.
Were Harmeet and Shonali correct in saying that Harmeet’s mother did not work?
Answer:
Harmeet and Shonali are not correct in saying that Harmeet’s mother did not work because
(a) She is a housewife and the household work is a full-day job.
(b) Her work is taxing and time-consuming.
(c) If she does not work, everything in the house will be in chaos.

Question 4.
What do you think would happen if your mother or those involved in doing the work at home went on a strike for a day?
Answer:
If my mother or those involved in doing work at home went on a strike for a day, the whole house would turn into a chaos. The men of the house would’nt be able to manage it.

Question 5.
Why do you think that men and boys generally do not do house work? Do you think they should?
Answer:
Men and boys generally do not do house work because:
(a) In our society, it is believed that household work is the respohsibility of women of the house.
(b) They are brought up like that and are not given training of any household work from the beginning.

Yes, I think they should also do household because:
(i) In case, women go out to work, they can manage house
(ii) Household work is a joint responsibility.

Question 6.
Below is some data from a special study done by the central statistical organization of India (1998-99).

Study the table given above and answer the related questions.

(а) What are the total number of work hours spent by women in Haryana and Tamil Nadu each week?
Answer:
Total number of work hours spent by women in Haryana is 53 and in Tamil Nadu 44 in a week.

(b) How does this compare with the total number of work hours spent by men?
Answer:
The number of workhours spent by men in Haryana are 40 and in Tamil Nadu 44 in a week.
In Haryana women spend more hours on work than men.
Men spend only 5 percent of their total hours of work in household.

Question 7.
What do you think this poster is trying to say?

Answer:
This poster is trying to highlight the importance of women in household and in the lives of men. The women should also be given their place of dignity and equality in society.

Question 8.
This poster was created by ^omen’s groups in Bengal. Can you write an interesting slogan for the poster?

Answer:
Women the Divine Power.

HBSE 7th Class Civics Growing up as Boys and Girls Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Where are the Samoan Island situated?
Answer:
The Samoan Islands are situated in the Southern Pacific Ocean.

Question 2.
What are the main work of Samoan people?
Answer:
The main work of the Samoan people are fishing and planting coconuts.

Question 3.
How do societies make distinction between boys and girls in their early age?
Answer:
The boys and girls are given different toys such as car and doll to play with in their young age.

Question 4.
To whom the main responsibility for housework is given?
Answer:
The main responsibility for housework is given to women.

Question 5.
Who is Mangala?
Answer:
Mangala is a domestic helper in the house of Harmeet.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write a brief note on the life of Samon Children.
Answer:
(i) The Samoan children did not go to school.
(ii) They learnt to take care of children and do house work.
(iii) They learnt to undertake fishing.

Question 2.
For what purpose the boys did use the street?
Answer:
The boys used the street as a place to stand around idling, to play, to try out tricks with their bicycles.

Question 3.
Did Shalini not work all the day and not deserve to be treated with some respect?
Answer:
(i) Shalini worked all the day starting from five in the morning till late in the night.
(ii) She deserved to be treated with some respect.

Question 4.
What has the Government done for girls to attend school and the women to work outside the home?
Answer:
The Government has setup ‘anganwadis’ or childcare centre by passing laws to provide creche facilities.
(a) Creche is a day nursery for children when their parents are at work.
(b) Thus, the provision of creches helps women to work outside the home. It also provide opportunity to more girls to attend school.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What tasks does the housework involve in rural and urban areas?
Answer:
The housework involves the following tasks:
In rural areas women and girls carry heavy loads of firewood. They wash cloths and dishes, sweep and clean floors. They also pick up loads which require bending, lifting and carrying. They also cook food by standing for long hours in front of hot stoves both in rural and urban areas. They take care of children, old and sick people at home.

Question 2.
What did Shalini say about her experience of working in Delhi?
Answer:
(i) Shalini said that her Memsahib always shouted to get work done.
(ii) I started my work at 5 o’clock in the kitchen.
(iii) I was given a cup of tea and two dry rotis and never could get third roti in the breakfast.
(iv) I took an extra roti secretly in the evening.
(v) I could not wear chappals in the house. As a result, my feet would swell up in the winter.

Growing up as Boys and Girls Class 7 HBSE Notes

• Care-giving: Caregiving refers to a range of tasks related to looking after and nurturing. Besides physical looks, they also involve a strong emotional aspect.
• Devalued: When someone is not given due recognition for a task or a job they have done, they can feel devalued.
• Double Burden: Literally means double load. This term is commonly used to describe women’s work situations. It has emerged from a recognition that women typically labour both inside the house and outside.
• Identity: Identity is a sense of self-awareness of who one is.