Class 9

Haryana State Board HBSE 9th Class English Solutions Grammar Subject Verb Agreement Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 9th Class English Grammar Subject Verb Agreement

Subject Verb Agreement :
(Agreement on Verb and Subject)
A verb must agree with its subject in number and person. In this connection the following are some important points to remember.
(एक Verb संख्या एवं व्यक्ति (person) के मामले में अवश्य अपने subject (कत्ता) के अनुरूप होता है। इस विषय में निम्नलिखित महत्त्वपूर्ण बातें याद रखने योग्य हैं।)

1. In the present tense of most English verbs the third person singular ends in -s, but there is no -5 on the third person plural.
(Present Tense में अंग्रेज़ी में III person एकवचन के अधिकतर verbs के पीछे ‘s’ लगता है। मगर III person plural के पीछे ‘s’ नहीं लगता।)
A cow eats grass.
Cows eat grass.

My friend likes swimming.
My friends like swimming.

The chief exceptions to this rule are he is- they are, where different words are used, and he does-they do, he goes—they go, where the singular ending is not -s, but -es, because the previous letter is a vowel. Can, may, must and ought, and the auxiliaries will and shall do not have -s on either the singular or the plural.
He will do it if you ask him.
They will do it if you ask them.

But when will is a full verb, and not an auxiliary, it follows the rule for most other verbs, and takes the ending -s on the third person singular.
Whatever God wills, man cannot alter.

Note that in verbs that end in y preceded by a consonant (fly, try, pity), the y is changed to an i and -es is added.
A bird flies.
He tries.
She pities the unfortunate child.

2. When the subject is one of, followed by a plural noun (one of the teachers, one of the employees), the verb is singular, to agree with one. There is often a temptation to make it agree with the plural noun that immediately precedes it, but this, is incorrect.
(जब subject हो one of और उसके बाद कोई बहुवचन संज्ञा (अध्यापकों में से एक, कर्मचारियों में से एक) हो तो one के अनुसार verb एकवचन ही रहता है। कई बार छात्र उस बहुवचन noun को देखते हुए बहुवचन क्रिया लगा देते हैं जो कि गलत है।)

One of my teachers lives next door to my aunt, (not live)
One of my friends has a fine collection of postage stamps, (not have)

3. If a clause or any other long group of words separates the subject from the verb, special care is necessary to remember the actual subject-word, and to make the verb agree with it.
(अगर कोई clause या शब्दों का समूह subject को verb से अलग करता है तो वास्तविक subject-word को ध्यान में रखकर verb को प्रयोग किया जाता है।)

All the books which have been placed on that table by the window need re-binding.
The radio which you gave my children works perfectly.

4. When the subject is the formal there, the verb agrees with the ‘real’ subject that follows it.
(जब subject औपचारिक There हो तो verb वास्तविक subject के अनुसार होता है जो इसके बाद आता है।)

There is no reason to doubt his honesty.
There are thirty pupils in our class. .

5. Normally, when a subject consists of two or more nouns, it has the force of a plural, and takes a plural verb.
(आमतौर पर जब कर्ता में दो या अधिक nouns हो तो इसमें बहुवचन की ताकत होती है और इसकी बहुवचन क्रिया होती है।)

John and Mary have gone for a holiday.
Barley, wheat and rice are cereals.

But when two or more nouns represent a compound name of one thing, then the compound is thought of as singular, and takes a singular verb.
(मगर जब दो या अधिक noun एक वस्तु के मिश्रित noun को बनाते हैं तो singular मानते हैं और एकवचन क्रिया लगाते हैं।)

Bread and butter is a wholesome food.
There’s eggs and bacon for breakfast.

6. Similarly when a plural number applies to distances, weights, heights or amounts of money, and represents a single figure or quantity, it is treated as a singular and takes a singular verb.
(इसी प्रकार जब कोई बहुवचन संख्या, दूरी, वजन, ऊँचाई या पैसों की राशि के बारे में हो और एक अंक या मात्रा को दर्शाता है तो उसे एकवचन माना जाता है और उसके बाद एकवचन क्रिया लगती है।)

Ten pounds is a lot of money, (not are)
Twenty miles is not a great distance in. these days of rapid travel, (not are)
Two pounds of coffee costs seven and sixpence, (not cost)

7. If the title of a literary work, or the name of a house or a hotel, is a plural, for purposes of agreement it is treated as a singular, since it is only one title or one building.
(अगर किसी साहित्यिक कृति का शीर्षक, किसी घर या होटल का नाम बहुवचन हो तो उसे एकवचन माना जाता है क्योंकि यह केवल एक शीर्षक तथा एक इमारत है।)

The Thirty-Nine Steps was written by John Buchan.
The Rose and, Crown is situated in the High Street.

Exercises For Practice (Solved)

Exercise 1

Insert the correct form of the present tense of the verb in the blank spaces in the following sentences. The verb to be used is given in brackets at the end of each sentence.

1. A new car a lot of money. (cost)
2. Most things more now than they did a few years ago. (cost)
3. Jet aeroplanes very fast. (fly)
4. An aeroplane more quickly than a bird. (fly)
5. The countryside very beautiful in spring. (look)
Answers :
1. A new car costs a lot of money. (cost)
2. Most things cost more now than they did a few years ago. (cost)
3. Jet aeroplanes fly very fast. (fly)
4. An aeroplane flies more quickly than a bird. (fly)
5. The countryside looks very beautiful in spring. (look)

Exercise 2

Fill in the blanks with is/am/are or with has/have :

1. People ………… waiting for new government.
2. Indian politics ………… very complex.
3. The public ………… in no mood to listen to him.
4. The sheep ………… a big source of wool.
5. A great number of students ………… waiting for their results.
Answers :
1. People are waiting for new government.
2. Indian politics is very complex.
3. The public is in no mood to listen to him.
4. The sheep is a big source of wool.
5. A great number of students are waiting for their results.

Exercise 3

Insert the correct form of the present tense of the verb in the blank spaces in the following sentences. The verb to be used is given in brackets at the end of each sentence.

1. Those children ………… very healthy (look).
2. One of the players ………… from the same village as myself, (come)
3. In Britain many workers ………… to work in their own cars, (go)
4. All the pupils in our school ………… English, (learn)
5. The owner of that factory ………… very rich and …………. in a large house, (be, live)
Answers :
1. Those children look very healthy (look).
2. One of the players comes from the same village as myself. (come)
3. In Britain many workers go to work in their own cars. (go)
4. All the pupils in our school learn English. (learn)
5. The owner of that factory is very rich and lives in a large house, (be, live)

Exercise 4

Fill in the blanks with is/am/are or with has/have :

1. Each of the matches ………… different from the other.
2. There ………… a group of public men waiting to see the CM.
3. The staff ………… agreed to work overtime.
4. Either he or his friends ………… going to win the prize.
5. Neither he nor I ………… keen to see this movie.
Answers :
1. Each of the matches is different from the other.
2. There is a group of public men waiting to see the CM.
3. The staff has agreed to work overtime.
4. Either he or his friends are going to win the prize.
5. Neither he nor I am keen to see this movie.

Exercise 5

Insert the correct form of the present tense of’the verb in the blank spaces in the following sentences. The verb to be used is given in brackets at the end of each sentence.

1. One of the pupils in our class ………… a motor cycle, (own)
2. Some people ………… travelling by sea, as it ………… them sea-sick, (dislike, make)
3. The postman ………… each morning with the letters, (call)
4. A snail ………… very slowly, (move)
5. All the books on that shelf ………… to me. (belong)
Answers :
1. One of the pupils in our class owns a motor cycle (own)
2. Some people dislike travelling by sea, as it makes them sea-sick. (dislike, make)
3. The postman calls each morning with the letters. (call)
4. A snail moves very slowly, (move)
5. All the books on that shelf belong to me. (belong)

Exercise 6

Fill in the blanks with is/am/are or with has/have :

1. A lot of pullution ………… caused by the noise of the factories.
2. Either your eyessight or your brackes ………… at fault.
3. Bread and butter ………… my main worry.
4. Mr. John or Mr. Samuel ………… likely to mave the resolution.
5. Either those children or Mohan ………… picked all the flowers.
Answers :
1. A lot of pullution is caused by the noise of the factories.
2. Either your eyessight or your brackes are at fault.
3. Bread and butter is my main worry.
4. Mr. John or Mr. Samuel is likely to mave the resolution.
5. Either those children or Mohan has picked all the flowers.

Exercise 7

Insert the correct form of the present tense of the verb in the blank spaces in the following sentences. The verb to be used is given in brackets at the end of each sentence.

1. Her aunt and uncle ………… a house in the country, (have)
2. Four ounces ………… the smallest quantity we sell, (be)
3. Apple pie and custard ………… my favourite dish, (be)
4. Ten miles ………… a long way to walk, (be)
5. The tallest on the three boys ………… next door to me. (live)
Answers :
1. Her aunt and uncle have a house in the country, (have)
2. Four ounces is the smallest quantity we sell, (be)
3. Apple pie and custard is my favourite dish, (be)
4. Ten miles is a long way to walk, (be)
5. The tallest on the three boys lives next door to me. (live)

Exercise 8

Fill in the blanks with is/am/are or with has/have:

1. Good and bad behaviour ………… inculcated by example.
2. Nobody, not even the teacher ………… present.
3. A boy with his sister and brother ………… standing at the door.
4. The chairman as well as the members ………… to blame for this misfortune.
5. What we now need ………… good government.
Answers :
1. Good and bad behaviour are inculcated by example.
2. Nobody, not even the teacher was present.
3. A boy with his sister and brother is standing at the door.
4. The chairman as well as the members are to blame for this misfortune.
5. What we now need are good government.

Exercise 9

Fill in the blanks with is/am/are or with has/have:

1. There ………… many rooms in that large hotel.
2. There ………… several pages missing from this book.
3. If you want some sugar, there ………… some in that basin.
4. There ………… eleven players in a football team.
5. There ………… nothing to be afraid of.
Answers :
1. There are many rooms in that large hotel.
2. There are several pages missing from this book.
3. If you want some sugar, there is some in that basin.
4. There are eleven players in a football team.
5. There is nothing to be afraid of.

Exercise 10

Fill in the blanks with is/am/are or with has/have:

1. What I say and do ………… none of your concern.
2. Billiards ………… a rich man’s game’.
3. The news from the war front ………… not very encouraging.
4. The police ………… issued the summons to the accused.
5. The Public ………… the right to know the truth.
Answers :
1. What I say and do is none of your concern.
2. Billiards is a rich man’s game’.
3. The news from the war front is not very encouraging.
4. The police have issued the summons to the accused.
5. The Public has the right to know the truth.

Exercise 11

Fill in the blanks with is/am/are or with has/have:

1. There ………… a cause for everything.
2. There ………… no lamps in this street.
3. There ………… several bookshops in our town.
4. There ………… little hope of his coming now.
5. There ………… a fierce dog in that yard.
Answers :
1. There is a cause for everything.
2. There are no lamps in this street.
3. There are several bookshops in our town.
4. There is little hope of his coming now.
5. There is a fierce dog in that yard.

Exercise 12

Fill in the blanks with is/am/are or with has/have:

1. Some members of his own party is likely to oppose him.
2. One who betrays others are sure to fail in life.
3. None of the issues raised by him have public support.
4. He who is steady are always a winner.
5. The jury is having dinner.
Answers :
1. Some members of his own party are likely to oppose him.
2. One who betrays others is sure to fail in life.
3. None of the issues raised by him has public support.
4. He who is steady is always a winner.
5. The jurv is having dinner.

Exercise 13

Fill in the blanks with is/am/are or with has/have:

1. Today none of the programmes ………… worth watching.
2. Neither of these two boys ………… my student.
3. Most of the members ………… present in the meeting.
4. A vast majority of the share holders ………… waiting for the. M.D.
5. Women Gymnastics ………… very popular in our college.
6. Each of the drawers ………… a separate key.
Answers :
1. Today none of the programmes is worth watching.
2. Neither of these two boys is my student.
3. Most of the members are present in the meeting.
4. A vast majority of the share holders is waiting for the. M.D.
5. Women Gymnastics is very popular in our college.
6. Each of the drawers has a separate key.

Exercise 14

Insert was or were after there in the following sentences.
1. There ………… a thunderstorm last night.
2. There ………… much damage done to the crops.
3. There ………… several people in the room.
4. There ………… an accident here last week.
5. There ………… many fine paintings at the exhibition.
Answers :
1. There was a thunderstorm last night.
2. There was much damage done to the crops.
3. There were several people in the room.
4. There was an accident here last week.
5. There were many fine paintings at the exhibition.

Exercise 15

Fill in the blanks with is/am/are or with has/have:

1. The commitee usually raises their hands to vote ‘Yes’.
2. Women gymnasts are very popular in our college.
3. Statistics were my worst subject.
4. The only people who are interested in this seem to lawyers.
5. Research and development entail a lot of cost.
Answers :
1. The commitee usually raise their hands to vote ‘Yes’.
2. Women gymnasts are very popular in our college.
3. Statistics is my worst subject.
4. The only people who are interested in this seem to lawyers.
5. Research and development entail a lot of cost.

Haryana State Board HBSE 9th Class English Solutions Grammar Adverbs Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 9th Class English Grammar Adverbs

What is an Adverb ?
An adverb adds to the meaning of a verb by telling its quality.
एक क्रिया-विशेषण किसी क्रिया का गुण बताकर उसके अर्थ को बढ़ाता है।
He ran fast.
She walks slowly
उपरोक्त वाक्यों में fast और slowly adverbs हैं।

Kinds of Adverb :

Adverbs are of three main classes.
(क्रिया-विशेषण मुख्यतः तीन प्रकार के होते हैं।)
1. Simple Adverbs
2. Interrogative Adverbs
3. Relative Adverbs

1. Simple Adverbs are of five kinds.
(साधारण Adverbs पाँच प्रकार के होते हैं।)

(i) Adverbs of Time indicate the time of an action; as,
Now, then, before, after, when, soon, immediately, presently, instandy, early, late, today, tomorrow, yet, still etc., are some of the ‘adverbs of time’.

You should go soon.
I met Mohan yesterday.
He is going at 5 p.m. today.
Though old you are still handsome.

(ii) Adverbs of Place indicate where an action is performed; as,
Here, there, hither, thither, then, within, without, above, somewhere, away, below, inside, outside etc. are some of the adverbs of place.

He came here.
She sat down.
He is not there.

(iii) Adverbs of Manner indicate where any style is performed; as,
Well, ill, slowly, quickly, happily, badly, etc. are some of the adverbs of manner. These adverbs answer the question “how”.

The dog ran swiftly.
She works carefully.
She speaks quickly.
He learnt english properly.

(iv) Adverbs of Number indicate how often an action is performed; as,
Once, twice, thrice, often, seldom, again, firsdy etc. are some of the adverbs of number. These adverbs answer the question “how often?” or “in what order ?”

Come again.
I meet him twice a week.
He seldom comes to me.

(v) Adverbs of Degree or Quantity indicate extent or degree and modify an adjective; as,
Very, quite, rather, too, almost, enough, partly, wholly, much, more, most, little, less etc. are some of the adverbs of degree or quantity.

He is quite careful about his health, whereas you are rather careless.
He is too weak to walk.

2. Interrogative Adverbs:

Interrogative Adverbs are used for asking questions ; as, why, when, where, how, how many. Why are you running ?
(कारण पूछना)

When will you meet your friend ? (समय पूछना)
Where will you stay ? (स्थान पूछना)
How many students were present ? (संख्या पूछना)
How much milk do you take daily ? (मात्रा पूछना)

3. Relative Adverbs:

Relative Adverbs are used for joining two sentences (like a conjunction).
They refer back to an antecedent (like a pronoun). These are all interrogative adverbs, but do not ask questions.

Relative adverbs also modify some verb.
He took me to the place where, he lived.
‘Where’ joins two sentences and refers to a place.

Formation of Adverbs:

(a) Adverbs are generally formed by adding ‘ly’. But some adverbs are formed differently. In some cases the form is identical with the adjective form.
क्रिया-विशेषण प्रायः शब्द के साथ ‘ly’ लगाकर बनते हैं। मगर कुछ Adverbs अलग ढंग से बनते हैं। कुछ मामलों में Adjective और Adverb का रूप एक-सा होता है।

This is an early train. (adjective)
He came early. (adverb)
This is my only pen. (adjective)
I only want your books. (adverb)

Note : Sometimes ‘ly’ is added to the adjective form (also used as adverb) but the two forms of adverbs are differently used. Sometimes they differ in meaning too, as, late, lately; quick, quickly; direct, directly, free, freely.

They work hard. (मेहनत से)
They hardly work. (शायद ही कभी)
She came home direct (सीधे)
Directly the bell went, she ran home. (एकदम)

(b) Adverbs are also formed by adding ‘ly’ to nouns; monthly, weekly, daily, fortnightly.

(c) Some adverbs are formed by adding suffixes to nouns, adjectives and adverbs; as, aside, away, besides, afloat, above, behind, below, hereby, therein, midnight, sometimes etc.

Use of Some Adverbs:

1. Quite, very

‘Quite’ conveys the sense of wholly. ‘Very’ conveys the sense of high degree.
The story is quite true.
He is very intelligent.

2. Very, much

‘Very’ modifies adjectives or adverbs in positive degree while ‘much’ modifies those in the ‘comparative degree’.
He is a very brave man.
This room is much better than that.
Similarly ‘very’ modifies a Present Participle, while ‘much’ modifies a Past Participle.
This is a very interesting book.
He was much interested in this book.
‘Very’ sometimes modifies the adverb ‘much’ as,
She was very much angry with me.

3. Since, ago, before

‘Since’ refers to a previous time till now : as,
The Postman has since come.
She. has since arrived.
‘Ago’ is used to suggest a span of time ending in the past; as,
I met him two years ago.
‘Before’ is used to suggest formerly; as,
I had never seen the circus before.

4. Too much, much too
‘Too much’ is used before a noun, while ‘much too’ is used before an adjective; as, He is much too strong for me.
Too much of anything is bad.

5. However and rather
‘However’ means ‘as much as can be’
However hard you may try, you cannot defeat me.
‘Rather’ means ‘somewhat’ :
She behaved rather rudely.

Exercises For Practice (Solved)

Exercise 1

Fill in the blanks with suitable adverbs out of the list given below ;
thrice, once, enough, always, seldom, quickly, fluently, yesterday, gently, here, there, eagerly, soundly, day before yesterday, never.

1. He can speak English …………. .
2. He went there …………. .
3. She talks …………. .
4. Please sit …………. .
5. Go …………. .
6. I met him …………. .
7. He is sleeping …………. .
8. …………. I saw a tiger.
9. He is …………. late
10. He …………. speaks the truth.
11. She is …………. absent.
12. They were …………. rich.
13. She is rich …………. to buy a car.
14. I shall teach you …………. a week
15. I have met him …………. .
Answers:
1. He can speak English fluently.
2. He went there yesterday.
3. She talks gently .
4. Please sit here .
5. Go quickly .
6. I met him day before yesterday .
7. He is sleeping soundly .
8. once I saw a tiger.
9. He is seldom late
10. He always speaks the truth.
11. She is never absent.
12. They were once rich.
13. She is rich enough to buy a car.
14. I shall teach you thrice a week
15. I have met him there.

Exercise 2

Fill in the blank with suitable interrogative adverbs:
1. …………. are you wasting your time?
2. …………. will he go to Delhi ?
3. …………. will you learn manners ?
4. …………. did you fare in the examination ?
5. …………. do you blame me ?
6. …………. boys were present in the haIl ?
7. …………. noble is your mother!
8. …………. big is your house ?
9. …………. tall is this building ?
10. …………. brothers are you ?
Answers :
1. Why are you wasting your time?
2. When will he go to Delhi ?
3. When will you learn manners ?
4. How did you fare in the examination ?
5. Why do you blame me ?
6. How many boys were present in the haIl ?
7. How noble is your mother!
8. How big is your house ?
9. How tall is this building ?
10. How many brothers are you ?

Exercise 3

Fill in the blanks with suitable relative adverbs :

1. He told me …………. the accident had taken place.
2. He does not know …………. the guests will arive.
3. This is the time …………. you should pay attention to studies.
4. This is die shop …………. you can buy anything.
5. He took me …………. the examination was held.
Answers :
1. He told me where the accident had taken place.
2. He does not know when the guests will arive.
3. This is the time when you should pay attention to studies.
4. This is die shop where you can buy anything.
5. He took me where the examination was held.

Exercise 4

Fill in the blanks by choosing adverbs from the list given below :
too, often, very, much, since, too much, ago, rather, however, quite, already, seldom, never, always.
1. He was …………. tired.
2. His services are …………. in demand.
3. The school broke up a fortnight ………….
4. I have not, met him …………. Monday.
5. They are …………. quick.
6. She is …………. good to cheat any one.
7. I meet him ………….
8. The novel is …………. interesting.
9. He is a …………. nice man.
10. …………. quick your actions, they don’t impress.
11. You should …………. tell a lie.
12. We should …………. speak the truth.
13. Barking dogs …………. bite.
14. My officer is …………. satisfied with my performance.
15. I have …………. finished my work.
16. I am …………. sony at your failuæ in the examination.
17. He is …………. happy in his new house.
18. it. is a …………. lonely place.
19. The patient is …………. better.
20. I have not met you ………….
21. He is …………. weak to walk.
22. She is …………. innocent to understand the ways of the world.
Answers :
1. He was very tired.
2. His services are much in demand.
3. The school broke up a fortnight ago.
4. I have not, met him since Monday.
5. They are very quick.
6. She is too good to cheat any one.
7. I meet him often.
8. The novel is very interesting.
9. He is a very nice man.
10. However quick your actions, they don’t impress.
11. You should never tell a lie.
12. We should always speak the truth.
13. Barking dogs seldom bite.
14. My officer is quite satisfied with my performance.
15. I have already finished my work.
16. I am very sony at your failuæ in the examination.
17. He is very happy in his new house.
18. it. is a rather lonely place.
19. The patient is much better.
20. I have not met you often.
21. He is too weak to walk.
22. She is too innocent to understand the ways of the world.

Exercise 5

Fill in the blanks with suitable degrees of the adverbs given in the brackets :

1. They behaved than their neighbours. (kindly)
2. He talked to me . than his brother. (rudely)
3. She speaks than her sister. (sweetly)
4. He gets up than his wife. (early)
5. He talks than his wife. (loudly)
6. He treats his servants than we do. (badly)
7. My father feels today. (better)
8. The Prime Minister’s house is guarded. (heavily)
9. My mother treats me than my father. (lovingly)
10. Of all runners Milkha Singh ran . (fast)
Answers :
1. more kindly
2. more rudely
3. more sweetly
4. earlier
5. more loudly
6. worse better
8. most heavily
9. more lovingly
10. the fastest.

Haryana State Board HBSE 9th Class English Solutions Grammar Modals Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 9th Class English Grammar Modals

What is a Modal?
Modals एक प्रकार की सहायक क्रियाएं हैं। ये main verb के साथ मिलकर कार्य करने के mode या तरीके को बताती हैं। ये योग्यता, अनुमति, संभावना, कर्तव्य जैसे विचारों को व्यक्त करती हैं। मुख्यतः will, shall, would, should, can, could, may, might, must, need, dare, ought to और used to आदि modal auxiliaries हैं।

Features of Modals (सहायक क्रियाओं की विशेषताएँ)
(a) Modals कभी अकेली नहीं आतीं। इनका प्रयोग सदा main verb के साथ किया जाता है; जैसे
You must do this work.
I can solve this sum.

(b) Subject के number, gender या person का modals पर कोई प्रभाव नहीं होता; जैस
I can go there.
We can go there.
You can go there.
They can go there.
He can go there.
She can go there.

(c) Modals के साथ verb की Ist form का प्रयोग होता है। परंतुought और used के साथ ‘to’ Infinitive का प्रयोग होता है; जैसे
He will leave for Mumbai today.
You should work hard.
I can help you.
We ought to serve our country.
He used to help me in the past

(d) Modals के साथ ‘be’ लगाने पर उसके बाद verb की Ist form और ing का प्रयोग करते हैं, जैसे
Sudha will be writing a letter.
I shall be travelling in a train tomorrow.
Poonam will be dancing.

(e) Modals के बाद ‘have’ लगने पर उसके बाद verb की IIIrd form का प्रयोग करते हैं, जैसे
He must have done this work.
He should have passed the test.
He may have gone to Delhi.

Uses of Modals:

1. SHALL

(i) Shall का प्रयोग Ist person (I, we) के साथ साधारण future tense को व्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है; जैसे
I shall know my result tomorrow.
We shall leave for Mumbai in the evening.

(ii) आदेश (command) के लिए second और third persons के pronouns के साथ; जैसे
You shall do as I say.
You shall not disobey your parents.

(iii) वचन (promise) को व्यक्त करने के लिए; जैसे
You shall get a prize.
You shall have a wrist watch on your birthday

(iv) बाध्यता या अनिवार्यता (compulsion or necessity) को व्यक्त करने के लिए; जैसे
You shall not enter the kitchen with dirty feet.
You shall not make a noise.

(v) संकल्प (determination) अथवा निश्चय (certainty) को व्यक्त करने के लिए; जैसे
He shall take revenge on his enemy.
He shall get good marks, I am sure.

(vi) प्रश्नवाचक वाक्यों (interrogative sentences) में shall का प्रयोग I/we के साथ किसी दूसरे के सामने अपनी सेवा . प्रस्तुत करने के लिए या प्रार्थना करने के लिए किया जाता है; जैसे
Shall I carry your heavy bag ?
Shall we go to see a film today ?

2. WILL

(i) Will का प्रयोग IInd और IIIrd person (you, he, she, they, it आदि) के साथ simple future tense को व्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है; जैसे
He will come here at Diwali.
They will never learn good manners.

(ii) प्रार्थना या निमंत्रण के लिए; जैसे
Will you open the door, please?
Will you have a cup of tea?

(iii) आदत के लिए; जैसे
A dog’s tail will never become straight.
He will never tell the truth.

(iv) Ist person (I/we) के साथ निश्चय (certainty) को व्यक्त करने के लिए; जैसे
I will write a letter to her in the evening.
We will visit the theatre next week.

(v) I/we के साथ संकल्प (determination) को व्यक्त करने के लिए, जैसे
I will get 1st division.
We will win the race.
I will become a great man one day.

(vi) ‘इच्छा’ (willingness) को व्यक्त करने के लिए; जैसे
I will come with you if you want.
I will help you in this matter.

(vii)आदेश (order) या निर्देश (instruction) को व्यक्त करने के लिए; जैसे
You will do as I say.
You will not beat your brother.

(viii) अनुमान या संभावना (inference or probability) को व्यक्त करने के लिए; जैसे
The boys in blue dress will be his brother.
By this time Mohan will be there.

(ix) शर्त वाले (conditional) वाक्य के लिए; जैसे
If you work hard, you will pass.
If you don’t run, you will miss the train.

(x) चेतावनी देने के लिए or या otherwise वाले वाक्यों में; जैसे
Work hard otherwise you will fail.
Run fast or you will miss the train.

3. SHOULD

(i) Indirect speech में shall के past tense के रूप में; जैसे-
I told him that I should help him.
He said that they should go there.

(ii) कर्त्तव्य (duty) की भावना प्रकट करने के लिए; जैसे-
We should obey our parents.
We should help the poor.

(iii) सलाह तथा सझाव (advice or suggestion) को व्यक्त करने के लिए; जैसे-
You should work hard.
You should take exercise.

(iv) Lest के पश्चात उद्देश्य (purpose) को व्यक्त करने के लिए; जैसे-
Work hard lest you should fail.
Walk carefully lest you should fall.

(v) नैतिक उत्तरदायित्व (moral obligation) को व्यक्त करने के लिए; जैसे-
You should not drink wine.
You should help your sister.

(vi) कल्पना (supposition), संभावना (possibility) तथा शर्त (condition) की भावना को व्यक्त करने के लिए; जैसे-
Should you see my brother ? Tell him to send me a good book.
I think you should win the championship.

(vii) अनुमान (assumption) की भावना को दर्शाने के लिए; जैसे-
She should be here by now.
They should have reached Delhi.

4. WOULD

(i) Indirect speech में will के past के रूप में; जैसे
He told me that he would go to Mumbai.
Mohan said that he would not do that work.

(ii) Past के किसी कार्य को करने की आदत को व्यक्त करने के लिए; जैसे
Gandhiji would spin for hours.
He would often study till late in the night.

(iii) विनम्र प्रार्थना (polite request) के लिए; जैसे
Would you open the door, please?
Would you lend me your bicycle for an hour?

(iv) किसी की इच्छा को जानने के लिए; जैसे
Would you have a cup of tea?
Would you like to come with me?

(v) कोरी कल्पना (wish) को व्यक्त करने के लिए; जैसे
Would that I were a king!
Would that my son were a hard worker!

(vi) असंभावित परिस्थिति (improbable condition) को व्यक्त करने के लिए; जैसे
If a thief came here, he would find only books.
If I got a lottery, I would be very happy.

(vii) दृढ़-निश्चय (determination) को व्यक्त करने के लिए; जैसे
He would have his own way.
I would buy that car at any cost.

(viii)अधिमान (preference) को बताने के लिए; जैसे
I would like to have coffee.
I would rather starve than beg.

5. CAN

(i) योग्यता (ability) को व्यक्त करने के लिए; जैसे

He can swim across the river.
Can you stand on your head ?

(ii) अनुमति (permission) देने के लिए; जैसे
You can see a film if you like.
You can go home if you have done your work.

(iii) अनुमति मांगने के लिए; जैसे
Can I use your dictionary?
Can I go home?

(iv) संभावना (possibility) को व्यक्त करने के लिए; जैसे
Death can come anytime.
He can reach here anytime.

(v) क्षमता या शक्ति (capacity or power) को व्यक्त करने के लिए; जैसे
I can lift this heavy table.
The headmaster can remit your fine.

6. COULD

(i) Indirect speech में can के past के रूप में; जैसे
Mohan said that he could solve the sum.
He asked me if I could help him.

(ii) Past की अनुमति (permission) को दर्शाने के लिए; जैसे
Father said that he could see the film.
She asked me if she could meet me.

(iii) Past की संभावना (possibility) को व्यक्त करने के लिए; जैसे
If he had money, he could buy a scooter.
I wondered whether the news could be true.

(iv) भूतकाल में क्षमता (capacity) या योग्यता (ability) को व्यक्त करने के लिए; जैसे
I could swim when I was young.
She could solve the sum when she was only five years old.

7. MAY

(i) औपचारिक अनुमति (formal permission) लेने या देने के लिए; जैसे
May I come in, Sir ? Yes, you may.
May I use your book? Yes, you may use it.

(ii) इच्छा (wish), प्रार्थना (prayer) या आशीर्वाद (blessing) को व्यक्त करने के लिए; जैसे
May you live long !
May I be able to cross the river !
May God bless her with a son!

(iii) संभावना (possibility) को व्यक्त करने के लिए; जैसे
There are clouds in the sky. It may rain.
Mohan may reach here anytime.

(iv) उद्देश्य (purpose) को बताने के लिए so that से पहले verb की Ist Form लगी होती है। जैसे
We eat so that we may live.
I go to school so that I may become a great man.

(v) अतीत की संभावना (Past possibility) को व्यक्त करने के लिए may have का प्रयोग होता है; जैसे
He may have reached Kanpur.
You may have heard about Akbar.

8. MIGHT

यह may का past रूप है। इसका प्रयोग निम्नलिखित अवस्थाओं में किया जाता है।
(i) भूतकाल में अनुमति लेने या देने के लिए; जैसे
I asked him if I might use his book.
My father told me that I might see a picture.

(ii) भूतकाल (past) में संभावना (possibility) को व्यक्त करने के लिए; जैसे
The doctor said that the patient might recover.

(iii) भूतकाल की इच्छर (wish) को व्यक्त करने के लिए; जैसे
I wished that I might pass the examination.
Mohan wished that his sister might win the race.

(iv) भविष्य काल में किसी क्षीण संभावना (remote possibility) को व्यक्त करने के लिए; जैसे
I might go to the market, but I am not sure.
He might come, if he gets time.
The prices might fall down a little.

(v) उद्देश्य को बताने के लिए; so that से पहले verb की 2nd form लगी होती है। जैसे
He died so that his country might survive.
He worked hard so that he might pass.
If he worked hard, he might get 1st prize.

9. MUST

(i) तीव्र आवश्यकता (dire necessity) को व्यक्त करने के लिए: जैसे
You must take an umbrella as it is raining.
We must run if we want to catch the train.

(ii) अनिवार्यता (compulsion) या बंधन (obligation) को व्यक्त करने के लिए कार्य न करने पर यदि सजा मिलने का प्रावधान हो; जैसे
A servant must obey his master.
We must obey the laws of our country.

(iii) दृढ़-संकल्प (determination) को व्यक्त करने के लिए; जैसे
I must finish this work by evening.
We must attack the enemy before day-break.

(iv) कर्त्तव्य (duty) को व्यक्त करने के लिए; जैसे
You must obey your parents.
We must serve our country.

(v) मनाही (prohibition) को व्यक्त करने के लिए; जैसे
We must not touch electricity.
You must not disobey your elders.
Children must not play on the road.

(vi) संभावना (possibility) को व्यक्त के लिए; जैसे
He must have reached Delhi,
She must have gone to bed by now.

10. OUGHT

Ought का प्रयोग should के स्थान पर किया जा सकता है, मगर इसके साथ ‘to’ का प्रयोग आवश्यक है। इसके प्रयोग निम्नलिखित हैं

(i) नैतिक एवं सामाजिक कर्त्तव्य (moral and social duty) के लिए; जैसे
We ought to obey our teachers.
You ought to help the poor and the needy.
We ought to take pity on the beggars.

(ii) सलाह (Advice) या सुझाब (Suggestion) को व्यक्त करने के लिए; जैसे
You ought to work hard for the examination.
You ought to consult the doctor.

(iii) Ought to + have + verb की IIIrd form के द्वारा यह व्यक्त किया जाता है कि कार्य होना चाहिए था, मगर हुआ नहीं; जैसे
You ought to have met the principal (but you did not).
You ought to have informed the police.

11. NEED

Need एक नियमित क्रिया भी है और एक modal भी। Modal के रूप में इसका प्रयोग केवल नकारात्मक (Negative) तथा प्रश्नवाचक (Interrogative) वाक्यों में होता है; जैसे
(i) आवश्यकता का न होना; जैसे
You needn’t take an umbrella as it has stopped raining.
You need not go on foot.

(ii) आवश्यकता के बारे में कोई प्रश्न पूछना; जैसे
Need you go home so soon? .
Need you speak so fast?
Need she run for catching the bus ?

12. DARE

Need की तरह dare का प्रयोग भी नियमित क्रिया एवं modal दोनों प्रकार से होता है। Modal के रूप में इसका प्रयोग केवल नकारात्मक (Negative) और प्रश्नवाचक (Interrogative) वाक्यों में निम्नलिखित रूप से होता है
(i) साहस का न होना; जैसे-
I dare not enter the Headmaster’s office.
The child dare not go into a dark room at night.

(ii) साहस के बारे में प्रश्न करना; जैसे
Dare you catch a lion by its tail?
How dare you insult me?

13. USED TO

Used to का प्रयोग निम्नलिखित अवस्थाओं में किया जाता है :

(i) भूतकाल की किसी आदत (past habitual action) को दशनि के लिए; जैसे
In the past people used to believe that the earth was flat.
Before marriage, he used to drink a lot.

(ii) भूतकाल में किसी वस्तु के अस्तित्व के लिए; जैसे-
There used to be a big building at the comer.
A fair used to be held in this ground every year.

Exercises For Practice (Solved)

Exercise 1

Fill in the blanks with the modals given in brackets.
1. We ……….. obey the rules, (must, should, could)
2. ……….. you wait for sometime ? (should, could, must)
3. This chair is very light. Even a small boy ……….. lift it. (can, could, must)
4. It is cloudy. It ……….. rain soon, (may, can, might)
5. A son ……….. obey his father, (can, must, should)
6. ……….. you get well soon! (can, may, should)
7. Anyone ……….. make mistakes, (can, must, should) .
8. We ……….. respect our parents, (can, may, should)
9. Asha asked if she ……….. bring her dog in. (can, may, might)
10. “……….. I go out ?” asked her son. (Will, Shall, May)
Answers :
1. We must obey the rules, (must, should, could)
2. Could you wait for sometime ? (should, could, must)
3. This chair is very light. Even a small boy can lift it. (can, could, must)
4. It is cloudy. It may rain soon, (may, can, might)
5. A son must obey his father, (can, must, should)
6. May you get well soon! (can, may, should)
7. Anyone can make mistakes, (can, must, should) .
8. We should respect our parents, (can, may, should)
9. Asha asked if she might bring her dog in. (can, may, might)
10. “May I go out ?” asked her son. (Will, Shall, May)

Exercise 2

Fill in the blanks with the modals given in brackets.
1. Pay your fees in time lest you be fined, (must, will, should)
2. The doctor said I give up smoking, (must, will, should)
3 you mind lending me your pen for a minute ? (would, could, may)
4. You do your work now. (can, may, must)
5. You not speak so loudly, (must, will, may)
6. My son be sixteen next month, (will, shall, can)
7. A judge be upright, (must, should, could)
8 you have a cup of coffee ? (will, can, must)
9. We obey our elders, (could, may, should) .
10.1 like to have coffee, (can, shall, would)
Answers:
1. should
2. should
3. Would
4. can
5. must
6. will
7. must
8. Will
9. should
10. would.

Exercise 3

Fill in the blanks with the modals given in brackets.
1. Walk fast lest you miss the train, (should, could, may)
2. A rat not eat a cat. (can, will, must)
3. I wish it stop raining, (could, would, should)
4. I climb a tree when I was young, (could, should, would)
5. You…. to respect your teachers, (should, ought, could)
6. You obey the rule of the road, (should, can, may)
7. It got so dark that we not see the path, (can, will, could)
8. If you have a ticket, you go inside, (could, may, would)
9. She work hard if she wants to top the class.
10. When I was younger I ran fast, (might, must, would)
Answers :
1. should
2. can
3. should
4. could
5. ought
6. should
7. could
8. may
9. must
10. wolud

Haryana State Board HBSE 9th Class English Solutions Grammar Reported Speech Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 9th Class English Grammar Reported Speech

निम्नलिखित वाक्यों को ध्यान से पढ़िए-
(a) Sudhir said to Rohan, “I am going to Delhi.”
(b) Sudhir told Rohan that he was going to Delhi.

इन वाक्यों से स्पष्ट होता है कि –
1. वाक्य (a) में सुधीर के शब्दों को ज्यों-का-त्यों दोहराया गया है। वक्ता के शब्दों को इस प्रकार व्यक्त करने के ढंग को Direct Speech कहते हैं।
2. वाक्य (b) में सुधीर के शब्दों का साराँश हमने अन्य शब्दों में दिया है। शब्दों के इस प्रकार के वर्णन को Indirect Speech कहते हैं।

कुछ महत्त्वपूर्ण बातें –
(i) वक्ता द्वारा कहे गए शब्दों को Reported Speech (रिपोर्टिड स्पीच) कहते हैं, जैसे-
“I am going to Delhi.”

(ii) वक्ता, जैसे वाक्य (a) में सुधीर को Subject of the reporting verb (रिपोर्टिंग वर्ब का कत्ता) कहते हैं।

(iii) जिसको वक्ता कुछ कहता है; जैसे वाक्य (a) में रोहन को Reporting Verb का Object (कर्म) कहते हैं।

(iv) Say, says, said तथा इनसे पहले आने वाली सहायक क्रियाओं को संयुक्त रूप से Reported Verb कहते हैं।

Direct Speech के बारे में कुछ तथ्य –
1. Reported Speech को Inverted Commas (“”) के अंदर रखा जाता है।
2. Reported Speech का पहला शब्द बड़े अक्षर (Capital letter) से आरंभ होता है।
3. Reported Verb के पश्चात सदा comma (,) लगाया जाता है।

Indirect Speech के बारे में कुछ तथ्य –
1. Reported Speech को Inverted Commas (” “) के अंदर नहीं रखा जाता है।
2. Reported Speech तथा Reported verb के बीच में comma नहीं होता।
3. Reported speech से पहले प्रायः That, if आदि का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
4. Reported Verb का Tense (काल) कभी नहीं बदलता।
5. Reported Speech को Direct से Indirect में बदलते समय उसमें प्रयुक्त Pronouns (सर्वनामों), words showing nearness (निकटता प्रकट करने वाले शब्दों) तथा इसके Tense (काल) आदि में कुछ परिवर्तन होता है।

Rules for Change of Tenses:

Rule
1. यदि Reporting Verb वर्तमान या भविष्यकाल में हो तो Reported Speech के Verb को नहीं बदलते; जैसे –
Direct: He tells me, “You will be a great man one day.
Indirect: He tells me that I will be a great man one day.

Direct: He will say, “I am very busy.”
Indirect: He will say that he is very busy. Rule

2. यदि Reporting Verb, Past Tense में हो तो Reported Speech के Verb को नीचे लिखे ढंग से बदलते हैं; जैसे –
(a) Present Indefinite Tense को Past Indefinite Tense में बदलते हैं, जैसे-

Direct: He said, “I live in Pindara.”
Indirect: He said that he lived in Pindara.

Direct: She said, “I want a pen.”
Indirect: She said that she wanted a pen.

(b) Present Continuous Tense को Past Continuous Tense में बदलते हैं; जैसे-
Direct: She said, “I am going to Delhi.”
Indirect: She said that she was going to Delhi.

Direct: Mohan said, “Radha is writing a letter.”
Indirect: Mohan said that Radha was writing a letter.

(c) Present Perfect Tense को Past Perfect Tense में बदलते हैं; जैसे-

Direct: He said, “Ram has won the match.”
Indirect: He said that Ram had won the match.

Direct: The teacher said, “Radha has passed.”
Indirect: The teacher said that Radha had passed.

(a) Present Perfect Continuous Tense को Past Perfect Continuous Tense में बदलते हैं; जैसे –

Direct: Mohan said, “The gardener has been watering the plants for one hour.
Indirect: Mohan said that the gardener had been watering the plants for one hour.”

Direct: The mother said, “The baby has been sleeping for ten minutes.
Indirect: The mother said that the baby had been sleeping for ten minutes.”

(e) Past Indefinite Tense को Past Perfect Tense में बदलते हैं; जैसे –

Direct: He said, “The thief came into the house.”
Indirect: He said that the thief had come into the house.

Direct: He said, “I helped the poor man.”
Indirect: He said that he had helped the poor man.

(f) Past Continuous Tense को Past Perfect Continuous Tense में बदलते हैं; जैसे –
Direct: He said, “I was writing a letter.”
Indirect: He said that he had been writing a letter.

Direct: I said, “The child was sleeping.”
Indirect: I said that the child had been sleeping.

(g) Past Perfect Tense को Past Perfect Tense में ही रखते हैं; जैसे-

Direct: He said, “I had done my work.”
Indirect: He said that he had done his work.

Direct: Mohan said, “I had done my homework.”
Indirect: Mohan said that he had done his homework.

(h) भविष्य को दर्शाने वाले ‘shall’ तथा ‘will’ को ‘should’ तथा ‘would’ में बदलते हैं; जैसे –

Direct: He said, “I will go to Delhi.”
Indirect: He said that he would go to Delhi.

Direct: I said, “I shall write a letter.”
Indirect: I said that I should write a letter.

(i) can को could और may को might में बदलते हैं; जैसे-

Direct: He said, “Mohan can solve the sum.”
Indirect: He said that Mohan could solve the sum.

Direct: The teacher said, “Ram may come in.”
Indirect: The teacher said that Ram might come in.

Exercise 1

Change the form of narration of the following sentences:

1. Radha said, “Mohan is singing a song.”
2. Mohan said, “Radha sings sweetly.”
3. She says, “You will be a great man one day.”
4. Rahul said, “Pooja is writing a letter.”
5. Ravi said, “My brother came from Delhi.”
6. She said, “Ram had done his work.” ‘
7. Sheela said, “I can swim.”
8. Poonam said, “Sonam has been sleeping for one hour.”
9. Sanjay Dutt said, “Salman Khan has done a good role.”
10. Dimple said, “Rudali is my best picture.”
Answers:
1. Radha said that Mohan was singing a song.
2. Mohan said that Radha sang sweetly.
3. She says that you will be a great man one day.
4. Rahul said that Pooja was writing a letter.
5. Ravi said that his brother had come from Delhi.
6. She said that Ram had done his work.
7. Sheela said that she could swim.
8. Poonam said that Sonam had been sleeping for one hour.
9. Sanjay Dutt said that Salman Khan had done a good role.
10. Dimple said that Rudali was her best picture.

Tense बदलने के नियमों का सार:

Exception (अपवाद):
यदि Reported Speech में सार्वभौमिक सत्य या किसी सामान्य आदत का वर्णन हो तो इसके Verb में परिवर्तन नहीं होता, चाहे Reporting Verb Past Tense में ही क्यों न हो।

Direct: The teacher said,“ The sun rises in the east.”
Indirect: The teacher said that the sun rises in the east.

Direct: Radha said, “Mohan takes exercise daily.”
Indirect: Radha said that Mohan takes exercise daily.

Direct: Meena said, “Honesty is the best policy.”
Indirect: Meena said that honesty is the best policy.

Direct: The teacher said, “The earth is round.”
Indirect: The teacher said that the earth is round.

Exercise 2

Change the form of narration in the following sentences:
1. The Guru said, “God is everywhere.”
2. The teacher said, “Rain falls from the clouds.”
3. My father said, “Truth always wins.”
4. The police officer said, “Crime never pays.”
5. Ravi said, “My father reads newspaper daily.”
Answers:
1. The Guru said that God is everywhere.
2. The teacher said that rain falls from the clouds.
3. My father said that the truth always wins.
4. The police officer said that crime never pays.
5. Ravi said that his father reads newspaper daily.

Pronouns (सर्वनाम) बदलने के नियमों का सार –
1. Reported Speech के First person के pronouns (I, my, me, we, our, us) Reporting Verb के Subject के अनुसार बदलते हैं।
2. Reported Speech के Second Person के pronouns (you, your) Reporting Verb के Object के अनुसार बदलते हैं।
3. Reported Speech के Third person के pronouns (he, she, it, any name) आदि को नहीं बदलते।

Pronouns को बदलने की बात को याद रखने का सरल नियम।
1 2 3
SON
इसके अनुसार –
(a) 1′ अर्थात First Person के सर्वनाम आदि को ‘S’ अर्थात Reporting Verb के Subject के अनुसार बदलते हैं।
(b) 2′ अर्थात Second Person के सर्वनाम आदि को ‘0’ अर्थात Reporting Verb के Object के अनुसार बदलते हैं।
(c) 3′ अर्थात Third Person के सर्वनाम आदि को ‘N’ अर्थात नहीं बदलते (No change)।

निकटता प्रकट करने वाले शब्दों को बदलना –
Direct Speech को Indirect Speech में बदलते समय निकटता प्रकट करने वाले शब्दों को दूरी प्रकट करने वाले शब्दों में बदल दिया जाता है; जैसे-

Exercise 3

Change the narration in the following sentences:
1. Mohan said, “I will not go now.”
2. He said to me, “You can go now.”
3. Sohan said, “I shall go to Delhi today.”
4. He said, “Mohan will meet you tomorrow.”
5. Mohan said to me, “I lost my pen last night.”
6. Ram said, “These books are nice.”
7. Radha said, “My brother came here last week.”
8. I said to him, “You can take this book.”
9. Ratan said to me, “We shall go to Mumbai next week.”
10. My brother said, “I saw a film yesterday.”
Answers:
1. Mohan said that he would not go then.
2. He told me that I could go then.
3. Sohan said that he would go to Delhi that day.
4. He said that Mohan would meet you the next day.
5. Mohan told me that he had lost his pen the previous night.
6. Ram said that those books were nice.
7. Radha said that her brother had come there the previous week.
8. I told him that he could take that book.
9. Ratan told me that we should go to Mumbai next week.
10. My brother said that he had seen a film the previous day.

There are four Kinds of Sentences
वाक्य प्रायः चार प्रकार के होते हैं:
1. Assertive sentences या Simple statement.
2. Questions Or Interrogative sentences.
3. Imperative sentences.
4. Optative (इच्छासूचक) sentences and exclamatory (विस्मयसूचक) वाक्य।

I. Assertive Sentences.

Assertive Sentences (साधारण) वाक्यों का बदलना-
1.अगर Reporting Verb का Object न हो (अर्थात say आदि के पश्चात ‘to’ न हो) तो इसे नहीं बदला जाता।
2. अगर Reporting Verb का Object हो (अर्थात say आदि के पश्चात ‘to’ हो) तो says to तथा said to को tells या told में बदला जाता है।
3. Inverted Commas (“”) को हटा दिया जाता है।
4.Reporting Verb तथा Reported speech को अलग करने वाले Comma को हटाकर इसके स्थान पर ‘that’ लिखा जाता है।
5. Reported Speech के काल, निकटता प्रकट करने वाले शब्दों तथा सर्वनामों आदि को नियमानुसार बदला जाता है।
6. अगर Direct Narration के वाक्य में Reporting Verb का कोई Object न हो तो Reported Speech में आए Second Person के सर्वनामों आदि को प्रायः Third Person में बदल दिया जाता है।

Exercise 4

Change the following into Indirect Speech:
1. She said to her mother, “It is no longer safe to live here.”
2. The old man says to his son, “I need some money.”
3. The crow will say, “I cannot sing so well.”
4. Kiran said to me, “It is my doll.”
5. John said to me, “I hope to win this prize.”
6. I said to Anil, “You are not coming to school regularly.”
7. “Last week our school won a football match,” said Mohan to Leela.
8. The teacher says to the boys, “You can play now.”
9. Rahim said to his brother, “Fortune favours the brave.”
10. Rahul said to me, “I posted your letter.”
11. I said to him, “If you run, you can catch this bus.”
12. Father said to Gopal, “God is everywhere.”
Answers:
1. She told her mother that it was no longer safe to live there.
2. The old man tells his son that he needs some money.
3. The crow will say that it cannot sing so well.
4. Kiran told me that it was her doll.
5. John told me that he hoped to win that prize.
6. I told Anil that he was not coming to school regularly.
7. Mohan told Leela that the previous week their school had won a football match.
8. The teacher tells the boys that they can play then.
9. Rahim told his brother that fortune favours the brave.
10. Rahul told me that he had posted my letter.
11. I told him that if ne ran, he could catch that bus.
12. Father told Gopal that God is everywhere.

Exercise 5

Change the narration in the following sentences:
1. He said, “I do not like coffee.”
2. My teacher says to me, “You are a brilliant student.”
3. Radha said, “I will marry Krishan.”
4. The teacher said, “The sun sets in the west.”
5. My father says, “You can be a good player.”
6. Mohan said to me, “I met your brother yesterday.”
7. He said to me, “You may go to your village now.”
8. He said, “My brother is sleeping.”
9. They said, “The captain will not play the match.”
10. Ram said, “I have done my work.”
Answers:
1. He said that he did not like coffee.
2. My teacher tells me that I am a brilliant student.
3. Radha said that she would marry Krishan.
4. The teacher said that the sun sets in the west.
5. My father says that I can be a good player.
6. Mohan told me that he had met my brother the previous day.
7. He told me that I might go to my village then.
8. He said that his brother was sleeping. .
9. They said that the captain would not play the match.
10. Ram said that he had done his work.

II. Interrogative Sentences

Interrogative Sentences या Questions को Direct Speech से Indirect Speech में बदलने के नियम-
1. Reporting Verb ‘say’ को ‘ask’, ‘demand’, ‘enquire’ या ‘inquire’ आदि में बदला जाता है।

2. ‘Ask’ के बाद Reporting Verb के Object से पहले to’ का प्रयोग नहीं किया जाता। लेकिन ‘demand’, ‘enquire’ या inquire’ के बाद और Reporting Verb के Object से पहले ‘of’ का प्रयोग करते हैं।

3. यदि Direct Question किसी सहायक क्रिया (is, am, are, was, were, shall, should, will, would, can, could, may, might, do, does, did, have, has, had, must, ought; need, dare आदि) से आरंभ हो तो Indirect Question से पहले Conjunction के रूप में ‘if’ या ‘whether’ का प्रयोग होता है।

4. अगर Direct Question किसी Question Word (what, where, why, which, who, whom, how आदि) से आरंभ हो तो Indirect Question से पूर्व ‘if’ या ‘whether’ आदि किसी भी Conjunction का प्रयोग नहीं होता।

5. Direct Speech के Question को Statement (Assertive Sentence) में बदल दिया जाता है, अर्थात सहायक क्रियाओं का प्रयोग Subject के बाद किया जाता है और प्रश्नचिह्न (?) के स्थान पर full stop (.) का प्रयोग किया जाता है।

6. अगर Direct Question ‘do’, ‘does’ या ‘did’ से आरंभ हो तो Indirect Question में इनका प्रयोग नहीं करते। और do या does को हटाकर verb की Ist Form को verb की 2nd Form में बदल देते हैं तथा Did को हटाकर verb की Ist Form को had + verb की 3rd Form में बदल देते हैं।

7. Direct Speech के Inverted Commas तथा Reporting Verb और Reported Speech को अलग करने वाले Comma को हटा दिया जाता है।

8. Words showing Nearness, Tenses तथा Pronouns आदि नियमानुसार बदल दिए जाते हैं।

Exercises For Practice (Solved)

Exercise 6

Change the following sentences into indirect speech:
1. She said to me, “Are you going to Agra tomorrow?”
2. He said to me, “Can you meet me at the bus stand?”
3. I said to Mohini, “Will you dine with me tonight?”
4. The mother said, “What do you want, my children?”
5. The teacher said, “Boys, why are you making a noise?”
6. The lion said to the mouse, “Why were you jumping on me?”
7. The pupil said, “May I go out to take water, Sir?”
8. The boss said to the clerk, “Are you satisfied with your salary?”
9. She said to me, “Do you know Sushmita Sen?”
10. Mohan said to me, “Do you know that Sumit has won the prize?”
Answers:
1. She asked me whether I was going to Agra the next day.
2. He asked me if I could meet him at the bus stand.
3. I asked Mohini if she would dine with me that night.
4. The mother asked her children what they wanted.
5. The teacher asked the boys why they were making a noise.
6. The lion asked the mouse why it had been jumping on him.
7. The pupil asked the teacher respectfully if he might go out to take water.
8. The boss asked the clerk whether he was satisfied with his salary.
9. She asked me if I knew Sushmita Sen.
10. Mohan asked me if I knew that Sumit had won the prize.

Exercise 7

Change the following sentences into indirect speech:
1. “May I come with you?” said Rajiv to me.
2. Shyam said to Ashok, “Where do you live?”
3. The shopkeeper said to me, “Can I help you?”
4. He said to me, “Have you heard this story before?”
5. Anil said to me, “Why have you come here?”
6. I said to Amar, “Will you return my book tomorrow?”
7. The landlord said to Sohan, “Why haven’t you paid the rent?”
8. The teacher said to the boy, “Why are you roaming about?”
9. The little boy said, “May I sleep with you tonight, mother?”
10. I said to Radha, “Did you meet Vibha yesterday?”
Answers:
1. Rajiv asked me if he might come with me.
2. Shyam asked Ashok where he lived.
3. The shopkeeper asked nle if he could help me.
4. He asked me if I had heard that story before.
5. Anil asked me why I had come there.
6. I asked Amar if he would return my book the next day.
7. The landlord asked Sohan why he hadn’t paid the rent.
8. The teacher asked the boy why he was roaming about.
9. The little boy asked his mother if he might sleep with her that night.
10. I asked Radha whether she had met Vibha the previous day.

Exercise 8

Change the following sentences into indirect speech:
1. The policeman said to me, “Whom do you want to see?”
2. Radha said to Anuradha, “When will you give me your book?”
3. She said to him, “Why don’t you mend your ways?”
4. Mother said, “Who is knocking at the door, Sohan?”
5. The policeman said to me, “Did you see any man running in the street?”
6. I said to policeman, “Who stole my scooter?”
7. Ravi said to his guest, “What will you have?”
8. The beggar said to Ram Lai, “Can you give me something to eat?”
9. He said to me, “Did you promise to meet me yesterday?”
10. The captain said to the soldiers, “How will you cross this dangerous river?”
Answers:
1. The policeman asked me whom I wanted to see.
2. Radha asked Anuradha when she would give her her book.
3. She asked him why he didn’t mend his ways.
4. Mother asked Sohan who was knocking at the door.
5. The policeman asked me if I had seen any man running in the street.
6. I asked the policeman who had stolen my scooter.
7. Ravi asked his guest what he would have.
8. The beggar asked Ram Lai if he could give him something to eat.
9. He asked me if I had promised to meet him the previous day.
10. The captain asked the soldiers how they would cross that dangerous river.

III. Imperative Sentences

आज्ञासूचक वाक्यों को Direct से Indirect Speech में बदलने के लिए निम्नलिखित बातों को ध्यान में रखें
Rule 1.
Reporting Verb को भावों के अनुसार tell, ask, request, order, beg, command, forbid आदि में बदला जाता है।
1. उपदेश वाले वाक्यों में said to को advised में बदला जाता है।
2. आदेश वाले वाक्यों में said to को ordered में बदला जाता है।
3. प्रार्थना वाले वाक्यों में said to को requested में बदला जाता है।
4. याचना वाले वाक्यों में said to को begged में बदला जाता है।
5. साधारण Imperative वाक्यों में said to को asked में बदला जाता है।
6. नकारात्मक वाक्यों में said to को forbade में बदल दिया जाता है। याद रहे कि forbade के बाद ‘not’ का प्रयोग नहीं किया जाता।

Rule 2.
Comma को हटाकर उसके स्थान पर ‘to’ शब्द का प्रयोग किया जाता है। ‘to’ के बाद verb की पहली form का प्रयोग करते हैं।
7. ‘Let’ वाले वाक्यों का भावार्थ अगर ‘अनुमति’ हो तो ‘Let’ को ‘to let’ या ‘might be allowed to’ में बदला जाता है। ‘Let’ को ‘should’ में बदला जाता है।
8. ‘Let’ वाले वाक्यों का भावार्थ अगर ‘सुझाव’ या ‘प्रस्ताव’ हो तो Reporting Verb ‘say’ को Suggest to + Object या Propose to + object में बदला जाता है। तथा ‘Let’ को ‘should’ में बदलकर इसे subject के बाद लगाया जाता है।
9. ‘Let us’ वाले वाक्यों का भावार्थ अगर ‘सुझाव’ या ‘प्रस्ताव’ हो तो Reported Speech के ‘us’ को निम्नलिखित ढंग से बदला जाता है-
(a) अगर Reporting Verb का Subject या Object उत्तम पुरुष (First Person) हो तो ‘us’ को ‘we’ में बदला जाता है।
(b) अगर Reporting Verb का Subject या Object मध्यम पुरुष (Second Person) हो तो ‘us’ को ‘you’ में बदला जाता है।
(c) बाकी सभी अवस्थाओं में ‘us’ को ‘they’ में बदला जाता है।

Rule 3.
Reported Speech में यदि do not या never शब्द हों तो Inverted Commas को हटाकर not to या never to लगा दिया जाता है। परंतु जब said to को forbade में बदलें तो do not तथा never को हटाकर उनके स्थान पर केवल ‘to’ ङ्के शब्द का प्रयोग किया जाना चाहिए।

Exercise 9

Change into Indirect Speech:
1. I said to Anil, “Look at the map.”
2. He said to me, “Help the poor.”
3. The mother said to Sita, “Do not waste your time.”
4. Radha said to Reeta, “Do what I say.”
5. I said to my teacher, “Allow me to meet my uncle.”
6. “Work hard if you want to pass,” said the teacher.
7. Father said to his son, “Do not waste time.”
8. The beggar said to the traveller, “Give me some money, please.”
Answers:
1. I asked Anil to look at the map.
2. He advised me to help the poor.
3. The mother advised Sita not to waste her time.
4. Radha asked Reeta to do what she said.
5. I requested my teacher to allow me to meet my uncle.
6. The teacher advised the students to work hard if they wanted to pass.
7. Father advised his son not to waste time.
8. The beggar requested the traveller to give him some money.

Exercise 10

Change the following into Indirect Speech:
1. The Principal said to the peon, “Bring the file to me.”
2. The Headmaster said to the peon, “Ring the bell.”
3. I said to him, “Please don’t smoke here.”
4. She said to the servant, “Open the door.”
5. He said to his son, “Never tell a lie.”
6. The captain said to the soldiers, “Fire at the enemy.”
7. Ram said to Mohan, “Listen to what I say.”
8. The manager said to the servant, “Go and post this letter.”
9. The teacher said to the students, “Work regularly.”
10. Mother said to her son, “Do what you are told. ”
11. The captain said to the soliders, “March forward and take your positions.”
12. Harindra said to me, “Please help me in this matter.”
13. She said to her son, “Do not play with bad boys.”
14. Ram said to me, “Please lend me five rupees.”
15. Krishan said to Radha, “Give me some milk.”
Answers:
1. The Principal ordered the peon to bring that file to him.
2. The Headmaster ordered the peon to ring the bell.
3. I requested him not to smoke there.
4. She ordered the servant to open the door.
5. He advised his son never to tell a lie.
6. The captain ordered the soldiers to fire at the enemy.
7. Ram asked Mohan to listen to what he said.
8. The manager ordered the servant to go and post that letter.
9. The teacher advised the students to work regularly.
10. Mother ordered her son to do what he was told.
11. The captain ordered the soldiers to march forward and take their positions.
12. Harindra requested me to help him in that matter.
13. She advised her son not to play with bad boys.
14. Ram requested me to lend him five rupees.
15. Krishan asked Radha to give him some milk.

Exercise 11

Change the form of narration in the following sentences:
1. I said to him, “Let us play in the garden. ”
2. Mohan said to me, “Let us take tea.”
3. I said to him, “Please let me come in.”
4. I said to him, “Let the child sleep.”
5. She said to Mohan, “Let us go home.”
Answers:
1. I proposed to him that we should play in the garden.
2. Mohan proposed to me to take tea.
3. I requested him to let me come in.
4. I asked him to let the child sleep.
5. She proposed to Mohan that they should go home.

IV. Exclamatory Sentences

Exercise 12

Change the following into Indirect Speech:
1. Sita said, “Hurrah ! I have topped the class.”
2. My brother said, “Alas ! My new pen has lost.”
3. The commander said to the soldiers, “Bravo ! March-forward.”
4. She said to me, “Thank you !”
5. I said to my friend, “Congratulations !”
6. He said, “What a nice picture !”
7. I said, “What a high six !”
8. He said to me, “Welcome !”
9. Anil said, “How foolishly you acted !”
10. I said to Mohan, “What a powerful shot it is !”
Answers:
1. Sita exclaimed with joy that she had topped the class. .
2. My brother exclaimed with sorrow that his new pen had lost.
3. The commander applauded the soldiers saying to march-forward.
4. She thanked me.
5. I congratulated my friend.
6. He said that it was a very nice picture.
7. I exclaimed with wonder that it was a very high sixer.
8. He welcomed me.
9. Anil regretted that he had acted very foolishly.
10. I told Mohan exclaiming with wonder that it was a very powerful shot.

V. Opetative Sentences

Haryana State Board HBSE 9th Class English Solutions Grammar Change of Voice Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 9th Class English Grammar Change of Voice

अंग्रेजी में Voices दो प्रकार के होते हैं :
1. Active Voice : जब वाक्य का कर्ता (Subject) कार्य करता है तो उस वाक्य का verb (क्रिया) Active Voice में होता है।
2.Passive Voice: जब वाक्य का कर्ता (Subject) कार्य नहीं करता, बल्कि उस(कत्ता) पर कार्य किया जाता है तो उस वाक्य का verb (क्रिया) Passive Voice में होता है। वाक्यों में subject (कत्ता) की बजाए object (कम) पर अधिक महत्त्व दिया जाता है।

Example:
Active : Mohan wrote a letter. (मोहन ने एक पत्र लिखा।)
Passive : A letter was written by Mohan. (मोहन द्वारा एक पत्र लिखा गया।)

उपर्युक्त दोनों वाक्यों का अर्थ वास्तव में एक ही है। मगर पहले वाक्य में subject (Mohan) कार्य करने वाला है अर्थात् पत्र को लिखा। मगर दूसरे वाक्य में subject ने कोई कार्य नहीं किया बल्कि कार्य उस पर किया गया अर्थात् पत्र को लिखा गया। दूसरे शब्दों में, हमने अब पहले वाक्य के object को subject बनाकर उसको अधिक महत्त्व दिया है। इसलिए पहला वाक्य Active Voice का है और दूसरा वाक्य Passive Voice का है।

Active Doice से Passive Doite बनाने के सामान्य नियम :
Active Voice से Passive Voice बनाने के लिए वाक्य में नीचे लिखे चार मुख्य परिवर्तन किए जाते हैं-
1. Subject को Object में बदल देते हैं और Object को Subject में।
2. Verb ‘be’ के किसी रूप (is, am, are, was, were, being. been) का प्रयोग करते हैं और साथ में मुख्य verb की IIIrd form का प्रयोग होता है।
3. Subject को Object बनाने पर इससे पहले “by” preposition का प्रयोग करते हैं।

नोट – कभी कभी ‘by’ के स्थान पर किसी अन्य Preposition जैसे with, in, to, at, in आदि का भी प्रयोग किया जा सकता है।
4. अगर वाक्य में दो Object हों तो उनमें से किसी को भी Subject बनाया जा सकता है। पहले Subject और Object के आपसी परिवर्तन और verb “be” के रूपों का अध्ययन अच्छी प्रकार कर लें।

Subject और Object के आपसी परिवर्तन और 3 का प्रयोग :
1. अगर subject कोई सर्वनाम (Pronoun) है, तो उसे objective case में बदल देना चाहिए; जैसे-
1 को me में बदलते हैं।
We को us में बदलते हैं।
You को you ही रहने देते हैं।
He को him में बदलते हैं।
She को her में बदलते हैं।
It को it ही रहने देते हैं।
They को them में बदलते हैं।

नोट:
(a) Noun दोनों अवस्थाओं अर्थात् subject और object में एक-जैसा रहता है; जैसे Mohan को by Mohan में बदल देंगे।
(b) Object को Subject में बदलने के लिए उपयुक्त नियमों को उलट दीजिए; जैसे me का । बन जाएगा और us का we आदि।

2. My आदि pronouns का रूप objective case में नहीं बदला जाता; जैसे My friend, our mother, his father का by my friend, by our mother, by his father आदि ही बनता है।

नोट – किसी tense को passive में बदलने के लिए क्या नियम लागू होते हैं। यह आगे विस्तार से समझाया गया है। विद्यार्थी tense को बदलने के सब नियमों को संक्षेप में जानने के लिए आगे दी गई Table (तालिका) का अध्ययन करें।

Change Of Tense From Active To Passive Voice :

Note : The sentences of Present Perfect Continuous tense, Past Perfect Continuous Tense, Future Continuous tense and the Future Perfect Continuous Tense cannot be changed into Passive voice.

Assertive Sentences

I. Present Indefinite Tense

नियम : Present Indefinite Tense वाक्यों को Passive Voice से Active Voice में बदलने के लिए is,am,are तथा verb की IIIrd form का प्रयोग होता है।

Exercise 1

Change the following into passive voice :
1. He teaches English.
2. I take exercise.
3. The cat kills a rat.
4. Sonia sings a song.
5. The writer writes a story.
6. A cow eats grass.
7. Renu does not eat apples.
8. He drives a car.
9. The peon rings the bell.
10. I see a picture.
Answers :
1. English is taught by him.
2. Exercise is taken by me.
3. A rat is killed by the cat.
4. A song is sung by Sonia.
5. A story is written by the writer.
6. Grass is eaten by a cow.
7. Apples are not eaten by Renu.
8. A car is driven by him.
9. The bell is rung by the peon.
10. A picture is seen by me.

Exercise 2 (For Practice)

Change the following into passive voice :

1. Ram Lai helps the poor boy.
2. We decorate the house.
3. He respects his teachers.
4. The workers build a house.
5. Sita washes clothes.
6. The watchman watches my houses.
7. I do not see films.
8. Mohan buys a book.
9. He does not hear me.
10. We finish pur work.

II. Present Continuous Tense

नियम : Present Continuous Tense के वाक्यों को Active Voice से Passive Voice में बदलने के लिए is,am,are + being तथा verb की IIIrd form का प्रयोग होता है।

Exercise 3

Change the following into passive voice :

1. Amit is celebrating his birthday.
2. The boys are decorating the hall.
3. He is hanging balloons.
4. She is cutting the cake.
5. People are congratulating her.
6. Sohan is reading a book.
7. They are washing clothes.
8. He is building a house.
9. He is teaching his younger brother.
10. Ram is cleaning the table.
Answers :
1. His birthday is being celebrated by Amit.
2. The hall is being decorated by the boys,
3. Balloons are being hung by him.
4. The cake is being cut by her.
5. She is being congratulated by people.
6. A book is being read by Sohan.
7. Clothes are being washed by them.
8. A house is being built by him.
9. His younger brother is being taught by him.
10. The table is being cleaned by Ram.

Exercise 4 (For Practice)

Change the following into passive voice :

1. You are wasting your time.
2. Mohan is making a chair.
3. She is playing badminton.
4. My father is writing a book.
5. The peon is ringing the bell.
6. The teacher is writing the answer.
7. A magician is showing a trick.
8. Sudhir is beating his brother.
9. The servant is fanning the master.
10. He is watching a film.

III. Present Perfect Tense

नियम : Present Perfect Tense के वाक्यों को Passive Voice में बदलने के लिए has been या have been तथा verb की IIIrd form का प्रयोग करते हैं।

Exercise 5

Change the following into passive voice :
1. He has cut the cake.
2. He has decorated the hall.
3. People have congratulated him.
4. He has shown a trick.
5. Ram has painted a picture.
6. He has read a book.
7. They have washed the clothes.
8. He has built a house.
9. He has taught his brother.
10. Ram has cleaned the table.
Answers :
1. The cake has been cut by him.
2. The hall has been decorated by him.
3. He has been congratulated by the people.
4. A trick has been shown by him.
5. A picture has been painted by him.
6. A book has been read by him.
7. The clothes have been washed by them.
8. A house has been built by him.
9. His brother has been taught by him.
10. The table has been cleaned by Ram.

Exercise 6 (For Practice)

Change the following into passive voice:
1. You have played a trick.
2. We have missed the bus.
3. She has lost her ornaments.
4. You have told a lie.
5. We have learnt our lesson.
6. Sachin has made a century.
7. I have written a book.
8. The carpenter has made the cot.
9. Leela has won a prize.
10. They have honoured you.

IV. Present Perfect Continuous

नियम : इस Tense वाले वाक्यों को Passive Voice में नहीं बदला जा सकता।

V. Past Indefinite Tense

नियम : Past Indefinite Tense के Active Voice वाले वाक्यों को Passive Voice में बदलने के लिए was/were और verb की IIIrd form का प्रयोग किया जाता है।

Exercise 7

Change the following into passive voice:

1. They crossed the river.
2. Mohit did not take tea.
3. Ram killed Ravan.
4. Reema painted the picture.
5. Suman wrote the essay.
6. He took his meal.
1. Anuradha drank coffee.
8. They posted the letter.
9. The robber robbed the traveller.
10. The traveller hid some money.
Answers :
1. The river was crossed by them.
2. Tea was not taken by Mohit.
3. Ravan was killed by Ram.
4. The picture was painted by Reema.
5. The essay was written by Suman.
6. His meal was taken by him.
7. Coffee was drunk by Anuradha.
8. The letter was posted by them.
9. The traveller was robbed by the robber.
10. Some money was hidden by the traveller.

Exercise 8 (For Practice)

Change the following into passive voice :

1. I cleaned my shoes.
2. He did not sell good milk.
3. They honoured the poet.
4. He taught me English.
5. We made a plan.
6. The teacher taught this lesson.
7. Girls sang a song.
8. I did not apply brakes.
9. We brought it for you.
10. He killed a snake.

VI. Past Continuous Tense

नियम : इस Tense को Passive Voice में बदलने के लिए was/were + being और verb की IIIrd form का प्रयोग किया जाता है।

Exercise 9

Change the following into passive voice :

1. The worker was repairing the road.
2. She was washing the pots.
3. Sita was cutting the cake.
4. They were crossing the road.
5. Mohan was helping me.
6. He was shooting an arrow.
7. The children were making a noise.
8. He was watering the plants.
9. The child was solving the sum.
10. They were breaking the glasses.
Answers :
1. The road was being repaired by the worker.
2. The pots were being washed by her.
3. The cake was being cut by Sita.
4. The road was being crossed by them.
5. I was being helped by Mohan.
6. An arrow was being shot by him.
7. A noise was being made by the children.
8. The plants were being watered by him.
9. The sum was being solved by the child.
10. The glasses were being broken by them.

Exercise 10 (For Practice)

Change the following into passive voice :

1. We were making arrangements.
2. He was taking the test.
3. Sangeeta was typing a letter.
4. Namita was making a new dress.
5. We were discussing the topic.
6. They were catching the fish.
7. The inspector was checking the tickets.
8. It was watching everything.
9. They were drinking coffee.
10. The boys were watching the magic show.

VII. Past Perfect Tense

नियम : इस Tense के वाक्यों को Passive Voice में बदलने के लिए had been और verb की IIIrd form का प्रयोग किया जाता है।

Exercise 11

Change the following into passive voice :
1. He had built a house.
2. They had cleaned the house.
3. She had seen the film.
4. Gagan had painted a picture.
5. You had done your work.
6. He had finished the story.
7. The police had caught the thief.
8. Rohan had killed the snake.
9. She had drunk coffee.
10. Lalit had solved the sum.
Answers :
1. A house had been built by him.
2. The house had been cleaned by them.
3. The film had been seen by her.
4. A picture had been painted by Gagan.
5. Your work had been done by you.
6. The story had been finished by him.
7. The thief had been caught by the police.
8. The snake had been killed by Rohan.
9. Coffee had been drunk by her.
10. The sum had been solved by Lalit.

Exercise 12 (For Practice)

Change the following into passive voice :
1. He had written a letter.
2. He had lost his book.
3. She had written the letter.
4. Mukesh had not spoken the truth.
5. Raj Kapoor had helped me.
6. Rohan has never seen a lion.
7. Neeraj had done his work.
8. Sita had made a frock.
9. You, had done your work.
10. He had finished the story.

VIII. Past Perfect Continuous Tense

नियम : इस Tense वाले वाक्यों को Passive Voice में नहीं बदला जा सकता।

IX. Future Indefinite Tense

नियम : इस Tense के वाक्यों को Passive Voice में बदलने के लिए will/shall + “be’ तथा verb की IIIrd form का प्रयोग किया जाता है।

Exercise 13

Change the following into passive voice :
1. I shall help Preeti.
2. The teacher will punish the naughty student.
3. The carpenter will make a bed.
4. The washerman will wash the clothes.
5. Arun will not take tea.
6. They will admire Sridevi.
7. He will bring good news.
8. I shall buy a new pen.
9. Bharti will beat Vikas.
10. They will not play the match.
Answers :
1. Preeti will be helped by me.
2. The naughty student will be punished by the teacher.
3. A bed will be made by the carpenter.
4. The clothes will be washed by the washerman.
5. Tea will not be taken by Arun.
6. Sridevi will be admired by them.
7. Good news will be brought by him.
8. A new pen will be bought by me.
9. Vikas will be beaten by Bharti.
10. The match will not be played by them.

Exercise 14 (For Practice)

Change the following into passive voice :

1. Arti will help Vikas.
2. He will not play the match.
3. The carpenter will make a table.
4. She will wash the clothes.
5. Mohan will not take tea.
6. You will admire him.
7. He will bring books.
8. I shall buy a new watch.
9. I shall help Mohan.
10. The teacher will teach the lesson.

X. Future Continuous Tense

नियम : इस Tense वाले वाक्यों को Passive Voice में नहीं बदला जा सकता।

XI. Future Perfect Tense

नियम : इस Tense वाले वाक्यों को Passive Voice में बदलने के लिए will/shall + have been तथा verb की IIIrd form का प्रयोग किया जाता है।

Exercise 15

Change the following into the Passive Voice:
1. The gardener will have watered the plants.
2. They will have met the officer.
3. Sita will have written the essay.
4. The umpire will have cancelled the match.
5. I shall have finished the work by evening.
6. They will have played the match.
7. She will have found the way.
8. Mohan will have told the story.
9. Gavaskar will have hit a four.
10. Kapil will have broken the world record.
Answers :
1. The plants will have been watered by the gardener.
2. The officer will have been met by them.
3. The essay will have been written by Sita.
4. The match will have been cancelled by the umpire.
5. The work will have been finished by me by the evening.
6. The match will have been played by them.
7. The way will have been found by her.
8. The story will have been told by Mohan.
9. A four will have been hit by Gavaskar.
10. The world record will have been broken by Kapil.

Exercise 16 (For Practice)

Change the following into passive voice:
1. Kamal will have helped him.
2. Ram will have said his prayer.
3. She will have received the letter.
4. You will not have bought the new house.
5. Radha will have finished her work.
6. He will have finished the work by 6 p.m.
7. They will have played the match.
8. She will have solved the sum.
9. He will have written the story.
10. Gavaskar will have hit a six.

XII. Future Perfect Continuous Tense

नियम : इस Tense वाले वाक्यों को Passive Voice में नहीं बदला जा सकता।

XIII. Auxiliary Verbs

नियम : can, could, must, may, might, should आदि वाले वाक्यों को Passive Voice में बदलने के लिए can be, must be, may be, might be, should be आदि तथा verb की IIIrd form का प्रयोग किया जाता है।

Exercise 17

Change the following into the passive voice:
1. You ought to respect your elders.
2. You must complete your work.
3. I could meet the officer.
4. He could cross the river.
5. I can read this letter.
6. Kavita might win the prize.
7. You may take my book.
8. You can finish your work.
9. You must write an essay.
10. We should do our duty.
Answers:
1. Your elders ought to be respected by you.
2. Your work must be completed by you.
3. The officer could be met by me.
4. The river could be crossed by him.
5. This letter can be read by me.
6. The prize might be won by Kavita.
7. My book may be taken by you.
8. Your work can be finished by you.
9. An essay must be written by you.
10. Our duty should be done by us.

XIV. Interrogative Sentences

नियम :
(a) Interrogative वाक्यों में Helping Verb को Subject से पहले प्रयोग किया जाता है।
(b) Do तथा Does आदि (Helping Verbs) के स्थान पर is, am या are का प्रयोग होता है और did के स्थान पर was या were का। Passive Voice में do, does तथा did को हटा देते हैं।
(c) When, why यदि प्रश्नवाचक शब्दों वाले Interrogative Sentences में प्रश्नवाचक शब्दों का स्थान नहीं बदलता और Helping Verb का प्रयोग Subject से पूर्व होता है।
(d) Who वाले वाक्य को Passive Voice में By whom से आरंभ करते हैं।
(e) Whom को Passive Voice में Who में बदल देते हैं।

Exercise 18

Change the following into the passive voice :
1. Do you like sweets?
2. Does she help the poor?
3. Will you read the news?
4. When did he buy the book?
5. Can you lift this box?
6. May I take your dictionary?
7. Do they water the plants?
8. Do they guard the garden?
9. Who stole the pen?
10. Why did you meet him?
Answer:
1. Are sweets liked by you?
2. Are the poor helped by her?
3. Will the news be read by you?
4. When was the book bought by him?
5. Can this box be lifted by you?
6. May your dictionary be taken by me?
7. Are the plants watered by them?
8. Is the garden guarded by them?
9. By whom was the pen stolen?
10. Why was he met by you?

XV. Verbs Having Two Objects

(दो कर्मों वाली क्रियाएँ) नियम : कुछ वाक्यों में दो Objects (कर्म) होते हैं। ऐसे वाक्यों को Passive Voice बनाते समय दोनों में से किसी भी एक Object को Subject बना सकते हैं; जैसे-
He gave me a pen.

इस वाक्य में दो Objects हैं एक ‘me’ और दूसरा ‘a pen’ हम Passive Voice बनाते समय इनमें से किसी एक को Subject बना सकते हैं।
उदाहरण के लिए-
1. I was given a pen by him.
2. A pen was given to me by him.
नोट – यदि verb के तुरंत बाद वाले Object को subject बनाएँ तो गलती का भय नहीं रहता।

Exercise 19

Change the following into the passive voice
1. He wrote me a letter.
2. He bought his son a pen.
3. He gave me a book.
4. Mohan gave her a ring.
5. She sent me a present.
6. He brought me good news.
7. Radha told me a story.
8. She showed me a picture.
9. He paid me ten rupees.
10. The judge gave him punishment.
Answers:
1. I was written a letter by him.
2. A pen was bought for his son by him.
3. I was given a book by him.
4. She was given a ring by Mohan.
5. I was sent a present by her.
6. I was brought good news by him.
7. I was told a story by Radha.
8. I was shown a picture by her.
9. I was paid ten rupees by him.
10. He was given punishment by the judge.

XVI. Imperative Sentences

(आदेशात्मक वाक्य) नियम : ऐसे वाक्यों को Passive Voice बनाते समय निम्नलिखित बातों का ध्यान रखें :
(a) इनमें let, be और क्रिया की IIIrd form का प्रयोग करते हैं; जैसे
Active : Open the door.
Passive : Let the door be opened.

(b) वाक्य के भाव के अनुसार You are requested to, you are advised to आदि का प्रयोग कर सकते हैं। मगर तब Let का प्रयोग नहीं करते।

Exercise 20

Change the following into the passive voice :
1. Post this letter.
2. Please, come in.
3. Lift that table.
4. Write an essay.
5. Answer any four questions.
6. Work hard for success.
7. Help the poor.
8. Don’t hate the poor.
9. Don’t stay here.
10. Cross the river at once.
ANSWERS:
1. Let this letter be posted.
2. You are requested to come in.
3. Let that table be lifted.
4. Let an essay be written.
5. Let any four questions be answered.
6. You are advised to work hard for success.
7. Let the poor be helped.
8. Let the poor not be hated.
9. You are forbade to stay here.
10. Let the river be crossed at once.

Exercise 21 (For Practice)

Change the Voice :
1. Never tell a lie. .
2. Obey your teachers.
3. Enter by the left door.
4. Please help me.
5. Always respect your elders.
6. Let him teach her.
7. Don’t pluck flowers.
8. Do it at once.
9. Sit down, please.
10. Post this letter.

XVII. Preposition Other Than “By”

नियम : कुछ verbs के बाद ‘by’ नाम की preposition नहीं लगती। ऐसे verbs वाले वाक्यों के passive voice में verb की IIIrd form के स्थान पर कोई अन्य उचित preposition लगती है; जैसे with, to, at, in आदि।

Exercise 22

Change the following into passive voice:
1. This book contains pictures.
2. Mohan’s progress satisfied me.
3. My work pleased him.
4. His failure surprised his father.
5. The news amazed us.
6. His death shocked us.
7. I know him.
8. The arrangement satisfied the officer.
9. The magic show amused the children.
10. The game interested me.
Answers :
1. Pictures are contained in this book.
2. I was satisfied with Mohan’s progress.
3. He was pleased with my work.
4. His father was surprised at his failure.
5. We were amazed at the news.
6. We were shocked at his death.
7. He is known to me.
8. The officer was satisfied with the arrangement.
9. The children were amused with the magic show.
10. I was interested in the game.

XVIII. Prepositional Verbs

नियम : अगर active voice में verb के साथ preposition लगी हो तो passive voice में उसे अलग नहीं करते।

Exercise 23

Change the following into the passive voice :
1. He was looking at the picture.
2. He shouted at his servant.
3. I listened to the lecture.
4. The hunter aimed at the bird.
5. They sent for the doctor.
6. My friend called on me.
7. I was waiting for Kavita.
8. The boys laughed at the poor man.
9. The wind blew off his hat.
10. He brought up the poor child.

Haryana State Board HBSE 9th Class English Solutions Grammar Articles Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 9th Class English Grammar Articles

Articles :
The demonstrative adjectives a, an and the have been given the collective name ‘Articles’. These are divided into two categories :
(a) The Definite Article : The
(b) The Indefinite Article : A or an

The Definite Article:

Uses of the Definite Article
(a) ‘The’ is used before a noun which has become definite as it has been mentioned a second time. When it is introduced the first time, it takes ‘a/an’.
(‘The’ का प्रयोग ऐसी संज्ञा से पहले किया जाता है जो दोबारा जिक्र करने के कारण विशेष हो जाती है। जब इसका जिक्र पहली बार करते हैं तो इसके साथ a / a n लगाते हैं।)
A man is going on a road. The man has a bag.
The bag contains clothes. The road goes to Kamal.

(b) It is used before nouns of which there is only one, or which are considered as one:
(ऐसी संज्ञाओं के साथ जो केवल एक ही हैं या एक ही माने जाते हैं।)
The earth, the sky, the weather, the North Pole

(c) It is also used with a noun of which there is only one example in some given situation.
(ऐसी संज्ञा के साथ जिसका किसी विशेष हालत में केवल एक ही उदाहरण है।)
The Principal is on leave.
Has the postman come yet ?

(d) The definite article is placed before the superlative degree of adjectives.
(विशेषण के तीसरे दर्जे से पहले ‘The’ लगाते हैं।)
He is the best teacher I have known.
She is the most intelligent girl in the class.

(e) When the nouns like English, Russian, French, and Greek mean language’ no article is placed before them. But when they stand for People (Nations), they are preceded by the definite article :
(ऐसी संज्ञाएँ जैसे कि English, Russian, French, Greek आदि के साथ अगर article न लगा तो उनका अर्थ है वह भाषा। लेकिन इनसे पहले ‘The’ लगाने से उनका अर्थ लोग या राष्ट्र हो जाता है।)

The English ruled India for a long time. They introduced English as a medium of education in India.

(f) The nouns like hospital, school, college, church, temple, prison, cinema, bed, table, market, office, etc. denote their primary function if no article is placed before them. The use of the’ before them makes them definite and particular.

(इस प्रकार की संज्ञाएँ जैसे कि हस्पताल, स्कूल, कॉलेज, गिरजाघर, जेल, सिनेमा, बिस्तर, मेज, बाजार, दफतर आदि से पहले अगर कोई article न हो तो उनका प्राथमिक कार्य स्पष्ट होता है। उनसे पहले ‘The’ लगाने से वह विशेष हो जाते हैं।)
He met with an accident and was taken to hospital.
When I came to know of it, I went to the hospital to meet him.

(g) It is used before singular nouns to represent a class of things.
(इसका प्रयोग एकवचन संज्ञाओं के साथ चीजों के वर्ग को बताने के लिए होता है।)
The donkey is lazy (All donkeys are lazy).

(h) It is used before an adjective to represent a class of things.
(इसका प्रयोग तब भी होता है जब किसी विशेषण द्वारा पूरे वर्ग को बताया जाए।)
The rich should not exploit the poor.
Today a gap exists between the old and the young.

(i) ‘The’ is used when we refer to a particular thing or a person.
(‘The’ का प्रयोग तब होता है जब हम विशेष वस्तु या व्यक्ति का जिक्र करें।)
In that group, the boy in red shirt is my son.

(j) The definite article is used before ‘first/second’, etc. and ‘only’.
(‘प्रथम द्वितीय’ आदि तथा ‘केवल’ से पहले ‘The’ का प्रयोग करते हैं।)
He was the first man to reach the party. Sunita was the second guest. In fact, she was the only lady present there.

(k) Before the plural names of countries.
(उन देशों के साथ जिनके नाम बहुवचन में हैं।)
The United States of America, The West Indies.

(l) Before Special meals; as (विशेष भोजनों के साथ।)
I take dinner at 9.00 p.m. (usual dinner)
but Are you attending the dinner being given by Mohan ?

(m) Article the is used before the names of the following nouns:
Mountain ranges : The Himalayas, the Alps. the Pyrenees etc.
Rivers : The Ganga, The Brahamputra, the Thames, etc.
Oceans : The Indián Ocean, the Pacific, the Antractic, etc.
Islands : The Andamans, The West Indies etc.
Holy Books : The Geeta, The Quran, The Bible etc.
Newspapers : The Indian Express, The Times of India. etc.
Magazines : The Reader’s Digest. The Competition Master. etc.
Historical Buildings : The Parliament. The White House. etc.
Historical Events : The First Battle of Panipat. The First/Second World War.
Trains, Ships. Planes : The Shatabadi Express, The Vikrant. The Ashoka. etc.

The Indefinite Article:

Form
The form of the Indefinite article is a or an. The form ‘a’ is used before a word beginning with a consonant. It is also used with a word beginning with a vowel which sounds like a consonant:
a pen, a table, a boy
also : a university, a European, a useful thing.

The form ‘an’ is used before words beginning with a vowel (a, e, i. o, u) or words beginning with a mute ‘h’.
an owl, an elephant, an apple, an hour, an honourable man.

Uses of the Indefinite Article
(a) It is used before a singular noun which is countable, when it is mentioned for the first time.
(इसका प्रयोग ऐसी एकवचन संज्ञा के साथ होता है जो गिनी जा सके और जब इसका जिक्र पहली बार हो।)
I see a bird on that tree.
A house has a roof.

(b) Before a singular countable noun which is used as an example of the class of things or species.
(ऐसी एकवचन गिनी जा सकने योग्य संज्ञा के साथ, जो चीजों के वर्ग या जाति का उदाहरण हो।)
A horse is an animal. A cow has homs.
A pine tree grows very tall.

(c) In the numerical sense of the word ‘one’
(‘एक’ शब्द के गणनात्मक भाव के रूप में।)
He gave me a gift.
Not a word was spoken.

(d) In expressions of price, speed, etc. ‘alan’ are used in the sense of ‘per’.
(‘a/an’ का प्रयोग कीमत, गति आदि के लिए “प्रति” के अर्थ के रूप में किया जाता है।)
Milk sells eight rupees a kilo.
He drives at forty miles an hour.

(e) The names of professions and occupations take the indefinite article:
(व्यवसायों या धन्धों के नामों के साथ हम Indefinite article लगाते हैं।)
My father is a doctor.
He grew up to be a politician.

(f) Sometimes ‘a’ can be used before Mr./Mrs./Miss + surname. Then it means a man/woman/girl of that name:
(कई बार ‘a’ का प्रयोग श्री/श्रीमती कुमारी के नाम के पहले लगता है। तब इसका अर्थ है कि उस नाम का कोई आदमी, औरत, लड़की आदि।)
Mr. Mehta came to see you when you were away.
(This sentence means : “Aman called Mr. Mehta came …..”)

(g) Use of ‘a’ before few and little :

(i) a few and a little mean a small number or a small amount (‘few stands for number and little for amount).
(a few और alittle का अर्थ है कुछ संख्या या कुछ मात्रा। few का अर्थ संख्या और little का अर्थ मात्रा से होता है।)

(ii) ‘few’ and ‘little without article have an almost negative meaning.
(बिना article के few और little का अर्थ लगभग नकारात्मक होता है।)

I am thirsty but I am afraid there is little water in the pitcher.
But there is a little water in the fridge.
The college reopened today but there were few students in the classes. A few senior students came to the college but remained away from the classes.

(h) To attribute the qualities of a man (usually someone famous) to another person.
(किसी प्रसिद्ध व्यक्ति के गुणों का जिक्र किसी अन्य व्यक्ति के नाम के साथ करने के लिए।)

He is a Shakespeare (He is a genius like Shakespeare).

Omission of Articles :

Articles are not used in the following cases :
(Articles का प्रयोग निम्नलिखित हालातों में नहीं किया जाता।)

(a) No article is placed before abstract nouns when they are used in a general sense.
(जिस भाववाचक संज्ञा का प्रयोग सामान्य रूप से किया जाता है तो उसके साथ article नहीं लगता।)
Honesty is the best policy.
Happiness is what everyone longs for.

But abstract nouns take “the” before them when they are used in the particular sense.
(मगर-जब भाववाचक संज्ञा का प्रयोग विशेष रूप से होता है तो उसके साथ ‘The’ लगता है।)

We must work for the happiness of all sections of society.

(b) The article is omitted before ‘man’ and ‘woman’ when they are used in a general sense.
(जब man या woman का प्रयोग सामान्य रूप से हो तो उनके साथ article नहीं लगता।)
Man is mortal.
Woman is considered weaker than man.

(c) The article ‘the’ is omitted before the names of meals when used in a general sense. But we use ‘the’ when a specific meal is mentioned.
(सामान्य रूप से प्रयोग किए जाने पर भोजनों के नाम से पहले हम ‘the’ नहीं लगाते। मगर जब भोजन का जिक्र विशेष रूप से हो तो ‘the’ का प्रयोग करते हैं।)
He invited me to dinner. We take breakfast at 8 a.m.
The lunch given by him was fine.

(d) Collective nouns such as humanity, labour, mankind, posterity, society, don’t usually take an article.
(सामूहिक संज्ञाओं के साथ आमतौर पर article नहीं लगाते।)
Society must take care of its old persons.
Mother Teresa has devoted her life to the welfare of humanity.

(e) Articles are not used before proper nouns :
(व्यक्तिवाचक संज्ञा से पहले articles नहीं लगाते।)
Shakespeare was a genius.
Mumbai is a metropolitan city.

(f) No article is placed before the names of metals, materials and games when used in a general sense. But when they are used specifically, the is placed before them.
(सामान्य रूप से प्रयोग किए जाने पर धातुओं, पदार्थों तथा खेलों के नाम से पहले article नहीं लगाते। मगर जब वे विशेष रूप से प्रयोग किए जाएँ तो ‘the’ उनसे पहले लगता है।)

Gold is a costly metal. Many people in India play cricket
The Gold found in Kolar mines is of superior quality.

(g) Articles are not used in certain phrases consisting of a preposition followed by its object :
(उन निश्चित वाक्यांशों में जहाँ preposition का प्रयोग कर्म के साथ किया हो तो articles का प्रयोग नहीं होता।)
at home, in hand, in debt, by day/night, on demand, at sunset/night, on earth, by land/water/air, on foot etc.
You must finish the work in hand.
He started the journey at day break.

Exercises For Practice

Exercise 1

Fill in the blank spaces in the following sentences with the word given in brackets at the end, using either the plain noun, or the noun preceded by the (whichever you think is correct).

1. The box was made of …………… wood.
2. Some coins are made of silver and some of copper.
3 . …………… Water in that stream is not suitable for drinking. .
4 . …………… Gold is found in Australia and South Africa.
5……………. meat that we had for dinner was tough.
6. In Britain more people drink …………… tea than …………… coffee.
7. When do you have breakfast?
8. There is fish for …………… (dinner) today.
9. Are you attending …………… dinner tonight ?
10. …………… oranges are grown in Nagpur.
Answers :
1. The box was made of wood.
2. Some coins are made of silver and some of copper.
3 . The Water in that stream is not suitable for drinking.
4 . Gold is found in Australia and South Africa.
5. The meat that we had for dinner was tough.
6. In Britain more people drink tea than coffee.
7. When do you have breakfast?
8. There is fish for dinner today.
9. Are you attending the dinner tonight ?
10. The oranges are grown in Nagpur.

Exercise 2

1. We wear clothes to keep us warm.
2. Cars are not allowed to park here.
3. ………… (flowers) in that vase are very beautiful.
4. ………… tea grows in India.
5. She plays tennis very well.
6. What are we having for ………… (lunch)?
7. ………… grass in that field is very green.
8. Do you usually drink tea or coffee.
9. Elephants are used in some countries to pull heavy loads.
10. This is ………… best book of Basic Mathematics.
Answers :
1. We wear clothes to keep us warm.
2. Cars are not allowed to park here.
3. The flowers in that vase are very beautiful.
4. tea grows in India.
5. She plays tennis very well. .
6. What are we having for lunch?
7. The grass in that field is very green.
8. Do you usually drink tea or coffee.
9. Elephants are used in some countries to pull heavy loads.
10. This is the best book of Basic Mathematics.

Exercise 3

Fill in the blank spaces in the following sentences with the word or words given in brackets at the end. Use either the plain noun, or the noun preceded by the (whichever you think is correct).

1. In Austria the people speak (…………)(German).
2. ………… (English) is spoken in many countries.
3. ………… (English) have been a sea-faring people for many centuries.
4. Can you speak …………?
5. …………(Italians) are a very musical nation,
6. Many great ships cross ………… (Atlantic Ocean)
7. ………… (India) is a very large country in …………. (Asia).
8. I go to Surat by Rajdhani Express.
9. His uncle is manager of ………… (Overseas Bank) in this town.
10. He came for an hour, but stayed all ………… (evening )
Answers :
1. In Austria the people speak German.
2. English is spoken in many countries.
3. The English have been a sea-faring people for many centuries.
4. Can you speak?
5. The Italians are a very musical nation.
6. Many great ships cross the Atlantic Ocean.
7. India is a very large country in Asia.
8. I go to Surat by the Rajdhani Express.
9. His uncle is manager of the Overseas Bank in this town.
10. He came for an hour, but stayed all the evening.

Exercise 4

Insert a or an in the blank spaces in the following sentences.

1. …………. elephant is a very strong animal.
2. He had always hoped that his son would go to …………. university.
3. Italy is …………. European country’.
4. I shall be back in less than …………. hour.
5. We should brush our teeth two times …………. day.
6. Everyone respects …………. honest person.
7. By …………. united effort we may achieve sticcess.
8. Copper is …………. useful metal.
9. I understand he is to marry …………. heiress.
10. …………. honour was conferred on him for his services to his country.
Answers :
1. An elephant is a very strong animal.
2. He had always hoped that his son would go to a university.
3. Italy is a European country’.
4. I shall be back in less than an hour.
5. We should brush our teeth two times a day.
6. Everyone respects an honest person.
7. By a united effort we may achieve sticcess.
8. Copper is a useful metal.
9. I understand he is to marry an heiress.
10. An honour was conferred on him for his services to his country.

Exercise 5

1. We stayed at ………… hotel in the centre of the town.
2. It is ………… great honour to be invited to such a gathering.
3. The door was opened by ………… servant.
4. ………… honorary secretary is one who is not paid for his services.
5. He was carrying heavy ………… load.
6. There is ………… hourly bus service on this route.
7. ………… big dog dashed out of the gate.
8. We shall come if we get ………… opportunity.
9. That was not ………… very honest thing to do.
10. The proposal was accepted by ………… unanimous vote.
Answers :
1. We stayed at a hotel in the centre of the town.
2. It is a great honour to be invited to such a gathering.
3. The door was opened by a servant.
4. An honorary secretary is one who is not paid for his services.
5. He was carrying heavy a load.
6. There is an hourly bus service on this route.
7. A big dog dashed out of the gate.
8. We shall come if we get an opportunity.
9. That was not a very honest thing to do.
10. The proposal was accepted by a unanimous vote.

Haryana State Board HBSE 9th Class English Solutions Grammar Tenses Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 9th Class English Grammar Tenses

Tense :
(काल किसे कहते हैं ?)
The tense of a verb shows the time of an action or event. (क्रिया का काल, कार्य या घटना के समय के बारे में । जानकारी देता है।)

Verb (क्रिया किसे कहते हैं ?)
The word that tells us about the process of doing any action or event is known as a verb. (जो शब्द किसी कार्य या घटना के करने या होने के बारे में जानकारी देता है, उसे क्रिया कहते हैं।)
अंग्रेज़ी भाषा में verb के तीन रूप होते हैं-
(1) Present
(2) Past
(3) Past Participle.

There are three main, tenses corresponding the three divisions of time. These are:

(a) The Present Tense.
(b) The Past Tense.
(c) The Future Tense.

Each of these three main tenses has four forms :
(i) Simple or Indefinite
(ii) Continuous or Progressive
(iii) Perfect
(v) Perfect Continuous

I. The Simple Present (Or The Present Indefinite)

पहचान : इस Tense से संबंधित वाक्य का जब हिंदी में उच्चारण किया जाता है तो वाक्य के अंत में ता है, ती है, ता हूँ… ते हैं, की आवाज आती है।

S= Subject (कर्ता कारक)
V= Verb (क्रिया)
O= Object (कर्म कारक)
यदि Subject (he, she, it, singular Noun हो तो , के साथ s/es लगाते हैं। जैसे-)
My mother goes to temple daily.
My mother does not go to temple daily.
Does your mother go to temple daily?

Uses :
इन वाक्यों में daily, every, always, often, usually, generally शब्द लगे होते हैं।
(a) To describe habitual actions.
(आदत वाले कार्य को बताने के लिए।)
Ram gets up early in the morning. Then he goes for a walk.

(b) To express a general, universal or scientific truth.
(सामान्य, शाश्वत या वैज्ञानिक तथ्य को बताने के लिए।)
The sun rises in the east.

(c) To express a fact which is true at the time of speaking.
(ऐसे तथ्य को व्यक्त करने के लिए जो बात करते समय सत्य है।)
Krishma lives in Mumbai.

(d) In describing running commentaries :
(आँखों देखा हाल बताने के लिए।
Raman passes the ball to Kamal and he hits it into the goal.

II. The Present Continuous Tense

पहचान : इस Tense से संबंधित वाक्य का जब हिंदी में अनुवाद किया जाता है तो वाक्य के अंत में रहा है, रही है, रहे। हैं, की आवाज आती है।

Simple Sentences – S+ Is/Am/Are + Vi+ing +O
Negative Sentences – S + Is/Am/Are +not+V, + ing+O
Interrogative Sentences – Is/Am/Are +S+V.+ing +O?

I के साथ am का प्रयोग करते हैं। He, She, It और singular noun के साथ is का प्रयोग करते हैं। We, you, they और Plural Noun के साथ are का प्रयोग करते हैं; जैसेLook ! the two boys are fighting. I am doing my work.

Uses :
(a) It shows what is happening now, at the time of writing or speaking.
(जो कार्य अब बात करते या लिखते समय हो रहा है।)
Shubham is studying in his room, but his brother Arun is playing in the garden.

(b) To express an action which may not be actually going on at the time of speaking, but it is going on in general.
(जो कार्य बात करते समय नहीं चल रहा, मगर सामान्य रूप से चल रहा है, उसे व्यक्त करने के लिए।)
She is writing a book on Economics.

(c) To express an action which is likely to happen in near future.
(उस घटना को व्यक्त करने के लिए जो निकट भविष्य में हो सकती है।)
My brother is coming next week.

Exercise 1

Put the verbs in brackets into the Simple Present Tense or the Present Continuous Tense:
1. Suman generally (wear) a white suit but today she (wear) a blue one.
2. 1 (come) here every Sunday.
3. She never (tell) a lie.
4. What (do) snakes eat?
5. The workers (repair) the road at present.
6. People (wear) new clothes on Diwali.
7. My children generally (go) to their uncle during the holidays. But they (nor go) this summer as we all (go) to Shimla.
8. I usually (drink) coffee but now I (drink) tea.
9. We have our lunch at the Ashoka Restaurant this afternoon.
10. As it is good weather, children (play) in the garden.
Answers:
1. wears: is wearing,
2. come,
3. tells,
4. do,
5. are repairing,
6. wear,
7. go are not going: are going,
8. drink; am drinking,
9. are having,
10. are playing.

III. The Present Perfect Tense

पहचान : इस Tense से संबंधित वाक्य का जब हिंदी में अनुवाद किया जाता है तो वाक्य के अंत में चुका है, या लिया है, की आवाज आती है।
Simple Sentences – S+ has/have + V: + Object
Negative Sentences – S+ has/have + not +V, +O
Interrogative Sentences – Has/Have +S+V+O?
He, she, it और singular noun के साथ has का प्रयोग होता है।
I, we, you, they और plural noun के साथ have का प्रयोग होता है। जैसे-
The bell has gone.
I have learnt my lesson.
Have you returned the library books?

Uses :
(a) To express an action which has just been completed.
(किसी ऐसे कार्य का वर्णन करने के लिए जो अभी-अभी पूर्ण हुआ है।)
Have you written a letter?
Yes, I have just completed it.

(b) To express an action which began in the past and has continued upto the present. For this use of the tense, for and since can be used to denote the length of time. For is used to show the length of time and since to show the point of time.

(किसी ऐसे कार्य का वर्णन करने के लिए जो भूतकाल से चलकर वर्तमान समय तक जारी रहा हो। समय की अवधि कां वर्णन करने के लिए since और for का प्रयोग किया जाता है। For का प्रयोग समय की अवधि दर्शाने के लिए और Since का प्रयोग निश्चित समय-बिंदु को दर्शाने के लिए किया जाता है।)
He has been a teacher since 1985.
I have known him for the last ten years.

(c) To express an action which happened in the past at an indefinite time. We either don’t know the time of its happening or we don’t mention it.
(भूतकाल में किसी अनिश्चित समय में घटित होने वाले कार्य का वर्णन करने के लिए। हम कार्य के होने के समय के बारे में नहीं जानते और न ही उसका वर्णन करते हैं।)
I have seen the Taj Mahal
I have met the author of this book.

(d) In the sentences having ‘yet’. negative sentences of this are formed.
(जिस वाक्य में yet लगा होता है उसमें इस tense के साथ not का प्रयोग करते हैं।)
The match has not started yet. He has not come yet.

IV. The Present Perfect Continuous Tense

पहचान : वाक्य के अंत में से रहा है, से रही है, से रहा हूँ, से रहे हैं, इत्यादि लगा होता है।
Simple Sentences – S + has/have + been + V + ing+O
Negative Sentences – S + has/have + not been + V + ing+O
Interrogative Sentences – Has/Have + S + been + V, + ing+O?

I have been living here only for five years.
No, I have not been living here since long.
Have you been living here for a long time?

Uses :
(a) To express an action which began in the past but is still continuing. Since and For are used to denote the length of time.
(किसी ऐसे कार्य का वर्णन करने के लिए जो भूतकाल में किसी समय से आरंभ होकर अभी भी निरंतर रूप से चल)
It has been raining since morning
We have been waiting for the rain to stop.

(b) To express an action, which has just finished, but whose effect or result still continues :
(किसी ऐसे कार्य का वर्णन करने के लिए जो अभी-अभी पूरा हुआ है लेकिन उसका प्रभाव या परिणाम अभी भी जारी है।)
I am tired; I have been watering the plants since morning.
I am late because I have been washing my car.

Exercise 2

Put the verbs in the Present Perfect or Present Perfect Continuous Tense :

1. He (fake) his meal and is playing in the garden now.
2. I ……….. (read) all the plays of Shakespeare.
3. I (ring) the bell for five minutes, but nobody (come) to answer.
4. This woman (visit the shop five times, but so far she (not purchase) anything.
5. He is a famous player. He (play) football since he was ten years old.
6. I (wait) for you for the last one hour.
7. Mohan (live) in this town since 1935.
8. You cannot meet Rajesh. He just go) out.
9. Geeta went to Delhi six months ago, but I (not hear) from her so far.
10. I (not see) the Taj Mahal but I am planning to visit Agra next week.
Answers:
1. has taken
2. have read
3. have been ringing: has come
4. has visited; has not purchased
5. has been playing
6. have been waiting
7. has been living
8. has just gone
9. have not heard
10. have not seen.

V. The Simple Past Tense

पहचान । इस Tense वाले वाक्यों का हिंदी अनुवाद करने पर वाक्य के अंत में आ, ए, ई, की आवाज आती है।

(a) Simple past tense में subject के साथ verb की IInd form का प्रयोग होता है; जैसे-
Mohan went to Agra.
I met Amrish Puri.

(b) Negative (नकारात्मक) वाक्यों में subject के साथ did not + verb की Ist form का प्रयोग होता है; जैसे
Mohan did not go to Agra.
I did not meet Amrish Puri.

(c) Interrogative (प्रश्नवाचक) वाक्यों में did + subject + verb की Ist form का प्रयोग होता है; या Question Word + did + subject + verb Ist Form होता है-
Did Mohan go to Agra?
Did I meet Amrish Puri?

Uses
(a) To express an action completed in the past at a definite time.
(अतीत में निश्चित समय पर पूरे हुए कार्य को व्यक्त करने के लिए।)
Nehru died in 1964. (die)
I met Shyam yesterday. (meet)
I visited Lucknow four years ago. (visit)
She did not visit us last year. (visit)
इन वाक्यों में भूतकाल का वर्णन करने के लिए yesterday, last, ago और in + सन् (year) आदि शब्द लगे होते हैं।

(b) To express a past habit.
(अतीत की आदत को व्यक्त करने हेतु।)
My grandfather always went for a walk in the morning. (go)
He always carried an umbrella. (carry)

(c) To express an action which took place at a definite time in the past even though the time is not given
म कार्य को व्यक्त करने के लिए जो किसी निश्चित समय पर हुआ था चाहे उसका समय नहीं बताया गया।”
I bought this suit at Connaught Place. (buy)

(d) To express some historical events
(कुछ ऐतिहासिक घटनाओं का वर्णन करने के लिए; जैसे-)
Shahjahan built the Taj. (build)
Babar founded the Mughal Empire. (found)

(e) If one part of the sentence is in Past Continuous Tense.
(यदि वाक्य का एक भाग Past Continuous Tense हैं।)
I was taking my lunch when he arrived. (arrive)
I saw that the two boys were fighting. (see)

(f) To express the condition of past.
(भूतकाल की शर्त का वर्णन करने के लिए if वाले वाक्यों में यदि एक भाग में would/should/could + Verb की 1st form लगी हो तो दूसरे भाग में Verb की IInd form का प्रयोग करते हैं।)
He would pass if he worked hard. (work)
She would get a job if she applied for it. (apply)

(g) Connectors (neither, and, but, because, as)
Verb of Ind form
के साथ यदि एक भाग में Verb की IInd form लगी हो तो दूसरे भाग में भी Verb की IInd form का प्रयोग करते हैं।)
Neither he came nor sent any message. (send)
He failed because he did not work hard. (fail)

Exercise 3

Fill in the blanks with the simple Past Tense :
1. I was walking along the road when suddenly I …………. (meet) an old lady.
2. The policeman ………… (ask) me where I was going.
3. I……….. (tell) him that I was going to Pindara.
4. The old man was a beggar. He……….. (beg) me to give him something.
5. We……….. (hear) a terrifying news last night.
6. I……….. (take) pity on the old man and gave him five rupees.
7. L……….. (feel) happy for helping an old and hungry man.
8. Ireturmed from Pindara after one hour and ……….. (meet) the same old man again.
9. I recognised him but he ………… (not recognise) me.
10. When I came near him, he again ………… (ask) me for money.
Answers:
1. met
2. asked
3. told
4. begged
5. heard
6. took
7. felt
8. met
9. did not recognise
10. asked.

VI. The Past Continuous Tense

पहचान : इस Tense वाले वाक्यों का हिंदी अनुवाद करने पर रहा था, रही थी, रहे थे, की आवाज आती है।
Simple Sentences – S + was/were + V + ing + O
Negative Sentences – S + was/were + not + V + ing+O
Interrogative Sentences – Was/Were + S + V, + ing+O?

The baby was sleeping in the cradle. They were making a noise. I, he, she, it और singular noun के साथ was का प्रयोग किया जाता है। He, she, it और plural noun के साथ were का प्रयोग किया जाता है।

Uses
(a) This tense is used to express an action which was continuing at some point of time in the past
(इस Tense का प्रयोग उन वाक्यों में किया जाता है जिनमें कोई कार्य भूतकाल में किसी निश्चित समय पर चल रहा था।)
(नोट-इस Tense वाले वाक्यों में एक भाग में when के साथ verb की 2nd Form लगी होती है।)
The fire was burning when we came in.

(b) To express two or more actions happening simultaneously in the past:
(भूतकाल में एक साथ होने वाले दो कार्यों का वर्णन करने के लिए।)
While she was writing, he was looking at her beautiful pen.

VII. The Past Perfect Tense

पहचान : वाक्य का हिंदी में अनुवाद करने पर वाक्य के अंत से चुका था, चुके थे, चुकी थी, की आवाज आती है।

(a) इस Tense में subject के बाद had + verb की IIIrd form का प्रयोग होता है; जैसे-
I had done his work.

(b) नकारात्मक (Negative) वाक्यों में had + not + verb की IIIrd form का प्रयोग होता है; जैसे
I had not done his work.

(c) प्रश्नवाचक (Interrogative) वाक्यों में had + subject + verb की IIIrd form का प्रयोग होता है; जैसे-
Had I done his work?
Had he written a letter?

Uses
(a) To express an action that has completed before the fixed time in past.
किसी ऐसे कार्य को व्यक्त करने के लिए जो किसी दूसरे कार्य के आरंभ होने से पहले पूरा हो चुका था; जैसे-
The fire had burnt the huts before the fire brigade came. (burn)
The thief had run away before the police came. (run)
नोट-इन वाक्यों में कार्य के संपन्न होने का वर्णन करने के लिए before, after, already, by, till और until शब्द लगे। होते हैं।

(b) To express an action that has completed before the beginning of second action.
किसी ऐसे कार्य को व्यक्त करने के लिए जो past के निश्चित समय से पहले पूरा हो गया था; जैसे-
I had already done my work by 6 p.m. yesterday. (do)
He had not met me before. (not meet)

(c) To express an unfulfilled wish of the past.
(Brita i surfav)
He wished that he had accepted the offer. (accept)
If only you had worked hard. (work)

(d) If in past happens more than one action, for former action past perfect is used.
अगर past में एक से अधिक कार्य हुए हों तो पहले होने वाले कार्य के लिए Past Perfect का प्रयोग करते हैं; जैसे-
I went home after I had finished the work. (finish)

(e) To express an impossible condition of the past.
(अतीत की असंभव शर्त को व्यक्त करने के लिए if वाले

If he had walked carefully, he would not have fallen. (walk)

Exercise 4

Supply the correct Past Tense of the verb given in the brackets:
1. He told the doctor that his son just………… (break) his leg.
2. The accident……… (occur) at 6 o’clock this evening.
3. When I reached the house ……….. (find) that thieves………………… (break) into it.
4. I found that they . .. (take) away my T.V.
5. The bell ……….(go) before I reached the school.
6. The match… ..(begin) before we reached the stadium.
7. The thieves.. . (run) away before the police ………………. (arrive).
8. When I reached the cinema hall, the picture already……….. (begin)
9. By the time the firemen arrived the fire ………… (destroy) many huts.
10. If he …….. (walk) carefully, he would not have fallen.
Answers:
1. had just broken,
2. occurred,
3. found; had broken,
4. had taken,
5. had gone,
6. had begun,
7. had run away: arrived,
8. had already begun,
9. had destroyed,
10. had walked.

VIII. The Past Perfect Continuous Tense

पहचान : वाक्य का हिंदी में अनुवाद करने पर वाक्य के अंत में से रहा था, से रही थी, से रहे थे की आवाज आती है।
This tense is formed by using had+been+I st form of the verb + ing. The negative is formed by putting nor between had and been. In interrogative sentences, had is put before the subject.

The fire had been burning for four hours before the fire brigade arrived. Had it been burning since moming.
No, it had not been burning since morning.

Uses
This tense is used to express the continuity of an action at a given point in the past. In other words, the action started before a given point in the past, it was continuing at that time and probably continued after that also.
यह Tense भूतकाल में किसी निश्चित समय से पहले भूतकाल की किसी अवधि से कार्य के जारी रहने वाले वाक्यों में प्रयोग किया जाता है। वाक्य में since/for लगा होता है।

नोट – Since या for वाले वाक्यों में एक भाग में when के साथ verb की 2nd form लगी होती है।
He had been waiting for me when I reached there.
The match had been going on for two hours when I reached the stadium.

Exercise 5

Put the verbs in brackets into the correct Past Tense:
1. At 9 a.m. last night …………. (watch) the television.
2. The players (enter) the stage carrying torches.
3. 1 (play) guitar since I was ten.
4. He (cross) the room and (sit) in the chair.
5. When I was at school. I (take) pari in cultural activities.
6. When he came in, we (take) dinner.
7. Last year I (attend) a conference at Chennai.
8. An accident (take) place at the crossroads last evening.
9. When Mohan (be) five years old, his father (die).
10. When I was walking along the road, the wind (blow) off my hat.
Answers:
1. was watching
2. entered
3. had been playing
4. crossed; sat
5. took
6. were taking
7. attended
8. took place
9. was; died
10. blew off.

Exercise 6

The correct form of the verb given in brackets:
1. I always …………… (come) to see you here.
2. I …………… (finish) my work before he came.
3. Naveen …………… (not eat) nutritious food since morning.
4. I …………… (never see) him before.
Answers:
1. come
2. had finished
3. had not been eating
4. have never seen.

Haryana State Board HBSE 9th Class English Solutions Grammar Punctuation Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 9th Class English Grammar Punctuation

What is Punctuation?
Punctuation का अर्थ है, विराम चिह्नों का सही प्रयोग। लिखते समय भावों को समझाने के लिए कहीं-कहीं रुकना पड़ता है। इसके लिए कुछ चिह्न लगाने होते हैं। इन रुकने के या विराम चिह्नों के प्रयोग को Punctuation कहते हैं। इनके लिए कुछ विशेष नियम हैं जिनका अध्ययन हम एक-एक करके करेंगे।

Important Marks of Punctuation :

1. Capital letters (A, B, C, …………)
2. Full stop (.)
3. Comma (,)
4. Mark of interrogation or Question Mark (?)
5. Inverted commas (” “)
6. Apostrophe (‘)
7. Sign of exclamation (!)
8. Semicolon (;)
9. Colon (:)
10. Hyphen (-)
11. Dash (_)
12. Brackets or Parenthesis [( )]

Uses Of The Marks of Punctuation :

Capital Letters (A, B, C, ………..) :
(a) प्रत्येक वाक्य का पहला अक्षर Capital (बड़ा) होता है; जैसे-
Radha is an intelligent girl. She goes to school daily. Last year she stood first in the class. Her teachers praise her.

(b) Proper Nouns और Proper Adjectives का पहला अक्षर बड़ा होता है।
He is Mohan, (proper noun)
John is a European, (proper adjective)
She lives in Mumbai, (proper noun)
I love Chinese food, (proper adjective)

(c) Direct Speech Inverted Commas (“ ”) के भीतर लिखे वाक्य का पहला अक्षर बड़ा होता है।
I She said, “I am going to Ludhiana.”

(d) दिनों, महीनों और त्योहारों के नामों के पहले अक्षर Capital (बड़े) होते हैं; जैसे-
I shall visit Delhi in December.
He came here on Friday.
People wear new clothes on Diwali.

(e) Abbreviations अर्थात् संक्षिप्त रूप का पहला अक्षर बड़ा होता है; जैसे-
M.A., M.B.B.S., M.L.A., P.M., Mr., etc.

(f) धर्मों या मतों के नाम के पहले अक्षर Capital होते हैं, जैसे-
Hinduism, Christianity, Jainism.

(g) भाषाओं और विषयों के नामों के पहले अक्षर capital होते हैं, जैसे-
History, English, Science, Hindi, etc.

Full Stop (.)
(a) प्रत्येक वाक्य के अंत में Full Stop लगता है। मगर यह नियम विस्मयसूचक एवं प्रश्नवाचक वाक्यों पर लागू नहीं होता, जैसे-
Mohan is a good singer.
Come here.
Post this letter.
Go and bring some sugar.

(b) Abbreviations और उन छोटे रूपों के साथ full Stop का प्रयोग होता है जो बड़े शब्दों के स्थान पर प्रयोग किए जाते जैसे-
M.L. Verma, M.B.B.S., M.P., N.R., Mr., Mrs., etc.

Comma (,) :
Comma एक महत्त्वपर्ण विराम चिहन है। इसलिए इसके प्रयोग के नियमों को ध्यान से पढ़ें।

(a) विभिन्न nouns, adjectives आदि को एक-दूसरे से अलग व्यक्त करने के लिए, जैसे-
I want a pen, a pencil, an inkpot, a few books, some papers and a table.
He is kind, brave, gentle and handsome.

(b) Apposition अर्थात् किसी शब्द के साथ लगकर व्याख्या करने के लिए Comma का प्रयाग करत है।
Akbar. the Great, ruled India for a long time.
Pawan, my friend, is a reporter.
Madan, a landlord, is very famous.

(c) Direct Narration के वाक्यों में Reporting Verb और Reported Speech के बीच में Comma लगता है।
Navneet said, “I am going, to Delhi.”
Radha said, “I love Krishan.”

(d) Yes या No के पश्चात्; जैसे-
Yes, I will help you.
No, I cannot do this work.

(e) तिथि को साल से अलग करने के लिए; जैसे-
May 10, 20….. या 10th May 10…………

(f) When, if, as आदि से आरम्भ होने वाले Clauses को मुख्य Clause से अलग करने के लिए, जैसे-
When I saw a lion, I ran away.
As I was going in, I met Subhash.
If you work hard, you will get first division.

Marks of interrogation Or Question Works (?)
प्रश्नसूचक चिह्न (?) का प्रयोग सीधे प्रश्न (Direct Question) में किया जाता है; जैसे-
Are you going to Jaipur?
Have you taken your lunch?
May I come in, Sir? .
What is your name?
मगर अप्रत्यक्ष प्रश्नों (Indirect Questions) के साथ Sign of Interrogation का प्रयोग नहीं होता; जैसे-
The teacher asked me where I was going.

Inverted Commas (“ ”) :

Inverted Commas के प्रयोग निम्नलिखित हैं-
(a) Direct Speech में; जैसे-
I said to him, “What are you doing ?”
Kishore said, “I have won the first prize.”

(b) किताबों, कविताओं, कहानियों, फिल्मों आदि के नामों को Inverted Commas में रखा जाता है-
Shakespeare has written the play “The Merchant of Venice.”
I have seen the film “Dil Se.”
I am reading the chapter “The Clever Rogue.”

Apostrophe (’) :
यह विराम चिह्न अधिकारात्मक बात को प्रकट करने के लिए प्रयोग किया जाता है।

(a) संज्ञा का Possessive Case बनाने के लिए यह विराम चिह्न Noun के अन्तिम अक्षर और ‘s’ के बीच में लगाया जाता है।
Shyam’s house.
I saw Ram’s book lying on Sohan’s table.
Sheela’s father met Naren’s father.

(b) ऐसे बहुवचन Noun जिनके पीछे ‘s’ आता है, उनमें Apostrophe को ‘s’ के बाद में लगाते हैं-
This is a girls’school.
That is the kids’room.
She went to a boys’ hostel.
The teachers’ rooms are separate.

(c) विस्मयसूचक वाक्यों अर्थात् सुख, दुःख आदि वाले वाक्यों के लिए इसका प्रयोग करते हैं; जैसे-
M.L.A.’s, M.P.’s, the three’s

(d) किसी वस्तु या व्यक्ति के बारे में हमारे विचारों को जोर देकर बताने के लिए; जैसे-
Don’t, Won’t, Didn’t, That’s.

Sign of Exclamation (!) :

(a) शुभकामना प्रकट करने वाले वाक्यों के अन्त में यह चिह्न लगाया जाता है; जैसे-
Alas ! I have injured my foot.
Hurrah ! We have won the match.

(b) किसी वस्तु या व्यक्ति के बारे में हमारे विचारों को जोर देकर बताने के लिए; जैसे-
What a beautiful girl!
How fine is the weather !

(c) शुभकामना प्रकट करने वाले वाक्यों के अन्त में यह चिह्न लगाया जाता है; जैसे-
May you live long !
May you stand first!

Semicolon (;) :
The semicolon is a pause longer than the comma but shorter than that of the full stop. It is used :
(a) When two opposite things are said in the same sentence :
I admire his intelligence; I hate his character.
God made the country; man made the town.

(b) to separate co-ordinate clauses, joined by the conjunctions, for, therefore, while, otherwise, etc. You must work hard; otherwise you will not get good marks.

(c) between itcnis in a suies of items that contain commas
The bedroom contained one wardrobe, one double bed. two chairs. one dressing cable; the nursery. one cot, one cheat of drawers, two chairs, one racking horse: the dinning room, six chairs. one table and one side board.

Colon (:) :

A colon is used:
(a) Lo imi’oducc a quotation
Keats said : ‘A thing of beauty la a joy for ever”.

(b) to explain and ebboraLe what has already been said
There is bad news : our team has lost the match.

(c) to introduce allai or a sencs
Faut boys have wan prizes : Suresh. Mahesh, Lalit and Rain.

Dash (_) :
The dash is used:
(a) to expees.s a sudden change of thought:
I don’t like it—but let us forget the matter altogether.

(b) to indicate a break in thought or hesitation:
I—l don’t accept this charge.

(c) to act as a bracket:
Drinking of wine—we all know it is a curse—has spoiled the Lives of countless people.

Hyphen (-) :
A hyphen is a shorter horizontal line than the dash. h is used to join the parts of a compound word:
Father-in-law, prisoner-of-war. toodi-brush.

Brackets or Parenthesis [()] :
Brackets serve the purpose of double dashes. They are used to separate from the main part of the
sentence a phrase or a clause which doca not belong to it.
Pappu (I do not know his full name) is a very intelligent boy.

Exercises for Pratice (Solved)

Exercise 1

Punctuate the following:
1. her father died on 24th jane 2004
2. his marriage has been fixed for monday the 26th may 20…
3. his father mr s m acharya is ma.bed
4. he says i am ill
5. sit down my Friend i have to talk to you
6. ram says that mr sham lad teaches him Hindi
7. i met mohan on friday
8. drop Sharma is an mbb
9. the name of his wife is veena gaba
Answers :
1. Her father died on 24th June, 2004.
2. His marriage has been fixed for Monday, the 26th May, 20..
3. His father, Mr. S. M. Acharya, is M.A., B.Ed.
4. He says, “I am ill.”
5. Sit down, my friend, I have to talk to you.
6. Ram says that Mr. Sham Lai teaches him Hindi.
7. I met Mohan on Friday.
8. Dr. O.P. Sharma is an M. B. B. S.
9. The name of his wife is Veena Gaba.

Exercise 2

Punctuate the following:
1. she is a beautiful lady
2. she has done her ma in english
3. for some time she worked as lecturer in english
4. ram said i am a good boy
5. sham and ram live in delhi
6. delhi is the capital of india
7. you should help the poor the teacher said
8. in that room there is an indian a Chinese a japanese a russian and a Pakistani
9. i am william tell replied the man
Answers:
1. She is a beautiful lady.
2. She has done her M. A. in English.
3. For some time, she worked as Lecturer in English.
4. Ram said, “I am a good boy.”
5. Sham and Ram live in Delhi.
6. Delhi is the capital of India.
7. “You should help the poor,” the teacher said.
8. In that room, there is an Indian, a Chinese, a Japanese, a Russian and a Pakistani.
9. “I am William Tell”, replied the man.

Exercise 3

Punctuate the following:
1. alas my dog is thirsty said the old man will you give him a drop of water
2. the monkey took away the money of mithu
3. delhi is 121 kms from kamal
4. mohan das karam chand gandhi was born in a small town in gujarat
5. our prime minister knows german Chinese and russian languages
6. mohan said i go to the library
7. hari said sheela is my sister
8. the himalayas are in the north of india
9. they, all said it is a lovely scene
Answers :
1. “Alas ! My dog is thirsty,” said the old man, “Will you give him a drop of water ?”
2. The monkey took away the money of Mithu.
3. Delhi is 121 kms from kamal.
4. Mohan Das Karam Chand Gandhi was born in a small town in Gujarat.
5. Our Prime Minister knows German, Chinese and Russian languages.
6. Mohan said, “I go to the library.”
7. Hari said, “Sheela is my sister.”
8. The Himalayas are in the north of India.
9. They all said, “It is a lovely scene.”

Exercise 4

Punctuate the following :
1. he said to me why do you want so much money
2. ranti deva helped the poor
3. i want a pen a pencil a book and a table
4. go home raju said gopal
5. if you were a king what would you do
6. father i want a knife
7. yes replied mohan i beat him
8. the fox said these grapes are sour
9. mr m l verma is a reporter
Answers:
1. He said to me, “Why do you want so much money ?”
2. Ranti Deva helped the poor.
3. I want a pen, a pencil, a book and a table.
4. “Go home, Raju,” said Gopal.
5. If you were a king what would you do? ‘
6. Father, I want a knife.
7. “Yes”, replied Mohan, “I beat him.”
8. The fox said, “These grapes are sour.”
9. Mr. M.L. Verma is a reporter.

Exercise 5

Punctuate the following:
1. gandhi fought for india’s freedom
2. the ramayana is the holy book of the hindus
3. how did you spend the money, father asked sohan
4. he was poor hungry and sad
5. we went to nainital on friday
6. we saw many buildings in agra
7. the taj mahal stands on the banks of the yamuna
8. i purchased one shirt one tie two socks and shoes
9. Chandigarh is the capital of haryana
Answers :
1. Gandhi fought for India’s freedom.
2. The Ramayana is the holy book of the Hindus.
3. “How did you spend the money ?” father asked Sohan.
4. He was poor, hungry and sad.
5. We went to Nainital on Friday.
6. We saw many buildings in Agra.
7. The Taj Mahal stands on the banks of the Yamuna.
8. I purchased one shirt, one tie, two socks and shoes.
9. Chandigarh is the capital of Haryana.

Exercise 6

Punctuate the following:
1. he said this is gods will
2. he said to rama he has got his fathers share
3. what have you to sell dear lady he asked
4. the fox said these grapes are sour
5. he said to me please give me your pen
6. work hard because the examination is drawing near said the father to his son
7. rewari is twenty miles from my village
8. of all the mughal emperors akbar is the most popular
Answers :
1. He said, “This is God’s will.”
2. He said to Rama, “He has got his father’s share.”
3. “What have you to sell, dear lady,” he asked.
4. The fox said, “These grapes are sour.”
5. He said to me, “Please give me your pen.”
6. “Work hard because the examination is drawing near,” said the father to his son.
7. Rewari is twenty miles from my village.
8. Of all the Mughal Emperors, Akbar is the most popular.

Exercise 7

Rewrite the following sentences with marks of punctuation by using capital letter, full stops and question marks where necessary:
1. please bring three cups of ice-cream
2. what do you want
3. all the boys are present
4. where are they sitting
5. was there a theft in your house last night
6. you , are a very kind man
7. have you any red bangles
8. two policemen came to our house this morning
9. open your books at page twenty
10. look at the blackboard
Answers:
1. Please bring three cups of ice-cream.
2. What do you want?
3. All the boys were present.
4. Where are they sitting?
5. Was there a theft in your house, last night?
6. You are a very kind man.
7. Have you any red bangles?
8. Two policemen came to our house this morning.
9. Open your books at page twenty.
10. Look at the blackboard.

Exercise 8

Rewrite the following sentences by using capital letters, full stops and question marks where necessary :
1. she knows sita and gopal
2. his name is balbir singh
3. when will kuldip come here
4. i am going to ludhiana
5. durga dass is a rich man
6. the himalayas are in the north of india
7. the rajdhani express is a very fast train
8. did mohan and kamala go to the park with their father and mother
9. a hockey team from delhi went to sri lanka last month
10. who is he talking to he is talking to rajinder singh
Answers :
1. She knows Sita and Gopal.
2. His name is Balbir Singh.
3. When will Kuldip come here ?
4. I am going to Ludhiana.
5. Durga Dass is a rich man.
6. The Himalayas are in the north of India.
7. The Rajdhani Express is a fast train.
8. Did Mohan and Kamla go to the park with their father and mother ?
9. A hockey team from Delhi went to Sri Lanka last month.
10. Who is he talking to ? He is talking to Rajinder Singh.

Exercise 9

Punctuate the following sentences with commas and inverted commas where necessary :
1. Rajan said Goodbye.
2. Meena said I will miss you.
3. Sheela says In our house there are chairs tables fans and radios.
4. Kamla says Are your parents coming ?
5. Leela said have you any small bangles ?
6. The driver said Which way shall we go ?
7. The headmaster said Perhaps it is in your bag. Did you look for it there?
8. Mohan said I looked for my pen everywhere.
9. Ajit said We will go to the dam. It is a beautiful spot and we shall enjoy the trip.
10. mr das said whose books are these
Answers:
1. Rajan said, “Goodbye.”
2. Meena said, “I will miss you.”
3. Sheela says, “In our house there are chairs, tables., fans and radios.”
4. Kamla says, “Are your parents coming ?”
5. [cela said, “Have you any small bangles ?”
6. The driver said, “Which way shall we go ?”
7. The headmaster said, “Perhaps it is in your bag. Did you look for it there ?”
8. Mohan said. “I looked for my pen everywhere.”
9. Ajit said, “We will go to the dam. It is a beautiful spot and we shall enjoy the trip.”
10. Mr. Das said, “Whose books are these ?”

Exercise 10

Punctuate the following sentences with commas and inverted commas where necessary :
1. my sister is a ph d student
2. i would rather die she said than beg
3. may i come in sir
4. the ramayana is a sacred book of the hindus
5. harpreet was elected an m 1 a
6. he asked me why i was crying
7. he passed the b a exam last year
8. long live the president
9. he was honest sincere and hard working
10. the teacher said honesty is the best policy
11. my uncle dr c 1 sharma lives in shimla
12. if you go to agra do visit the taj mahal
Answers:
1. My sister is a Ph.D student.
2. “I would rather die,” she said, “than beg.”
3. May I come in, sir ?
4. The Ramayana is a sacred book of the Hindus.
5. Harpreet was elected an M.L.A.
6. He asked me w hy I was crying ?
7. He passed the B.A. exam last year.
8. Long live the President.
9. He was honest, sincere and hard working.
10. The teacher said, “Honesty is the best policy.”
11. My uncle, Dr C.L. Sharma, lives in Shimla.
12. If you go to Agra, do visit the Taj Mahal.

Haryana State Board HBSE 9th Class English Solutions Poster Making Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 9th Class English Poster Making

What is a Poster?
Answer:
A poster is a notice and an Advertisement, combined into one. A notice is generally displayed on a notice board or published in a newspaper. An advertisement is also published in a newspaper. A poster on the other hand, is generally displayed on walls. In some cases, a poster can be displayed on the notice board also. People read posters from a distance. Therefore, utmost care should be taken in preparing a poster. Its design and style should be attractive. It should be able to catch our attention at once. Colourful, attractive and stylish posters attract the attention of people and influence their minds. The following points should be kept in mind while designing/writing a poster.

Hints for Designing a Poster

• A good poster should be styled according to the subject matter of theme which its designer wants to convey.
• The letters in a poster should be bold and attractive. The main theme or subject should be bolder in size than the rest of the poster.
• The language should be brief but catchy and attractive.
• The design should be striking and ornate.
• All the basic details should be given, But the poster should be to the point. Do not beat about the bush in a poster.

Some Specimen Posters

Question 1.
On behalf of Swami Banwas Foundation, draft a poster announcing the organisation of a 10-day religious discourse and meditation camp and inviting people to visit the camp and win spiritual peace.
Answer:

Good News For the People of Alwar
A Ten-Day Religious Discourse and
Meditation Camp Of
Swami Banwas Ji
will be held at
Sawai Maan Singh Polo Grounds
Alwar from
10th March to 19th March……..
daily
from 10 a.m. to 8 p.m.

Special Attractions of the Camp:

• • Religious Discourses by Swami Banwas Ji.
  • Free Langar organised by Banwas Foundation for the gathering.
  • Meditation camp for four hours daily-to teach people how to get peace in this busy life.
  • Distribution of free blankets to the poor.

Come One :

Come All:
Swami Shradhanand
Secretary
Banwas Meditation Centre.

Question 2.
Design a poster for promoting the education of girls.
Answer:

Question 3.
Design a poster to promote ‘Save Girl Child Campaign’.
Answer:

Question 4.
Prepare a poster advising people not to take alcoholic drinks-illustrating the danger of consuming alcohol.
Answer:

Question 5.
Design a poster making people aware regarding ‘Road Safety Rules’.
Answer:

Question 6.
Design a poster making people aware about Traffic Light

Exercise For Practice :

1. There is an exhibition of Rural arts and artefacts at the Surajkund Craft Centre, Faridabad. Design a poster inviting the people to visit the exhibition.

2. The Rotary Club, Panipat is going to organise a Diwali Mela two days before Diwali. Design a poster to announce it.

3. Gemini Circus has visited your town and will be there for ten days. Design a poster urging people to
enjoy the feats of circus performers.

4. A star Nite is being held in your city. A number of film stars from Mumbai will take part in the nite. This nite is being organised in aid of the victims of Tsunami. Draft a poster, asking people not to miss this opportunity of enjoyment.

5. The Red Cross Society of Meerut is organising a blood donation camp at your school. Design a poster on its behalf urging people to donate blood.

6. You are running a health club cum gym in your city. Design a poster telling people the facilities at your health club.

7. JBD Samaj Kalyan Samiti, with the help of Medical Association, Kamal, is organising a free Eye Camp for those suffering from eye ailments. Design a poster announcing this camp.

8. You are the Director of the Intelligent Club, Jalandhar. Design a poster for a Quiz Contest which your club is going to hold.

Haryana State Board HBSE 9th Class English Solutions Dialogue Writing Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 9th Class English Dialogue Writing

Exercise 1

Suppose Rain has just come out of the Examination Hall after finishing his paper. Another examinee named Sham has also come out. They talk to each about their examination. Write down their conversation.
Ram : How have you done your paper?
Sham : I have done my paper well.
Ram : Is the paper easy?
Sham : It is not so easy.
Ram : Which question is difficult?
Sham : Question No. IV is rather difficult.
Ram : Is your answer to this question to the point?
Sham : I think my answer to this question is also to the point.
Ram : From where is the question set?
Sham : The question is set from Chapter II of the book.
Ram : Which question is confusing?
Sham : Question on ‘Fill in the blanks’ is confusing.
Ram : What do you think about these two questions?
Sham : These two questions are out of the prescribed course
Ram : What type of answers did you give to these questions?
Sham : I gave rather poor answers to these questions.
Ram : Are you satisfied with the answers you gave?
Sham : On the whole, I am satisfied with the answers I gave.

Exercise 2

Imagine that you went to the railway station to see off a friend. Your brother wanted to know what you saw there. Write the conversation between you and your brother.

Brother : Why did you go to the station?
You : I went to see off a friend.
Brother : How did you go there?
You : We went there in a taxi.
Brother : Was there rush at the booking-window?
You : Yes, there was a great rush at the booking-window.
Brother : Was there rush on the platform also?
You : There was a great rush on the platform also.
Brother : What were people doing at the platform?
You : People were walking up and down the platform.
Brother : What were the porters doing?
You : The porters were moving to and fro.
Brother : How long had you to wait?
You : We had to wait f& only ten minutes.
Brother : Did the train arrive on time?
You : The train arrived on time.
Brother : When did you come back?
You : I came back after the departure of the train.

Exercise 3

Suppose your friend Sumit was travelling in a bus and his pocket was picked. His father wants to know about It Write down the conversation between Sumit and his father.

Sumit’s father : Where was the money?
Sumit : The money was in the purse.
Sumlt’s father : How much money was there in the purse?
Sumit : Five hundred rupees were in the purse.
Sumit’s father : Where did you put the purse?
Sumit : I put it in the inner pocket of my coat.
Sumit’s father : When did you find your pocket picked?
Sumit : When I got down from the bus I found my pocket picked.
Sumit’s father : Did you inform the police?
Sumit : Yes, I informed the police.
Sumit’s father : What did they say?
Sumit : They said, they would try to find out the pick pocket.
Sumit’s father : How did you come home?
Sumit : I came home in a taxi.
Sumit’s father : Do you know who travelled with you?
Sumit : No, I do not know anyone who travelled with me.
Sumit’s father : Have you any hope of getting the money back?
Sumit : No, I have no hope of getting the money back.
Sumit’s father : Do you blame anybody for the loss?
Sumit : I blame nobody for the loss.

Exercise 4

Imagine Rahul attended the Prize Distribution Function of his school. His friend Shubham wants to know about it. Write down the conversation between Rahul and Shubham.

Shubham : When did the Prize Distribution Function còme off?
Rahul : The Prize Distribution Function came off December.
Shubham : Who presided over the functrnn?
Rahul : The Education Minister presided over the function.
Shubham : Where was he received?
Rahul : He was received at the gate.
Shubham: Who sang a welcome song?
Rahul : Some students sang a welcome song.
Shubham : Was the pandal full?
Rahul : Yes, the pandal was full.
Shubham : What did the Headmaster do at first?
Rahul : At first, the Headmaster read the annual report.
Shubham : Who gave away the prizes?
Rabul : The Education Minister gave away the prizes.
Shubham : What kind of speech did he make?
Rahul : He made a short speech.
Shubbam : What did he say to the prize-winners?
Rahul : He congratulated the prize-winners.
Shubham: How many prizes did you get?
Rahul : I got four prizes.

Exercise 5

Suppose Abhishek has English friend named Johnson who visited him and wanted to know about the Jama Masjid. Write down the conversation between Johnson and Abhishek.

Johnson : Where is Jama Masjid situated?
Abhishek : It is situated in Delhi.
Johnson : Who built it?
Abhishek : It was built by Shahjahan.
Johnson : Which great building does it face?
Abhlshek : It faces the Red Fort.
Johnson : On how many sides do we see steps?
Abhishek : We see steps on its three sides.
Johnson : How long did it take to complete it?
Abhishek : It was completed in six years.
Johnson : From where do the people visit it?
Abhlshek : it is visited by the people from far and wide.
Johnson : Who prays in the Jama Masjid?
Abhishek : The Muslims pray in it.

Exercise 6

Ritesh calls up Rajat to make a plan for the weekend. Complete the dialogue between Ritesh and Rajat by filling up in the gaps.

Ritesh : (a)……………… this weekend?
Rajat : I don’t have any special plan.
Ritesh : (b) How do you like the idea …………….. the zoo?
Rajat : (c) That sounds good. but I …………….. my parents, permission.
Ritesh : (d) …………. I’ll come to your house this evening and request your parents …………….. .
Rajat : O.K
Ritesh : (e) …………… in the evening?
Rajat : Yes. They will be at home.
Ritesh : Then I’ll surely come.
Ans.
Ritesh : (a) What are you doing this weekend?
Rajat : I don’t have any special plan.
Ritesh : (h) How do you like the idea of going to the zoo9
Rajat : (c) That sounds good, but 1 have to take my parents permission.
Ritesh : (d) I’ll come to your house this evening and request your parents to grant your permission.
Rajat : 0K.
Ritesh : (e) Will your parents be at home in the evening?
Rajat : Yes. They will be at home.
Ritesh : Then ¡‘Il surely come.

Exercise For Practice :

1. Suppose a friend of yours wants to know about your school library. Write down the conversation between you and your friend.

2. Imagine that you went on tour during the holidays. A friend of yours wanted to know all about your tour. Write down this imaginary conversation.

3. Suppose you go to bus stand to enquire about the bus timings from Ludhiana to Chandigarh. Write down the conversation between you and the Enquiry Clerk.

4. Suppose you were to appear before the principal of a college for an interview. Write down this imaginary conversation between you and the principal.

5. Suppose you want to book train tickets in advance for going from Chandigarh to Hyderabad. You go to the enquiry window to ask about the name of the train, the train fare and other details. Write down this imaginary conversation between you and the enquiry clerk.