HBSE 8th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 12 India After Independence

Haryana State Board HBSE 8th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 12 India After Independence Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 8th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 12 India After Independence

HBSE 8th Class History India After Independence Textbook Questions and Answers

LET’S IMAGINE

You are witness to an argument between an Adivasi and a person who is opposed to the reservation of seats and jobs. What might be the arguments you heard each of them put forward? Act out the conversation.
Answer:
The argument of a person who is opposed to the reservation:
1. Reservation is against the spirit of equality.
2. It checks the chances of admission of more intelligent students in educational institutions.
3. Reservation is a sort of punishment for present generation of general category, who is not responsible for their miserable socio-economic backwardness.
4. Reservation will provide lesser intelligent s teachers, doctors, officials and India will go back or will remain backward country in the era of global competition.

Arguments of Adivasi:
1. We are the real inhabitants of this country.
2. We have been exploited since generations by peoples of plains or outsiders-especially merchants, money-lenders, kind-mafia, foreign- companies, exploiters or greedy employers.
3. We have been kept backward in the field of education, health services, latest knowledge etc.
4. We will progress quickly with the help of reservation. Due to reservation we will have more effective voice in legislature and in the parliament of the country. We will be in a better form to compel the authorities of the country to listen our grievances.

HBSE 8th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 12 India After Independence

LETS RECALL

Question 1.
Name three problems that the newly independent nation of India faced.
Answer:
Three problems that the newly independent nation of India faced were:
(A) As a result of partition, eight million refugees had come into the country from what was now Pakistan. These people had to be found homes and jobs.

(B) Second, was the problem of the princely states, almost 500 of them, each ruled by a Maharaja or a Nawab, each of them had to be persuaded to join the new nation.

(C) In the longer term, the new nation had to adopt a political system that would best serve the hopes and expectations of its population.

Question 2.
What was the role of the Planning Commission?
Answer:
1. The role of the Planning Commission was to help design and execute suitable policies for economic development.

2. Both the State and the private sector would play important and complementary roles in increasing production and generating jobs. So, the role of the Commission was to define that which industries should be initiated by the state and which by the market, how to achieve a balance between the different regions and states.

3. Ultimately, lifting India and Indians out of poverty and building a modern technical and industrial base were the main objectives of the Planning Commission.

Question 3.
Fill in the blanks:

  1. Subjects that were placed on the Union List were …………. , …………. and ………….. .
  2. Subjects on the Concurrent List were …………. and …………. .
  3. Economic Planning by which both the state and private sector played a role in the development was called a …………. model.
  4. The death of ……………. sparked off such violent protests that the government was forced to give into the demand for the linguistic state of Andhra.

Answer:

  1. taxes, defence, foreign affairs.
  2. forests, agriculture.
  3. mixed economy.
  4. Potti Sriramulu.

Question 4.
State whether true or false:

  1. At independence, the majority of Indians lived in villages.
  2. The Constituent Assembly was made up of members of the Congress Party.
  3. In the first national election, only men were allowed to vote.
  4. The Second Five Year Plan focused on the development of heavy industry.

Answer:

  1. True
  2. False
  3. False
  4. True.

LET’S DISCUSS

Question 5.
What did Dr. Ambedkar mean when he said that “In politics we will have equality, and in social and economic life we will have inequality”?
Answer:
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, chairman of the Drafting Committee pointed out that political equality would have to be accompanied by social and economic equality. He meant that introducing one man one vote will lead to political equality, however, in our social and economic structure continue to deny the principle of one man one value.

Question 6.
After Independence, why was there a reluctance to divide the country on linguistic lines?
Answer:
There was a reluctance to divide the country on linguistic lines because:
(а) India had been divided on the basis of religion. Despite the wishes and efforts of Mahatma Gandhi, freedom had to come not to one nation but to two. More than one million people had been killed in riots between Hindus and Muslims. And the country could not afford further divisions on the basis of language.

(b) Both Prime Minister Nehru and Deputy Prime Minister Vallabhbhai Patel were against the creation of linguistic states. They believed that it was time to keep India strong and united.

Question 7.
Give one reason why English continued to be used in India after Independence.
Answer:
English continued to be used in India after Independence because:
(а) Though Hindi was chosen as the national language, the use of Hindi was not accepted by the other regions, especially the south.
(b) The leaders felt the need for a common language that would link people of different regions.

Question 8.
How was the economic development of India visualised in the early decades after Independence?
Answer:
(1) In 1950, the government set up a Planning Commission to help design and execute suitable policies for economic development.
(2) The main stress in the First Five Year Plan (1951-1956) was on agricultural development.
(3) The Second Five Year Plan was formulated in 1956. This focused strongly on the development of heavy industries such as iron and steel, and on the building of large dams.
(4) After independence, a number of steps were taken by the government to make the balanced growth of all regions of country.
(5) The development of regions or states have not been same due to multiple kinds of variations and diversities, ethnic divisions, social customs, cultural patterns and religions.

LETS DO

Question 9.
Who was Mira Behn? Find out more about her life and her ideas.
Answer:
Mira Behn was a follower of Mahatma Gandhi. She was greatly impressed by the ideals, philosophy and ways of working of Gandhiji.

Mira Behn worked against caste discri-mination, untouchability, in favour of human equality and rights. She emphasized the development of agriculture, cottage industries and education. Mira Behn emphasized on studying nature’s balance, and develop our lives within her laws, as if we are to survive as a physical healthy and morally decent species.

Question 10.
Find out more about the language divisions in Pakistan that led to the creation of new nation of Bangladesh. How did Bangladesh achieve independence from Pakistan?
Answer:
(1) There are many languages spoken and used in Pakistan. Urdu, Persian, Punjabi, Bangla, Pashto, English, Sindhi etc. are main among them.
(2) After Partition of India on 14th August, 1947, there were two main geographical divisions of Pakistan-West Pakistan (today’s Pakistan) and East Pakistan (today’s Bangladesh).
(3) Bangladesh (East Pakistan) broke up from Pakistan and emerged as independent Bangladesh in 1971 after a bloody war. India helped the people of Bangladesh to achieve their freedom.

HBSE 8th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 12 India After Independence

HBSE 8th Class History India After Independence Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
When did the Indian Constitution come into effect?
Answer:
Indian Constitution came into effect on 26 January, 1950.

Question 2.
What is universal adult franchise?
Answer:
All Indians above the age of 18 would be allowed to vote in state and national elections.

Question 3.
Why was universal adult franchise a revolutionary step?
Answer:
Universal adult franchise was a revolutionary step for never before had Indians been allowed to chase their own leaders.

Question 4.
What does equality before law mean?
Answer:
Equality before law means that law grants equality to all citizens regardless of their caste or religious affiliation.

Question 5.
Why was Prime Minister Nehru against the creation of linguistic states?
Answer:
Prime Minister Nehru was against the creation of linguistic states because he believed that disruptionist tendencies had come to the fore and to check them, the nation had to be strong and united.

Question 6.
How did Potti Sriramulu die?
Answer:
Potti Sriramulu died fasting for a separate state for Telugu speakers.

Question 7.
When and how was the bilingual state of Bombay divided?
Answer:
In 1960, the bilingual state of Bombay was divided into separate states for Marathi and Gujarati speakers.

Question 8.
How was the state of Punjab divided in 1966?
Answer:
Answer:The state of Punjab was divided into Punjab and Haryana in 1966, the former for the Punjabi speakers (who were mostly Sikhs), the latter for the rest (who spoke not Punjabi but versions of Haryanvi or Hindi).

Question 9.
What was the focus of the Second Five Year Plan?
Answer:
The focus of the Second Five Year Plan was on the development of heavy industries such as iron and steel and on the building of large dams.

Question 10.
Which subjects were included under the Union List?
Answer:
The subjects such as taxes, defence and foreign affairs which are the sole responsibility of the centre would be included under Union List.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What was the status given to Princely States by Indian Independence Act, 1947?
Answer:
The Indian Independence Act, 1947 (which had given independence to India) gave all Indian Princely States (their number was nearly 562) independence with the freedom to join India or Pakistan or to declare themselves complete independent as a sovereign state.

Question 2.
How was the right to vote granted in United Kingdom and the United States?
Answer:
The right to vote was granted in United Kingdom and the United States in stages. First only men of property had the vote. Then, men who were educated were also added on. Working class men got the vote only after long struggle. Finally, after a bitter struggle of their own, American and British women were granted the vote.

Question 3.
How did the new state of Andhra come into being?
Answer:
Potti Sriramulu went on a hunger strike demanding the formation of Andhra state to protect the interests of Telugu speakers. However, he died on 15 December 1952, fifty- eight days into his fast. The news of the passing away of Sriramulu engulfed entire Andhra in chaos. The protests were so widespread and intense that the central government was forced to give into the demand. Thus, on 1 October, 1953, the new state of Andhra came into being, which subsequently became Andhra Pradesh.

Question 4.
What was “mixed economy” model?
Answer:
The “mixed economy” model was that both the state and the private sector would play important and complementary roles in increasing production and generating jobs. What, specifically, these roles were to be which industries should be initiated by the state and which by the market, how to achieve a balance between the different regions and states was to be defined by the Planning Commission.

Question 5.
What was the reactions of the different people towards the focus on industries during Second Five Year Plan?
Answer:
The focus on heavy industries had many strong supporters, but also some vocal critics. Some felt that it had put inadequate emphasis on agriculture. Others argued that it had neglec¬ted primary education. Still others believed that it had not taken account of the environmental implications of economic policies.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How was it difficult to maintain unity and development go together when India became independent in 1947?
Answer:
When India became independent in 1947, there were different divisions between high castes and low castes, between the majority Hindu community and Indians who practised different faiths. There was problem of maintaining unity among vast diversities. Moreover, the new independent nation had to lift its masses out of poverty by increasing the productivity of agriculture and by promoting new, job-creating industries.

It was difficult to maintain unity and development go hand-in-hand. If the divisions between different sections of India were not heated, they could result in violent and costly conflicts-high castes fighting with low castes, Hindus with Muslims and so on. At the same time, if the fruits of economic development did not reach the broad masses of population, it could create fresh division.

HBSE 8th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 12 India After Independence

Question 2.
What were the salient features of the Indian Constitution?
Answer:
(A) Universal Adult Franchise: All Indians above the age of 18 would be allowed to vote in state and national elections regardless of gender, class or education.

(B) The constitution granted equality before the law to all citizens regardless of their caste or religious affiliation. Under the new constitution, people of all religions could have the same rights as Hindus the same opportunities as regards jobs in the government or private sector.

(C) It offered special priviliges for the poorest and the most disadvantaged Indians. The untouchables, the advasis or Scheduled Tribes were granted reservation in seats and jobs.

Question 3.
The Constitution of India guarantees equality to all Indians. But after so many years of independence, deep divisions still persist in India. Do you agree? Why?
Answer:
Yes, despite constitutional guarantees, deep divisions persist.
1. The untouchables or, as they are now referred to, the Dalits face violence and discrimination. In many parts of rural India, they are not allowed access to water sources, temples, parks and other public places.

2. Despite the secular ideals enshrined, in the Constitution, there have been clashes between different religious groups in many states.

3. Some groups of Indians have benefited a great deal from economic development. They live in large house, dine in expensive restaurant, and their children go to expensive private schools. At the same time many others continue to live below the poverty line.

Source-Based Questions

I. Read the source given and answer the following questions.

Nehru On The Five Year Plans
Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru was a great supporter of the planning process. He explained the ideals andpurposes of planning in a series of letters he wrote to the chief ministers of the different states. In a letter of 22 December, 1952, he said that: …… behind the First Five Year Plan lies the conception of India’s unity and of a mighty co-operative effort of all the peoples of India,… We have to remember always that it is not merely the governmental machinery that counts in all this, but even more so the enthusiasm and co-operation of the people.

Our people must have the sensation of partnership in a mighty enterprise, of being fellow-travellers towards the next goal that they and we have set before us. The Plan may be, and has to be, based on the calculations of economists, statisticians and the like, but figures and statistics, very important as they are, do not give life to the scheme. That breath of life comes in other ways, and it is for us now to make this Plan, which is enshrined in cold print, something living, vital and dynamic, which captures the imagination of the people.

Question 1.
How did Nehruji express his ideals and purposes of planning?
Answer:
Nehruji expressed his ideals and purposes of planning in a series of letters he wrote to the chief ministers of different states.

HBSE 8th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 12 India After Independence

Question 2.
What importance was laid by Nehruji to the First Five Year Plan?
Answer:
Behind the First Five Year Plan lies the conception of India’s unity and of a mighty co-operative effort of all the people of India.

Question 3.
What did Nehruji expect from the people of India?
Answer:
Nehruji wanted Indians to work with enthusiasm and full cooperation with each other.

Picture-Based Questions

Question 1.
Look at the following picture and answer the questions:
HBSE 8th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 12 India After Independence-1
(A) At which dam is work going on in the picture?
Answer:
The work is going on at Gandhi Sagar Dam.

(B) On which river is it built?
Answer:
It is built on the Chambal river.

(C) In which state is the river located?
Answer:
The river is located in Madhya Pradesh.

(D) When was the dam completed?
Answer:
The dam was completed in 1960.

Question 2.
Look at the picture and answer the following questions:
HBSE 8th Class Social Science Solutions History Chapter 12 India After Independence-2
(A) Who is the great leader shown with Jawaharlal Nehru in the picture?
Answer:
Krishna Menon is the great leader shown with Jawaharlal Nehru in the picture.

(B) What special work did he do at the United Nations?
Answer:
He led the Indian delegation to the UN between 1952 and 1962 and argued for a policy of non-alignment.

India After Independence Class 8 HBSE Notes

  • Franchise: The right to vote.
  • Linguistic: Relating to language.
  • State: Concerned with the government.
  • Princely States: States which were ruled by Indian rulers under the overall control of the British.
  • Monarchial System: A system in which a King or Queen reigns over a country.
  • Drafting Committee: Constituent Assembly formed the Preamble Committee from its members only.
  • Union List: Only centre can make laws on all subjects of it.
  • State List: State has the power to make laws on all subjects of it.
  • Concurrent List: State and Centre both can make laws on the subjects given in it.

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