HBSE 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 9 The Living Organisms and their Surroundings

Haryana State Board HBSE 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 9 The Living Organisms and their Surroundings Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 9 The Living Organisms and their Surroundings

HBSE 6th Class Science The Living Organisms and their Surroundings Textbook Questions and Answers

Exercises

Question 1.
What is a habitat?
Answer:
The place where organisms live is called a habitat. When they live in water, it is known as an aquatic habitat or when they live on land it is known as land or terrestrial habitat. Habitat mean a dwelling place or home. Similar animals and plants may share the same habitat.

Question 2.
How are cactus adapted to survive in a desert?
Answer:
Desert plants lose very little water through transpirations. Cactus is a desert plant. The leaves of cactus plant are modified into spines. This helps in reducing loss of water through transpiration. The leaf like structure in a cactus is infact, its stem. Photosynthesis in cactus is usually carried out by the stems. Its stem is also covered with a thick waft cuticle/layer which helps to retain water. The root of cactus plant go very deep into the soil to absorb water. In this way we can say that cactus plant adapted to survive in the desert.

Question 3.
Fill up the blanks:
(a) The presence of specific features which enable a plant or an animal to live in a particular habitate, is called …………… .
(b) The habitats of the plants and animals that live, on land are called …………. habitat.
(e) The habitats of plants and animals that live in water are called ………… habitat.
(d) Soil, water and air are the ………… factors of a habitat.
(e) Changes in our surroundings that make us respond to them,, are called …………… .
Answer:
(a) Adaptation
(b) Terrestrial
(c) Aquatic
(d) Abiotic
(e) Stumuli.

Question 4.
Which of the things in the following list are non-living?
Plough, Mushroom, Sewing Machine, Radio, Boat, Water hyacinth, Earthworm.
Answer:
The non-living things are Plough, Sewing Machine, Radio, Boat.

Question 5.
Give an example of a non-living thing. Which shows any two characteristics of living things.
Answer:
Clouds in the sky. They show two living characteristics:
(i) They grow in size.
(ii) They move from one place to another place.

Question 6.
Which of the non-living things listed below, were once part of a living thing:
Butter, leather, soil, wool, electric bulb, cooking oil, salt, apple, rubber.
Answer:
Butter, leather, wool, cooking oil, apple.

Question 7.
List the common characteristic of the living things.
Answer:
Characteristics of the living things are as follows:
(i) All living things need food.
(ii) All living things show growth.
(iii) All living things respire.
(iv) They respond to stumuli.
(v) They excrete.
(vi) All living things reproduce.
(vii) They show movement;

Question 8.
Explain why speed is important for survival in the grasslands for animals that live there.
Answer:
There are few trees or places for animals to hide in the grassland habitats. The animals like lion or tiger prey other animals such as deer. The deer have very fast running speed to help them to run away from the predator’s speed is important for their survival in grassland habitats.

HBSE 6th Class Science The Living Organisms and their Surroundings Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Name two xerophytic plants.
Answer:
(i) Cactus
(ii) Zizyphus (her)
(iii) Babool.

Question 2.
Give two examples of hydrophyte.
Answer:
(i) Lotus
(ii) Water lily.

Question 3.
Give names of two terrestrial plants.
Answer:
(i) Neem
(ii) Mango.

Question 4.
Write the names of two animals which have different kinds of cover on their bodies?
Answer:
(i) Fish
(ii) Snakes.

Question 5.
What is the food of fishes?
Answer:
Micro plants and aquatic insects.

Question 6
Name one animal which lives in water as well as on land.
Answer:
Frog.

Question 7.
Give two examples of noctural animals.
Answer:
(i) Bat
(ii) Owl
(iii) Cockroach

Question 8.
Define habitat.
Answer:
The place where a plant or an animal lives in its own kind of home.

Question 9.
Where will you find the birds?
Answer:
On the branches of trees.

Question 10.
Name three desert animals.
Answer:
(i) Camel
(ii) Snake
(iii) Lizard.

Question 11.
What are the aquatic organisms?
Answer:
The plants and animals which can live only in water.

Question 12.
List two living organisms in a pond.
Answer:
(i) Frog
(ii) Fish.

Question 13.
Name three non-living things in a pond.
Answer:
(i) Water
(ii) Mud
(iii) Air.

Question 14.
Which is a special terrestrial habitat?
Answer:
Mountain is a special terrestrial habitat where temperature is very low and land is covered with snow.

Question 15.
What type of plants are found at higher altitude?
Answer:
At higher altitude plant species like grasses, mosses, and lichens generally grow.

Question 16.
What are biotic components?
Answer:
Plants and animals are biotic components.

Question 17.
What are abiotic components?
Answer:
Water, air, heat, light and soil are abiotic components.

Question 18.
Why are plants called autotrophs?
Answer:
Plants prepare their own food by the process of photosynthesis. So they are called autotrophs.

Question 19.
Name one animal which does not have eyes.
Answer:
Amblyopsis.

Question 20.
Name two animals which have reduced eyes.
Answer:
(i) Proteus and (it) Cave-dewelling fish.

Question 21.
Name one adaptation of a desert plant.
Answer:
Leaves and stem become thick and store water.

Question 22.
Where does penguin live?
Answer:
Penguin lives in very cold places.

Question 23.
Where do we get w ater?
Answer:
We get water from ponds, lakes, rivers and oceans.

Question 24.
Name two animals found at the bottom of the sea.
Answer:
Corals, star fish and urchins.

Question 25.
Why is carbon dioxide necessary for plants?
Answer:
Carbon dioxide is essential for preparing their food.

Question 26.
What is one harmful effect of moving air?
Answer:
It transports harmful bacteria and spores of disease-causing fungi.

Question 27.
How are animals and plants related?
Answer:
They are related through food chain.

Question 28.
How does soil help plants?
Answer:
Soil provides solid support to plants for their growth.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What do you mean by noctural animals?
Answer:
Those animals which remain active during night and feed during night but take rest during day time are known as noctural animals. Examples bat, owl etc.

Question 2.
What do you mean by diurnal animals.
Answer:
Those animals which remain active during day time and rest at night are known as diurnal animals. Examples: Birds, Man etc.

Question 3.
Differentiate between terrestrial and aquatic organisms.
Answer:
Table 1

Question 4.
Differentiate between autotrophs and heterotrophs.
Answer:
Table 2

Question 5.
How do plants obtain their food?
Answer:
Plants prepare their own food by the process of photosynthesis, with the help of carbon dioxide, water and presence of sunlight. They obtain water and minerals from the soil by their roots.

Question 6.
Give examples of water and terrestrial habitats.
Answer:
Ponds, river, lakes and oceans are examples of aquatic habitats and water is a medium Forest is an example of terrestrial habitat. Deserts, tea garden and mountains are also terrestrial habitats.

Question 7.
How can you say that mountain is a special terrestrial habitat?
Answer:
Mountain is a special terrestrial habitat because at mountain tempera-ture is very low and most of the areas are covered by snow. Plants like grasses, mosses and lichens generally grow there. Animals like snow-bear, water fowl and musk deer are found in this habitat. Therefore, we can say that mountain is a special terrestrial habitat.

Question 8.
What are the biotic components?
Answer:
Plants and animals are part of biotic components. In addition, there are small organisms like bacteria and fungi in the habitat, which cannot be seen with naked eyes. These are called micro-organisms. They are also a part of biotic components of different habitat.

Question 9.
Name abiotic components.
Answer:
Soil, water and stones are non-living. They are abiotic components. Air, heat, light are also a part of abiotic components.

Question 10.
How do plants prepare their own food?
Answer:
Plants prepare their own food. They use water, carbon dioxide, and sunlight to prepare their own food by the process of photosynthesis, so they are called autotrophs. During this process, they release energy.

Question 11.
Light is necessary for plants and animals. Why?
Answer:
Plants and animals cannot survive without light. Plants prepare their own food in the presence of sunlight and animals get food from plants. They totally depend on plants for their food. So sunlight is essential for the survival of the biotic components. In the absence of light, plants becomes weak and delicate and their leaves become yellow. Plants cannot produce fruits and flowers.

Question 12.
What are the characteristics of xerophytes?
Answer:
The plants which grow in hot and dry places are called xerophytes. They have long and extensive roots, which goes deep in the soil in search of water. Leaves and stems of some plants become thick and store water. For example: Agane and opentia, their stems and leaves have thick cuticle layer, to prevent extensive loss of water by transpiration as in zinziphus (Ber) leaves also reduced and divided into small segments.

Question 13.
Why do desert animals have thick skin?
Answer:
Animals living in hot places, such as snakes, desert rats and lizards are not able to get sufficient water. So these animals have a thick skin, which prevents evaporation. Since they do not sweat, they can survive without water for a longer time.

Question 14.
How is camel adapted to live in desert?
Answer:
Camel lives in desert. It has long legs which help it to lift its body above the ground. Thus camel is able to avoid direct contact with the hot ground. The camel drinks water 50 litre or above in one time and store it in its body. So it lives without water for longer time. Its skin is also thick which prevents transpiration of water. Thus camel is suited to live in desert.

Question 15.
Define hydrophytes.
Answer:
Plant like hydrilla, water lily, water hyacinth and lotus grow in fresh water. Water growing plants may be submerged or partially submerged, floating and rooted in muddy soil. These plants are called hydrophytes.

Question 16.
What adaptations are found in hydrophytes?
Answer:
Hydrophytic plants are best suited to water by the presence of air storage parts in the stem and petioles to give buoyancy to plants for floating. Some rooted aquatic plants have the roots fixed in muddy water. In some plants, the floating leaves have waxy coating on the upper surface of the leaves and air cavity. For example lotus, water lily etc.

Question 17.
How fishes are adapted to live in water?
Answer:
Fishes are best suited to live in water. They have boat-like structure which help them in swimming in water. They have gills from which they get oxygen and food. The body of fishes contain different types of fins which help them for swimming in water. Fishes shape tapers which provide least resistance in swimming water.

Question 18.
How is soil important for plants?
Answer:
Top soil is most important for growing plants. Most of the organic matters, minerals, air and water are present in this layer. Water and air are very important for the growth of plants. Plant’s roots get oxygen for respiration. In this way, we can say that soil is important for plants.

Question 19.
How ddes air affect biotic components?
Answer:
Air is essential for the survival of plants and animals. Air contains oxygen and carbon dioxide. Animals cannot live without oxygen and plants cannot live without carbon dioxide. In the form of wind, air also affects plants and animals. Strong wind may break the branches of trees and uproot them. Some diseases caused by fungi and bacteria are spread by air.

Question 20.
How do plants balance oxygen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
Answer:
Plants balance the oxygen and carbon dioxide ratio in the atmosphere. Plants release oxygen in the atmosphere during the process of photosynthesis and carbon dioxide released by animals is used by plants during the process of photo-synthesis for preparing their own food. In this way, plants maintain balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide in atmosphere.

Question 21.
Distinguish between aquatic and terrestrial habitate.
Answer:
The place where organisms live is called habitat. When they live in water, it is known as water or aquatic habitat. Water is a medium for aquatic habitat. When they live on land, it is known as land or terrestrial habitat and land is a medium for terrestrial habitat. Pond, oceans, rivers and lakes are examples of aquatic habitats and forests, deserts, tea gardens and orchards etc. are example of land habitats.

Question 22.
Explain, why is light essential for plants?
Answer:
Plants prepare their own food with the help of sunlight. Plants cannot survive without sunlight. All animals depend for their food on plants directly or indirectly. Indoor plants become weak without light. Their colour becomes yellow. They should shifted in the sunlight for sometime.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How are biotic components related to abiotic components?
Answer:
Biotic components such as plants, animals and microorganisms, are influenced by abiotic components such as water, air, light, oxygen and temperature in different ways. Green plants prepare their own food and animals depend on plants for their food directly or indirectly. They provide shelter to animals. Thus all the organisms are related through food chain.

After death and decay of plants and animals, they are decomposed into simple minerals in the soil. These minerals are again used by plants through the roots. It shows that organisms do not live in isolation. They live in the company of other organisms and share common surroundings. Thus we see that all biotic components and the abiotic components such as air, water, light and soil are interrelated and interdependent on each other in the habitat.

Question 2.
How is fish adapted for aquatic life?
Answer:
(i) The body of a fish is spindle- shaped and streamlined which allows least resistance while moving in water.
(ii) The body is laterally compressed with a pointed head, body and’h tail.
(iii) The body is provided with the waterproof covering of scales.
(iv) Body is slimy because of mucous coating to reduce water tension.
(v) Fins are present for movement and swimming.

Question 3.
How is camel adapted to survive in a desert?
Answer:
Camel is adapted to live in a desert because of its following special features:
(i) A camel has long legs which help to keep its body away from the hot sand in the desert.
(ii) A camel can drink large amount of water when it is available and store it in the body.
(iii) A camel’s body is adapted to save water in the dry desert. A camel passes small amount of urine, its dung is dry and it does not sweat. Since a camel loses very little water from its body, it can live for many days without drinking water.
(iv) A camel’s hump has ‘fat’ stored in it. In case of emergency, a camel break down stored fat to obtain water.
(v) A camel has large and flat feet which help it to walk easily on soft sand by preventing it from sinking into the sand.

The Living Organisms and their Surroundings Class 6  HBSE Notes

• Habitat is a place where living organisms live.
• When plants and animals live in water, it is called aquatic habitat and when they live on land is called terrestrial or land habitat.
• Habitat comprises of two components that is biotic components which include living organisms such as plants, animals and micro-organisms and abiotic components which are non-living such as air, water, light and soil.
• Plants prepare their own food through the process of photosynthesis. Animals depend on plants for their food directly or indirectly.
• Abiotic components such as air, light, water, soil and temperature affect the distribution of plants and animals.
• These biotic and abiotic components are inter-related and inter-dependent on each other.
• Light is necessary for all living organisms. They cannot survive without light. Plants prepare their own food in the presence of sunlight by the process of photo-synthesis. All animals depend for their food on plants.
• Light also affects animals. Animals live in caves and burrows have very much reduced eyes. Amblyopsis, a cave dwelling fish, do not have eyes. Some animals such as bats and owls are active during night. These are called noctural animals.
• Temperature’s effects differ in different habitats. Different plants and animals find different temperature habitat. They suit themselves to adopt some modifications.
• The area where rain fall is very low, is called desert and plants growing there are called xerophyts. They have a long and extensive system. Their leaves are reduced. Camels live in, desert.
• Some animals live in very cold places. Yak and polar bear and penguins etc. lives in very cold places.
• The plants growing in water may be submerged or partially submerged. These plants are called hydrophytes. Plants are best suited to water by the presence of air storage parts in the stem and petioles to give a buoyancy to plant for floating. Such as water lily and Water Hyacinth etc.
• In ocean and sea water habitats, we observe phytoplanktons which include all floating plants such as algae and sea weeds. Large number of animals such as corals, star fish and urchins live in sea bottom. They adopt to live in water.
• Soil is another important abiotic factor which provides support to plants. Many animals live in soils. Soil contains air and water.
• Air is also very important abiotic factor. Plants and animals cannot survive without air.
• Biotic components such as plants, animals and microorganisms are influenced by abiotic factors or physical factors such as air, light and temperature in different ways.